Given name

essary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a rst-name basis and being on
rst-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing
another by a given name.

1 Name order

First/given, middle, and last/family/surname diagram with John

Fitzgerald Kennedy as example. This shows a structure typical
for English-speaking cultures (and some others). Other cultures
use other structures for full names.

See also: Personal name Name order

The order given name family name, commonly known
as the Western order, is used throughout most European
countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly inuenced by Western Europe (North and South
America, North, East, Central and West India, Australia,
New Zealand and the Philippines).

The order family name given name, commonly known

as the Eastern order, is primarily used in East Asia (for
example in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysian Chinese,
Singapore, Taiwan and Vietnam), as well as in Southern
and North-Eastern parts of India, but also in Hungary. It
is common in popular use also in Austria and Bavaria, but
also in France, Belgium, Greece and Italy, possibly because of the inuence of the bureaucratic use of putting
Desideria was a name given to Dsire Clary not at birth, but the family name before the given name. In China and Kowhen she was created Crown Princess of Sweden in 1810 (here rea, even part of the given name may be shared among all
members of a given generation in a family and the famin on her sarcophagus at Riddarholm Church)
ilys extensions, to dierentiate those generations from
A given name (also known as a personal name, Chris- other generations.
tian name, rst name, or forename) is a part of a per- The order given name - fathers family name - mothers
sons full nomenclature. It identies a specic person, and family name is commonly used in Spanish-speaking
dierentiates that person from other members of a group, countries to acknowledge the families of both parents.
such as a family or clan, with whom that person shares Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain usa common surname. The term given name refers to the ing given name - mothers family name - fathers family
fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person, nor- name.
mally given to a child by its parents at or near the time
of birth. This contrasts with a surname (also known as a
family name, last name, or gentile name), which is nor2 Multiple given names
mally inherited, and shared with other members of the
childs immediate family.[1]
Under the common Western naming convention, people
Regnal names and religious or monastic names are spe- may have one or more forenames (either given or accial types of given names, as they are given to adults upon quired). If more than one, there is usually a main forethem receiving a crown or entering a religious order and name (German: Rufname) for everyday use, and one or
as such are replacing the original given name of those per- more supplementary forenames. Sometimes however two
sons.
or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no
Given names are often used in a familiar and friendly particular ordering rule for forenames often the main
manner in informal situations. In more formal situations forename is at the beginning, but other arrangements are
the surname is more commonly used, unless it is nec- quite common.
1

Legal status

A childs given name or names are usually chosen by the

parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth,
one may be given at a naming ceremony, with family
and friends in attendance. In most jurisdictions, a childs
name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on
a birth certicate, or its equivalent. In western cultures,
people normally retain the same given name throughout
their lives. However, in some cases these names may be
changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also
change their names when immigrating from one country
to another with dierent naming conventions.[2]
In certain jurisdictions, mainly civil-law jurisdictions
such as France, Quebec, the Netherlands or Germany, a
government-appointed registrar of births may refuse to
register a name that may cause a child harm, or which is
considered oensive. In France, the agency can refer the
case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden,
restrict the spelling of names.[lower-roman 1]

Origins and meanings

ORIGINS AND MEANINGS

of a family, where the surname would not otherwise be passed down (e.g., the mothers maiden surname).
Places, for example Brittany[18] and Lorraine.[19]
Time of birth, for example day of the week, as
in Ko Annan, whose given name means born on
Friday,[20] or the holiday on which one was born,
for example, the name Natalie meaning "[born on]
Christmas day in Latin.[21]
Combination of the above, for example the
Armenian name Sirvart means love rose.[22]
In many cultures, given names are reused, especially to
commemorate ancestors or those who are particularly
admired, resulting in a limited repertoire of names that
sometimes vary by orthography.
The most familiar example of this, to Western readers,
is the use of Biblical and saints names in most of the
Christian countries (with Ethiopia, in which names were
often ideals or abstractionsHaile Selassie, power of
the Trinity"; Haile Miriam, power of Maryas the
most conspicuous exception). However, the name Jesus
is considered taboo or sacrilegious in some parts of the
Christian world, though this taboo does not extend to the
cognate Joshua or related forms which are common in
many languages even among Christians. In some Spanish
speaking countries, the name Jesus is considered a normal
given name.

