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GV. Nguyn Sn Hong Quc

ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang
Chng 01 - 1
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1. MC TIU
n li cc khi nim, cc kin thc lp

trnh c bn
Bin ton cc
Bin cc b
Hm v bin ton cc
Tham s v hm
Tru tng ha d liu

Chng 01 - 2
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2. BI TON
ton:
Vit
chng trnh nhp
h tn, im ton,
im vn ca mt
hc sinh. Tnh
im trung bnh v
xut kt qu.
Bi

Chng 01 - 3
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3. BIN TON CC
Khi nim:Bin ton cc l bin

c khai bo bn ngoi tt c
cc hm v c hiu bn trong
tt c cc hm.
Thng thng bin ton cc

c khai bo u chng
trnh.
Lu : Bin khai bo bn trong

thn hm main khng l bin
ton cc m l bin cc b ca
hm main.

Chng 01 - 4
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11. #include <conio.h>

12.#include <stdio.h>
13.char hoten[30];
14.int toan;
15.int van;
16.float dtb;
17.void main()
18.{
19.
printf(Nhap ho ten:);
20.
gets(hoten);
21.
printf(Nhap toan:);
22.
scanf(%d,&toan);
23.
printf(Nhap van:);
24.
scanf(%d,&van);
25.
dtb=(float)(toan+van)/2;
26.
printf(\n Ho ten: %s ,
27.
28.
29.
hoten);
printf(\n Toan: %d ,
toan);
printf(\n Van: %d , van);
printf(\n Trung binh:%f,
dtb);
30.}
Chng 01 - 5
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4. BIN CC B
Khi nim: Bin cc b l

bin c khai bo v c
hiu bn trong mt phm vi
no ca chtrnh, ra khi
phm vi ny bin khng cn
c bit n na v khng
gian b nh cp pht cho
bin c t ng thu hi.
Thng thng bin cc b c
khai bo bn trong thn ca mt
hm hay mt khi lnh.
Lu : Mt bin c khai bo
bn trong thn hm main l bin
cc b ca hm main.

Chng 01 - 6
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12.#include <stdio.h>
13.void main()
14.{
15.
char hoten[30];
16.
int toan;
17.
int van;
18.
float dtb;
19.
20.
gets(hoten);
21.
printf(Nhap toan:);
22.
scanf(%d,&toan);
23.
printf(Nhap van:);
24.
scanf(%d,&van);
25.
26.
printf(\nHo ten:%s,
27.
28.
29.
hoten);
printf(\n Toan: %d ,
toan);
printf(\n Van: %d , van);
printf(\n Trung binh:%f ,
dtb);
30.}
Chng 01 - 7
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5. HM V BIN TON CC
Kin trc chng trnh C.
Khi khai bo
Khi hm main
Khi nh ngha hm.

Chng 01 - 8
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5.1 KIN TRC MT CHNG

TRNH C N GIN
Kin trc ca mt
chng trnh C c bn
bao gm 3 khi lnh
chnh nh sau: khi
khai bo, khi hm
main v khi nh
ngha hm. Ba khi
lnh ny c trnh
by theo th t ca
hnh v bn di.

Chng 01 - 9
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5.1 KIN TRC MT CHNG

TRNH C N GIN
Khi
khai
bo
Khi
hm
main
Khi
nh
ngha
hm

Chng 01 - 10
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5.1 KIN TRC MT CHNG

TRNH C N GIN
Khi khai bo: cha cc khai

bo hm, khai bo bin ton cc,
khai bo s dng th vin, khai
bo hng, khai bo kiu d
liu
Khi hm main: cha duy nht

hm main v thn hm ca n.
Trong thn hm main cha cc
li gi hm cn thit cho chng
trnh.
Khi nh ngha hm: cha cc

nh ngha hm c khai
bo trong khi khai bo.

Chng 01 - 11
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5.2 CHNG TRNH
ton:
Vit
chng trnh nhp
h tn, im ton,
im vn ca mt
hc sinh. Tnh
im trung bnh v
xut kt qu.
Bi

Chng 01 - 12
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5.2 CHNG TRNH

1.
#include <conio.h>
2.
#include <stdio.h>
3.
char hoten[30];
4.
int toan;
5.
int van;
6.
float dtb;
7.
void Nhap();
8.
void XuLy();
9.
void Xuat();

Chng 01 - 13
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5.2 CHNG TRNH

1.
void main()
2.
3.
Nhap();
4.
XuLy();
5.
Xuat();
6.

Chng 01 - 14
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5.2 CHNG TRNH

11. void
Xuat()
12. {
13.
printf(Ho ten:%s, hoten);
14.
printf(Toan: %d, toan);
15.
printf(Van: %d:, van);
16.
printf(DTB: %f, dtb);
17. }
18. void
XuLy()
19. {
20.
dtb=(float)(toan + van)/2;
21. }

Chng 01 - 15
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5.2 CHNG TRNH

1.
void Nhap()
2.
3.
4.
gets(hoten);
5.
printf(Nhap toan:);
6.
scanf(%d,&toan);
7.
printf(Nhap van:);
8.
scanf(%d,&van);
9.

Chng 01 - 16
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6. THAM S V HM
Khi nim: Cc thng s u

vo ca mt hm c gi l
tham s ca hm.
Phn loi tham s: c 2 loi
tham s l tham tr v tham
bin.
Tham tr: Khng i.

Tham bin: Thay i.
Cp pht b nh:
Tham tr: Cp pht.

Tham bin: Khng cp pht b
nh khi hm c gi thc hin
m s dng b nh ca i s
tng ng.

Chng 01 - 17
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6. THAM S V HM
1.
#include <conio.h>
2.
#include <stdio.h>
3.
void Nhap(char [],int&,int &);
4.
void XuLy(int, int, float &);
5.
void Xuat(char[],int,int,float);

Chng 01 - 18
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6. THAM S V HM
1.
void main()
2.
3.
char ht[30];
4.
int t,v;
5.
float tb;
6.
Nhap(ht,t,v);
7.
Xuly(t,v,tb);
8.
Xuat(ht,t,v,tb);
9.

Chng 01 - 19
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6. THAM S V HM (tip)
11. void
Xuat(char hoten[],int
toan,int van,float dtb)
12. {
13.
printf(Ho ten:%s,hoten);
14.
printf(Toan: %d,toan);
15.
printf(Van: %d,van);
16.
printf(DTB: %f,dtb);
17. }
18. void
XuLy(int toan, int van,

float&dtb)
19. {
20.
dtb=(float)(toan + van)/2;
21. }
Chng 01 - 20
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6. THAM S V HM (tip)
1.
void Nhap(char hoten[30],

int &toan, int &van)
2.
3.
4.
gets(hoten);
5.
printf(Nhap toan:);
6.
scanf(%d,&toan);
7.
printf(Nhap van:);
8.
scanf(%d,&van);
9.

Chng 01 - 21
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7. TRU TNG HA
D LIU
Khi nim: Tru tng ha d liu l

mt phng php tch hp cc kiu
d liu n, cc kiu d liu c sn
nhm m t, biu din mt khi nim
hay mt i tng trong th gii thc.
C php:
1.
struct KieuDuLieu
2.
3.
Thnh phn 1;
4.
Thnh phn 2;
5.
6.
};
7.
typedef struct KieuDuLieu

KIEUDULIEU;

Chng 01 - 22
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7. TRU TNG HA
D LIU (tip)
11. #include
<stdio.h>
13. struct HocSinh
14. {
15.
char hoten[31];
16.
int toan;
17.
int van;
18.
float dtb;
19. };
20. typedef struct HocSinh HOCSINH;
21. void Nhap(HOCSINH &);
22. void Xuat(HOCSINH);
23. void XuLy(HOCSINH&);
Chng 01 - 23
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7. TRU TNG HA
D LIU (tip)
1.
void Nhap(HOCSINH &);
2.
void Xuat(HOCSINH);
3.
void XuLy(HOCSINH&);
4.
void main()
5.
6.
HOCSINH hs;
7.
Nhap(hs);
8.
XuLy(hs);
9.
Xuat(hs);
10. }

Chng 01 - 24
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7. TRU TNG HA
D LIU (tip)
1.
void Xuat(HOCSINH x)
2.
3.
printf(Ho ten:%s,x.hoten);
4.
printf(Toan: %d,x.toan);
5.
printf(Van: %d,x.van);
6.
printf(DTB: %f,x.dtb);
7.
8.
void XuLy(HOCSINH &x)
9.
10.
x.dtb=(float)(x.toan+x.van)/2;
11. }

Chng 01 - 25
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7. TRU TNG HA
D LIU (tip)
1.
void Nhap(HOCSINH&x)
2.
3.
4.
gets(x.hoten);
5.
printf(Nhap toan:);
6.
scanf(%d,&x.toan);
7.
printf(Nhap van:);
8.
scanf(%d,&x.van);
9.

Chng 01 - 26
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8. NG DNG
ng dng 1:
Vit chng trnh
nhp vo mt phn
s. Rt gn phn
s v xut kt
qu.
8.1

Chng 01 - 27
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8. NG DNG
ng dng 2:
Vit chng trnh
nhp vo ta 2
im trong mt
phng Oxy. Tnh
khong cch gia
chng v xut kt
qu
8.2

Chng 01 - 28
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9. BI TP
Bi 1: Vit chng trnh

nhp vo mt phn s.
Hy cho bit phn s
l phn s m hay dng
hay bng khng.
Bi 2: Vit chng trnh

nhp ta hai im
trong khng gian. Tnh
khong cch gia chng
v xut kt qu.

Chng 01 - 29
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9. BI TP
Bi 3: Vit chng trnh

nhp vo 2 phn s. Tm
phn s ln nht v xut
kt qu.
Bi 4: Vit chng trnh

nhp vo hai phn s.
Tnh tng, hiu, tch,
thng gia chng v
xut kt qu.

Chng 01 - 30
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9. BI TP
Bi 5: Vit chng trnh

nhp vo 2 s phc. Tnh
tng, hiu, tch v xut
kt qu.
Bi 6: Vit chng trnh

nhp vo mt ngy. Tm
ngy k tip v xut kt
qu.

Chng 01 - 31
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9. BI TP
Bi 7: Vit chng trnh

nhp vo mt ngy. Tm
ngy hm qua v xut kt
qu.
Bi 8: Vit chng trnh

nhp to 3 nh A,B,C
ca 1 tam gic trong mt
phng Oxy. Tnh chu vi,
din tch v tm ta
trng tm.

Chng 01 - 32
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9. BI TP
Bi 9: Vit chng trnh

nhp ta tm v bn knh
ca mt ng trn. Tnh
din tch v chu vi ca
ng trn.

