ELSEVIER Contents lists available at SioncoDirect Journal of Cleaner Production Journal homepage: www-elsevier.comflocateljelepro (eras Pea ee iS One-year properties of concrete with partial substitution of natural aggregate by cupola foundry slag Juraj Ladomersky *, Ivan Janotka °, Emilia Hroncové **, Iveta Najdend a * Mat) el Users Faculty of Natural Scenes Tvs 40 9740, Baské Bsc, Soak ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT sap 2015, Aecepte 20 Api 2016 Cape according {Gupola foundry slag has almost cation of foundry slag in concrete production. This paper analyses the potential ublisation of cupola foundry slag. It also presents a proposal for processing and using granulated cupola sag from cast production in concrete products and the I Base for industrial scale application. The wt 25.5% substitution of 0/4 mm fine natural egeregate by 0} 44mm cupol foundry sag in properties when compared to control eonerete (CC), {951% EN 205)NA- 2015 requirement This lack could be removed by increasing the entrapped {it Teves from the current 20-2.4 volume percent to around 5-5 Vol ‘illstion. There has been no long tem experience with the apple term (one-year period) verification ofits properties as 2 rete (CFSC) declares the same or very similar mai civil engineering rhe CC and CFSE concrete ate not Kost resistant petcet in fresh concrete (© 2016 Elsevier Lz, Al ight reserved. 1. Introduction ‘The Founciry industry is a major player inthe recycling of metals (IPPC, 2005}, However, foundries also have significant negative environmental effects. Despite transitional problems, foundries in Slovakia continue their efforts to gradually deploy cleaner tech- ‘nologies. A total of 4 areas of technical complications involved in deploying cleaner technologies have been identified in the pro- dduction of grey or ductile iron: co ensure compliance with atmo- spheric protection requirements, a long term experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of foundry slag recovery and to ensure that a substantial proportion of slag produced might not be land- filled, to increase the proportion of foundry sand recovery and to reduce dust in the working environment in foundries. The first of these tasks has been successfully completed and foundry emissions comply with atmospheric protection requirements. The submitted paper deals with the second of these essential tasks in resolving problems related tothe deployment of clean technologies. Slag is a major by-product from the metallurgy process of iron, steel and cast iron. The composition and properties of cupola foundry slag mostiy depend on the properties of raw materials 0959.6525/6 2016 Elsevier Le Al rights reserved. used, particular processes, temperature, time of thermal treatment, etc, Therefore, the utilisation, treatment and disposal methods also essentially depend on the above mentioned characteristics. Sig- nificant differences in physical, chemical, granulometric and structural properties, radionuclide content and ecotoxicity exist among individual types of slag and other waste, which allow or limit thei utilisation potential (Chateau, 2007; Distant et al, 2012) Shatigh etal, 2014: Xuan etal, 2015) The best utilisation potential hhas blast furnace slag due to its suitability in concrete and cement production — as a partial substitute for clinker in cement produc- tion of in the production of cement composite materials (Nlnak et al, 2006; Lim et al, 2012; Vaclavik et al, 2012). So far, itis the only type of slag allowed for use in cement production, According to European Standard STN EN 205[NA, 2015, only ground granu- lated blast furnace slag can be used as a major additive in cement production. Cupola foundry slag has different hydraulic properties than blast furnace slag and this standard does not allow ground aranulated cupola foundry slag to be used as a cement additive. A stronger and harder cement is achieved by adding 35 wr. % ground granulated cupola foundry slag to Portland cement