Parents may choose a name because of its meaning. This

may be a personal or familial meaning, such as giving a
child the name of an admired person, or it may be an
example of nominative determinism, in which the parents
give the child a name that they believe will be lucky or
favourable for the child. Given names most often derive
Similarly, the name Mary, now popular among Chrisfrom the following categories:
tians, particularly Roman Catholics, was considered too
Aspirational personal traits (external and inter- holy for secular use until about the 12th century. In counnal). For example, the name Clement means tries that particularly venerated Mary, this remained the
in the 17th
merciful.[4][5] English examples include Faith, case much longer; in Poland, until the arrival
[23]
century
of
French
queens
named
Marie.
Prudence, and August.

Most common given names in English (and many other

Occupations, for example George means earthEuropean languages) can be grouped into broad cateworker, i.e., farmer.[6]
gories based on their origin:
Circumstances of birth, for example Thomas meaning twin or the Latin name Quintus, which was tra Hebrew names, most often from the Bible, are
ditionally given to the fth male child.[7][8]
very common inor are elements of names used
inthe historically Christian countries. Some have
Objects, for example Peter means rock and Edgar
elements meaning God, especially "Eli". Exmeans rich spear.[9][10]
amples: Michael, Joshua, Daniel, Joseph, David,
Adam,
Samuel, Elizabeth, Hannah and Mary. There
Physical characteristics, for example Calvin means
are
also
a handful of names in use derived from
[11]
bald.
the Aramaic, particularly the names of prominent
gures in the New Testamentsuch as Thomas,
Variations on another name, especially to change
Martha and Bartholomew.
the sex of the name (Pauline, Georgia) or to
translate from another language (for instance,
All of the Semitic peoples of history and the
the names Francis or Francisco that come
present day use at least some names confrom the name Franciscus meaning "Frank or
structed like these in Hebrew (and the an[12][13][14]
Frenchman).
cient Hebrews used names not constructed
Surnames, for example Winston,[15] Harrison,[16]
like thesesuch as Moses, probably an Egypand Ross.[17] Such names can honour other branches
tian name related to the names of Pharaohs

4.1

East Asia
like Thutmose and Ahmose). The Muslim world is the best-known example (with
names like Saif-al-din, sword of the faith,
or Abd-Allah, servant of God), but even the
Carthaginians had similar names: cf. Hannibal, the grace of god (in this case not
the Abrahamic deity God, but the deity
probably Melkartwhose title is normally left
untranslated, as Baal).

Germanic names are characteristically warlike;

roots with meanings like glory, strength, and
will are common. The "-bert" element common
in many such names comes from beraht, which
means "bright". Examples: Robert, Edward, Roger,
Richard, Albert, Carl, Alfred, Rosalind, Emma,
Emmett, Eric and Matilda.
French forms of Germanic names. Since the
Norman conquest of England, many English given
names of Germanic origin are used in their French
forms. Examples: Robert, Charles, Henry, William,
Albert.
Slavic names are often of a peaceful character, the
compounds being derived from word roots meaning to protect, to love, peace, to praise
[gods]", to give. Examples: Milena, Vesna,
Bohumil, Dobromir, Svetlana, Vlastimil. The
names have also warlike character and are built of
words meaning ghter, war, anger. Examples: Casimir, Vladimir, Sambor, Wojciech and
Zbigniew. Many of them derive from the root
word slava - glory: Boleslav, Miroslav, Vladislav,
Radoslav and Stanislav.
Celtic names are sometimes anglicised versions of
Celtic forms, but the original form may also be used.
Examples: Alan, Brian, Brigid, Mrag, Logan,
Ciarn, Jennifer, and Sen. These names often have
origins in Celtic words, as Celtic versions of the
names of internationally known Christian saints, as
names of Celtic mythological gures, or simply as
long-standing names whose ultimate etymology is
unclear.

