BI TP MN LUT BO HIM

CU 1. Ngy 20 thng 2 nm 2012, doanh nghip bo him A v cng ty B k kt hp ng bo

him ti sn. Theo hp ng ny, s kin bo him l chy, n i vi kho hng l vi si thuc s
hu ca B, tr gi theo gi th trng ti thi im 20 thng 2 nm 2012 l 1,2 t ng (khng tnh
gi tr nh kho); thi hn bo him l 6 thng k t ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2012, ph bo him ng
01 ln trc ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2012.
Ngy 01 thng 6 nm 2012, do li v ca ng M (l bo v kho hng) trong vic s dng in nn
kho hng pht chy, ton b ti sn l nh kho v hng trong kho b tiu hy.
Theo kt lun ca gim nh th gi tr hng trong kho tnh theo gi th trng ti thi im 01
thng 6 nm 2012 l 900 triu m khng phi l 1,2 t nh trong hp ng bo him. Doanh nghip
bo him A khng chp nhn bi thng cho cng ty B, vin dn l do: Gi tr hng trong kho gim
gi nhng bn mua bo him khng cung cp thng tin ny cho doanh nghip bo him, tc l c
hnh vi vi phm ngha v cung cp thng tin, c trc li theo Lut kinh doanh bo him.
Anh Ch hy cho bit:
a) Trong tnh hung trn, vic doanh nghip bo him A vin dn cc l do t chi bi
thng c s php l khng? V sao?
b) Nu l nh t vn php lut trong vic k kt v thc hin hp ng bo him cho Cng ty
B, Anh/ Ch ch n ni dung no? V sao?
CU 2. ng A mua bo him TNDS cho chic xe gn my ca mnh ti DNBH B, ngy giao kt
hp ng bo him l ngy 2/1/2009, thi hn hp ng l 1 nm. Ph bo him ng A phi
ng l 55.000. s tin bo him xc nh nh sau:
- i vi ngi l 70tr/1ngi/v.
- i vi ti sn l 40tr/v.
Ngy 20/2/2009, ng A iu khin xe trn ng v tng phi ng C gy thit hi cho ng C
nh sau:
- Tin cha bnh do tai nn 10tr ng.
- Chi ph sa cha chic xe b h hng l 12tr ng.
yu cu:
S tin m DNBH phi chi tr cho trng hp trn l bao nhiu? V sao?
Ai l ngi c hng s tin trn? V sao?
Hp ng bo him trn cn pht sinh hiu lc khng? V sao?
Tnh hung m rng:
Nu khng phi ng A l ngi khin xe m ng A cho ng D mn th DNBH
c phi tr tin bo him khng? V sao?
Gi s chi ph cha bnh ca ng C l 35tr v chic xe b h hng ton b vi
gi tr 45tr th s tin m DNBH phi chi tr trong tnh hung trn l bao
nhiu? V sao?
1

CU 3. ng A mua bh chy cho cn nh ca mnh ti doanh nghip bo him B , ngy giao

kt hp ng l ngy 2/10/2010, thi hn hp ng l 1 nm, gi tr cn nh ti thi im
bo him l 500 tr ng. ph bo him m ng a phi tr l 0,5% trn gi tr cn nh(ng A
mua bo him ton b gi tr cn nh).
Ngy 2/2/2011, A xch mch vi hng xm l ng C nn ng C t nh ca ng A. Tuy
nhin v pht hin kp thi nn thit hi ca cn nh ch mt 20% gi tr. Ngay sau khi thit hi xy
ra, ng A hon tt th tc h s gi n doanh nghip bo him B bi thng thit hi.
Hi:
Doanh nghip bo him c phi bi thng thit hi cho ng A khng? V sao?
S tin m doanh nghip bo him phi bi thng (nu ng A c bi
thng) l bao nhiu? V sao?
Hp ng trn vn tip tc c hiu lc hay chm dc hiu lc php l k t
thi im DNBH B hon tt th tc bi thng? v sao?
Tnh hung m rng.
Cng trng hp trn nhng nu cn nh b tn tht ton b th s tin bi
thng c xc nh l bao nhiu? V sao?
Sau khi doanh nghip bo him bi thng ton b gi tr cn nh th hp
ng bo him cn hiu lc php l hay khng? V sao?

