Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Epidemiology
The epidemiology will match that of the underlying malignancy (see
below), but as malignancies increase in incidence with increasing
age, so does the presence of pulmonary metastases.
Clinical presentation
Pulmonary metastases are usually asymptomatic, with constitutional
symptoms relating to disseminated metastatic disease and those
attributable to the primary tumour
dominating . Haemoptysis and pneumothorax are sometimes the
presenting symptom.
5
Pathology
Tumour cells reach the lungs via the pulmonary circulation, where
they lodge in small distal vessels.
The most common primaries to result in pulmonary metastases in
adults include :
1,3
breast carcinoma
colorectal carcinoma
uterine leiomyosarcoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
osteosarcoma
Wilm's tumour
Ewing's sarcoma
choriocarcinoma
Ewing sarcoma
malignant melanoma
osteosarcoma
testicular tumours
thyroid carcinoma
colorectal carcinoma
lung cancer
lymphoma
Radiographic features
Pulmonary metastases typically appear as peripheral, rounded
nodules of variable size, scattered throughout both lungs . Atypical
features include consolidation, cavitation, calcification, haemorrhage
and secondary pneumothorax.
1
Plain radiograph
Plain films are insensitive, although frequently able to make the
diagnosis, as often pulmonary metastases are large and numerous.
CT
CT is excellent at visualising pulmonary nodules. Typically
metastases appear of soft tissue attenuation, well circumscribed
rounded lesions, more often in the periphery of the lung. They are
malignant melanoma
osteosarcoma
thyroid carcinoma
trophoblastic disease
malignant melanoma
skeletal sarcoma
testicular carcinoma
adenocarcinomas in general
1,3
MRI
Although not used routinely, MRI may be as sensitive in the
detection of pulmonary metastases as CT .
2,4
Complications
Tumours with prominent necrosis located near a pleural surface may
result in a pneumothorax. Osteosarcoma is classically described as
the pulmonary metastasis that results in pneumothorax. Another
cause of pneumothoraces include cystic or cavitatory pulmonary
metastases.
Differential diagnosis
The differential depends on the number of nodules/masses and their
imaging characteristics.
Related articles
Lung cancer
preinvasive lesions[+]
benign neoplasms[+]
pulmonary metastases
cannonball metastases
metastasis paru
Dr Zishan Sheikh dan A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al.
metastasis paru yang umum dan hasil dari penyebaran metastasis ke paruparu dari berbagai tumor dan dapat menyebar melalui darah atau limfatik.
Artikel ini adalah tentang dengan metastasis paru hematogen dengan
limfangitis karsinomatosis dibahas secara terpisah.
Epidemiologi
epidemiologi yang akan cocok bahwa dari keganasan (lihat di bawah),
tetapi sebagai keganasan peningkatan insiden dengan bertambahnya usia,
demikian juga kehadiran metastasis paru.
Presentasi klinis
metastasis paru biasanya tanpa gejala, dengan gejala konstitusional yang
berkaitan dengan penyakit metastasis disebarluaskan dan mereka
disebabkan oleh tumor primer mendominasi 5. Hemoptisis dan
pneumotoraks kadang-kadang merupakan gejala yang.
Patologi
Sel tumor mencapai paru-paru melalui sirkulasi paru-paru, di mana mereka
menginap di pembuluh distal kecil.
Primary yang paling umum untuk menghasilkan metastasis paru pada
orang dewasa meliputi 1,3:
karsinoma payudara
karsinoma kolorektal
karsinoma sel ginjal
leiomyosarcoma rahim