A. Nekata oO Ece Sho Lecture #1 Propagation Properties ef Gaussian Beams As we discussed in the last several lectures, the electric field corresponding fo the lowest order cylindrically symmetric solution of the wave equation is a Gaussian TEM,, beam The electric Field can be wiritten as Beaver est we an (ea val, py cee | wit) ool Sal Peal cea ae ») i ra where WU) + mela (2) be RUeleetis: | ae (zy z 5(a)+ tan’ (#2,) ean ae Se hont do we go about modeling the propagation properties of o Gaussian beam * The 4, parameter contains all of the relevant information about the beam. Recall that ge + Etiz, 2s? Raylergh range aw? /% notes A Yq et wh The complex beam parameter is most easily interpreted in terms J vacuo of its eek precal ce speed of light ia fe Frequency From the definitions above , 25@ Lecture #16 L, 4 bein (a qe zrinn en ghia Cava? fa) i t hia i alae (me /ray] (ae/awe)? +4 Rta) awe) This 4, parameter is transformed as a Gaussian beam Pre pagates ' f t ee ' ~— be ; nd eee ekoee! 2 4. irs get mw 2) At Bre At tz, *4 Av one ty pied: Bar ye 7 At ety = ped AE More generaity, the ABCD [as that we discussed ear ier im relation to ray optics is also valid here Why 22 et ABB Cyt D Tt is hard to prove this law generally. However, it com be explained qyalitatively. With ray optics, the vay was defined by a width (y) ond an inclination angie (0). With the ¢ parameter, ‘% is related to the beam width Cimaginary component) and @ rachius of curvatuce (real component)® Lecture #16 For propagation through free space over a length #, Ar\ BIZ Cro Det eatin (exactly the same as above) Since ys Age c+ DU.) eyed AP 8C%,) T{ we assome that 4, corresponds to zt0 (beam waist of wy and planar wavefront), then after propagation over a distance 2 eh awe) r qt) va ei awe) Re)” AW) Now let's consider the focusing of ¢ Gaussian beam by @ lens {> focet length of ten Rt Atatenee foe lens to the nes beam waist Assume that 0 large diameter Gaussian beam with a nearly planar Wavefront 1S ineident on & Thin lens of fecal length 4. The beam parameter 9! immediately after the lens can be found by application of the appropriate ABCD matrix for a thin lens© Lectuce #16 Therefore, in gene ral a Be Since ae | then eee Ne a d Sa ae FO we We See from this thet © The spot size gost te the right of the lens equals thet {ust te the left of the lens ® The veem appears t ve converging towards the fecel point { Now let's try to determine At beam waist wy, using the Corresponding beam. parameter 4, The thal tramemictinn matriv (lene fone epece propagation) is given by eye Gl (st 4g _ Apas Note Gy os immediately, Defpre the lens ee is immediately after the lens 4a is the new beam waist where a WW ee ee 6) eet ee a @@) awe) We oAt BU) OF) CM awe© Lecture #16 Selving, we find that oe ‘iene (Vp? + Yet) 5 RG) (ie 4)? * (#/2,,)* x ‘Lion awa) UP + Ce ® where We have wade the (usuel) substitution — 2, © mwyi/D The beam maist occurs when R(z)7 » or /RjC8) * 2. From © pr e(ee ha) +e fats 1+ (Ve, an pedi eo beam waist dues net wcnr ot 2> mt ot a sti Suey ay ti + os + 2 {> bet + slightly Shorter distance 2° Zyq Note that ff 227 f , then 24” f Ps wy 7? Sf Alm Consider a practical system (7100 mm Am 1 wm > IPB me 2 Tm most practical applications 2.” f We can also compute the focal spat size using @ GForge m/e)” Pe dea Sea 2 (6) ee Tw Bway the lens