3
Julius, Cecilia, Felix, Julia, Pascal (not a traditionaltype Latin name, but the adjective-turned-name
paschalis, meaning 'of Easter' (Pascha)).
Word names come from English vocabulary
words. Feminine names of this sortin more languages than English, and more cultures than Europe alonefrequently derive from nature, owers, birds, colours, or gemstones. Examples include Jasmine, Lavender, Dawn, Daisy, Rose, Iris,
Petunia, Rowan, Jade, and Violet. Male names of
this sort are less commonexamples like Hunter
and Fischer, or names associated with strong animals, such as Bronco and Wolf. (This is more common in some other languages, such as Northern Germanic and Turkish).
Trait names most conspicuously include the Christian virtues, mentioned above, and normally used
as feminine names (such as the three Christian
virtuesFaith, Hope, and Charity).
Diminutives are sometimes used to distinguish between two or more people with the same given name.
In English, Robert may be changed to Robbie
or Thomas changed to Tommy. In German the
names Hnsel and Gretel (as in the famous fairy tale)
are the diminutive forms of Johann and Margarete.
Examples: Vicky,Tommy, Danny, Abby, Ali.
Shortened names (see nickname) are generally
nicknames of a longer name, but they are instead
given as a persons entire given name. For example, a man may simply be named Jim, and it is not
short for James. Examples: Beth, Ben, Zach, Tom.
Feminine variations exist for many masculine
names, often in multiple forms.
Examples:
Charlotte, Stephanie, Victoria, Philippa, Jane,
Jacqueline, Josephine, Danielle, Paula, Pauline,
Patricia, Francesca.
Frequently, a given name has versions in many dierent
languages. For example, the biblical name Susanna also
occurs in its original biblical Hebrew version, Shoshannah, its Spanish and Portuguese version Susana, its
French version, Suzanne, and its Polish version, Zuzanna.

Greek names may be derived from the history and

mythology of Classical Antiquity or be derived from
the New Testament and early Christian traditions. 4.1 East Asia
Such names are often, but not always, anglicised.
Examples: Helen, Stephen, Alexander, Andrew, See also: Chinese given names
Peter, Gregory, George, Christopher, Melissa,
Margaret, Nicholas, Jason, Timothy, Chloe, Zo,
Despite the uniformity of Chinese surnames, Chinese
Katherine, Penelope and Theodore.
given names can be fairly original because Chinese char Latin names can also be adopted unchanged, or acters can be combined extensively. Unlike European
modied; in particular, the inected element can languages with their Biblical and Roman heritage, the
be dropped, as often happens in borrowings from Chinese language does not have a particular set of words
Latin to English. Examples: Laura, Victoria, reserved for given names: any combination of Chinese
Marcus, Justin (Latin Justinus), Paul (Lat. Paulus), characters can theoretically be used as a given name.

6 POPULARITY DISTRIBUTION OF GIVEN NAMES

Nonetheless, a number of popular characters commonly

recur, including Strong ( , Wi), Learned ( , Wn),
Peaceful ( , n), and Beautiful ( , Mi). Despite
Chinas increasing urbanization, a great many names
such as Pine ( , Sng) and "Plum" ( , Mi) also still
reference nature.
Most Chinese given names are two characters long and
despite the examples above the two characters together
may mean nothing at all. Instead, they may be selected
to include particular sounds, tones, or radicals; to balance
the Chinese elements of a childs birth chart; or to honor a
generation poem handed down through the family for centuries. Traditionally, it is considered an aront and not an
honor to have a newborn named after an older relative, so
that full names are rarely passed down through a family in
the manner of American English Seniors, Juniors, III, etc.
Similarly, it is considered disadvantageous for the child
to bear a name already made famous by someone else,
although Romanizations might be identical or a common
name like Liu Xiang might be borne by tens of thousands.
Korean names and Vietnamese names are often simply
conventions derived from Classical Chinese counterparts.
Many female Japanese names end in -ko ( ), meaning
child. This can make them seem decidedly unfeminine
to Europeans accustomed to Indo-European tendencies to
end masculine names in o.
In many Westernised Asian locations, many Asians also
have an unocial or even registered Western (typically
English) given name, in addition to their Asian given
name. This is also true for Asian students at colleges in
countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia
as well as among international businesspeople.