Cu 4: ng A va mua 01 chic t Toyota loi 4 ch ngi, ng A c th tham gia nhng

loi hnh bo him no lin quan n ti sn ny? Anh ch hy xc nh c th.
Trng hp xe trn l thuc din xe c gii nc ngoi tm nhp vo lnh th Vit Nam vi
thi hn 6 thng c tham gia giao thng trn lnh th Vit Nam th c trch nhim tham gia BH
c xc nh nh th no?
Cu 5: ng B s hu 01 xe t Toyota, nm sn xut 2008 (xe mi c gi tr l 5 t ng),
nm 2012 ng B mua BH i vi ton b gi tr ca xe ny, DNBH xc nh t l khu hao l 10%/
nm. Anh ch hy xc nh gi tr BH?
Cu 6: nm 2010 ng C mua ton b gi tr xe t Ford loi 7 ch ngi do ng lm ch s
hu, ng s dng xe c 5 nm. Anh ch hy xc nh s tin Bh ti a trong HBH ny? Bit
rng DNBH xc nh t l khu hao l 5%/nm, gi tr thc t ca xe vo thi im giao kt HBH
l 800 triu ng.
Cu 7: ng D c mua t gi 800 triu ng, mua BH vi STBH l 400 triu, tn tht thc
t l 200 triu. Anh ch hy xc nh s tin bi thng m ng D c th nhn t DNBH?
Cu 8: Xe X c gi tr l 800 triu, ch xe tham gia ton b theo gi tr thc t, trong thi
hn bo him xe b tai nn. Thit hi c th tnh theo chi ph sa cha nh sau:
-

Thn v: 180 tr.

ng c: 80 tr.
2

Anh chi hy xc nh s tin bi thng m DNBH phi chi tr? Bit rng theo bng t l
gi tr tng thnh xe DNBH quy nh t l tng thnh thn v l 50%, t l tng thnh ng c l
15%.
CU 9. Xe A gi thc t 300tr, tham gia BH ton b ti cng ty BH X. Theo quy nh ca
cng ty, ch c coi l tn tht ton b c tnh khi thit hi >= 80% gi tr thc t ca xe tnh
theo bng t l cu thnh xe. Gi tr thit hi tnh theo chi ph sa cha nh sau:
+ Thn v: thit hi 100% = 150 tr
+ ng c: thit hi 100% = 60 tr
+ Hp s: thit hi 100% = 35 tr
Nhng bng t l tng thnh xe nh sau:
+ Thn v: 53,5%
+ ng c: 17%
+ Hp s: 10%
- Hy xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca X (2 im)
CU 10. Cui thng 5/2004 xe t A c gi thc t 300tr tham gia BH ton b vi s tin bo
him 300tr ti cng ty BH B. u thng 8/2004 xe b tai nn b tn tht ton b. Khi tham gia
BH xe s dng c 5 nm. T l khu hao 5%/nm.
- Xc nh s tin bi thng ca B, bit rng cc bn tha thun ch bi thng ton b
tn tht (3 im)
CU 11. ng A s hu xe t tr gi 600tr ng. A tham gia bo him ti cng ty bo him X
theo gi tr thc t ca xe. Trong thi hn bo him, xe b thit hi tnh theo chi ph sa cha
nh sau:
- Thn v: 150tr
- ng c: 100tr
Theo bng t l gi tr tng thnh xe, DNBH quy nh t l tng thnh thn v l 40%, t l tng
thnh ng c l 15% gi tr xe. Hi:
- Xc nh ngi mua bo him, ngi c bo him, ngi th hng.
- Xc nh mc trch nhim bi thng ca doanh nghip X, bit rng cc bn tha thun p
dng ch bi thng tn tht b phn bng t l gi tr tng thnh xe.
TRANH CHP V BO HIM
V th nht: ng V Thnh Tm l ngi ng tn ng k quyn s hu tu BV.3854/TS.
Ngy 15/11/2002 k hp ng bo him s 144/02B364 vi cng ty Bo Minh nhm bo him
ti sn cho chic tu ni trn. Ni dung mua bo him phn v tu l 180.000.000 ng, bo him
phn my tu tr gi 20.000.000 ng, ph bo him ca mt nm l 5.988.220 ng, thi gian bo
him t ngy 15/11/2002 n ngy 14/11/2003, ph bo him c bn mua bo him ng
xong.
Theo trnh by ca i din ch tu, ngy 8/01/2003 tu BV.3854/TI SN ang i nh bt,
cch bin Long Hi 150 hi l th b sng ln nh p tu nn tu b chm. Khi s vic xy ra, gia
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nh ch tu c n bo n bin phng 500 Long Hi, UBND th trn Long Hi, i thu v trm
bo him c chi nhnh li Long Hi (tnh B Ra Vng Tu). Ngy 15/01/2003 ng Tm c iu ty
BV.5472/TI SN n ko tu BV.3854/TS v o Cn Sn, nhng ang i trn bin th b t dy
ko, ng Tm cho th ln xung tho c my ty cn thn tu b chm mt.
Pha Cng ty Bo Minh trnh by, khi s vic xy ra, ng Tm c bo cho Bo Minh v cng ty c
c cn b xung gp ng Tm hng dn lm cc th tc khai bo vi c quan chc nng nhng
ng Tm khng thc hin. ng Tm khai bo, tu b chm ton b, khng trc vt c g v
ng Tm cng khng ch c a im tu b chm nn ph bo him khng c cn c gim
nh v chng minh tn tht thc t. Ngoi ra, Bo Minh cn cho rng, cng ty nhiu ln yu cu
ch tu cung cp a ch ca thuyn trng v cc thuyn vin xc minh nhng ch tu u
khng cung cp c. i din ca Bo Minh cho rng, ng Tm vi phm im a,b iu 13;
im 3,4,5,6 iu 18 quy c bo him tu c. Quan im ca Bo Minh ti phin ta l khc t
bi thng cho ng Tm v cc l do:
-

