HYPOTHESES
‘THEHYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis i
‘testable statement of potential relationship between two or more variables".
Hypothesis is n assumption tobe proved or disproved.
Hypothesis is a tentative answer to a question
Formulation of hypothesis in advance of the data gathering process is necessary for unbiased
investigations.
A.GOOD HYPOTHESIS
‘+ Should be reasonable
+ Should be consistent with known fies o theories
‘Should be stated in such a way that it ean be tested and found to be probably true or
probably false.
+ Should be state inthe simplest possible terms.
Itipa tentative prediction or explanation of two or more variables.
“The hypothesis isthe most important mental tool the research has,
1isimportant integral component of modem scientific research
HYPOTHESES DEFINITIONS
+ Hypotheses are predietions about the relationship among two or mone variables or groups
based on a theary or previous research
Hypotheses are assumptions or theories tht a researcher males and tet,
PURPOSES OF HYFOTHESIS :
It provides bridge between theory and reality and inthis sense unifying of two domains
It provides power tool, for the advancement of knowledge since they enable the
researcher to objectively enter new areas of discovery
It provides direction for any research endeavor by tentatively identifying the anticipated
tis guide to the thinking process andthe process of discovery + eservesas a framework for drawing conclusions
IMPORTANCE OF HYPOTHESES
+ Hypotheses:
Direct our observations
+ Identifies the variables examined and data tobe collected
= Describe relationship among variables
can state tnt as one variable increases, the other will derease; as one
‘eriables increases, the other will increase, and 30 on
= Refer to populations
+ Hypotheses aelp researchers infer that results of a sample will translate toa
population
ADVANTAGES :
Hypothesis builds researches confidence in his results
+ Sound hypotheis gives direction tothe inquiry
+ A.good hypothesis enriches theory
(CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPOTHESIS :
eahould be clear and precise
Itshould be capable of being tested
Ie should state rel
ship between variables
It shouldbe limited in seope and
Ie should be specific
should be understandable
shouldbe conslstent with most known facts
should be testable with amenable he
should comp
needed explanations
cy FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHESES
+ Hyporneses ca
= Estimate Population Characteristics
= Correlate Variables
Display Differences among Two or more populations
= Show possible Cause and Effet
‘SYMBOLS USED IN HYPOTHESES
+ (on: mew)> population mean
+ Roman Letters, A, B,C, D) ate used to represent statistics
+ Greek Leer (6 ) are used to represent parameters
Significance level; probab
ty of commiting a Type I Err (2=,05)
+ p= probability value (o=.05)
+ Null Hypothesis (Ha -na O or Ho: p= 1)
+Alternative Hypothesis= (Hi: ar-aa #0 or Ha #2)
~ Sometimes you may seit pote as Hy,
CLASSIFICATION OF HYPOTHESIS :
Research hypothesis
Directional hypothesis
Now-tetonal hypothesis
Statistical hypothesis
Alternative Hypotheses,
[ull hypotheses
Research Hypotheses
+ Research Hypothesis: A statement of the relationship among two or more variables or
groups,
+ The acceptance or non-acceptance of which is based on resolving a logical altemative
with «all Bypothesi. ‘Example: Graduate stents who read he esearch methods will score higher on
Exam Tpehenie evans than erauate SS “ein didnot read their research
‘methods text
‘Research hypotieses can De ated as Directional or Non-directional
Directional hypotheses predict the spesiic relationship among two oF more variables OF
groups!
n aenduate sents who ead te text ess methods will score higher their
Grad Sere cxams tan grunt sens who “didnot read their research
smathods text
Howse Beane
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