Chng 01 - 33
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9. BI TP
Yu cu chung:
Lm tt c cc bi tp trong
mt workspace c tn l
MSSV_BT01.
Trong workspace c 9 project

tng ng vi tng bi tp.
Np bi tp ln h thng
Moodle theo qui nh.

Chng 01 - 34
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Chng 2
CC PHNG PHP
LP TRNH

Chng 02 - 1
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1. MC TIU
Trong chng ny cc sinh vin
s c mt ci nhn s b v cc
phng php lp trnh khc
nhau:
Phng php lp trnh hng

lnh.

th tc, hm.

n th.

i tng (Tn Mn Hc).

Chng 02 - 2
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2. PHNG PHP
LP TRNH HNG LNH
Khi nim: Trong phng

php ny ngi ta xem
chng trnh l tp hp cc
lnh. Khi vic vit chng
trnh l xc nh xem
chng trnh gm nhng
lnh no, th t thc hin
ca cc lnh ra sao.

Chng 02 - 3
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2. PHNG PHP
LP TRNH HNG LNH
Hnh v
chng trnh
lnh

Chng 02 - 4
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3. PHNG PHP LP TRNH

HNG TH TC, HM
Khi nim: Trong phng

php ny ngi ta xem
chng trnh l mt h thng
cc th tc v hm. Trong
, mi th tc v hm l
mt dy cc lnh c sp
th t. Khi , vic vit
chng trnh l xc nh
xem chng trnh gm cc
th tc v hm no, mi
quan h gia chng ra sao?

Chng 02 - 5
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3. PHNG PHP LP TRNH

HNG TH TC, HM
Hnh v
chng trnh
Khi khai bo
void main()
{
}
Th tc
Hm

Lnh
Chng 02 - 6
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4. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG N TH
Khi nim: Trong phng

php ny ngi ta xem
chng trnh l 1 h thng
cc n th, mi mt n
th l 1 h thng cc th tc
v hm. Khi , vic vit
chng trnh l xc nh
xem chng trnh gm
nhng n th no? n
th no c sn, n th
no phi i mua v n th
no phi t vit.

Chng 02 - 7
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4. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG N TH
Phn loi n th: Ngi ta

chia n th thnh 2 loi l
n th hng d liu v
n th hng chc nng.

Chng 02 - 8
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4. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG N TH
Phn loi n th
n th hng d liu: l
n th c thit k v xy
dng phc v cho mt
kiu d liu no bn
trong chng trnh.
V d: Th vin string.h

Chng 02 - 9
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4. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG N TH
Phn loi n th
n th hng chc nng:

l n th c thit k v
xy dng phc v cho
mt nhm chc nng no
bn trong chng trnh.
V d: Th vin math.h

Chng 02 - 10
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4. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG N TH
chng trnh
n
th 1
n
th 2
n
th n
n th
chnh
Khi khai bo
void main()
{
}

Chng 02 - 11
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5. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG I TNG
Khi nim: Trong phng

php ny ngi ta xem
chng trnh l mt h thng
cc i tng. Mi mt i
tng l s bao bc bn
trong n 2 thnh phn:

Chng 02 - 12
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5. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG I TNG
Khi nim
Thnh phn d liu: l cc

thng tin v chnh i tng.
Trong mt s ti liu, sch v
thnh phn ny cn c gi
l thnh phn thuc tnh,
thnh phn thng tin.
Thnh phn hnh ng: l

cc kh nng m i tng c
th thc hin. Thnh phn
ny cn c cc tn gi nh
sau: phng thc, hm
thnh phn, hnh vi.

Chng 02 - 13
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5. PHNG PHP LP
TRNH HNG I TNG
Mi mt i tng s c
ci t bn trong chng
trnh di dng n th
cha d liu. Thm vo
tnh cht k tha cho php
chng ta xy dng i tng
mi da trn c s i
tng c.

Chng 02 - 14
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Chng 3
LP TRNH HNG
I TNG VI C++

Chng 03 - 1
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0. T VN
Vit chng trnh nhp h

tn, im ton, im vn ca
mt hc sinh. Tnh im
trung bnh v xut kt qu.

Chng 03 - 2
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1. LP I TNG (class)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Khi nim: Lp i tng

tng hiu mt cch n
gin nht l s tch hp ca
hai thnh phn: Thnh phn
d liu v Thnh phn x
l.
C php khai bo lp
class CTenLop
{
// Thnh phn d liu.
// Thnh phn x l
};

Chng 03 - 3
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1. LP I TNG (class)
V d: Hy khai bo lp cho bi ton
c nu ra trong phn t vn .
11. struct
HocSinh
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
char hoten[31];
int toan;
Thnh phn
int van;
d liu
float dtb;
17. };
18. typedef
struct hocsinh HOCSINH;
19. void
Nhap(HOCSINH&);
20. void Xuat(HOCSINH);
21. void XuLy(HOCSINH &);
Thnh phn
x l
Chng
03 - 4
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1. LP I TNG (class)
11. class
CHocSinh
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
private:
char hoten[31];
int toan;
int van;
float dtb;
public:
void Nhap();
void Xuat();
void XuLy();
22. };

Chng 03 - 5
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2. I TNG (object)
Khi nim: i tng l

mt s th hin ca mt
lp. Trong mt lp c th
c nhiu s th hin khc
nhau. Ni mt cch khc:
c th c nhiu i tng
cng thuc v mt lp.
C php khai bo i tng.
1.
CTenLop <Tent>;

Chng 03 - 6
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2. I TNG (object)
V d 1: CHocSinh x;
Trong v d trn ta ni x l mt
i tng thuc v lp i
tng CHocSinh.
V d 2: CHocSinh a,b;
CHocSinh y;
Trong v d trn ta ni a,b,y l
ba i tng thuc v lp i
tng CHocSinh. Ni mt cch
khc: Lp i tng CHocSinh
c ba s th hin khc nhau.
Chng 03 - 7
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3. PHNG THC (method)
Khi nim: Phng thc l kh

nng m i tng thuc v lp
c th thc hin.
C php nh ngha phng

thc:
1.
KDL CTenLop::PhuongThuc
(<Tham S>)
2.
{
// Thn Phng Thc
3.
4.

Chng 03 - 8
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V d 1: nh ngha phng thc

nhp ca lp CHocSinh.
1.
void CHocSinh::Nhap()
2.
3.
4.
gets(hoten);
5.
printf(Nhap toan:);
6.
scanf(%d, &toan);
7.
printf(Nhap van:);
8.
scanf(%d, &van);
9.

Chng 03 - 9
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XuLy ca lp CHocSinh.
1.
void CHocSinh::XuLy()
2.
{
3.
4.

Chng 03 - 10
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Xuat ca lp CHocSinh.
1.
void CHocSinh::Xuat()
2.
3.
printf(\nHo ten:%s,
hoten);
4.
printf(\nToan: %d,toan);
5.
printf(\nVan: %d,van);
6.
printf(\nDTB: %f,dtb);
7.

Chng 03 - 11
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4. I TNG HNH NG
Khi nim: i tng hnh

ng l i tng gi thc hin
phng thc m lp i tng
n thuc v cung cp.
C php
TenDoiTuong.PhuongThuc(<TS>)
1.
V d 1:
1.
CHocSinh hs;
2.
hs.Nhap();

Chng 03 - 12
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4. I TNG HNH NG
V d 1:
1.
CHocSinh hs;
2.
hs.Nhap();
Trong cu lnh th hai ca

on chng trnh trn ta
ni: i tng hs gi thc
hin phng thc Nhp.

Chng 03 - 13
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. I TNG HNH NG
V d 2:
1.
CHocSinh a,b,c;
2.
a.Nhap();
3.
b.Nhap();
4.
c.Nhap();
Trong cu lnh th hai ca

on chng trnh trn ta
ni: i tng a gi thc
hin phng thc Nhp.
v..v..

Chng 03 - 14
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.
2.
3.
4.
CHocSinh a,b,c;
a.Nhap();
b.Nhap();
hoten
c.Nhap();
toan
van
dtb
void Nhap()
void Xuat()
void XuLy()
hoten
toan
van
dtb

c
hoten
toan
van
dtb
Chng 03 - 15
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. I TNG HNH NG

nhp ca lp CHocSinh.
1.
2.
3.
4.
gets(hoten);
5.
printf(Nhap toan:);
6.
scanf(%d, &toan);
7.
printf(Nhap van:);
8.
scanf(%d, &van);
9.

Chng 03 - 16
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. I TNG HNH NG

XuLy ca lp CHocSinh.
1.
2.
{
3.
4.

Chng 03 - 17
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. I TNG HNH NG

Xuat ca lp CHocSinh.
1.
void CHocSinh::Xuat()
2.
3.
printf(\nHo ten:%s,
hoten);
4.
5.
6.
7.

Chng 03 - 18
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. CHNG TRNH
U TIN
Bi
ton:
chng trnh
h tn, im
im vn ca
hc sinh. Tnh
trung bnh v
kt qu.
Chng trnh

Vit
nhp
ton,
mt
im
xut
Chng 03 - 19
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. CHNG TRNH
U TIN
11. #include
<stdio.h>
13. class CHocSinh
14. {
15.
private:
16.
char hoten[31];
17.
int toan;
18.
int van;
19.
float dtb;
20.
public:
21.
void Nhap();
22.
void Xuat();
23.
void XuLy();
24. };
Chng 03 - 20
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. CHNG TRNH
U TIN
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
CHocSinh hs;
hs.Nhap();
hs.XuLy();
hs.Xuat();
17. }
18. void
CHocSinh::Xuat()
19. {
20.
21.
22.
23.
printf(\nHo ten:%s,
hoten);
24. }

Chng 03 - 21
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. CHNG TRNH
U TIN
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
{
gets(hoten);
printf(Nhap toan:);
scanf(%d, &toan);
printf(Nhap van:);
scanf(%d, &van);
}
{
}

Chng 03 - 22
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
6.1 ng dng 1: Vit

chng trnh nhp
vo mt phn s. Rt
gn phn s v
xut kt qu.
Chng trnh

Chng 03 - 23
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11. #include
<stdio.h>
13. class CPhanSo
14. {
15.
private:
16.
int tu;
17.
int mau;
18.
public:
19.
void Nhap();
20.
void Xuat();
21.
void RutGon();
22. };

Chng 03 - 24
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
CPhanSo ps;
ps.Nhap();
ps.RutGon();
ps.Xuat();
17. }
18. void
CPhanSo::Nhap()
19. {
20.
21.
22.
23.
printf(Nhap tu: );
scanf(%d,&tu);
printf(Nhap mau: );
scanf(%d,&mau);
24. }