C gian di, khai bo khng trung thc.

Khng hp tc vi Bo Minh cung cp nhn chng.
Khng chng minh c tn tht.
Khng nguyn hin trng gim nh.
T hy hoi ti sn khi cha c gim nh v cha c s ng ca Bo Minh.

Ti bn n dn s s thm s 22/DSST ngy 29/06/2004 ca Ta n nhn dn thnh ph Vng

Tu tuyn x: buc cng ty bo him tp HCM bi thng cho ch hp ng bo him, ng
V Thnh Tm 180.000.000 ng. Ngoi ra, bn n cn tuyn v vic chm thi hnh n phi
chu li sut n qu hn v n ph.
Ngy 08/07/2004, cng ty Bo Minh tp HCM c n khng ngh yu cu Ta phc thm xt x
li v n theo hng: Bc b quyt nh ca Ta n nhn dn thnh ph Vng Tu buc Bo
Minh bi thng 180.000.000 ng cho ng V Thnh Tm v xc nh phn n ph m Bo
Minh phi chu.
Ti phin ta phc thm, Hi ng xt x nhn nh:
Ngy 08/01/2003 tu BV.3854/TS ang i nh bt hi sn b sng nh chm cch b bin
Long Hi khong 150 hi l l ng s tht khch quan. c cn c kt lun: nguyn nhn
tu BV.3854/TS b v v chm l do iu kin khch quan, tu nh c gp phi bin ng cp 5,
cp 6 lm sng nh tu chm. Khi tu b chm, ch tu khai bo vi UBND th trn Long
Hi, n bin phng Long Hi, chi nhnh Bo Minh tnh B Ra Vng Tu. ng thi, khi tu
chm, ng Tm cho trc vt tu nhng khng c kt qu m ch tho c my tu, vic ng
Tm ch yu cu Bo Minh bi thng phn thn tu l hp l. Hn na, tai nn xy ra trong
thi gian ch tu mua bo him ti Bo Minh nn bn n dn s phc thm tuyn x Bo
Minh phi bi thng phn thit hi thn tu l c c s. Chnh v nhng l do nu trn m Hi
ng xt x phc thm quyt nh bc khng co ca Bo Minh, gi nguyn bn n s thm.

Khng ng vi quyt nh ca bn n s thm v phc thm, ngy 12/10/2004, cng ty bo

him tp HCM lm n khiu ni gi Chnh n, Ph chnh n Ta n nhn dn ti cao, Vin
trng, Ph vin trng vin kim sot nhn dn ti cao xem xt li bn n theo th tc Gim
c thm. Trong n khiu ni, Bo Minh trnh by nhng l do t chi bi thng bo him
bao gm:
-

