1

1) 2
32222 5
1 1

1
2
3
4
5

7

8
9
2) 1
2
32222 5 2

3) 1

3.1
3.2

3.3
3.4

3.5
3.6
3.7

3.8

3.9
3.10
3.11

3.12
3.13 -
3.14
3.15
3.16

4)

1)

2)
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

3)

4) 2

1)
2551

1
5

2)

3)
3 - 4

4)


5)
6)

7)

8)

9)

1) 1
2
2) 3 4

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)
1
10
9)

70


2

1)
1

2)

1)

2)

1)
2)

1)
2)
3)

1
2 32222
5

1. 4
10 10

2. ()
1

1. 1
.
.

10

1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

2. 1
.
. 1

.
3. 55.8
. 1 55.8 g
. 55.8 g
. 1 55.8

1 55.8

1
12

C 1 (g)
12

4. A 30 A 1

. 30
.

g
1.661024
g

.
.

6.021023
301.6610

24

g
g

5. (U) = 238
(U) 5
.
.
.
.

1,190 g
1.981021
g
51.661024
238
1.661024

g
g

6. A 5

601.66 1024

A
. 5
.

.
.

12
60

121.661024

7. 1
.16
.

1.661024

11

6.021023

161.6610

24

12

g
g

8. X 3

19.99

90.92

20.99

0.26

21.99

X
.19.79
.

20.09

20.18

8.86

13

21.89

9. Z 2 14.00
15.00 99.63
0.37 Z

. 13.0024
. 14.0037
. 15.0045
. 16.0066

12

13

10. 2
12.011
13
12
C
C
98.89% 12.00
1.11%

. 12.005
. 12.112
.

13.003

13.050

13

14

(Atomic Mass)

(stoichiometry)
2 stoicheion metron

(reactant)
(product)

(: . 2547, 1)

15

( : . 2547, 1)

(Atomic mass)
Atomos

16

(
1010

1.66 10-24
250

( :

. 2547, 1)

1.66 10-24
g 1

17

1.1

(Dalton)
:

1.66
10-24 g
1 1
amu (amu = atomic mass
unit)

1 1

: . 2554,
2


1
1 (K)
39 1
39 1

18

Jean Stas

16 16

1
1.2
:

1
16

: . 2554,
2

19

1
16
1

1
39 1
39 1

18

16

17

16

.. 1961 (.. 2504)

12
12
C
C

C 12 1
1
12

C
12

12

1 (:
. 2547,
1)

20

1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

: . 2554,
2

1
1
1
12
12

C 1 (g)

C 1 (g)
12
12

= 1.66 10-24 g

1 (g)

1.661024 g

: . 2554,
2

21

12
14
C 13C
C
3

12

13

12.0000

13.0034
14
C
1.070

98.93

98.930
1.070

12.0000
13.0034

100

C =
= 11.872 + 0.1391
98.930
1.070

12.0000
13.0034
100
C =
= 11.872 + 0.1391
= 12.011

100

22

12.000
13.003
15.995
16.999
17.999
14.003
15.000

98.89
1.11
99.76
0.04
0.20
99.63
0.37

12

13

16

17

18

12.
011
15.
14.
00
7

14

15

: . 2553, 5

1 A 7
A 1

A 1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

A 1 (g)
1.661024 g

A 1

=
A 1
1.162
1023
g

23

71.661024

1.162
1023

g
=

2 B 1

6.641024

B 1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12
B

B 1 (g)

1.661024g

B
=
B

6.641024g
1.661024g

4
=

3 X 2

36.521024

24

X 1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

=
=

=
18.261024g
1.661024g

36.521024g
2
1.661024g

11
=

11

4 K 50 (K =
39)

K
=

1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

K 1

1.661024g

25

K 1 (g)
39
g

1.661024g

K 1
K 50
=
=

3,237
10

24

391.661024
391.661024 50
g

3.23710

21

K 50
g

3.2371021

5 A 2
20 19.995
22 22.005 80%
20% A
A
=

100

19.995
80 20.005
20

100

= 19.997
A = 19.997

26

6 2
63
65
Cu
Cu

63
65
Cu
Cu
63 65

= 63.546
63
Cu

= X %
65
Cu

= 100 - X%
Cu
=

100

63.546

63.546 100
6354.6
2X

=
=
=
=
=
=

Cu

63

(63 X) 65(100 X)
100
63X + 6,500 65X
63X + 6,500 65X
2X + 6,500
6,500 6,354.6
145.4
145
.4
2

72.7
%

72.7
%

Cu

65

= 100
= 27.3%

27

72.7
%

1)

2)

1 1-5
2

6-10

28

1 1-5

1.