Chng 03 - 25
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
void CPhanSo::RutGon()
{
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
}
void CPhanSo::Xuat()
{
printf(%d/%d,tu,mau);
}

Chng 03 - 26
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
6.2 ng dng 2: Vit

chng trnh nhp
vo ta 2 im
trong mt phng Oxy.
Tnh khong cch
gia chng v xut
kt qu.
Chng trnh

Chng 03 - 27
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11. #include
<stdio.h>
13. #include <math.h>
14. class CDiem
15. {
16.
private:
17.
float x;
18.
float y;
19.
public:
20.
void Nhap();
21.
void Xuat();
22.
float KhoangCach(CDiem);
23. };
Chng 03 - 28
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
CDiem A,B;
A.Nhap();
B.Nhap();
float kq = A.KhoangCach(B);
A.Xuat();
B.Xuat();
printf(\n Khoang cach:
%f, kq);
20. }

Chng 03 - 29
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
void CDiem::Nhap()
{
float temp;
printf(Nhap x:);
scanf(%f,&temp);
x = temp;
printf(Nhap y:);
scanf(%f,&temp);
y = temp;
}
void CDiem::Xuat()
{
printf((%f,%f),x,y);
}

Chng 03 - 30
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
float CDiem::KhoangCach(CDiem P)
{
return sqrt((x-P.x)*(x-P.x)
+(y-P.y)*(y-P.y));
}

Chng 03 - 31
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
CDiem A,B;
A.Nhap();
B.Nhap();
A.Xuat();
B.Xuat();
printf(\n Khoang cach:
%f, kq);
20. }

Chng 03 - 32
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11. #include
<stdio.h>
13. #include <math.h>
14. class CDiem
15. {
16.
private:
17.
float x;
18.
float y;
19.
public:
20.
void Nhap();
21.
void Xuat();
22.
float KhoangCach(CDiem);
23. };
Chng 03 - 33
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
{
+(y-P.y)*(y-P.y));
}

Chng 03 - 34
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
{
+(y-P.y)*(y-P.y));
}

Chng 03 - 35
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
{
+(y-P.y)*(y-P.y));
}

Chng 03 - 36
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
{
+(y-P.y)*(y-P.y));
}
float kq = B.KhoangCach(A);

Chng 03 - 37
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
7. BI TP V NH
Lm tt c cc bi
tp ca chng 01
bng phng php
lp trnh hng i
tng (9 bi).

Chng 03 - 38
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 4
S LC TH VIN
IOSTREAM.H

Chng 04 - 1
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. V D DN NHP 1
Bi ton: Vit lnh nhp gi tr cho

mt s nguyn a v xut s nguyn
ra mn hnh bng cch s dng th
vin iostream.h
Phong cch c
1. int a;
2. printf(Nhap mot so nguyen:);
3. scanf(%d,&a);
4. printf(So nguyen vua nhap:%d,a);
on chng trnh vi th vin

iostream.h
1. int a;
2. cout<<Nhap mot so nguyen: ;
3. cin>>a;
4. cout<<So nguyen vua nhap:<<a;
Chng 04 - 2
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
Bi ton: Vit hm nhp thng

tin ca mt phn s bng cch
s dng th vin iostream.h
Cu trc d liu
1.
struct phanso
{
int tu;
int mau;
};
typedef struct phanso
PHANSO;
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
nh ngha hm

Chng 04 - 3
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP 2 (tip)
nh ngha hm
11. void
Nhap(PHANSO &x)
12. {
13.
cout<<Nhap tu:;
14.
cin>>x.tu;
15.
cout<<Nhap mau:;
16.
cin>>x.mau;
17. }
18. void
Xuat(PHANSO x)
19. {
20.
cout<<x.tu<</<<x.mau;
21. }
Chng 04 - 4
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. T VN
Nhp xut mt i tng phn s

1.
CPhanSo a;
2.
a.Nhap();
3.
a.Xuat();
Nhp, xut mt i tng phn s vi

th vin iostream.h
1.
CPhanSo a;
2.
cin>>a;
3.
cout<<a;
Lm sao?
Lu
K hiu >> c gi l ton t vo.
K hiu << c gi l ton t ra.

Chng 04 - 5
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. GII QUYT VN
gii quyt vn trn ta phi nh

ngha
Ton t vo (operator>>)
Ton t ra (operator <<)
cho lp i tng CPhanSo.
Ngoi ra, trong khi gii quyt vn

ny ta cn s dng k thut hm bn
(friend function) ca phng php lp
trnh hng i tng.
Mt hm bn ca lp i tng
c php truy xut n tt c cc
thnh phn ca i tng thuc v
lp bt chp thnh phn c khai
bo trong phm vi no.
Chng 04 - 6
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. GII QUYT VN (tip)

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
friend istream& operator >>
(istream &is,CPhanSo &x);
friend ostream& operator <<
(ostream &os,CPhanSo &x);
21. };
Chng 04 - 7
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 8
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 9
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 10
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 11
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 12
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 13
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 14
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 15
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 16
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 17
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
nh ngha ton t vo
1.
istream& operator >>(istream &is,

CPhanSo &x)
2.
3.
cout << Nhap tu;
4.
is >> x.tu;
5.
cout << Nhap mau;
6.
is >> x.mau;
7.
return is;
8.
TiHong
sao Quc
phi tr v mt i
GV. Nguyn Sn
Chng 04 - 18
tng
thucKhang
lp istream?
ThS. Nguyn Tn
Trn Minh
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 19
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT

nh ngha ton t ra
1.
ostream& operator <<(ostream &os,

CPhanSo &x)
2.
3.
os<< x.tu<</<<x.mau;
4.
return os;
5.
Ti sao phi tr v mt i
tng thuc lp ostream?

Chng 04 - 20
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

Khai bo lp
11.
class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public:
21. };
Chng 04 - 21
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. HNG DN S DNG 1
Hy xem xt on chng trnh sau:

1.
CPhanSo a;
2.
cin >> a;
3.
cout <<a ;
Trong cu lnh th hai ca on

chng trnh trn ta ni: hm
operator >> c gi thc hin vi 2
i s l cin v i tng a.
Trong cu lnh th ba ca on
operator << c gi thc hin vi 2
i s l cout v i tng a.

Chng 04 - 22
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. HNG DN S DNG 2
Hy xem xt on chng trnh sau:

1.
CPhanSo a,b,c;
2.
cin >>a >>b >>c;
3.
cout <<a <<b <<c;
Trong cu lnh th hai ca on

operator >> c gi thc hin 3 ln.
Trong cu lnh th ba ca on
operator << c gi thc hin 3 ln.
Chng 04 - 23
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. NG DNG
cu: Hy nh
ngha ton t vo v
ton t ra cho lp
i tng CNgay.
Yu

Chng 04 - 24
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
7. NG DNG (tip)
Khai bo lp
11. class CNgay
12.{
13.
private:
14.
int ng;
15.
int th;
16.
int nm;
17.
public:
18.
19.
(istream &is,CNgay &x);
20.
21.
(ostream &os,CNgay &x);
22.};

Chng 04 - 25
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
7. NG DNG (tip)
nh ngha ton t vo
11. istream&
operator >>
(istream &is,CNgay &x)
12. {
13.
cout << Nhap ngay:;
14.
is >> x.ng;
15.
cout << Nhap thang:;
16.
is >> x.th;
17.
cout << Nhap nam:;
18.
is >> x.nm;
19.
return is;
20. }
Chng 04 - 26
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. NG DNG (tip)
nh ngha ton t ra
1.
ostream& operator <<

(ostream &os,CNgay&x)
2.
3.
os<<x.ng<</<<
4.
x.th<</<<
5.
x.nm;
return os;
6.
7.

Chng 04 - 27
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
8. BI TP V NH
Hy khai bo v nh ngha hm ton t

vo v hm ton t ra cho cc lp i
tng sau:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Lp phn s (CPhanSo)
Lp im (CDiem)
Lp ngy (CNgay)
Lp thi gian (CThoiGian)
Lp n thc (CDonThuc)
Lp im khng gian (CDiemKhongGian)
Lp ng thng (CDuongThang)
Lp hn s (CHonSo)
Lp s phc (CSoPhuc)
Lp ng trn (CDuongTron)
Lp lp tam gic (CTamGiac)
Lp hnh cu (CHinhCau)

Chng 04 - 28
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 5
PHNG THC THIT LP,
PHNG THC PH HY

Chng 05 - 1
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
0. MC TIU
Hiu c phng thc thit

lp l g?
Hiu c phng thc ph

hy l g?

Chng 05 - 2
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. PHNG THC THIT LP

CONSTRUCTORS
Mc tiu: cc phng
thc thit lp ca mt
lp c nhim v thit lp
thng tin ban u cho
cc i tng thuc v
lp ngay khi i tng
c khai bo.

Chng 05 - 3
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.1 CC C IM CA
PHNG THC THIT LP
Tn phng thc thit lp trng vi

tn lp.
Khng c gi tr tr v.
c t ng gi thc hin ngay khi

i tng c khai bo.
C th c nhiu phng thc thit lp

trong 1 lp.
Trong mt qu trnh sng ca i

tng th ch c 1 ln duy nht mt
phng thc thit lp c gi thc
hin m thi l khi i tng ra i.
Cc phng thc thit lp ca lp

thuc nhm cc phng thc khi
to.
Chng 05 - 4
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.2 PHN LOI

PHNG THC THIT LP
Ta c th chia cc phng thc thit

lp ca mt lp thnh 3 nhm nh
sau:
Phng thc thit lp mc nh

(default constructor).
Phng thc thit lp sao chp

(copy constructor).
Phng thc thit lp nhn tham s

u vo.
Phng thc thit lp mc nh l

phng thc thit lp cc thng ban
u cho i tng thuc v lp bng
bng nhng gi tr mc nh (do ngi
lp trnh quyt nh).