S chng nhn tu c s 1596 ca Chi cc bo v ngun li thy sn tnh B Ra Vng Tu

cp ngy 24/10/2002 th hin tu BV.3854/TS ca ch tu V Thnh Tm c my tu loi
KOBUTA, trong cc chng t ng thu cng th hin l my loi KOBUTA. Tuy nhin
trong giy yu cu bo him ca ch tu ngy 15/11/2002 th hin my tu loi DAIYA.
Trong n khai bo tai nn tu c ngy 17/01/2003 c n bin phng xc nhn vic
khai bo cng ngy, ch tu khai mt ton b chic tu, vn ny cng c ch tu th
hin trong cc chng t khc. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, theo xc minh, Bo Minh chng
minh c ch tu (v ch tu cng xc nhn) tho g my trc ngy khai bo tai nn v
em bn.
Vic tho g my tu di bin (theo khai bo l trong tnh trng sng to, gi ln) kh hn
nhiu ln so vi vic ko tu (my tu nng 600 700 kg, c gn cht vi thn tu ti mt
v tr chc chn nht ca tu, c ni vi rt nhiu chi tit trong tu, vic g my tu ng
ngha vi vic ph hy thn tu).
Bng vic g my tu, thc hin vic bn my ri khai bo tn tht ton b (khi cha c
kin ca c quan chc nng v bn bo him), Bo Minh cho rng ch tu c phi tang vt
chng, ng thi li mun thu hi gi tr thng qua bo him. C th my tu hiu DAIYA
t hn my tu hi KOBUTA (iu ny chng t rng, my tu c bo him theo gi cao
hn so vi gi thc t).
Ch tu khng chng minh c l tu b tai nn v khng c xc tu, my tu mc d khai
bo l c tho c v a ra o Cn Sn, tuy nhin li khng trnh my tu cho bo him.
Ch tu khng c xc nhn ca cc c quan qun l nh nc chng minh con tu d b tn
tht ton b, tt c ch l khai bo ca ch tu v ca nhng ngi c quyn li lin quan n
ch tu.
Ch tu khng cung cp y cc nhn chng cc c quan chc nng v bo him iu
tra lm r, mc d Bo Minh nhiu ln yu cu, dn n khng c bt k kt lun ca cc
c quan chc nng v v vic. Trong khi , vic khai bo v cung cp nhn chng l trch
nhim ca ch tu.

T nhng nhn nh trn, Bo Minh cho rng, ch tu vi phm nghim trng B lut Dn s
( im 1 - iu 577, iu 578, im 1 iu 579), vi phm B lut hng hi ( im 1 iu
220, iu 22, iu 224), vi phm lut kinh doanh bo him (khon b, d, im 2 iu 18, iu
51, v quy tc bo him ca Bo Minh (iu 3, khon 2,3; iu 6, iu 8, iu 13). Theo Bo
Minh, Ta n nhn dn tnh B Ra Vng Tu p dng khng ng iu 575 v khon 1
iu 580 B lut Dn s buc Bo Minh phi bi thng cho ch tu m khng xem xt n
cc iu khon khc trong B lut Dn s, khng xt n cc B lut lin quan khc, khng xt
n cc Quy tc bo him c bo v bi lut php l khng cng bng v khng thuyt phc.
Mc d Bo Minh a ra nhng bng chng v lp lun kh r rng t chi bi thng,
nhng bn n trn b t chi xt x li theo hng Gim c thm.
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V th hai: ngy 15/11/1998 cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau k hp ng