than when us- Ing Portland cement alone (Stroup et a. 2003), Despite the fact that in several countries the costs of cupola foundry slag disposal are not significant fr foundry slag producers the demand for its utilisation is increasing. Interest in metallurgy waste utilisation is prolonged and worldwide (Zeng and Kozinshi10 ‘adem ej onal of Caner Predstion 1 201) 728-746 1996; Kiselev and Bodyagin, 2004) Some portion of slag other than biast furnace slag is utilised in miscellaneous applications. Very good results were achieved, for example. with copper slag in cement and concrete production (Shi et al. 2008). Other slag ~ the mixtures of electric arc furnace slag and ladle slag - seems to have promising potential for use in bartier constructions as a landfill liner (Herrmann et al, 2010) The utilisation of cupola foundry slag is atopic of contemporary research from the industrial ecology point of view minimising raw materials, maximising energy efficiency, and minimising the negative impact on the environment and sustainability Bours and Frianan, 2003), Despite the long term effort to utilise cupola foundry slag, significant improvement in its utilisation has not yet been achieved in terms of reducing or eliminating foundry slag disposal in landfills, although solutions are available ona laboratory and pilot scale (Naik, 2008; Ladomersky etal, 201 1a; 2011D). ‘There are indications of possible foundry slag utilisation: how- ever we lack long term experience with the application of cupola foundry slag in concrete production (Nake al, 1996: Ceccato etl, 2008), Therefore, for example, in Slovakia and in other countries as Well, the entire amount of produced foundry slag is being disposed in landfills. Foundry slag. as a potentially utlisable waste stored in landfills, i degrading the soil and has a disturbing impact on the landscape. In the context of waste utilisation from a cast iron production study, major interest is paid to foundry sand (Fiore et al, 2005). Foundry sand may become one ofthe indicators for the evaluation of environmental performance of coneretes produced using waste as its raw material (Deng. ané Tikalsky, 2008; Mastella etal, 2014) In most cases, cupola foundry slag does not contain problem components, but its properties are not attractive for commercial application. ‘The possiblities of intentional influence with its properties have not yet been researched. Pyrometallurgy currently represents a technique which could be suitable for modifying foundry slag properties (Mersmann, 2007: Norval and Oberholster, 2011), Our preliminary experimental research implies certain pos- sibilities of potentially utilising cupola foundry slag, mainly in concrete products manufacturing (Ladomessky etal, 2008) In our present research, we achieved among other things, perspective results in the application of cupola foundry slag in concrete pro- duction, especially as a partial 25.5 wt. % replacement of natural fine aggregate, fraction 0/4 mm. Sources of raw materials, such as fine aggregate from crushed river bed gravel, are not renewable, ‘The trend to utilise cupola foundry slag in concrete to produce a product with an increased added value and equal properties when compared to river bed gravel based concrete, is very asked in the building industry, Short term tests of all relevant parameters of cupola foundry slag as an artificial fine aggregate have shown the possibility ofits use asa fine aggregate in concrete production. Cupola foundry slag could be ground to a fineness of fly ash or bast furnace slag but its 28-day pozzolanic reactivity measured by Frattini testis only 35% (Janotka et al. 2014). This fact calls into question the use ofthis slag as an additive to cement compared to the ly ash and blast furnace slag with the estimated 872 and 57% pozzolanic effec. However, already stored cupola foundry slag can be mineral- ogically and chemically identified and re used in concrete as a partial or complete replacement of scarce natural aggregates. The replacement of natural aggregate by such a slag is currently regarded in Slovakia as a higher priority environmental isu as its se as a cement addition ‘The alm of this paper isto present a proposal for pracessing and utilising granulated cupola foundry slg from cast ion production in concrete products and long term (one-year period) verification of, its properties as a base for industrial scale application. 