Chng 05 - 5
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.2 PHN LOI

PHNG THC THIT LP
Phng thc thit lp sao chp (copy

constructor) l phng thc thit lp
nhn tham s u vo l mt i
tng cng thuc v lp. Cc thng
tin ban u ca i tng s hon
ton ging thng tin ca i tng
tham s u vo. Ngoi ra, ngi ta
cn ni phng thc thit lp sao
chp c s dng tao ra i
tng mi ging hon ton i tng
c sn.
Phng thc thit lp nhn tham s

u vo l nhng phng thc thit
lp ko phi l phng thc thit lp
mc nh v phng thc thit lp
sao chp.
Chng 05 - 6
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.3 V D MINH HA
PHNG THC THIT LP
Bi ton: Hy khai bo v nh ngha cc

phng thc thit lp c bn cho lp i
tng CPhanSo
Khai bo lp
11. class
CPhanSo
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
private:
int tu;
int mau;
public:
CPhanSo();
CPhanSo(int, int);
CPhanSo(const CPhanSo&);
20. };
Chng 05 - 7
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.3 V D MINH HA
PHNG THC THIT LP
nh ngha phng thc thit

lp mc nh.
1.
CPhanSo::CPhanSo()
2.
3.
tu = 0;
4.
mau = 1;
5.

Chng 05 - 8
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LTHT
1.3 V D MINH HA
PHNG THC THIT LP
nh ngha phng thc thit lp

sao chp
1.
CPhanSo::CPhanSo(const CPhanSo&x)
2.
3.
tu = x.tu;
4.
mau = x.mau;
5.

Chng 05 - 9
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LTHT
1.3 V D MINH HA
PHNG THC THIT LP
nh ngha phng thc thit

lp khi bit y thng tin
1.
CPhanSo::CPhanSo(int t,
int m)
2.
3.
tu = t;
4.
mau = m;
5.

Chng 05 - 10
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LTHT
1.4 HNG DN S DNG 1
Hy xem xt on chng trnh

sau v cho bit c bao nhiu
phng thc gi thc hin:
1.
CPhanSo a;
2.
a.Nhap();
3.
a.Xuat();
Tr li:
Phng thc.
Phng thc nhp.
Phng thc xut.

Chng 05 - 11
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LTHT
1.5 HNG DN S DNG 2
Hy xem xt on chng trnh sau

v cho bit c bao nhiu phng
thc gi thc hin:
1. CPhanSo a, b(1,2);
2.
a.Nhap();
3.
b.Xuat();
4.
CPhanSo c(a);
5.
c.Xuat();
Tr li:
Phng thc.
Phng thc.
Phng thc.
Phng thc.
Phng thc.
Phng thc.
Chng 05 - 12
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LTHT
1.6 NGHA S DNG

PHNG THC THIT LP
Khi to gi tr ban u cho cc i

tng thuc v lp ngay khi cc i
tng c khai bo.
p kiu t i tng ny sang i

tng khc.

Chng 05 - 13
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Khoa CNTT
1.7 NG DNG
Bi ton: Hy khai bo v nh ngha

cc phng thc thit lp c bn cho
lp i tng ngy.
Khai bo lp.
11. class CNgay
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int ng;
15.
int th;
16.
int nm;
17.
public:
18.
CNgay();
19.
CNgay(const CNgay &);
20.
CNgay(int,int,int);
21. };

Chng 05 - 14
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Khoa CNTT
1.7 NG DNG
nh ngha phng thc thit lp mc
nh.
11. CNgay::CNgay()
12. {
13.
ng = 1;
14.
th = 1;
15.
nm = 1;
16. }

Chng 05 - 15
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.7 NG DNG
nh ngha phng thc thit lp khi
bit y thng tin.
11. CNgay::CNgay(int ngng,
int thth,
int nmnm)
12. {
13.
ng = ngng;
14.
th = thth;
15.
nm = nmnm;
16. }

Chng 05 - 16
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Khoa CNTT
1.7 NG DNG
nh ngha phng thc thit lp sao
chp.
11. CNgay::CNgay(const CNgay &x)
12. {
13.
ng = x.ng;
14.
th = x.th;
15.
nm = x.nm;
16. }

Chng 05 - 17
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LTHT
2. PHNG THC PH HY
DESTRUCTOR
Mc tiu: Phng thc ph

hy ca mt lp c nhim v
dn dp xc cht ca i
tng khi i tng i bn
mui. Ni mt cch khc,
phng thc ph hy c
nhim v thu hi li tt c
cc ti nguyn cp pht
cho i tng khi i tng
ht phm vi hot ng.

Chng 05 - 18
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Khoa CNTT
2.1 CC C IM CA
PHNG THC PH HY
Tn phng thc trng vi tn lp

nhng c du ng ng trc.
Khng c gi tr tr v.
Khng c tham s u vo.
c t ng gi thc hin khi i

tng ht phm vi s dng.
Phng thc ph hu thuc nhm cc

phng thc x l.
C v ch c duy nht mt phng

thc ph hu trong 1 lp m thi.
Trong mt qu trnh sng ca i

tng c v ch c mt ln phng
thc ph hy c gi thc hin m
thi.
Chng 05 - 19
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Khoa CNTT
2.2 V D MINH HA
PHNG THC PH HY
Bi ton: Hy khai bo v nh ngha

phng thc ph hy cho lp i
tng CPhanSo
Khai bo lp
1.
class CPhanSo
2.
3.
private:
4.
int tu;
5.
int mau;
6.
public:
7.
// Phng thc x l
8.
~CPhanSo();
9. };
Chng 05 - 20
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2.2 V D MINH HA
PHNG THC PH HY
nh ngha phng thc ph hy.
1.
CPhanSo::~CPhanSo()
2.
{
return;
3.
4.

Chng 05 - 21
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2.3 HNG DN S DNG
Hy cho bit on chng trnh sau

c bao nhiu phng thc c gi
thc hin. Bit rng trong lp i
tng CPhanSo ta nh ngha 3
pttl c bn v phng thc ph hy.
on chng trnh
11. int x;
12. int y;
13. x = 5;
14. y = 7;
15. if (y > x)
16. {
17.
CPhanSo a;
18.
a.Nhap();
19.
a.Xuat();
20.}
21. cout << x << y;
Chng 05 - 22
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3. BI TP V NH
Hy khai bo v nh ngha cc
phng thc thit lp c bn v
phng thc ph hy cho cc lp i
tng sau:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Lp phn s (CPhanSo)
Lp im (CDiem)
Lp ngy (CNgay)
Lp n thc (CDonThuc)
Lp im khng gian
(CDiemKhongGian)
Lp hn s (CHonSo)
Lp s phc (CSoPhuc)

Chng 05 - 23
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Chng 6
TON T GN (operator=)
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc

Chng 06 - 1
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Khoa CNTT
0. MC TIU
Hiu c phng thc ton t

gn l g?
Hiu c vai tr ca ton t

gn trong lp trnh hng i
tng

Chng 06 - 2
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. KHI NIM
Ton t gn trong lp trnh C

c s dng gn gi tr ca
bin ny cho bin khc.
M rng cho C++ v cc ngn

ng lp trnh hng i tng
khc ta c th ni nh sau: Ton
t gn c s dng gn
thnh phn d liu ca i
tng ny cho i tng
khc.

Chng 06 - 3
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Khoa CNTT
2. T VN
phng thc cn thit cc
cu lnh sau c th thc hin
on chng trnh
CHocSinh a,b;
a.Nhap();
b=a;
b.Xuat();

Chng 06 - 4
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LTHT
3. GII QUYT VN
on chng trnh
CHocSinh a,b;
a.Nhap();
b=a;
b.Xuat();
gii quyt vn trn ta phi

khai bo v nh ngha phng
thc ton t gn cho lp i
tng CHocSinh

Chng 06 - 5
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LTHT
3. GII QUYT VN

tng CHocSinh
Khai bo lp
class CHocSinh
{
private:
char hoten[31];
int toan;
int van;
float dtb;
public:
CHocSinh operator=
(CHocSinh &);
};
Chng 06 - 6
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LTHT
3. GII QUYT VN

tng CHocSinh
Khai bo lp
class CHocSinh
{
private:
char hoten[31];
int toan;
int van;
float dtb;
public:
CHocSinh operator=
(CHocSinh &);
};
Chng 06 - 7
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LTHT
3. GII QUYT VN

tng CHocSinh
Khai bo lp
class CHocSinh
{
private:
char hoten[31];
int toan;
int van;
float dtb;
public:
CHocSinh operator=
(CHocSinh &);
};
Chng 06 - 8
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LTHT
3. GII QUYT VN

tng CHocSinh
Khai bo lp
class CHocSinh
{
private:
char hoten[31];
int toan;
int van;
float dtb;
public:
CHocSinh operator=
(CHocSinh &);
};
Chng 06 - 9
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LTHT
3. GII QUYT VN
nh ngha phng thc ton t gn
CHocSinh CHocSinh::operator=
(CHocSinh&x)
{
strcpy(hoten,x.hoten);
toan = x.toan;
van = x.van;
dtb = x.dtb;
return *this;
}

Chng 06 - 10
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. CC GHI CH
QUAN TRNG
Ton t gn c ci t bn
trong lp CHocSinh nh l mt
phng thc ca lp.
Min gi tr ca mt bin con tr

l a ch nh.
Min gi tr ca mt con tr i
tng l a ch nh.
Bn trong thn ca mt phng

thc, this l mt con tr i
tng thuc v lp m phng
thc thuc v.

Chng 06 - 11
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LTHT
4. CC GHI CH
QUAN TRNG
Bn trong thn ca mt phng
thc, this l mt con tr i
tng thuc v lp m phng
thc thuc v.
+ V d 01: Bn trong thn
phng thc nhap ca lp
CPhanSo, this l con tr i
tng thuc v lp CPhanSo.
phng thc xut ca lp
CDiem, this l con tr i
tng thuc v lp CDiem.
phng thc operator = ca
lp CHocSinh, this l con tr
i tng thuc v lp
CHocSinh.
GV. Nguy
n Sn Hong Quc
Chng 06 - 12
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. CC GHI CH
QUAN TRNG
Bn trong thn phng thc ca

mt lp, this l mt con tr i
tng gi a ch ca i tng
ang gi thc hin phng thc.
Bn trong thn phng thc ca

mt lp, this l mt con tr i
tng gi a ch ca i tng
ang gi thc hin phng thc.
Hn na *this chnh l i
tng ang gi thc hin
phng thc.