kinh t s 41/HKT vi trung tm nghin cu vt liu Polymer thuc trng i hc Bch
Khoa tp HCM vi ni dung Cng ty t hng Trung tm ch to hai v tu nh bt c bng vt
liu composite v lp t cc trang thit b my mc cho con tu, gi tr ca mt con tu l
1.095.000.000 ng, thi hn quy nh thc hin hp ng l 6 thng. Qu trnh thc hin,
Trung tm nghin cu vt liu Polymer giao xong mt con tu, n khi bn giao con tu th
hai c s ng kim l 0612 th c s c xy ra. Do trn ng i t ni xut xng n a
im bn giao con tu c quy nh trong iu 5 l Ct L - Vng Tu vo ngy 05/02/2002
th con tu gp phi tai nn do vng phi cn ct, b nght du ri b sng x y va vo bi
ngm dn n con tu b rn v ti mi K G Bnh Thun. V s c ny m con tu khng
n c a im bn giao theo quy nh. Khi s c xy ra, Cng ty thng bo cho Trung tm
nghin cu vt liu Polymer cng khc phc s c, trc vt con tu khi ni b nn. Tuy
nhin, pha trung tm cho rng, hp ng thanh l, tu bn giao nn trung tm khng cn
b rng buc trch nhim na. chng minh khng cn b rng buc trch nhim, ti ta,
Trung tm nghin cu vt liu Polymer cho rng, trung tm thc hin ng v y cc
iu khon k kt trong hp ng, khng ch giao mt con tu m con tu th hai cng
c trung tm lm xong, nghim thu v bn giao xong vo ngy 08/06/2001 vi y cc
thnh phn tham gia k nhn. T c s nghim thu, bn giao, i bn k hp ng thanh l s
41/TLH vo ngy 28/09/2001. Ti bin bn thanh l th hin r, bn A l cng ty cn phi
thanh ton cho bn B l trung tm s tin 655.750.000 ng. thi gian thanh ton chm nht n
ngy 12/10/2001. Trung tm khng cho tu 0162 xut bn m gi li Vnh Cam Ranh. Ngay
sau khi k bin bn nghim thu v bn giao ti Cam Ranh, Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy
sn C Mau c ngi ca cng ty, c th l thuyn trng L Trng Sn v my trng
Nguyn Vn H n tip nhn v qun l con tu. T vic chm thanh ton tin, Trung tm
gi nhiu cng vn nhc Cng Ty Thy sn C Mau tr tin nhng cng ty ni ra l do nhm
mc ch xin gim bt s tin cn thiu. Ngy 08/11/20001, do qu bc xc v tnh hnh ti
chnh nn trung tm gi cng vn s 64/2001/CV-Pol cho Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v
Thy sn C Mau ng gim s tin 55.570.000 ng, s tin 600.000.000 ng cn li cng
ty phi chuyn tr cho trung tm, sau khi nhn tin, trong thi hn 4 ngy trung tm s giao
tu 0162 ti Vng Tu. Theo trung tm th y chng qua l gii php tnh th thu hi vn,
cn v mt php l v trn thc t, nh trnh by th con tu c bn giao t ngy
08/06/2001. V vy, sau khi trung tm nhn tin theo phiu y nhim chi ngy 31/01/2002
ca Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau th sau 4 ngy, tc 05/02/2002 trung tm
cho tu ri cng Cam Ranh, khi tu ri cng, cng ty c c hai nhn vin i p ti v h ch l
nhn vin nn khng c kh nng i bin. Vic iu hnh v vn hnh con tu do thuyn trng
L Trng Sn v my trng Nguyn Vn H ( ngi ca Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy
sn C Mau) m nhim. Trn ng i gp tai nn l do ngi cuat Cng ty Khai thc v Dch
v Thy sn C Mau thc hin. Tm li, theo quan im ca trung tm th h hon ton khng
c li trong vic con tu b nn, con hp ng ch to v tu v lp t my tu theo hp ng
kinh t s 41 ngy 15/11/1998 coi nh hon tt xong, do vy, trung tm khng cn trch
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nhim trong vic con tu b thit hi. Tuy nhin, ti phin ta, i din trung tm c ngh ta
quan tm n hp ng bo him m trung tm mua bo him cho con tu 0162 khi xut bn
khi vnh Cam Ranh, hp ng bo him ny l do trch nhim v lng tm ca trung tm mua
gip cho Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau. Theo nh trung tm trnh by, vic
Cng ty bo him Nh Rng t chi bi thng l khng hp l. V vy, ti phin ta s
thm, trung tm ngh ta gii quyt hp ng mua bo him cho con tu 0162, qua buc
Cng ty bo him Nh Rng phi bi thng tn tht ton b 100% gi tr ca con tu theo nh
hp ng bo him s 7LA241/008/2002 ti chi nhnh Bo Long Khnh Ha.
i in cng ty Bo Long cho bit, s d, cng ty t chi bi thng bo him cho tn tht ca
tu 0162 v 2 l do c bn:
Th nht, ti thi im giao kt hp ng bo him. Trung tm nghin cu vt liu Polymer
khng h thng bo cho doanh nghip bo him biets l h mua bo him thay cho Cng ty
Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau, v vy, h vi phm v ngha v cung cp thng tin
theo quy nh ca B lut dn s v Lut kinh doanh bo him.
Th hai, pha Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau vi phm v s ngi iu
khin tu, vic ch tu b tr hai thuyn vin l khng ph hp vi khung nh bin an ton ti
thiu cho tu bin Vit Nam c quy nh ti Quyt nh s 1581/1999/Q BGTVT ngy
30/06/1999 ca B trng B Giao Thng vn ti. Theo quyt nh trn, khung nh bin an
ton ti thiu cho loi tu t 50GT n 100GT l 7 ngi.
Sau khi phn tch cc mi quan h v din tin ca v n, Hi ng xt x bc yu cu ca
Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau i Trung tm nghin cu vt liu Polymer phi
chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht do tu 0162 b chm v cho rng, hp ng ng tu
c thanh l, pha trung tm chuyn giao quyn s hu sang cho Cng ty trc khi tu b
m. Tuy nhin, Hi ng xt x li tuyn x, Cng ty bo him Nh Rng phi c trch nhim
bi thng bo him cho Cng ty Khai thc v Dch v Thy sn C Mau theo hp ng bo
him giao kt gia trung tm nghin cu vt liu Polymer v cng ty bo him Nh Rng.
Theo Hi ng xt x, hp ng pht sinh hiu lc php l v nhng l do cng ty bo him
Bo Long a ra t chi bo him l cha thuyt phc.