2, Material and methods Cement CEM IA-LL 42:5R produced by CRH, Rohoznik (Slovakia), according to SIN EN 197-1, 2012 (SEN EN Standards belong to the group of pan-European applicable EN standards). was chosen for the investigation. The cement was used in combination with natural aggregates of 0/4 mm fraction, HoliSa and 8/16 mm fraction, Badin (both from Slovakia) in the control concrete (quoted as CC), All aggregate properties met the requirements of SIN EN 12520, 2008. The 25.5 wt. % of 0/4 mm Holisa fraction was substituted by cupola foundry sag in the concrete (quoted as CFSC). ‘The industrial producer of cupola foundry slag is ZLH Plus Com- pany, Bratislava, plant Hronec, Slovakia, The main physical prop- erties, toxicological data and chemical composition ofthis slag are listed in Tables 1-3, respectively. The composition of fresh concrete mixtures is reported in Table 4, No other additions or admixtures were used for studying the slag influence on the concrete proper- ties and microstructure. 21, Casting Concrete specimens were made according to STN EN 12390-2, 2010, Fresh concrete was compacted on a vibration table (40 Hz) for 60s, Sample No, 1 of cupola foundry slag (Table 1) was used in EC, 22. Curing ‘The moulds were stored at an atmosphere of more than 95% relative humidity (abbreviated as RH) at (20 + 1)°C for the first 24h and then half of the concrete specimens were cured under- ‘water until the day of testing. The second part of the specimens was kept in (20 x 1) °€/60% RH. ~ dry a until required testing. by the ST4#N Standarés . a ana Testren enn Sample samp ‘rough 1 he $8 Tesh 10 ‘ying at 100°C Suphacs Sliema aid ofthe concrete fal St polngation) Compressive steath 8x Nodeatneadores a Jura of ener Production 1 (2016) 739-746, Peper Tex proceure Tecurenent ofthe Te Tanarpecomeine index of weight atiiy bce eee Trea baRe The peda nes re eauene eh os ‘etenined for ue ln constructions sth inhabited area radation 23, Testing ‘The consistency of fresh concrete was estimated by STN EN 12350-2, 2010, volume density By STIV EN 12350-6, 2011 and air content inthe fresh mixture by STN EN 12350-7, 2011, The concretes were examined on the compressive strength (STN EN 12390-3, 2010), dynamic and Young's elasticity module (STN 73 1372. 198%, SIN 180, 1993; STN EN 12360-7, 2011), suction capacity SIN 73 1316, 1989, depth of penetration of water under pressure STN PN 12380-8, 2011 and ffost resistance (SIN 73 1522, 1968, SIN EN 112390-5, 2011), Descriptions ofthe test methods applied in Slovak Technical Standards (STN) are as follows: the 100 x 100 x 400 mm. prisms in size were used for the measurements of oscillation ve- locity of the tested specimen at which the ultimate amplitude of oscillation was achieved, The values of dynamic modulus of clasticity (Fy) according to STN 73 1372, 1981, were calculated by Bugs Ax x a Where Ey is dynamic modulus of elasticity (MPa), Lis the length of| concrete specimen, (mm), fy is the 1st frequency of longitudinal oscillation (kitz) and pis the density of concrete (kgim’). SIN 73 1972, 1981 4s relevant to ASTM C597-09 Standard. erica analy of cupla foundry ag Coneanuenei=) Teenie Data geen onereie mine ‘Cala perm ofthe eth sempesion (ence — without CRS aggregate bated (concrete quied asco) by CF (concrete uate CISC) cen Gero ke Seoo me unde sig Hronee ovtemm ine «| s3750Ke eso ke erm couse ss7sokg 17504 egeeate Haein of Way wf He of We Sovak Repub No, 5262007 dated Ragan 16 2007 erdeiig Ihe Fequrenents or Eradiaton vedio coming mn Baad Young's modulus of elasticity according to STN 150, 1993 