Gender

6 Popularity distribution of given

names
FEMALE 1880
Mary
Anna
Emma
Elizabeth
Minnie
Margaret
Ruth
Helen
Dorothy
Betty
Barbara
Joan
Shirley
Patricia
Judith
Carol
Linda
Sandra
Susan
Deborah
Debra
Karen
Donna
Lisa
Kimberly
Michelle
Jennifer
Melissa
Amy
Heather
Angela
Jessica
Amanda
Sarah
Ashley
Brittany
Samantha
Emily
Hannah
Alexis
Madison
Olivia
Abigail
Isabella
Ava
Sophia

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

MALE
1880
John
William
James
Charles
George
Robert
Joseph
Richard
David
Michael
Christopher
Jason
Matthew
Joshua
Daniel
Andrew
Tyler
Jacob
Nicholas
Ethan
Alexander
Jayden
Mason
Noah
Liam

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

Most names in English are specically masculine or

feminine, but there are many unisex names as well,
such as Jordan, Jamie, Jesse, Alex, Ash, Chris/Kris,
Rank:
1 2 3 4 5
6-10 11-20 21-50 51-100
Hilary/Hillary, Kim, Leslie/Lesley, Joe/Jo, Jackie, Pat,
Dana, Sam or Ryan/Ryann. Often, one gender is predominant. Also, a particular spelling is often more common Most popular US baby names from 1880 to 2012
for each of the two genders, even when the pronunciation
is the same. Predicting gender using names in the US or The popularity (frequency) distribution of given names
typically follows a power law distribution.
Europe is about 99% accurate.[24]
Many culture groups, past and present, did not or do not
gender names strongly, so that many or all of their names
are unisex. On the other hand, in many languages including most Indo-European languages (but not English), gender is inherent in the grammar. Some countries have laws
preventing unisex names, requiring parents to give their
children sex-specic names. Names may have dierent
gender connotations from country to country or language
to language.

Since about 1800 in England and Wales and in the U.S.,

the popularity distribution of given names has been shifting so that the most popular names are losing popularity. For example, in England and Wales, the most popular female and male names given to babies born in 1800
were Mary and John, with 24% of female babies and 22%
of male babies receiving those names, respectively.[25] In
contrast, the corresponding statistics for in England and
Wales in 1994 were Emily and James, with 3% and 4% of

5
names, respectively. Not only have Mary and John gone
out of favour in the English speaking world, also the overall distribution of names has changed signicantly over
the last 100 years for females, but not for males. This
has led to an increasing amount of diversity for female
names.[26]

Macpherson's spurious cycle of Ossian poems; Wendy, an

obscure name popularised by J. M. Barrie in his play Peter
Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up; and Madison, a
character from the movie Splash. Lara and Larissa were
rare in America before the appearance of Doctor Zhivago,
and have become fairly common since.

Songs can inuence the naming of children. Jude jumped

from 814th most popular male name in 1968 to 668th in
6.1 Choice of names
1969, following the release of The Beatles' "Hey Jude.
Similarly, Layla charted as 969th most popular in 1972
Education, ethnicity, religion, class and political ideolafter the Eric Clapton song. It had not been in the top
ogy aect parents choice of names. In the United States,
1,000 before.[30]
popular names tend to be chosen by parents with more
education. Politically conservative parents choose com- Kayleigh became a particularly popular name in the
mon and traditional names, while politically liberal par- United Kingdom following the release of a song by the
ents choose the names of literary characters or other rel- British rock group Marillion. Government statistics in
atively obscure cultural gures.[27] Devout members of 2005 revealed that 96% of Kayleighs were born after
religions often choose names from their religious scrip- 1985, the year in which Marillion released "Kayleigh.
tures. For example, Hindu parents may name a daugh- Popular culture gures need not be admirable in order to
ter Saanvi after the goddess, Jewish parents may name a inuence naming trends. For example, Peyton came in
boy Isaac after one of the earliest ancestral gures, and to the top 1000 as a female given name for babies in the
Muslim parents may name a boy Mohammed after the United States for the rst time in 1992 (at #583), immeprophet.
diately after it was featured as the name of an evil nanny
There are many tools parents can use to choose names,
including books, websites and applications. An example is the Baby Name Game that uses the Elo rating system to rank parents preferred names and help them select
one.[28]

in the lm The Hand That Rocks the Cradle.[30] On the

other hand, historical events can inuence child-naming.
For example, the given name Adolf has fallen out of use
since the end of World War II in 1945.