V th 3: Cng ty trch nhim hu hn sn xut v thng mi Khi Thnh c tr s ti

C2/1 ng E2, khu cng nghip Vnh Lc, huyn Bnh Chnh, tp H Ch Minh k hp ng
ha hon v ri ro c bit cho ton b nh xng ca cng ty ti doanh nghip bo him PTI.
S tin bo him l 15 t ng, bao gm cc hng mc: Nh xng tr gi 5 t ng, my mc
thit b tr gi 6 t ng, hng ha trong kho tr gi 4 t ng. Cng ty bo him PTI cp giy
chng nhn bo him ( hp ng bo him s 0004/HD/DA/6.1/2003) c hiu lc t ngy
24/10/2003 n ngy 23/10/2004 vi mc ph bo him l 27 triu ng. Km theo hp ng l
n tiu chun v bo him v ri ro c im v thng bo thu ph s 030027. Ti thi im
c cp giy chng nhn bo him, cng ty Khi Thnh cha tin hnh ng ph bo him.
7

Sau khi cp giy chng nhn bo him cho cng ty Khi Thnh, cng ty bo him PTI gi
thoog bo yu cu ng ph bo him. Tuy nhin, cng ty Khi Thnh khng thanh ton ph
bo him theo thng bo ca PTI. Bn gi sau khi nh my xy ra ha hon vo ngy
16/01/2004, v ca gim c cng ty Khi Thnh l b L Vin Chinh n np ph bo him m
khng thng bo cho PTI v v ha hon. B cng yu cu k ton vin ca PTI ghi li ha n
ph bo him v thi im trc khi c v ha hon xy ra, thng tin ny cng c xc nhn
trong cng vn ca cng ty Khi Thnh gi cng ty bo him PTI.
Sau khi ng ph bo him cho PTI, cng ty Khi Thnh yu cu PTI thc hin trch nhim
bi thng bo him theo tha thun trong hp ng. Tuy nhin, PTI t chi bi thng v
cho rng, cng ty Khi Thnh vi phm ngha v ng ph bo him, theo cng ty bo him
PTI th hp ng ch pht sinh hiu lc php l k t thi im ng ph, c ngha rng, trch
nhim bo him ca PTI ch pht sinh sau khi ti sn tn tht.
Cng ty Khi Thnh khng ng vi l do t chi bi thng ca PTI v cho rng, thi hn bt
u bo him v thng bo thu ph l khc nhau (thng bo thu ph ghi thi hn bo him t
ngy 22/07/2003 n 21/07/2004, sai so vi giy chng nhn bo him l ngy 24/10/2003 n
23/10/2004). S vic trn dn n hai bn u qun cc thi hn quy nh trong hp ng.
C th, cng ty Khi Thnh qun khng np ph bo him cn PTI qun khng n c ng
ph bo him v qun khng thng bo chm dt hp ng bo him cho n khi xy ra v chy.
Trong sut thi gian t ngy ht hn np ph bo him cho n khi xy ra v chy, PTI khng c
bt ki phiu thu Ph hoc ha n no gi cho cng ty Khi Thnh. Qu trnh giao kt hp ng,
PTI khng h gii thch cho cng ty Khi Thnh v cc iu kin, iu khon bo him, quyn
v ngha v ca bn mua bo him. Vic chm np ph ca l hon ton do v ch khng h
c yu t gian di nhm mc ch trc li bo him. Cng ty Khi Thnh a ra lp lun:
Th nht, vic chm tr trong vic ng ph l do li s sut ca cng ty trong vic gim st cc
k ton ca mnh v nhn vin k ton cng s sut trong vic thanh ton cc khon ph bo
him ng hn.
Th hai, thc t ph bin ca vic chm thanh ton ph bo him ti Vit Nam l do B lut dn
s v Lut kinh doanh bo him cho php mt thi gian gia hn i vi vic thanh ton ph bo
him.
Th ba, cng ty Khi Thnh vin dn on u ca iu 15, lut kinh doanh bo him cho
rng, trch nhim bo him pht sinh khi hp ng c k kt hoc khi c chng c xc nh
rng, bn bo him chp nhn bo him v bn mua bo him thanh ton ph bo him, h
lp lun rng, ha n thanh ton ph bo him do bn bo him cp chng minh PTI chp
nhn vic ng ph tr hn ca cng ty Khi Thnh.
Th t, v ha hon xy ra nm ngoi tm kim sot ca bn mua bo him, tc l cng ty Khi
Thnh khng h mong mun thit hi xy ra.
Pha cng ty bo him PTI cho rng, theo n tiu chun bo him, thi hn cam kt np ph
bo him l trong vng 15 ngy k t ngy cp giy chng nhn bo him hoc t ngy bt u
8