Chng 06 - 13
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LTHT
5. HNG DN S DNG
(CHocSinh&x)
{
toan = x.toan;
van = x.van;
dtb = x.dtb;
return *this;
}
Hng dn s dng 01:
1. CHocSinh a,b;
2. a.nhap();
3. b = a;
Trong cu lnh th 3 ca on
chng trnh trn ta ni: i tng b
gi thc hin phng thc ton t
gn vi tham s l i tng a.
Chng 06 - 14
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LTHT
5. HNG DN S DNG
(CHocSinh&x)
{
toan = x.toan;
van = x.van;
dtb = x.dtb;
return *this;
}

Chng 06 - 15
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LTHT
5. HNG DN S DNG
(CHocSinh&x)
{
toan = x.toan;
van = x.van;
dtb = x.dtb;
return *this;
}
Hng dn s dng 02:
1. CHocSinh a,b,c,d,e;
2. e.Nhap();
3. a = b = c = d = e;
Trong cu lnh th 3 ca on
chng trnh trn ta ni: ni khng
ni.
Chng 06 - 16
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LTHT
5. HNG DN S DNG
(CHocSinh&x)
{
toan = x.toan;
van = x.van;
dtb = x.dtb;
return *this;
}

Chng 06 - 17
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
Hy khai bo v nh ngha phng thc
ton t gn cho lp i tng CHonSo
Khai bo lp
class CHonSo
{
private:
int nguyen;
int tu;
int mau;
public:
CHonSo operator=(CHonSo &);
};

Chng 06 - 18
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. NG DNG
CHonSo CHonSo::operator =
(CHonSo &x)
{
nguyen = x.nguyen;
tu = x.tu;
mau = x.mau;
return *this;
}

Chng 06 - 19
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LTHT
7. BI TP V NH
Hy khai bo v nh ngha
phng thc ton t gn cho
cc lp i tng sau:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Lp phn s (CPhanSo)
Lp im (CDiem)
Lp ngy (CNgay)
Lp n thc (CDonThuc)
Lp
im
khng
gian
(CDiemKhongGian)
Lp hn s (CHonSo)
Lp s phc (CSoPhuc)

Chng 06 - 20
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LTHT
8. BI TP NP MOODLE
Bi 1: Vit chng trnh thc hin
c hm main nh sau i vi i
tng CPhanSo.
1. void main()
2. {
3.
CPhanSo a, b;
4.
a.Nhap();
5.
b = a;
6.
a.Xuat();
7.
b.Xuat();
8. }
Bi 2 n Bi 12: Vit tng t cho
cc lp i tng cn li.

Chng 06 - 21
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LTHT
8. BI TP NP MOODLE
Yu cu chung:
+
Lm tt c cc bi tp trong
mt workspace c tn l
MSSV_BT06.
Trong workspace c 12
project tng ng vi tng bi
tp (BT01, BT02, BT03,
BT12)
Np bi tp ln h thng
Moodle theo qui nh.

Chng 06 - 22
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 7
TON T S HC

Chng 07 - 1
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
0. MC TIU
Hiu c cc ton t s hc l
g?
Hiu c vai tr ca ton t s

hc trong C++

Chng 07 - 2
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. BI TON DN NHP
Bi ton: Vit chng trnh nhp
vo hai phn s. Tnh tng gia
chng v xut kt qu bng
phng php lp trnh hng i
tng.
Chng trnh
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
class CPhanSo
{
private:
int tu;
int mau;
public:
void Nhap();
void Xuat();
CPhanSo Tong(CPhanSo);
};

Chng 07 - 3
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. BI TON DN NHP
void main()
{
CPhanSo a,b,kq;
a.Nhap();
b.Nhap();
kq = a.Tong(b);
printf(Tong la:);
kq.Xuat();
}

Chng 07 - 4
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. BI TON DN NHP
void CPhanSo::Nhap()
{
printf(Nhap tu:);
scanf(%d,&tu);
printf(Nhap mau:);
scanf(%d,&mau);
}
void CPhanSo::Xuat()
{
printf(%d/%d,tu,mau);
}
Chng 07 - 5
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Khoa CNTT
1. BI TON DN NHP
CPhanSo CPhanSo::Tong(CPhanSo x)
{
CPhanSo temp;
temp.tu= tu*x.mau + mau*x.tu;
temp.mau= mau*x.mau;
return temp;
}
kq = a.Tong(b);
x
a
c
b
d
temp
ad bc
bd

Chng 07 - 6
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. KHI NIM
Trong ngn ng lp trnh C c cc

ton t s hc nh sau:
Ton t cng (operator +)

Ton t tr (operator -)
Ton t nhn (operator *)
Ton t chia (operator /)
Ton t mod (operator %)
Ton t cng bng (operator +=)
Ton t tr bng (operator -=)
Ton t nhn bng (operator *=)
Ton t chia bng (operator /=)
Ton t mod bng (operator %=)
Ton t tng mt (operator ++)
Ton t gim mt (operator --)

Chng 07 - 7
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. T VN
phng thc v ton t cn thit
cc cu lnh sau c th thc hin.
Cc cu lnh
11.CPhanSo
a,b,kq;
12.cin>>a>>b;
13.kq = a + b;
14.cout<<Tong:<<kq;
15.kq = a b;
16.cout<<Hieu:<<kq;
17.kq = a * b;
18.cout<<Tich:<<kq;
19.kq = a / b;
20.cout<<Thuong:<<kq;
Chng 07 - 8
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. GII QUYT VN
gii quyt vn trn ta phi khai bo

v nh ngha cc ton t s hc cho lp
i tng CPhanSo.
Khai bo lp
class CPhanSo
{
private:
int tu;
int mau;
public:
CPhanSo Tong(CPhanSo);
CPhanSo
CPhanSo
CPhanSo
CPhanSo
};
operator+(CPhanSo);
operator-(CPhanSo);
operator*(CPhanSo);
operator/(CPhanSo);

Chng 07 - 9
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LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
CPhanSo CPhanSo::operator+
(CPhanSo x)
{
CPhanSo temp;
temp.tu = tu*x.mau+mau*x.tu;
temp.mau = mau*x.mau;
return temp;
}
CPhanSo CPhanSo::operator(CPhanSo x)
{
CPhanSo temp;
temp.tu = tu*x.mau-mau*x.tu;
return temp;
}
Chng 07 - 10
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LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
CPhanSo CPhanSo::operator*
(CPhanSo x)
{
CPhanSo temp;
temp.tu = tu*x.tu;
return temp;
}
CPhanSo CPhanSo::operator/
(CPhanSo x)
{
CPhanSo temp;
temp.tu = tu*x.mau;
temp.mau = mau*x.tu;
return temp;
}GV. Nguyn Sn Hong Quc
Chng 07 - 11
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LTHT
5. BI TP V NH
Bi 01: Hy nh ngha cc ton

t +,-,*,/,+=,-=,*=,/=,++,-- cho lp
i tng CPhanSo

t +,-,*,/,+=,-=,*=,/= cho lp i
tng CSoPhuc.

t *,/,*=,/= cho lp i tng
CDonThuc.

t +,-,*,/,+=,-=,*=,/= cho lp i
tng CDaThuc.

Chng 07 - 12
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LTHT
Chng 8
TON T SO SNH

Chng 08 - 1
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
0. MC TIU
Hiu c phng thc ton t so

snh l g?
Ci t ton t so snh cho cc lp

i tng.

Chng 08 - 2
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Khoa CNTT
1. KHI NIM
Ton t so snh trong ngn ng lp

trnh C c s dng so snh gi
tr ca bin ny vi gi tr ca bin
khc.
M rng cho phng php lp trnh

hng i tng vi C++ ta th ni
ton t so snh c s dng so
snh i tng ny vi i tng
khc.
Hin nhin vic so snh hai i tng

phi c thc hin theo mt tiu ch
no .

Chng 08 - 3
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LTHT
2. CC TON T
SO SNH C BN
Ton t so snh ln hn (operator >)
Ton t so snh nh hn (operator <)
Ton t so snh ln hn bng (operator>=)
Ton t so snh nh hn bng (operator<=)
Ton t so snh bng (operator ==)
Ton t so snh khc (operator !=)

Chng 08 - 4
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Khoa CNTT
3. T VN
Hy nh ngha cc phng thc

cn thit cho lp i tng
CHocSinh cc cu lnh sau
c th thc thi c.
on chng trnh
1.
CHocSinh a,b;
2.
cin>>a>>b;
3.
if (a>b)
4.
5.
6.
cout<<DTB a lon hon DTB b;
else
cout<<DTB a ko lon hon b;

Chng 08 - 5
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
on chng trnh
1.
CHocSinh a,b;
2.
cin>>a>>b;
3.
if (a>b)
4.
5.
6.
cout<<DTB a lon hon DTB b;
else
cout<<DTB a ko lon hon b;
gii quyt vn trn ta phi khai

bo v nh ngha phng thc ton
t so snh ln hn cho lp i tng
CPhanSo.

Chng 08 - 6
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LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
Khai bo lp
11. class CHocSinh
12. {
13.
private:
14.
char hoten[31];
15.
int toan;
16.
int van;
17.
float dtb;
18.
public:
19.
int operator>(CHocSinh);
20.
int operator<(CHocSinh);
21.
int operator>=(CHocSinh);
22.
int operator =(CHocSinh);
23.
int operator==(CHocSinh);
24.
int operator!=(CHocSinh);
25. };

Chng 08 - 7
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LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
nh ngha cc phng thc
11. int CHocSinh::operator >
(CHocSinh x)
12. {
13.
if(dtb>x.dtb)
14.
return 1;
15.
return 0;
16. }
17. int CHocSinh::operator <
(CHocSinh x)
18. {
19.
if(dtb<x.dtb)
20.
return 1;
21.
return 0;
22. }

Chng 08 - 8
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
nh ngha cc phng thc
11. int CHocSinh::operator >=
(CHocSinh x)
12. {
13.
if(dtb>=x.dtb)
14.
return 1;
15.
return 0;
16. }
17. int CHocSinh::operator <=
(CHocSinh x)
18. {
19.
if(dtb<=x.dtb)
20.
return 1;
21.
return 0;
22. }

Chng 08 - 9
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. GII QUYT VN
nh ngha cc phng thc
11. int CHocSinh::operator ==
(CHocSinh x)
12. {
13.
if(dtb==x.dtb)
14.
return 1;
15.
return 0;
16. }
17. int CHocSinh::operator !=
(CHocSinh x)
18. {
19.
if(dtb!=x.dtb)
20.
return 1;
21.
return 0;
22. }

Chng 08 - 10
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
Bi ton: Hy nh ngha cc ton t so
snh cho lp i tng CPhanSo
11. class CPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
int tu;
15.
int mau;
16.
public:
17.
CPhanSo operator-(CPhanSo);
18.
int operator > (CPhanSo);
19.
int operator < (CPhanSo);
20.
int operator >= (CPhanSo);
21.
int operator <= (CPhanSo);
22.
int operator == (CPhanSo);
23.
int operator != (CPhanSo);
24. };

Chng 08 - 11
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
1.
CPhanSo CPhanSo::operator(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
CPhanSo temp;
4.
temp.tu=tu*x.mau-mau*x.tu;
5.
temp.mau=mau*x.mau;
6.
return temp;
7.

