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2 authors:
M. V. Rane
Venkatarama Venugopal
6 PUBLICATIONS 78 CITATIONS
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Hydrometallurgy 84 (2006) 54 59
www.elsevier.com/locate/hydromet
Received 28 February 2006; received in revised form 21 April 2006; accepted 25 April 2006
Available online 19 June 2006
Abstract
The extraction behaviour of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) was studied with LIX84 I (2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime) in HCl
medium. The distribution ratios of Pd(II) with LIX 84I are sufficiently high to extract Pd(II) from 0.1 M HCl medium. The Pd-LIX
84I complex has been identified with slope and saturation loading methods. Some thermodynamic values like G, H and S for
the Pd-LIX 84I have been determined. The extraction of Pt(IV) with LIX 84I was poor from hydrochloric solutions. However, Pt
(IV) was extracted from ammoniacal solutions. The back extraction of Pd(II) was carried out using 6 M HCl and Pt(IV) using 1 M
SnCl2 in 3 M HCl. Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were separated from common impurities like Fe(III), Al(III), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) using
LIX 84I. The recoveries of palladium and platinum were 97% and 86%, respectively.
2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Palladium; Platinum; LIX 84I; Solvent extraction
1. Introduction
Solvent extraction is one of the methods for the
separation and purification of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from
acidic solutions. One of the commercial applications
was the extraction of Pd(II) using di-(n-octyl) sulphide
(DOS) in Esso Isopar M (Edwards, 1979). Pd(II) has
also been extracted with hydroxyoxime extractants
(Cleare et al., 1979, 1981; Ma and Freiser, 1983; Hoh
et al., 1984; Inoue and Maruuchi, 1986) and alkylated
derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline like Kelex 100 and
LIX 26 (Demopoulos, 1986).
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Table 1
Effect of feed pH on % extraction of Pd(II) with LIX 84I
Sr. no.
Feed pH
Equilibrium pH
% Extraction
1
2
3
4
5
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
1.0
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.7
30
65
94
97
72a
57
PdCl2
4 2HLPdL2 4Cl 2H
Table 2
Effect of diluents on the extraction of Pd(II) with LIX 84I
Sr.
no.
Feed
pH
Distribution ratio, D
Benzene
Toluene
Xylene
Dodecane
1
2
3
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.12
0.18
0.29
0.18
0.23
0.34
0.22
0.36
0.46
0.43
1.8
16
Temperature (C)
Distribution ratio, D
Keq
G (kJ/mol)
30
35
40
45
50
0.67
1.1
1.6
2.4
3.3
12.0
32.6
85.0
218
539
6.33
9.00
11.6
14.3
17.0
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Table 4
% Extraction in each extractionstrippingregeneration cycles
Pd extracted (g/l)
% Extraction
Table 6
Separation of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) using 0.015 M LIX 84I
Cycle
1
Cycle
2
Cycle
3
Cycle
4
Cycle
5
Cycle
6
1.04
54.74
1.02
53.68
1.05
55.26
1.03
54.21
1.03
54.21
1.01
53.16
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Pt(aq) (g/l)
Pt(org) (g/l)
Distribution
ratio, D
0.97
<0.01
<0.01
0.97
<0.01
<0.01
0.97
<0.01
<0.01
0.97
<0.01
<0.01
0.97
<0.01
<0.01
0.90
0.07
0.08
0.38
0.59
1.5
Sr.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
Distribution
ratio, D
Separation factor
= DPd(II)/DPt(IV)
Pd(II)
Pt(IV)
Pd(II)
Pt(IV)
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
16
12
8.3
4.1
2.4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
400
300
208
102
60
Pt(IV) Cu(II)
Strip 1 <0.005 ND
Strip 2 1.61 ND
Strip 3 <0.005 ND
Strip 4 <0.005 1.43
Ni(II)
Zn(II)
Fe(III)
Al(III)
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