for a pivotal character in his epic prose work, The Countess of Pembrokes Arcadia; Jessica, created by William
Shakespeare in his play The Merchant of Venice; Vanessa,
created by Jonathan Swift; Fiona, a character from James

The French and English-adopted terms ne and n (/ne/;

French: [ne], from French n[e], meaning born)
are used to indicate the name at birth. The term ne,
having feminine grammatical gender, can be applied to

In contrast with these anecdotal evidence, a comprehensive study of Norwegian rst name datasets[31] shows
that the main factors that govern rst name dynamics are
6.2 Inuence of pop culture
endogenous. Monitoring the popularity of 1000 names
along 130 years, the authors have identied only ve cases
Popular culture appears to have an inuence on naming
of exogenous eects, three of them are connected to the
trends, at least in the United States and United Kingdom.
names given to the babies of the Norwegian royal family.
Newly famous celebrities and public gures may inuence
the popularity of names. For example, in 2004, the names
Keira and Kiera respectively became the 51st and
92nd most popular girls names in the UK, following the 7 Name at birth
rise in popularity of British actress Keira Knightley.[29]
In 2001, the use of Colby as a boys name for babies in
the United States jumped from 233rd place to 99th, just Ne redirects here. For other uses, see Ne (disambiguation).
after Colby Donaldson was the runner-up on Survivor:
The Australian Outback. Also, the female name Miley
which before was not in the top 1000 was 278th most pop- Where births are required to be ocially registered, the
ular in 2007, following the rise to fame of singer-actress name entered onto a births register or birth certicate
Miley Cyrus (who was named Destiny at birth).[30]
may by that fact alone become a legal name.[32] The asCharacters from ction also seem to inuence naming. sumption in the Western world is often that the name
After the name Kayla was used for a character on the from birth, or perhaps from baptism or bris, persists to
American soap opera Days of Our Lives, the names pop- adulthood in the normal course of aairs. Some possible
ularity increased greatly. The name Tammy, and the re- changes concern middle names, uses of diminutive forms,
lated Tamara became popular after the movie Tammy adoption, choice of surname as parents divorce or were
and the Bachelor came out in 1957. Some names were not married. Matters are very dierent in some cultures,
established or spread by being used in literature. Notable where a name at birth is only a childhood name rather
examples include Pamela, invented by Sir Philip Sidney than the default choice for later life.

10

a womans surname at birth that has been replaced or

changed, most often (in English-speaking cultures) at
marriage.[33] (Women might prefer to have their marital
names xed to their pre-marital names.) The masculine
form n, though uncommon, can likewise be applied in
English or French to mens family names changed for any
reason.[34] (The accent marks are important but sometimes omitted.)
Birth name, or now sometimes birthname, can mean
name at birth, or the more elusive concept of personal
name (that is, name before taking a professional name
such as stage name, pen name, ring name, assumed name,
alias, nickname, or some recognised name change process that de jure alters names). The term birth name is
sometimes used for the name before marriage of a woman
in cultures where a married womans name customarily changes by those who nd maiden name to be an
old-fashioned usage with the wrong connotations.
The term birth name is also applied to mean the family
name of the mother of a child adopted at birth, and is
thus likely to be used with more exibility than the loanwords ne and n, even when the name being referred to
was acquired by adoption (at or long after birth), or made
in connection with a change of nationality, or changed in
any of many other (rarer) circumstances.

REFERENCES

Unisex name
Category:Human rst names given to physical phenomena

9 Notes
[1] Protesting Swedish naming laws,
in 1996,
two parents attempted to name their child
Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116,
claiming that it was a pregnant, expressionistic development that we see as an artistic creation.[3]

10 References
[1] A name given to a person at birth or at baptism, as distinguished from a surname according to the American
Heritage Dictionary
[2] http://www.uscis.gov/files/pressrelease/
NamingCnv091305.pdf
[3] BBC NEWS - Entertainment - Baby named Metallica
rocks Sweden.
[4] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Clement. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.