Chng 08 - 12
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
nh ngha cc ton t so snh
1.
int CPhanSo::operator>
(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
CPhanSo temp = *this x;
4.
if(temp.tu*temp.mau>0)
return 1;
5.
else
6.
return 0;
7.
8.

Chng 08 - 13
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
1.
int CPhanSo::operator<
(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
4.
if(temp.tu*temp.mau<0)
return 1;
5.
else
6.
return 0;
7.
8.

Chng 08 - 14
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
1.
int CPhanSo::operator<=
(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
4.
if(temp.tu*temp.mau<=0)
return 1;
5.
else
6.
return 0;
7.
8.

Chng 08 - 15
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
1.
int CPhanSo::operator>=
(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
4.
if(temp.tu*temp.mau>=0)
return 1;
5.
else
6.
return 0;
7.
8.

Chng 08 - 16
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
1.
int CPhanSo::operator==
(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
4.
if(temp.tu*temp.mau==0)
return 1;
5.
else
6.
return 0;
7.
8.

Chng 08 - 17
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. NG DNG
1.
int CPhanSo::operator!=
(CPhanSo x)
2.
3.
4.
if(temp.tu*temp.mau!=0)
return 1;
5.
else
6.
return 0;
7.
8.

Chng 08 - 18
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
6. BI TP
Bi 01: Hy nh ngha tt c cc
phng thc ton t so snh
cho lp i tng CPhanSo.
cho lp i tng CHonSo.
cho lp i tng CDiem trong
mt phng Oxy. Bit rng tiu
chun so snh 2 im l so
snh theo khong cch ti gc
to . im no xa gc hn
th ln hn.

Chng 08 - 19
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
6. BI TP
Bi 04: Hy nh ngha ton t

so snh bng v ton t so snh
khc cho tt c cc i tng
sau:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Lp im (CDiem)
Lp ngy (CNgay)
Lp n thc (CDonThuc)
Lp im khng gian
(CDiemKhongGian)
Lp s phc (CSoPhuc)
10.
Chng 08 - 20
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 9
K THA

Chng 09 - 1
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
0. MC TIU
Hiu c cc loi quan h?
Hiu c k tha trong lp trnh

hng i tng l g?
Hiu c khi nim cy k tha.
Hiu c khi nim s lp.

Chng 09 - 2
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.QUAN H
Ngi ta chia cc quan h thnh
nhng loi nh sau:
Quan h mt mt (1-1)
Quan h mt nhiu (1-n)
Quan h nhiu nhiu (m-n)
Quan h t bit ha, tng qut ha.

Chng 09 - 3
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.1. QUAN H MT MT (1-1)
Khi nim: Hai lp i tng c

gi l quan h mt-mt vi nhau khi
mt i tng thuc lp ny quan h
vi mt i tng thuc lp kia v mt
i tng thuc lp kia quan h duy
nht vi mt i tng thuc lp ny.
Hnh v
Quan H
Trong hnh v trn ta ni: mt i

tng thuc lp A quan h vi mt i
tng thuc lp B v mt i tng
lp B quan h duy nht vi mt i
tng thuc lp A.
Chng 09 - 4
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.1 QUAN H MT MT (1-1)
V d minh ha
LOPHOC
VO
Ch nhim
Hn nhn

GIAOVIEN
CHONG
Chng 09 - 5
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.2. QUAN H MT NHIU (1-n)

gi l quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau khi
vi nhiu i tng thuc lp kia v
mt i tng lp kia quan h duy
Hnh v
Quan H

tng thuc lp A quan h vi nhiu
i tng thuc lp B v mt i
tng lp B quan h duy nht vi mt
i tng thuc lp A.
Chng 09 - 6
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.2 QUAN H MT NHIU (1-n)
V d minh ha:
LOPHOC
CHA
HOASI
Huyt thng
Sng tc

HOCSINH
CON
TACPHAM
Chng 09 - 7
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
V d minh ha:

Chng 09 - 8
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.3 QUAN H NHIU NHIU

(m-n)
Khi nim: hai lp i tng c

gi l quan h nhiu-nhiu vi nhau
khi mt i tng thuc lp ny quan
h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp kia
v mt i tng lp kia cng c quan
h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp ny.
Hnh v
Quan H

tng lp B cng c quan h vi
nhiu i tng thuc lp A.
Chng 09 - 9
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

(m-n)
V d minh ha:
NAM
BACSI
yu
Khm bnh
BENHNHAN

Chng 09 - 10
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT

(m-n)
V d minh ha:

Chng 09 - 11
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.4. QUAN H C BIT HATNG QUT HO

gi l quan h c bit ha-tng qut
ha vi nhau khi, lp i tng ny l
trng hp c bit ca lp i tng
kia v lp i tng kia l trng hp
tng qut ca lp i tng ny.
Hnh v
A
B
Chng 09 - 12
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.4. QUAN H T BIT HATNG QUT HO
Hnh v
A
B
Trong hnh v trn ta ni: lp i

tng B l trng hp c bit ca
lp i tng A v lp i tng A l
trng hp tng qut ca lp i
tng B.

Chng 09 - 13
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
V d 1:
TAMGIAC
TAMGIACCAN

Chng 09 - 14
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
V d 2:
DONGVAT
NGUOI

HEO
Chng 09 - 15
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. CY K THA
Khi nim: Cy k tha l mt cy a

nhnh th hin mi quan h c bit
ha-tng qut ha gia cc lp trong
h thng, chng trnh.
V d: Hy v cy k tha cho cc lp
i tng sau:
Lp XELAM
Lp XEDAP
Lp XEGANMAY Lp XE
Lp XEHOI
Lp XEHAIBANH Lp XEBONBANH
Lp XETAINHE
Lp XEBABANH
Lp XEXICHLO

Chng 09 - 16
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. CY K THA (tip)

Chng 09 - 17
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. S LP
Khi nim: S lp l s th
hin tt c cc mi quan h gia cc
lp trong h thng, chng trnh.
V d minh ha: Hy v s lp cho

cc lp i tng sau:
Lp GIAOVIEN
Lp HOCSINH
Lp LOPHOC
Lp MONHOC
Lp NHANVIEN: tt c nhng ngi

lm vic trong trng.
Lp CNV: l nhng ngi lm vic

trong nh trng nhng ko trc tip
ng lp. V d: Bo v, lao cng, bo
mu,

Chng 09 - 18
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. S LP

Chng 09 - 19
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. K THA TRONG C++
Th gii thc
Lp trnh hng i tng vi C++
Phm vi truy xut
T kho dn xut

Chng 09 - 20
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4.1 TH GII THC
A
B
Trong hnh v trn ta ni A v B

c quan h c bit ho, tng
qut ho vi nhau. Trong B l
trng hp t bit ca A, v A
l trng hp tng qut ca B.

Chng 09 - 21
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.2 LTHT VI C++

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
class A
{
...
};
class B:<t kha dn xut> A
{
...
};
B
Trong khai bo trn ta ni lp B
k tha t lp A.
Lp i tng A c gi l lp
c s.
Lp i tng B c gi l lp
dn xut t lp i tng A.

Chng 09 - 22
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT
Mt thuc tnh hay mt phng

thc khi c khai bo trong mt
lp ta c th khai bo trong 3
phm vi khc nhau: private,
public hoc protected.
V mt nguyn tc cho ti thi

im ny th mt thuc tnh hay
mt phng thc khi c khai
bo trong phm vi private hay
protected th tng ng
nhau. Ngha l, thuc tnh v
phng thc c khai bo
trong hai phm vi ny ch c
php truy xut bn trong lp m
thi v khng c quyn truy
xut t bn ngoi lp.

Chng 09 - 23
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

V d: Hy cho bit trong on
chng trnh sau cu lnh no ng,
cu lnh no sai.
1. class A
2. {
3.
private:
4.
int a;
5.
void f();
6.
protected:
7.
int b;
8.
void g();
9.
public:
10.
int c;
11.
void h();
12. };

Chng 09 - 24
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

13. void A::f()
14. {
15.
a = 1;
16.
b = 2;
17.
c = 3;
18. }
19. void A::g()
20. {
21.
a = 4;
22.
b = 5;
23.
c = 6;
24. }
25. void A::h()
26. {
27.
a = 7;
28.
b = 8;
29.
c = 9;
30. }
Chng 09 - 25
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

31. void
main()
32. {
33.
A x;
34.
x.a = 10;
35.
x.f();
36.
x.b = 20;
37.
x.g();
38.
x.c = 30;
39.
x.h();
40. }

Chng 09 - 26
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
class A
{
...
};
{
...
};
B
k tha t lp A.
c s.

Chng 09 - 27
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT
Trong ngn ng C++ c ba loi t

kha dn xut l: private,
protected v public. Thng thng
trong thc t ngi ta hay s dng t
kha dn xut public l nhiu nht.

Chng 09 - 28
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT
V d 01: Khai bo lp tam

gic v lp tam gic cn.
1.
class CTamGiac
2.
{
...
3.
4.
};
5.
class CTamGiacCan:public
CTamGiac
6.
{
...
7.
8.
TAMGIAC
};
TAMGIACCAN

Chng 09 - 29
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT

V d 02: Khai bo lp ng
vt, lp heo v lp ngi.
11. class CDongVat
12. {
13.
...
14. };
15. class CHeo:private CDongVat
16. {
17.
...
18. };
19. class CNguoi:public CDongVat
20. {
21.
...
22. };

Chng 09 - 30
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
Bng qui tc k tha trong C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public
Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi

l private, protected, public. Cc sinh
vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut
protected trong ti liu.
Chng 09 - 31
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 09 - 32
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private

Chng 09 - 33
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected

Chng 09 - 34
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 09 - 35
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 09 - 36
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 09 - 37
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 09 - 38
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Private
Public
||
||
Protected
Public

Chng 09 - 39
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Private
Public
||
||
private
Public

Chng 09 - 40
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Private
Public
||
||
private
protected
Public

Chng 09 - 41
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
||
||
Protected
private
protected
Public
private
Phm vi lp
c s
Private

Chng 09 - 42
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
||
||
Protected
private
protected
Public
private
public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private

Chng 09 - 43
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c

khai bo trong phm vi private ca lp
c s th s khng c hiu lp
dn xut.

khai bo trong phm vi protected ca
lp c s nu c dn xut bng t
kha private th cc thuc tnh v
phng thc s c hiu lp
dn xut nh l thnh phn private
ca lp dn xut.

kha public th cc thuc tnh v
phng thc s c hiu lp
dn
xut
lQuc
thnh phn
protected
GV.
Nguyn
Snnh
Hong
Chng 09 - 44
ThS.
Nguyn
Tn Trn
Minh Khang
ca
lp dn
xut.
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

khai bo trong phm vi public ca lp
c s nu c dn xut bng t
phng thc s c hiu lp
ca lp dn xut.

phng thc s c hiu lp
dn xut nh l thnh phn public ca
lp dn xut.

