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1 .
2 .
3 .

4 .

Nanotechnology


() .

:Nano

:
= 9-10 .


80000

2000.
4

2-10

10

3-

10

6-

10

9-

1:1:1

" "

2:1:1


2.5

1000

1000

2.5

100000
10

DNA 2.5

2.5

100000

100

DNA

2.5

2.5

1
10
10

:Nanotechnology

( )R.Feynman


( )100-1

3:1:1

1959

:
: .
:
-1 .
-2 .

( = + ).

-3
.
-4 ( )2 ( )3


-5
( ).

-6 :
( ).

-7 ( )32 ( )6
6

()1 ()6 2
()05 ( )8 ( )6
(12=860505 )2

. .
.

: .

2000

( )1 .


P
.
.

( )100-1
.
.

:
.

.
1
4
5

3
6

:
1 Nanodevices

4
.

5
.

1998


()Delft

.

Omega3


.
10

Omega3


( )250

11

4:1:1
- " "

.

1

.
.



(.)Lotus Effect
12

5:1:1

" "

.
2

.

3

13

6:1:1
( )5-3

7:1:1


- .

8:1:1

14


50 ()Chevalier
- 1808

.
35

(.)MIT Technology

170

. 36

"

".

.
.

. 150

200 .


.
50-

500


"

".

15

1
2 .
3 .

16


Seawaters Desalination Technology


%97
%3 .

17

.
.

18

:
.


45-40 /

1000-500/
(.)WHO

1:2:1
" " .

()


.
19


( : )
.

2:2:1
.
20

H2O

H 2O

3:2:1
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21

:
:

: ( ) ....

-1 : .

-2 :

-3 : ( PH )

22



( )
( )PH

4:2:1

() 1999.

23

5:2:1


24

.
:

-1 .%75

-2

-3

130 .%40

( )Okeanos Technologies

50


.
25


1
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .

26


1
-1 ..................
-2 .............. .
-3 .............
-4 ...................
-5 .........................
-6 ............ ............
-7 ...... .
-8 .... .....
2 :
-1 .
-2 .
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-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
3 :

27

28


1 .
2 .
3 .

29

:
:Program

:Programming

.
30

... ...
1945 Z3
1950
. 1960
1970

. 1980 C++

1990 .




31

( )

Assembly Language
Fortran and BASIC
COBOL
Pascal & C

C++ and Java

PROLOG

PERL

HTML PHP
Android iOS

( )100-1

32

1:1:2

.

(Software Development Life Cycle )SDLC


:
-1

-2

i
.

Problem Solving
. Systems Analysis

:
-1 .

-2.

-3 .
-4.

-5.

33

2:1:2

.

-1 .

-2


1 Systems & Requirements Analysis


.
:

:
.
.
.

34

2 Design

3 Implementation


.
4 Testing
:
:
.

:

.

35

5 Maintenance

3:1:2


1 .
2
3

36

850-780
Algorithm
.

Algorithms

.

.
.

37

()1
.
:
-1 (
).

-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .

()2

3
3 .
:
-1.
-2 .

-3 3.
-4 3

-5 ( .)3 (.)6

-6 ( )2
(.)7

-7.

38

()3

:

-1
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-3 ()

-4 = /

-5 = * 100

100

-6 %

"" %

-7

39

()4
:
:
1

().

10

11

"" . 10

12

"" .

13

14

40

Flow Charts


Start

Terminal ()Start
( )Stop

Stop

LET
X+Y

()Process

/ INPUT/ OUTPUT
/

Decision

PRINT
I

INPUT
X,Y

YES

y= x


Flow Line

For
J=1to5

Loop

41

NO



X
.

() Loop

( )1( .)2

( )1( )2 .A ( )1 A

. ( )2 A
.

()1

( )A

42

()2
( )A

( )2 :

()2

1:2:2

( .)0

43


500 2

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .

:
.

44

( )BASIC ( )DOS

( )Windows :


:
( start)

Programs
Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0
Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0
(.)1

( :)1

( )Visual Basic 6.0 ( )2 :


-

-
-

( )standard.exe
(.)open

(.)3

( :)2

45

VB ( )Form
(. )Project

(:)3 .