2. 1

3. A 31 A 1

4. 1

29

401.661024

5. 23

.6.

30

1

.7.

Mg 24

Mg 1
24

1
12

C 1 (g)
12

.8.

Al X Al

.9.

Na Y

1 X
1
12

C 1 (g)
12
Na 1
1.661024

.10. Ca Z
Na 1
Z1.661024

31

1
1. K =
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
....
1.66 1024g
2. 1 =
..
3. =
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..
100

4. Al Al 1
271.661024

32

5. Cl 35.5 Cl 1

6. 100

7. O 3
17
O
15.9949 ,
16.9991
18
O

17.9992

16

16

33

17

99.759% 0.037%
O

8. 2

12

13

12.01113
12
C
98.89% 12.00
1.11%
12.00

13

13

34

1)

35

2)

1 1 5
2

610

1 1 5
1.
1
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

2. 1
1

3. A 31 A 1

Al

36

Al 1 (g)
1.661024 (g)

Al 1 (g)
31

A 1
5.146
1023
=
g

4. 1

1.661024 (g)
=

311.661024

401.661024

Al
401.661024g
1.661024g

A 1

40

5. 23

1 23
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

37

.6.

amu.
.7.

Mg 24

Mg 1
24

1
12

C 1 (g)
12

.8.

Al X Al 1

....9.

Na Y

X
1
12

C 1 (g)
12
Na 1

1.661024

......10.

Ca Z

Na 1

Z1.661024

38

1. K

K 1 (g)

1.661024g

2. 1

1.661024
g
3.

39

%
)
100

4. Al Al 1
271.661024

g
Al

Al 1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

Al
Al

271.661024g
=

1.661024 g

27

5. Cl 35.5 Cl 1

Cl

Cl 1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

40

Cl 1 (g)
35.5

1.661024g

Cl 1
=

35.51.661024

5.893
1023

6. 32

100

S 1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12
S

S 1 (g)

1.661024g

32

S 1 (g)
1.661024g

S 1
=

53.1210

321.661024

24

S 100 =
5,312
1024
=
5.312
1021
=

53.1210 100
24

g
g

16

7. O 3
17
O
15.9949 ,
16.9991
18
O

17.9992

41

16

17

99.759% , 0.037% 0.204%

O

100

=
=
(15.9949
99.759
) (16.9991
0.037
) (17.9992
0.204
)
100
= 15.9994

8. 2

12

12

12.01113

98.89% 12.00
1.11% 12.00

13

13

42

13

100

=
(12.01113
98.89) (X1.11)
100
12.01113
=
0.0111 X
= 12.01113 11.8668
= 0.14433
0.14433
0.0111
X
=
= 13.003

2 32222

43

1. 4
10 10

2. ()

1
1. 1
. 16 g
1.661024
.
g
6.02 1023
.
16 1.66 1024
.

g
g

2. 55.8
. 1 55.8 g
. 55.8 g
. 1 55.8

1 55.8

1
12

C 1 (g)
12

3. 1
.
.

44

1 (g)
1
12

C 1 (g)
12

4. A 5

601.661024

A
. 5
.

12

60
121.661024

5. (U) = 238
(U) 5

. 1,190 g
.
.
.

1.98 1021

51.661024
238
1.661024

g
g

6. A 30 A 1

45

. 30 g
1.661024
.
g
6.02 1023
.
g
301.66 1024
.
g
7. Z 2 14.00
15.00 99.63
0.37 Z

13.0024

14.0037

15.0045

16.0066

8. 1
.
. 1

46

.
9. 2
12
C
12.011

12

13

98.89% 12.00

13

1.11%
13
C

. 12.005
. 12.112

. 13.003
.

13.050

10. X 3

19.99

90.92

21.99

8.86

20.99

0.26

.19.79
.

20.09

21.89

20.18

47

10

10

1
2
3

48

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

10

49

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

10

( )
)

50

51

. (2553). .
4 - 6 2. : .
, .
(2554).
2 4 6. :
. .

. (2554). . 4 - 6 2.
: .

. (2547). . 4 2.
: .
. (2554). ABSOLUTE
CHEMISTRY TESTS BOOK 2.
: SCIENCE CENTER.
. 1 2555,
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Jean Stas. 1 2555,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Stas

52