Chng 09 - 45
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Private
(1)
(2)
Protected
(3)
(4)
Public
(5)
(6)
Phm vi lp
c s

Chng 09 - 46
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Chng 09 - 47
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

Chng 09 - 48
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

Chng 09 - 49
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
6. CY K THA CHI TIT
Qui tc v cy k tha chi tit:

Cc thuc tnh v phng thc
thuc phm vi private c v vi
mu xanh bn tri.
thuc phm vi protected c v
vi mu xanh bn phi.
thuc phm vi public c v vi
mu bn phi.
c do k tha c v bng nt
t khng lin tc.
Cc thuc tnh v phng thc ca
chnh bn thn lp c v bng
nt lin lin tc.
Chng 09 - 50
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. CY K THA CHI TIT

b
a
f()
g()
A
public
B
c
h()
t
aa()
b
g()
z
xy()
c
h()
Chng 09 - 51
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. CY K THA CHI TIT

a
f()
x
ab()
y
g()
x
public
t
h()
B
public
x
uv()
k
mn()
p
ab()
ab()
g()
q
xyz()
z
p
ab()
g() abc(int)

k
mn()
Chng 09 - 52
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
V d dn nhp 01: Hy cho bit trong

chng trnh di y cu lnh no
ng cu lnh no sai:
11. class A
12.{
13.
...
14.};
15.class B:public
16.{
17.
...
18.};
19.void main()
20.{
21.
A a;
22.
B b;
23.
a = b;
24.
b = a;
25.}

Chng 09 - 53
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
V d dn
nhp 02: Hy
cho bit on
chng trnh
di y cu
lnh
no
ng,
cu
lnh no sai:
1.
2.
3.
4.
class A
{
...
};
5. class B:
6. {
7.
...
8. };
9. void main()
10.{
11.
A *a;
12.
B *b;
13.
A x;
14.
B y;
15.
a = &x;
16.
17.
18.
19.}
b = &y;
a = &y;
b = &x;
public A

Chng 09 - 54
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
Ton t gn trong k tha c

thc hin theo nguyn tc:
trng hp t bit c th
c gn cho trng hp
tng qut, v trng hp tng
qut th khng th gn cho
trng hp t bit c.
Qui tc trn p dng cho tt c

cc ngn ng h tr lp trnh
hng i tng nh C++, Java,
VB.NET, C#, Python,...

Chng 09 - 55
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7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
p dng qui tc trn cho ngn

C++ ta c th ni nh sau: mt
i tng thuc lp dn xut
c th c gn cho mt i
tng thuc lp c s. iu
ngc li l sai, ngha l mt i
tng thuc lp c s khng
c quyn gn cho mt i
tng thuc lp dn xut.

Chng 09 - 56
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Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA

ng cu lnh no sai:
11. class A
12.{
13.
...
14.};
15.class B:public
16.{
17.
...
18.};
19.void main()
20.{
21.
A a;
22.
B b;
23.
a = b;
24.
b = a;
25.}

Chng 09 - 57
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Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
M rng qui tc trn cho con tr

i tng ta c th ni nh sau:
mt con tr i tng thuc
lp c s c th gi a ch
ca mt i tng thuc lp
dn xut. Ngc lai, mt con
tr i tng thuc lp dn
xut khng th gi a ch ca
mt i tng thuc lp c
s.

Chng 09 - 58
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
Hy cho bit on chng trnh di
y cu lnh no ng, cu lnh no
sai:
11. class A
12.{
13.};
14.class B:public A
15.{
16.};
17.void main()
18.{
19.
A *a;
20.
B *b;
21.
A x;
22.
B y;
23.
a = &x;
24.
b = &y;
25.
a = &y;
26.
b = &x;
27.}

Chng 09 - 59
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 10
MNG MT CHIU
CN BN

Chng 10- 1
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. V D DN NHP 1
Bi ton: Vit chng trnh thc hin

cc yu cu sau bng phng php
lp trnh hng i tng
+
Nhp mng mt chiu cc s nguyn
Xut mng mt chiu cc s nguyn
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong mng
Chng trnh

Chng 10- 2
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. #include
12. class
<iostream.h>
CMangNguyen
13. {
14.
private:
15.
int a[100];
16.
int n;
17.
public:
18.
void Nhap();
19.
void Xuat();
20.
int Tong();
21. };

Chng 10- 3
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
CMangNguyen x;
14.
x.Nhap();
15.
x.Xuat();
16.
int kq = x.Tong();
17.
cout << Tong = << kq;
18. }

Chng 10- 4
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. void
CMangNguyen::Nhap()
12. {
13.
cout<<"Nhap n : ";
14.
cin>>n;
15.
for (int i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
16.
17.
cout<<a[<< i <<]:;
18.
cin >> a[i];
19.
20. }

Chng 10- 5
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. void
CMangNguyen::Xuat()
12. {
13.
for (int i=0; i<n ;i++)
14.
cout << a[i] <<
15. }

Chng 10- 6
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. int
CMangNguyen::Tong()
12. {
13.
int s = 0;
14.
for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
15.
s = s + a[i];
16.
return s;
17. }

Chng 10- 7
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2

lp trnh hng i tng
+
Nhp mng mt chiu cc s thc
Xut mng mt chiu cc s thc
Tm phn t ln nht trong mng
Chng trnh

Chng 10- 8
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. #include
12. class
<iostream.h>
CMangThuc
13. {
14.
private:
15.
float a[100];
16.
int n;
17.
public:
18.
void Nhap();
19.
void Xuat();
20.
float LonNhat();
21. };

Chng 10- 9
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
CMangThuc x;
14.
x.Nhap();
15.
x.Xuat();
16.
float kq = x.LonNhat();
17.
cout << \n << kq;
18. }

Chng 10- 10
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. void
CMangThuc::Nhap()
12. {
13.
cout << "Nhap n : ";
14.
cin >> n;
15.
16.
17.
cout <<a[<<i<<]:;
18.
cin >> a[i];
19.
20. }

Chng 10- 11
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. void
CMangThuc::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.

cout << a[i] << " ";
15. }

Chng 10- 12
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. float
CMangThuc::LonNhat()
12. {
13.
float lc = a[0];
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i] > lc)

lc = a[i];
return lc;
18. }

Chng 10- 13
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. V D DN NHP 3

lp trnh hng i tng:
+
Nhp mng mt chiu cc phn s
Xut mng mt chiu cc phn s
m s lng gi tr dng c trong

mng
Chng trnh

Chng 10- 14
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. #include
12. class
<iostream.h>
CPhanSo
13. {
14.
private:
15.
int tu;
16.
int mau;
17.
public:
18.
void Nhap();
19.
void Xuat();
20.
int KtDuong();
21. };

Chng 10- 15
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. class
CMangPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
CPhanSo a[100];
15.
int n;
16.
public:
17.
void Nhap();
18.
void Xuat();
19.
int DemDuong();
20. };

Chng 10- 16
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
CMangPhanSo x;
14.
x.Nhap();
15.
x.Xuat();
16.
int kq = x.DemDuong();
17.
cout << "\n" << kq;
18. }

Chng 10- 17
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CPhanSo::Nhap()
12. {
13.
cout<<"Nhap tu :";
14.
cin>>tu;
15.
cout<<"Nhap mau :";
16.
cin>>mau;
17. }

Chng 10- 18
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CPhanSo::Xuat()
12. {
13.
cout << tu << "/" << mau;
14. }

Chng 10- 19
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. int
CPhanSo::KtDuong()
12. {
13.
if (tu*mau > 0)
14.
return 1;
15.
return 0;
16. }

Chng 10- 20
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CMangPhanSo::Nhap()
12. {
13.
14.
cin >> n;
15.
16.
17.
cout<<Nhap a[<<i<<]:;
18.
a[i].Nhap();
19.
20. }

Chng 10- 21
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CMangPhanSo::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
a[i].Xuat();
16.
cout << " ";
17.
18. }

Chng 10- 22
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. int
CMangPhanSo::DemDuong()
12. {
13.
int dem = 0;
14.
15.
if (a[i].KtDuong()==1)
16.
dem = dem + 1;
17.
return dem;
18. }

Chng 10- 23
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
Hy xy dng lp s nguyn vi cc
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc nhp mng
Phng thc xut mng
Phng thc lit k cc gi tr chn

trong mng
Phng thc tnh tng cc phn t

trong mng
Phng thc tnh tng cc gi tr cc

i trong mng
Phng thc m s lng gi tr l

c trong mng
Phng thc m s ln xut hin ca

gi tr x trong mng

Chng 10- 24
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc kim tra mng c tn ti

gi tr 0 hay khng?
Phng thc kim tra mng c ton

chn hay khng?
Phng thc kim tra mng c tng

dn hay khng?
Phng thc sp xp cc gi tr trong

mng tng dn

mng gim dn
Phng thc sp xp cc gi tr l
trong mng tng dn

Chng 10- 25
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. class
CMangNguyen
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
private:
int a[100];
int n;
public:
void Nhap();
void Xuat();
void LietKeChan();
int TinhTong();
int LonNhat();
int TongCucDai();
int DemLe();
int TanSuat(int);
int KTTonTaiKhong();
int KTToanChan();
int KTTangDan();

Chng 10- 26
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. class
CMangNguyen
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
private:
int a[100];
int n;
public:
void SapTang();
void SapGiam();
void SapLeTang();
20. };

Chng 10- 27
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. void
CMangNguyen::Nhap()
12. {
13.
cout<<"Nhap n : ";
14.
cin>>n;
15.
16.
17.
cout<<"a["<<i<< "]:";
18.
cin >> a[i];
19.
20. }

Chng 10- 28
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. void
CMangNguyen::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.

cout <<a[i]<<"
";
15. }

Chng 10- 29
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. void
CMangNguyen::LietKeChan()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)

if (a[i]%2 == 0)
cout << a[i] << " ";
16. }

Chng 10- 30
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Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::TinhTong()
12. {
13.
int s = 0;
14.
15.
s = s + a[i];
16.
return S;
17. }

Chng 10- 31
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::LonNhat()
12. {
13.
int lc = a[0];
14.
15.
if (a[i] > lc)
16.
lc = a[i];
17.
return lc;
18. }

Chng 10- 32
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::TongCucDai()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
if(n<=1)
return 0;
int s = 0;
if(a[0]>a[1])
s = s + a[0];
for(int i=1;i<=n-2;i++)
if(a[i]>a[i-1]&&
a[i]>a[i+1])
s = s + a[i];
if(a[n-1]>a[n-2])
s = s + a[n-1];
return s;
25. }
Chng 10- 33
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::DemLe()
12. {
13.
int dem = 0;
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i]%2!=0)
dem = dem + 1;
return dem;
18. }

Chng 10- 34
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::TanSuat(int x)
12. {
13.
int dem = 0;
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i]==x)
dem = dem + 1;
return dem;
18. }

Chng 10- 35
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11.
int CMangNguyen::KTTonTaiKhong()
12. {
13.
int flag = 0;
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i]==0)
flag = 1;
return flag;
18. }

Chng 10- 36
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::KTToanChan()
12. {
13.
int flag = 1;
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i]%2!=0)
flag = 0;
return flag;
18. }

Chng 10- 37
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. int
CMangNguyen::KTTangDan()
12. {
13.
int flag = 1;
14.
for (int i=0;i<=n-2;i++)
15.
if (a[i]>a[i+1])
16.
17.
flag = 0;
return flag;
18. }

Chng 10- 38
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. void
CMangNguyen::SapTang()
12. {
13.
14.

for (int j=i+1;j<=n-1;j++)
15.
if (a[i]>a[j])
16.
17.
int temp = a[i];
18.
a[i] = a[j];
19.
a[j] = temp;
20.
21. }

Chng 10- 39
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. void
CMangNguyen::SapGiam()
12. {
13.
14.