1:3:2

(:)4

-1 VB .
-2 Save Project As:
(.)3

File

-3 .
(.)4
-4
46

:
( )Form1
( )5

R????
.
( :)5

5 :
-1 ()Text1Text5
( )Text6 (.)6
( )Form1
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( )Form1 (
) .
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( :)7


.
47

:
:


R????

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( :)8

()Label1 properties( .)8

captionR???? label1 .

(.)9

Text Text1
( )10


(.)11

( :)10

( :)11

0
Text

48

:
( ):
1 .
R????

2 .
3 .
4 .

(. )12

()12

( )click ( )command1

()....Private Sub ()....End Sub


.

:Visual Basic
1 :

(M1 = Val)Text1.Text

(M2 = Val)Text2.Text
(M3 = Val)Text3.Text
(M4 = Val)Text4.Tex

(M5 = Val)Text5.Text

( :)13

. Sum = M1 + M2 + M3 + M4 + M5

3 . Av = Sum /5
4 Av = Text6.Text :

49

: :
:

()14

( )Start (.)Run
-
R????

- (.)F5

( )14

(.)15

( :)15

( )Syntax Error

()1
:
%20 %30 %50

X
Y
Z
W

X = 2000 , Y = 10000 , Z = 50000 ,W=80000

50

:
:

- 1 XYZW :

- 2 T=W-)X+Y+Z(:

-3 :
:

M=0.20 x T
S=0.30 x T
A=0.50 x T

-4 MSA :

-1 4 (
) 3

-2 7 .

-3 (.)16
( :)16

(.)17

(.)18

.
(:)17

(:)18

51

()2

.

.
:
: .
: :

: :

Command1 :
Label1.Caption = Rnd

: ( )Click ( )Command1
(.)Label1

: .

7.055475 70.55475 .7055475


Label1.Caption = Rnd * 100 \ 10 : .


52


: .

:
1 :

R????

( )....
:

)Integer( - .1975 :

)Double(- .15.6 :
:
2

( )String

.M3100$

3 :

( )True (.)False

( ) ( )Dim:
R????

Dim Name As String


Dim Count As Integer
Dim Length As double
Dim Total As Integer
Dim Check As Boolean

53

= Variable = Value : ( )String :

(Count=15 Name=Ali M=Val)text1.text

+
-

^
/

Division

&

3+4
6-2

2^4

16

4*3
12 / 4

12

Substraction
Exponential

Mod

Addition

Multiplication
Modulus


Integer Division
String concatenation

15 Mod 4

19 \ 4

Visual & Basic

Visual Basic

VB

:
Text1.Text=firstName
Text 2 .Text=secondName
Your Name = firstName & secondName
)num1=val(Text3.Text
)num2=val(Text4.Text
)num3=num1*(num2^3
num4=num3 Mod 2
num5=num4\num1
Total=num1+num2+num3+num4+num5
Average =Total/5
54


1 :
x2 + 3 x - 5
x 3 +10
)x - 1( )x+ 3 (2
x 5 .y
x .5

2 ()
. F = 9 C + 32 :
5

55


1 :
- .

-.

2 :
- .
- .
- .
3 (:)VB
-

(3) x+a
b

y= x2+ 1

4 :

=y


25

20

5 :

- .
- .
- .

x>0

y= 2x +1

y= x+5

-
( )-3 2 0=x
y

56

x=0

y= 2x2-1

57


( )Digital


1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .

58

59

1:1:3

:

.
.

LED
.

( 9)

BC548


220

3.3K

100
4.7

60

:

:

( )Shockley ( )Brattain ()Bardeen


1956 .
.

2:1:3

61

3:1:3
:

()

()
( )DMM

()

( )LED
:

1K

100K

10K

500K


() :


- ( )LED .

.62

1M

:Analog World

:
30 31 .

24
:

: .

( )Amplifier

( )Microphone

63

4:1:3

:
:

(.)MP3 PC - .)8 - 4 (

.)LM386( IC - .10K

- .10K 10

.1000F/25v470F/25v 0.1F .2 10 F .2- .5V

64

(:)Microphone

(:)Speaker

(: ) LM386 Audio Amp IC



0.5 .9V

( )Data sheet LM386 .