See also
Maiden and married names
Onomastics
List of most popular given names (in many dierent
countries and cultures)
List of most popular given names by state in the
United States
Name days
Names of God
Personal name
Praenomen
Hypocorism
Pet name
Pseudonym
Saints name
Calendar of saints
Slave name
Theophoric names
Theophory in the Bible

[5] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Clemens. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
[6] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name George. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2008-0721.
[7] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Thomas. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2008-0721.
[8] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Quintus. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2008-0721.
[9] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Edgar. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
[10] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Peter. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
[11] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Calvin. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
[12] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Francis. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
[13] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Francisco. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
[14] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Franciscus. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
[15] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Winston. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.

[16] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Harrison. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
[17] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Ross.
names.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.

MF-

[18] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Brittany. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
[19] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Lorraine. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2009-0105.
[20] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the
Name Ko. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2009-01-05.

11 External links
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Christian
Names". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert
Appleton Company.
Given Name Frequency Project Analysis of longterm trends in given names in England and Wales.
Includes downloadable datasets of names for people
interested in studying given name trends.
NameVoyager Visualization showing the frequency of the Top 1000 American baby names
throughout history.

[21] Igor Katsev. Origin and Meaning of Natalie. MFnames.com. Retrieved 2009-01-05.

U.S. Census Bureau: Distribution of Names Files

Large ranked list of male and female given names in
addition to last names.

[22] Mike Campbell. Meaning, Origin and History of the

Name Sirvart. Behind the Name. Retrieved 2009-01-05.

Popular Baby Names The Social Security Administration page for Popular U.S. Baby Names

[23] Witamy. #Polska - ocjalny portal promocyjny.

[24] Onomastics API for Gender Studies. NamSor.
[25] First Name Popularity in England and Wales over the
Past Thousand Years.
[26] Analytical Visions.
[27] J. Eric Oliver, Thomas Wood, Alexandra Bass. Liberellas versus Konservatives: Social Status, Ideology, and
Birth Names in the United States Presented at the 2013
Midwestern Political Science Association Annual Meeting
[28] Baby Name Game.
[29] Oce for National Statistics (ONS) - ONS.
[30] Popular Baby Names, Social Security Administration,
USA
[31] Kessler DA, Maruvka YE, Ouren J, Shnerb NM (2012)
You Name It How Memory and Delay Govern First
Name Dynamics. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38790.
[32] French administration must routinely use womans
maiden name in letters. The Connexion. 27 January
2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014. Laws have existed
since the French Revolution stating that no citizen can
use a rst name or surname other than that written on their
birth certicate - but many ocial organisations address
both partners by the husbands surname.
[33] ne - denition of ne in English from the Oxford dictionary.
[34] Ne - denition of Ne in English from the Oxford dictionary.

Muslim Names Islamic names with Audio Voice for

pronunciation of Arabic names.
Given Name - Meaning of Given Names. TOP 1000
Given Names. Encyclopedia of Given Names

12

12
12.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

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Chris Roy, Ashley Y, Rfc1394, Flauto Dolce, Hidoshi, Gbog, Lupo, Kathy T, Srtxg, Paul3144, Andy, Tom harrison, Bnn, Bkonrad,
Michael Devore, Joe Sewell, Dmmaus, Apv, Chameleon, Decagon, Pne, Lenehey, Utcursch, Quadell, BozMo, Kusunose, Lesgles, Phil
Sandifer, Jokestress, Uly, Arcturus, Joyous!, Clemwang, Zondor, Trevor MacInnis, Randwicked, Mjec, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough,
C12H22O11, AxSkov, Arthur Holland, Dbachmann, Kjoonlee, Kaisershatner, Bennylin, Evil otto, Lankiveil, Bobo192, Circeus, Mike
Schwartz, Flxmghvgvk, Shenme, .:Ajvol:., Angie Y., Palmiro, Sriram sh, Man vyi, Acjelen, Bijee~enwiki, Espoo, GK, AndromedaRoach,
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