Stan- dard, was caleulated using formula deseo Bone @ where gyis the stress on stress level, ~ 1/3 (MPa). (te ~F13).feis the compressive strength of concrete (MPa) is the starting stress (0.5 MPa} isthe average relative strain at stress evel, = 1/3 (%s} and es the average relative strain atthe starting stress (Me) Suction capacity was calculated according to SIN 73 1216, 1989 as the weight difference of the 150 x 150 x 150 mm cube specimen saturated by water and consequently dried at 105 *Co the constant ‘weight and expressed in percentage. STN 73 1315, 1989 is relevant fo ASTM Ci585-13, A standard test specimen is a 100 + 6 mm diameter disc, with length of 50 + 3 mm, Sample conditioning consists of placing the concrete at 50 + 2°C and 80 + 3% R.H. air for 3 days. Alternatively, the specimens are placed in a desiccator in- side an oven ata temperature of 50+ 2°Cfor 3 days, and the rate of water absorption is calculated Frost resistance was tested using prisms of 100 x 100 x 400 mm, size according to SIN 73 1522, 198 After a 28-day water cure, half of the specimens were subjected to 50 freezing and thawing cycles (of hin frost at -20°C and 4 h in water at (20 » 1)°C. The second hal was only kept in water until testing. The resistance is evaluated by frost resistance coefficient, which is determined by flexural and compressive strength ratios (as a dimensionless number) between the cycled and uneycled concrete and must bein both cases greater than 0385 to meet the standard requirement for frost resistance of concrete. Concrete isnot frost resistant ifone of the indicators does not meet the standard inquiry. STN 73 1322, 1968 is relevant to ASTM C 656/C 6654-15 Stan- dard, Procedure B at which a concrete specimen is completely surrounded by air during the freezing phase of the cycle and by water during the thawing phase. Specimens used shall not be less than 75 mm nor more than 125 mm in width, depth, or diameter, and not less than 275 mm not more than 405 mi in length. The ‘nominal freezing and thawing cycle for both procedures ofthis test method consist of alternately lowering the temperature of the specimens from 4 to ~18 °C and raising it ftom 18 to 4 °C in not les than 2 nor more than Sh. For Procedure 8, not less than 20% of| the time shall be used for thawing. Concrete is tested in a thawed condition, at intervals not exceeding. 36 cycles of exposure to the freezing and thawing cycles. Itis clear that the physical principle of the measurements are the same, but they are based on different standardised procedures for obtaining results For the mineralogical, phase and chemical characterisation, the concretes were crushed to smaller bulk samples, consequently ried for several days at 60 "Cin an oven tothe constant weight and then milled for 60 min for homogenisation. The grounded products were sieved through a 0.063 mm mesh to receive the powder72 ladon eb joel of Cleaner Preduction 131206) 738-746 applicable for testing. Chemical analysis of the bulk concrete matrix {without large aggregate grains) was completed in concordance ‘with SIN EN 195-2, 2005. The X-ray diffraction tests were made on. the Philips difftactometer and run in a 20 range of 20-60". CuKe radiation and a Nisflter was used. Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was performed on the Netasch apparatus (STA 449 F3 Jupiter) in air at a heating range of 20-1100 °C and heating rate 10 K/min, Basic pa- rameters ofthe pore structure were identified by mercury intrusion porosimetry using the high-pressure porosimeter Quantachrome Poremaster 60 GT. 3. Results and discussion 31. Properties Cupola foundry slag (CFS) meets all important requirements given either by STN EN Standards or Slovak regulations put on building materials applied in concrete structures determined for tse in inhabited areas (Tables 13). The properties of CFS enable its use in concrete, Consistencies, volume densities and air contents of| both fresh concrete mixtures are similar (Table 5), ‘These rules