thi hn bo him. Vic cng ty Khi Thnh np ph bo him vo ngy 16/01/2004 vi phm
vo iu khon cam kt np ph bo him v cn c vo khon 2, iu 23, lut kinh doanh bo
him th hp ng bo him s 0004/HD/02/DL/6.01.2003 ng nhin chm dt hiu lc k
t ngy bn mua bo him vi phm ngha v np ph bo him. Pha PTI khng c trch nhim
phi thng bo cho bn mua bo him v vic chm dt hp ng. Vic cng ty Khi Thnh
khng trung thc trong qu trnh np ph bo him (np sau khi xy ra v chy) c ngha l ti
thi im ng ph, i tng bo him khng cn v thi im pht sinh trch nhim bo him
theo iu 15, lut kinh doanh bo him da trn hai tiu ch l doanh nghip bo him chp
nhn bo him v bn mua bo him ng ph bo him.
Sau khi xem xt din tin v vic, Hi ng xt x ta s thm cho rng c hai bn u c li
trong v vic trn. C th, ph cng ty Khi Thnh vi phm ngha v ng ph, cn cng ty
bo him PTI cng c li trong vic khng nhc nh bn mua bo him ng ph. ng thi, h
cng l ngi c li trong vic ghi thi hn bt u bo him v thng bo thu ph l khc nhau
nn c hai u qun vic thc hin ngha v ng ph. Hn na, theo quy nh ca iu 15, lut
kinh doanh bo him th c hai u c c s. C th, nu chiu theo on u iu 15, lut kinh
doanh bo him th lp lun ca cng ty Khi Thnh l ph hp, nhng nu cn c vo quy nh
ti on sau, iu 15, lut kinh doanh bo him th cng ty bo him PTI cng khng sai. Tuy
nhin, theo Hi ng xt x, vic cng ty bo him PTI chp nhn thu ph sau sau thi hn
ng ph bo him l s tha nhn cho php gia hn ng ph. V vy, mi bn phi chu trch
nhim mt na cho phn thit hi thc t xy ra, c th, ph cng ty bo him PTI phi bi
thng mt na tn tht thc t vi s tin bi thng l 3.765.000.000 (ba t by trm su
mi lm triu ng).
Khng ng vi phn quyt ca Hi ng xt x s thm, c hai bn, cng ty bo him PTI v
cng ty Khi Thnh khng co. Pha cng ty bo him PTI cho rng, Ta s thm a ra
phn quyt khng chnh xc. Nu cn c vo thi im m bn mua bo him ng ph th thy
rng, h c hnh vi trc li khi ti sn tn tht mi tin hnh ng ph bo him. Ngc
li pha cng ty Khi Thnh cho rng, s kin bo him xy ra l khch quan, h khng c to
ra thit hi, vic ta s thm tuyn x cng ty PTI bi thng 50% thit hi thc t l khng
tha ng.
Sau khi xem xt li cc chng c v vic, Ta phc thm ta n nhn dn ti cao ti H Ni cho
rng, cng ty Khi Thnh khng c hnh vi trc li v s c ha hon xy ra hon ton khch
quan. Hn na, ti thi im xy ra thit hi, ti sn b thit hi (sau khi tnh khu hao) l
5.614.181.754 ng (nm t sau trm mi bn triu mt trm tm mi mt ngn, by trm
nm mi bn ng) ch khng phi 7.530.034.241 (by t nm trm ba mi triu khng trm
ba bn ngn, hai trm bn mi mt ng) nh khai bo ca cng ty Khi Thnh. V vy, Ta
tuyn x, bc khng co ca cng ty PTI, chp nhn mt phn yu cu ca cng ty Khi Thnh,
theo tuyn x, buc cng ty PTI bi thng cho cng ty Khi Thnh s tin 5.614.181.754
ng.

