METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING 18 Metallurgical Thermodynamics Laboratory “PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUME” Determination of Partial Molar Volume through Pycnometry 1. PRELAB QUESTIONS 1, What is a Partial Molar Quantity? 2. Fone (1) mole of water is added to a solution of pure water, a certain volumetric change is expected. Ifthe same (1) mole of water is added to another solution, say ethanol, would the same volumetric change be observed? Explain, 3. What are the working equation/s for Partial Molar Volume (PMV) experiments? Hint: These variables are used: ‘= partial molar volume = apparent molar volume m= molality n= number of moles 4, What is a pycnometer, what does it measure and how is it used? ll, MATERIALS 25-mL Weld (Stopper) Type Pycnometer _—Pipette and Aspirator Thermometer Reagent-grade NaCl Water Bath Distiled water Analytical Balance Acetone Five (6) 200-mL volumetric flasks Lint-free wipes Wl PROCEDURE? ‘Some points regarding the Pycnometer 1. The pycnometer should be thoroughly dried before use. 2. The filing of a Weld-type Pycnometer must be carried out with great care. 3. The temperature of the laboratory must be below the temperature at which the determination is to be made. 4, As the pyonometer codss to room temperature, the liquid column in the capillary will descend. Be careful otto heat the pycnometer with your hands since this will force liquid out of the capillary Solution Preparation 1. Prepare 250mL of 1.5M, 0.75M, 0.375M, 0.1875M and 0.09375M NaC! solutions 2. Solutions can be prepared by successive volumetric dilutions, For each dilution, pipette 125mL of solution into a 250-mL volumetric flask and fill up to the mark with distiled water. 3. Label each flask. Te working equations ar ot mite to these variables alone, cubes to change as necessaryPycnometer Calibration 1. Obtain a pycnometer and rinse it with distilled water. Use an aspirator and dry by suction, Use a few rinses of acetone to expedite drying, 2. Weigh the pycnometer until a weight difference of 20.01 gram is obtained 3. Fill the pycnometer with distiled water and seat the capillary stopper firmly 4, Wipe off excess liquid around the joint and immerse in a water bath just below the cap of the pycnometer. ‘The water bath must be maintained at a constant temperature (must be noted) 5. Allow the pycnometer to reach equilibrium with the water bath (approximately five minutes). Remove from the bath and wipe off excess liquid from the capillary tip, being careful not to draw adcitional liquid out of the capillary. 6. Measure the weight and record, 7. Make three replicates, Experiment Proper 1. Starting with the 1.5M NaCl solution, rinse the calibrated pycnometer with some of the new sample and discard before filing. 2. Fill the pycnometer with the corresponding solution. Follow the same procedures as in the calibration with water, 3. Make three replicates for each of the concentrations of NaCI solution, IV, GUIDE KEYwoRDS* Partial molar volume, 7. Apparent molar volume. Molality, m. Trends and relationships, Sources of error. Applications and recommendations. “or ROR ake note however that ino way oud you discussion belt on hase alone as these are only guide keane hep your tan of ‘ough; exerie solr eegom and creat