(:)Capacitor

.
()+

. ( )Farad
()F ( )nF (.)F

65

()-

: Digital Electronic
:
" "0 ( )Off " "1 ( )On
() ( )3:1:3 :

66

:
:

5:1:3
() :
:

555 -

16V/ 0.1F - 16V/10 F

470 1K 100K - . 9V

67

555
555

Datasheet

( )Data sheet 555 .


:

( )10 ( )1 ( )0
.

:

.

()Analog

( )Digital

( )Modem:Modulator Demodulator

(.)Modem
68


() ( )3:1:3

1
:

()LED
.
2 :


()

()

= 1 :
= 05 = 2.

() ( )5:1:3 .
3

69

()Digital Logic

(:)Logic
.

70

1:2:3
: -1 .
.5 =3+1 -2
-3 .
-4 += .
-5
- .

( )Boolean Algebra

.
.

71

2:2:3
- 3V

- A

- B

( )
A

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

ON

OFF

ON

ON

( )
F

""( )AND ( ).
A.B=F :
( )AND .
72

: .
:
:

3:2:3
- 3V

- A

- B

( )
A

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

ON

OFF

ON

ON

( )
F

""( )OR ( )+

A+B=F :

73

( )OR .
: .

4:2:3
- 3V

A - :

OFF
ON

" "( )NOT ( )


A = F :

74

( )NOT

(:)Logic Gates

( )AND
( )OR ( )NOT .
:
F
AND

A
B

F
OR

A
B

F
NOT

( )

( )ICs .

5V 1

0V 0
2.5V 1

0.8V .0

75

(F :)AND Gate

A
B

5:2:3
:

- .7408

.7805 .- .9V

pushbutton .2- 1K .6

- OFF ( )0 ON (.)1

76

A
( AND
) B
(
)
F .

( )Truth Table ()

() AND Gate A.B= F :


A B F A and B= F

().

77

( :)OR Gate

A
B

6:2:3
:
- .7432

.7805 - .

- . 9V

push button .2 - 1K .6

:OR

( ) OR Gate 1 .1

() A+B= F: A B F A OR B= F
78

(F :)NOT Gate

7:2:3
:
- .7404

.7805 . .9V push button .1 - 1K .4

:NOT

A

()
2

() NOT Gate 1 0
() A = F : A F NOT A=F

()( ) .
79


1 :
. - .

. 2 : :
1 .
2 .
3 .

.
.

3
.

Alarm

.
.
80

81

1:3:3

:
-1

-2

( )Integrated Circuit IC
.

( )Data sheets .

2:3:3

.


()Jack Kilby

1958

( )chip

2000.

82

4017

555 :

555 ( ) 3

()100K

.

( 4017 )10 0
10 ( ) Q9 Q8 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 0
( .) RESET CLOCK ENABLE

( ) 14 ( )CLOCK . 555

83

4017

( )Data sheet .
.

3:3:3
:

( ) ENABLE 13 ( ) RESET 15
: LEDs

84

ENABLE
0
1
0
1

RESET
0
0
1
1

LEDs

4:3:3
:

:
.

.
85

:
.

.
.
:


LDR


()
7408

5:3:3
:

Vout

5V

470

2N2222

1 k
10 k



0V

86

()10

6:3:3
:

Vout

B
2N2222

5V

470

LDR
A

1 k

()10

10 k

0V

D = 1
B=1

AND

7408

7408
:

87

:
12V

5V

1N4001

5V
2N2222

1 k

7:3:3
.
12V

5V

1N4001
2N2222

5V
2N2222

470

5V

1 k
10 k

1 k



0V


B
2N2222

5V

470

LDR
A

1 k
10 k

7408

88

0V

1
2 .
3 220
( )

4 Q0Q1Q2Q3Q4
Carryout .

89


1 :
6V

555

3M

7
2

5
10n

3M

330

LED LED ( ) 1 LED ( ) 2 2 :


1
2
3



4
NAND 13

3 Carry Out ( )12 ( .) CD4017B


4 Candy Machine
.

90

91

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