STUDY GUIDE 1

Packet 4:
1. Draw the typical life cycle for animals:
Answer: -> Adult (multicellular) -> Gamete (unicellular) -> Zygote
(unicellular) -> Embryo
(developmental process) ->

2. Gametes are diploid or haploid in typical animals?

Answer: Haploid

3. True or False: Unicellular forms have a limited life span

Answer: False, unicellular forms can often divide without limit.
Multicellular forms have a limited life
span.

4. What are the four basic developmental processes that lead a unicellular zygote
to a multicellular adult? Give a short definition for all four.
Answer:

5. True or False: These four processes create an enormous increase in complexity

and change in genetic information
Answer:

6. True or False: Each gamete is genetically unique

Answer:

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7. A body plan is specified by four fundamental properties. List all four.

Answer:

8. Name the species that are true multicellular animals:

Answer:

9. List and define the two forms of symmetry:

Answer:

10.True or False: Most animals that move have radial primary symmetry
Answer:

11.True or False: Blastula becomes hollow inside through cell movements

Answer:

12.Part 1: Invagination of the hollow blastula is called?

Answer:

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13.Part 2: This forms the first two germ layers and makes a ____________ embryo
Answer:

14.Part 3: A blastopore can have two fates: If it forms a mouth, what is it called? If it
forms an anus, what is it called?
Answer:

15.Define mesoderm.
Answer:

16.Radiata are diploblastic or triploblastic?

Answer:

17.Bilateria are diploblastic or triploblastic?

Answer:

18.Define schizocoely and enterocoely.

Answer:

19.What are totipotent stem cells?

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Answer:

20.What are the three body cavity arrangements in Bilateria? Define all three.
Answer:

21.BONUS: Draw morphological and developmental tree

Answer:

22.Which two subgroups evolved exoskeleton that must be molted?

Answer:

23.Which two subgroups evolved body segmentation?

Answer:

24.What is the simplest of the metazoan lineages?

Answer:

25.Fundamental characteristics of sponges:

Answer:

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26.Body plan of sponges:

Answer:

27.In order to become larger, sponges:

Answer:

28.Fundamental characteristics of cnidarians:

Answer:

29.If cnidocyte is touched, what happens to the nematocyst?

Answer:

30.What is the nematocyst mechanism?

Answer:

31.Polyp form and Medusa form are built around (number) ___________ layers and a
_______________ and _______________ skeleton.
Answer:

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32.Characteristics of Polyp form:

Answer:

33.Characteristics of Medusa form:

Answer:

34.Contrast the two types of skeletons used in the polyp and medusa body forms.