V th 4: Cng ty Bo Long nhn bo him thn tu cho tu An Giang 22 vi s tin bo

him l 900.000 USD, thi hn bo him t 12 gi 00 ngy 10/06/2003 n 12 gi 00 ngy
10/06/2004. iu kin bo him Mari Hull all risk, tt c cc ri ro.
Ngy 18/09/2003, tu An Giang 22 nhn 3.600 tn go t cng M Thi, An Giang vn chuyn
n cng Potianak Indonesia. Khi tu v n cng Potianak Indonesia th tu b h trc chn
vt khng di chuyn c. Tu c lai dt a vo cng tr hng v sau c ko v Vit
Nam kim tra gim nh, Kt qu gim nh xc nh, tu b gy trc chn vt loi trc chn
vt c ng knh trc 280mm, di 4,255, vt liu thp KSF45. Trong s c trn ch tu phi
chi ra s tin l 2.350.569.443 ng v yu cu Cng ty c phn bo him Nh Rng (Bo
Long) phi bi thng.
Nhn c h s yu cu i bi thng ca ch tu An Giang 22, Bo Long c cng vn tr
li t chi bi thng. Khng ng vi quyt nh t chi bi thng ca Bo Long, cng ty
THHH An Giang khi kin ra ta yu cu gii quyt tranh chp.
Ti phin ta s thm ngy 18/05/2005 do Ta n nhn dn tp HCM th l, ph Bo Long a ra
2 l do t chi bi thng:
Th nht, theo bin bn gim nh ngy 01/11/2003 v kt lun gim nh ngy 03/02/2004 th
nguyn nhn h hng tu l s mi kt cu tho ca trc c, s dng tu trong vng nc cn
lm cho cnh qut ng, ko l trn y bin, lm cho trc c rung ng mnh Nh vy, ch
tu vi ngi qun l khng mn cn hp l trong nhng v mc cn, khng thc hin ng
ngha v ca ch tu trong trng hp mc cn theo quy nh ca iu khon bj thn tu ITC
1995.
Th hai, theo bo co ca c quan gim nh nh nht k hng hi th t ngy 07/03/2003 n
ngy 23/08/2003, tu b mc cn 4 ln nhng ch tu khng thng bo cho Cc ng kim Vit
Nam. Nh vy, giy chng nhn kh nng i bin s 0135/03TB cp ngy 05/05/2003 mt hiu
lc.
Tuy nhin, c hai l do t chi m Bo Long a ra trn y u khng c Hi ng xt x
chp thun. L do m Hi ng xt x khng chp thun kin ca Bo Long v cn c vo
Cng vn s 162/CV KT ca Ta n nhn dn tp HCM th trc khi c s c gy trc chn
vt, tu c trng thi k thut m bo ph hp vi giy chng nhn an ton k thut do ng
kim Vit Nam cp, h trc chn vt trc khi a tu vo khai thc (nm 2003) c xc nhn
c trng thi k thut m bo an ton. Tu An Giang 22 ch b st cn, khng gy hu qu lm
h hng thn tu, tnh an ton ca tu vn c duy tr, do , trng hp ny khng coi l tu
b tai nn, thuyn trng, ch tu khng c ngha v ngh ng kim Vit Nam gim nh
trng thi ca thn tu. Nh vy, ti thi im tu An Giang 22 gp s c gy chn vt th giy
chng nhn cp tu, giy chng nhn kh nng i bin vn tip tc c hiu lc theo thi hn
quy nh. Vi nhng l do nu trn, Hi ng xt x quyt nh buc Bo Long phi bi
thng cho Cng ty TNHH An Giang s tin 2.486.680.663 ng.
10

Khng ng vi phn quyt trn, Cng ty c phn bo him Nh Rng khng co bn n s

thm, yu cu xt x phc thm. Ti phin ta phc thm, b n - Cng ty c phn bo him
Nh Rng trnh by, ngoi hai l do t chi bi thng tn tht ca tu An Giang 22 m cng ty
nu ti phin ta s thm, cn c mt l do rt quan trng l cng ty TNHH An Giang khng
np ph bo him cho n khi tu xy ra tai nn vo ngy 25/09/2003, mc d hai bn khng h
c tha thun v gia hn ng ph. C th, trc ta, Bo Long xut trnh 3 bin lai thu ph
bo him m cng ty TNHH An Giang np vo nhng thi im nh sau:
-

Ngy 22/10/2003 np 126.108.900 ng.

Ngy 20/04/2004 np 63.674.100 ng, tng ng 4050 USD.
Ngy 12/08/2004 np 63.674.100 ng, tng ng 4050 USD.

Theo b n, cn c vo iu 15 Lut kinh doanh bo him th thi im pht sinh trch nhim
bo him l ngy 22/10/2003, ngha l sau ngy tu An Giang 22 xy ra tai nn. ng thi, Bo
Long xc nhn, hp ng bo him khng c tha thun no khc v vic ng ph bo him.
Tuy nhin, Hi ng xt x phin ta phc thm vn bc n khng co ca cng ty bo him
Nh Rng. V l do khng np ph bo him trc thi im xy ra ri ro ca tu An Giang 22,
Ta phc thm nhn nh rng: cng ty c phn bo him Nh Rng pht hnh chng th bo
him l hp ng bo him c hiu lc, ng thi cng ty TNHH An Giang np ph bo
him y (d np sau ngy xy ra tai nn). Vi nhng nhn nh trn, ta cho rng, Bo
Long khng th chi b trch nhim bo him ca mnh.

11