were respected for mutual comparability of the re- sults: approximately the same slump of the fresh mixtures {d+ 10 mm), the same content of cement: 381 kg/m’, approxi- mately the same percentage abundance ofthe aggregates fractions and identical water to cement ratio of 0.52 (see Table 4), The above rules adopted for concrete manufacture give evidence tothe later results comparability. Main civil engineering properties of hard- ened concretes are reported in Figs. | to 5 and Tables 6-9, Cube strengths of CESC are comparable with those of CC by the measured 2-day until one-year values. Water curing is more beneficial for strength uptakes. ‘The measured volume density, dynamic and Young's module of elasticity and prism compressive strength values of CFSC confirm a ‘marked equality with those of CC. ie tothe present CEMII cement kind according to STN EN 205)NA. 2015, this concrete has to be excluded from use in pre-stressed constructions. Evident similar- ities among the presented main civil engineering properties of FSC and CC suggest that cupola foundry slag replacing 255 wt. % of natural 0/4 mm aggregate. is a susceptible material forthe use in construction concrete, aes Foner recone mes Coie Sumpanw —__—_valune aman Rr esata fh ransom) ae a Cbconrete san of nrg 953) Cte fs i = se cutie te Fig 1. Cube compressive strength of concrete kept a (20 1) “Cin wate "aly (20.21) 1002 RH. wet a wd day es. ‘it conpresiv sung of onc hg a 2041/0 RH I = } i oe é ™ % 0 oes Fig 2. Cube compressive strength of conetes ep (20 1) “J60¢ I~ Ay i Secayer ric oh) WeeeRER ESE ‘mec mod canner) Young Smads olconrete ashy =e &-ayar cere time op Fig 4 Yous’ mods of ela of concer ket at 20 21) “Ci water and 20 yar RH ay cmp sregihan the eg mot me ia Sacer es Sete pa eoueyor fx l-+--- Saat in te eer B45 ‘cure time cor Fg. Compressive stenghefconerets kept (20 1)“Cin water ane (201°C) eam RH ay a| tadomesy a Jura of ener Production 1 (2016) 739-746 Cn water an (20 1 “060% RL ~ ey ae Conaiee z Wotan cena eI ‘ble? Frost resistance ofthe concrete based on the coefficient of fost ee Noinum pentasen Gehan) —Sucion apeaw ‘bles fosequest $0 oylevof -20°CR hand 20°C/4h Conan Fo coaticentor rengih(MPa)___fatrestance water +S0ces 27 046 Fron veasant concrete sci by = ‘able Concrete Tenia Content of wate: SOqdes oat Penetration depth values of water under pressure are in compliance with the requirement given in STN EN 123908; ‘maximum penetration depths are <50 mm. Suction capacities are in concordance with the requirement STN EN 208)NA. 2015 ‘maximum allowable suction capacities are <6% by weight. CONCRETE - 368 days o| resistance estimated from the flexural strengths does not meet the requirement given in STN 73 1522, 1968, which pteseribes the value >085. The reason for decreased frost resistance is low entrapped air levels in the fresh concrete due to the missing aif-entraining admixture. Relevant tests with an airentraining agent have been not performed until now. Entrapped air on 5~6 volume % in fresh concrete mixture, instead of the current 202.4 volume %, is believed to offer frost resistance which satisfies the standard requirement. 32, Microstructure ‘The pattems obtained by XRD analysis are shown in Fig. 6, The patterns shovr quartz (Q) appearing as the predominant phase of the lused aggregates. Anorthite (An) and calcite (Cc) contents are of ‘marginal importance. Calcite is mainly supposed as the carbonation product of portlandite prior to coming from the aggregates. The patterns show that the intensities ofthe main portlandite ray Ca(OH)» (492A,311 4,263 4,193 Aand 180A) are similar inboth concretes. “The results of thermal analysis (TG-DTA) ate evaluated in Figs.7 and § and Tables 10 and 11, DTA curves show the presence of tendoterm below 100 °C and 200°C for physically sorbed water and ‘water bound in gel-like hydration products of C-5-H type, endo- terms with peak’s maximum at 454.0 "Cor CC and 472.4°C for CFSC showing portlandite dehydroxylation, endoterm at about S80 °C for 4 — B quartz conversion and endoterms with peak’s maximum at 8563 °C for CC and 750.7 °C for CFSC confirming decarbonation of fine-grained and coarse-grained calcite CaCOs, The plots exhibit similar amounts of gel-like hydration products and portlandite in the CC and CFSC microstructure, TG confirms 3.60% bound water content in gel-like hydration products appeared in CC, whereas in CISC it remains 462% The higher portlandite content in CFSC relative to CCresulting in a higher calcite portion due to carbonation §s also found (Table 10), The reason for this lies in the approximate 25 mass % CaO content found in CFS substituting approximately 25 fez Be 2% 5 fas [Age Fog 5 —aeambutertnnedld vsbattonaedonhlencsdlh CC apthonedbehrtrna Kadralaennchenelineh halon Fig 6. Xray laton pater of Cand CSC Abbreviation: — portant Cf (0 qua i, An~ anorthite belonging tote groupe dears (CANS) SHA Oe Ceou labore eb nal of Caner Podton 1 (205) 729-745 TeM% DTAving) CONCRETE CC -365 days too pos ‘00 i 970% ® os Fa es | eee BGS? TE ao a % 6 a 2 ea 700 60 ‘io abo “0 Temperature Fe. 7.To-DTA pls of Cee fo 1 year (20 1)°Cin wate, 16% BTA WVina) CONCRETE CFSC - 265 days tem v0 os sd ‘ ae _ es ie Sanaa’ 03 % SS HS meee Mess Change: -10.68 %102 o + noe iar-212%8 04 “ : [Lam creae 208 oo 0 ais i077 corommuecarryh or 7 “00 ao io oa Temperature PC ig 8 TC: pls of CISC hep for 1 ya at (2021) "Ca wae Bound wale cotetingelihehyraon products, Caf abd CACO aunts celts om Tatas Conn Content of pened Content of water pound Content Center of Tonle water) exon aco change) = a7 S36 550 a7 ose un an ba 1068 ‘mass % of natural aggregate from Holiga consisting mainly of quartz ‘i0,, Reaction heat confirms higher energy (mg) needed for bound ‘water release from gel-like hydration products (quoted as C—S—H phase) in CC relative to CFSC. In contrast, Ca(OH), (dehyroxylation mechanism: Ca(OH}, ~ CaO + 0) is more firmly bound in CFSC as opposed to CC. Differences between the studied microstructure parameters of CC and CPSC are negligible. Ths proves the compact and firm C-S-H phase and well-developed portlandite Ca(OH), arisen in the microstructure of both concretes ‘A mineralogical (XRD) and phase (TG-DTA) study ofthe formed fone-year CC and CFSC microstructure confirm a similar hydrate phase quality and quantity. The 25.5 wr, % substitution of natural Oj 4 mm aggregate by CFS is beneficial for the concrete ‘microstructure. Basic characteristics of the pore structure are presented in ‘Table 12. Both concretes are specified by large total pore volumes, relative high pore specific surface atea and total porosities opposite to very low micropore and total pore median radi This is evidentadores a Jura of ener Production 1 (2016) 739-746, os nd CaCO, decompesivon " _ and552°C (1888 jmg| seeded om the vale elated to C-SHHL, Tevels around $~6 volume percent in the ftesh concrete mixture Instead of the current 2.02.4 volume percent. Long term research of cupola foundry slag applied in the con- crete showed that this kind of slag can meet important re- {quirements of EN 206 put on the pozzolanic addition. The present EN 208 does not allow cupola foundry slag for use in concrete. Our findings indicate the adverse suggestion. We therefore propose this standard updating by the paragraph enabling cupola foundry slag admissible fr the use in concrete by same way as blast furnace slag but under exactly defined conditions put on its physical and chemical properties. Tonawe Toad Tore specie stawe Median rats Toraporsty a) coeticent oh volume ome) teas) ee Kim ~ Ta) Tae ae 786 Ta ws face aen of pares Vr volute o oa pen pores (12 TOS Vag — volte of ro pores 1 62—5250 as Ms ~ TORI pore RAE proof of the refined pore structure. Another observation is permeability coefficient calculated from the results of the pore structure study (gel and Zivica, 1997). Permeability coefficients — a5 the measure of microstructure density and compactness — are identical in both concrete kinds. Low porosity and impermeability of CFSC concrete indicates its increased durability (Kusiowsh' 1993: Dan and Janotka, 2003: Kraji, 2005). ‘The CC and CFSC are characterised by the dense pore structure ‘This gives reason to the improved durability expectations. The 25,5 wn. X substitution of 0/4 mm natural aggregate by CFS gives the concrete enough appropriate basic pore parameters for supplying sufficient impetmeabilty. ‘Aside from the above findings the obtained results represent an Interesting insight into one-year microstructure and pore structure of CC and CFSC with the cement of CEM IW/A-LL 42.5 kind (content of the CEM I cement 80 and 94 wr. % and CaCO} 6 and 20 wt. % according to STNV EN 197-1, 2012), 4, Conclusions ‘The 25.5% substitution of 0/4 mm fine natural aggregate by 0} ‘4 mm cupola foundry slag (CFS) in concrete (quoted as CFSC) de- lates the same or very similar 1) main civil engineering properties (workability. strength, elasticity module, penetration of water under pressure and suction capacity 2) microstructure considering the quality and quantity of the formed hydrate phase 3, pore structure and impermeabilty compared to the control concrete (CC), “The substitution of natural 0/4 mm aggregate by CFS exhibits a homogenous and a compact microstructure and provides an evident development in hydration products and fine pore structure. ‘The developed microstructure with CFS is appropriate to supplying. sufficient mechanical properties to concrete. ‘The CC and CFSC are characterised by unsatisfactory frost resistance according tothe requirements presctibed in SIN EN 208) INA, 2015 Standard, This lack could be removed by the entrapped ai are gradually depleted as terrestrial natural resources are not infinite. Replacing natural aggregate by recyclable and industrial ‘waste materials offers the important benefit forthe environment in ‘minimizing massive landfill disposal. The second important benefit Js a replacement of high-energy Portland cement by green cement, the manufacture of which significantly reduces the release of COp into atmosphere (Nartauz et 3, 2016). The current research focus therefore lies in the joint use of green cement and waste aggregates {o make concrete allowing end users to enjoy all benefits of high- auality concrete Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Cultural and Educational Grant ‘Agency ofthe Ministry of Education, Science. Research and Spart of the Slovak Republic project no. KEGA 03SUMB-4/2015. This research was also supported by the Slovak Research and Develop- ment Agency under contract No. APVV-0555-07 “Model of two- stage processing of selected inorganic wastes (by metallurgical ‘means) and its verification”. 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Par Compressive Strength of est Specimens SEN EN 12390, 201 Testing Hardene Coneete. art 5 Flexural Srengeh of Tet Specmens ‘SIN EN 125901 201, Testing Hardened Concrete Part 7 Density of Hardeneé ‘concrete “SININ 1350-8, 201, esting Hardened Caneete: Part: Dep of Penetration of ‘water ender Pres SIN EN 12600 "AI 20D Apart for Concrete. ‘SIN EN 167-1, 2012. cement Pat Compenion Specfeaans and Conformity Conary SENN 208A 2015, conc Speciction Fermin, Pdi nd Co sina of Stake Modus of Esty (Compiesstes, SIN-EN 53-1, 2012 Tess (or Geometseat opesties of Agateates, Pat Deteninaion of Fate Sue Dstibuton iering Hethod SENS 1097—6, 2014 Tests for Mecha ad Physical Hopes of Aggregates. ut 5: Deceinunaea of are Deas and Wate Absespes, SIN'EN ratte 2012 Tess fr Chemical Properbs of Aggregates. Fat ‘heme Anas. Seaup. WA. Sup, RD. Fling, JH, 2005. Cupola slag cement mature 2nd "methods of malig and using the sae. ned tates Patent 8521039 82, acne V-Dine,sbvrsk. 1. Datner 1 2012 The se of las race sag Netargia 5 401458, ‘ua DX, Molemaar AKA, Houben, LM, 2015, valuation of cement eaten ‘of recaimee conseveton ana dealin ware rosé base Clean Prac fois 7 ‘hang GH, Korine JA 996 Soll wart remediation in the metals n= "Sst appieton and enronmenal mp Enon Prog. 13 285-290,