15.
if (a[i]<a[j])
16.
17.
int temp = a[i];
18.
a[i] = a[j];
19.
a[j] = temp;
20.
21. }

Chng 10- 40
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MNG S NGUYN
11. void
CMangNguyen::SapLeTang()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

if(a[i] < a[j] &&
a[i]%2!=0 &&
a[j]%2!=0)
{
int temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
}
23. }

Chng 10- 41
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
Hy xy dng lp s thc vi cc
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc nhp mng
Phng thc xut mng

trong mng
Phng thc tm phn t nh nht

trong mng

tiu trong mng

gi tr x trong mng

Chng 10- 42
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc kim tra mng c tn ti

gi tr 0 hay khng?
Phng thc kim tra mng c tng

dn hay khng?

mng tng dn

mng gim dn

Chng 10- 43
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. class
CMangThuc
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
private:
float a[100];
int n;
public:
void Nhap();
void Xuat();
float TinhTong();
float NhoNhat();
float TongCucTieu();
int DemXuatHien(float);
int KTTangDan();
void SapTang();
void SapGiam();
27. };
Chng 10- 44
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. void
CMangThuc::Nhap()
12. {
13.
14.
cin >> n;
15.
16.
17.
cout<<a[<<i<< ]:;
18.
cin >> a[i];
19.
20. }

Chng 10- 45
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. void
CMangThuc::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.

cout<<a[i]<<" ";
15. }

Chng 10- 46
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. float
CMangThuc::TinhTong()
12. {
13.
float s = 0;
14.
15.
16.
s = s + a[i];
return s;
17. }

Chng 10- 47
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. float
CMangThuc::NhoNhat()
12. {
13.
float lc = a[0];
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i]<lc)
lc = a[i];
return lc;
18. }

Chng 10- 48
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. int
CMangThuc::TanSuat(float x)
12. {
13.
int dem = 0;
14.
15.
16.
17.
if (a[i]==x)
dem = dem + 1;
return dem;
18. }

Chng 10- 49
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. int
CMangThuc::KTTonTaiKhong()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.

if (a[i]==0)
return 1;
return 0;
17. }

Chng 10- 50
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. int
CMangThuc::KTTangDan()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.

if (a[i-1]<a[i])
return 1;
return 0;
17. }

Chng 10- 51
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. void
CMangThuc::SapTang()
12. {
13.
14.
for(int j=i+1;j<=n-1;j++)
15.
if(a[i]>a[j])
16.
17.
float temp = a[i];
18.
a[i] = a[j];
19.
a[j] = temp;
20.
21. }

Chng 10- 52
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MNG S THC
11. void
CMangThuc::SapGiam()
12. {
13.
14.
for(int j=i+1;j<=n-1;j++)
15.
if(a[i]>a[j])
16.
17.
float temp = a[i];
18.
a[i] = a[j];
19.
a[j] = temp;
20.
21. }

Chng 10- 53
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 11
MA TRN CN BN

Chng 11 - 1
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. V D DN NHP 1

lp trnh hng i tng
+
Nhp ma trn mt chiu cc s

nguyn
Xut ma trn mt chiu cc s nguyn
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong ma trn
Chng trnh

Chng 11 - 2
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. #include
12. class
<iostream.h>
CMaTranNguyen
13. {
14.
private:
15.
int a[100][100];
16.
int m, n;
17.
public:
18.
void Nhap();
19.
void Xuat();
20.
int TinhTong();
21. };

Chng 11 - 3
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
CMaTranNguyen a;
14.
a.Nhap();
15.
a.Xuat();
16.
int kq = a.TinhTong();
17.
cout<<"Tong = "<<kq;
18. }

Chng 11 - 4
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. void
CMaTranNguyen::Nhap()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
cout<<"Nhap m : ";
cin>>m;
cout<<"Nhap n : ";
cin>>n;
for (int i=0 ; i<m ; i++)
for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
{
cout<<"a["<<i<<
"]["<<j<<"]:";
cin>>a[i][j];
}
23. }

Chng 11 - 5
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. void
CMaTranNguyen::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
16.
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
17.
18.
19. }

Chng 11 - 6
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. V D DN NHP 1
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::TinhTong()
12. {
13.
int S = 0;
14.
15.
16.
17.

S = S + a[i][j];
return S;
18. }

Chng 11 - 7
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2

lp trnh hng i tng
+
Nhp ma trn mt chiu cc s thc
Xut ma trn mt chiu cc s thc
Tm phn t ln nht ca ma trn
Chng trnh

Chng 11 - 8
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. #include
<stdio.h>
12. #include
<conio.h>
13. class
CMaTranThuc
14. {
15.
private:
16.
float a[100][100];
17.
int m, n;
18.
public:
19.
void Nhap();
20.
void Xuat();
21.
float LonNhat();
22. };
Chng 11 - 9
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
CMaTranThuc a;
14.
a.Nhap();
15.
a.Xuat();
16.
float kq = a.LonNhat();
17.
printf("...%f", kq);
18. }

Chng 11 - 10
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. void
CMaTranThuc::Nhap()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
printf("Nhap m:");
scanf("%d", &m);
printf("Nhap n : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
{
printf(a[%d][%d]:
,i,j);
scanf("%f", &a[i][j]);
}
23. }

Chng 11 - 11
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. void
CMaTranThuc::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.
{
15.
printf(%8.3f,a[i][j]);
16.
printf(\n);
17.
18.
19. }

Chng 11 - 12
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP 2
11. float
CMaTranThuc::LonNhat()
12. {
13.
float ln = a[0][0];
14.
15.
16.
if (a[i][j] > ln)
17.
18.
ln = a[i][j];
return ln;
19. }

Chng 11 - 13
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. V D DN NHP 3

lp trnh hng i tng
+
Nhp ma trn mt chiu cc phn s
Xut ma trn mt chiu cc phn s
m s lng gi tr dng c trong

ma trn
Chng trnh

Chng 11 - 14
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. #include
<stdio.h>
12. #include
<conio.h>
13. class
CPhanSo
14. {
15.
private:
16.
int tu;
17.
int mau;
18.
public:
19.
void Nhap();
20.
void Xuat();
21.
int KTDuong();
22. };
Chng 11 - 15
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. class
CMaTranPhanSo
12. {
13.
private:
14.
CPhanSo a[100][100];
15.
int m, n;
16.
public:
17.
void Nhap();
18.
void Xuat();
19.
int DemDuong();
20. };

Chng 11 - 16
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
main()
12. {
13.
CMaTranPhanSo a;
14.
a.Nhap();
15.
a.Xuat();
16.
int kq = a.DemDuong();
17.
printf("%d:", kq);
18. }

Chng 11 - 17
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CPhanSo::Nhap()
12. {
13.
printf("Nhap tu :");
14.
scanf("%d", &tu);
15.
printf("Nhap mau :");
16.
scanf("%d", &mau);
17. }

Chng 11 - 18
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CPhanSo::Xuat()
12. {
13.
printf("%d/%d ", tu, mau);
14. }

Chng 11 - 19
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. int
CPhanSo::KTDuong()
12. {
13.
if (tu*mau > 0)
14.
return 1;
15.
return 0;
16. }

Chng 11 - 20
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CMaTranPhanSo::Nhap()
12. {
13.
printf("Nhap m : ");
14.
scanf("%d", &m);
15.
printf("Nhap n : ");
16.
scanf("%d", &n);
17.
for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
18.
19.
20.
printf(a[%d][%d]:,i,j)
21.
a[i][j].Nhap();
22.
23. }
Chng 11 - 21
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. void
CMaTranPhanSo::Xuat()
12. {
13.
for (int i=0; i<m ; i++)
14.
15.
16.
17.
a[i][j].Xuat();
18.
printf( );
19.
20.
printf("\n");
21.
22. }
Chng 11 - 22
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. V D DN NHP 3
11. int
CMaTranPhanSo::DemDuong()
12. {
13.
int dem = 0;
14.
for (int i=0; i<m ; i++)
15.
16.
17.
18.

if(a[i][j].KTDuong()==1)
dem = dem + 1;
return dem;
19. }

Chng 11 - 23
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc nhp ma trn
Phng thc xut ma trn
Phng thc lit k cc gi tr chn

trong ma trn

trong ma trn

i trong ma trn
Phng thc m s lng gi tr l

c trong ma trn

gi tr x trong ma trn

Chng 11 - 24
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc kim tra ma trn c tn

ti gi tr 0 hay khng?
Phng thc kim tra ma trn c ton

chn hay khng?
Phng thc sp xp cc phn t

trong ma trn tng dn t trn xung
di v t tri sang phi

Chng 11 - 25
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. class
CMaTranNguyen
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
private:
int a[100][100];
int m, n;
public:
void Nhap();
void Xuat();
void LietKeChan();
int TinhTong();
int TongCucDai();
int DemLe();
int DemXuatHien(int);
int KTToanChan();
void SapTang();
27. };
Chng 11 - 26
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11.
void CMaTranNguyen::Nhap()
12.
13.
printf(Nhap m : );
14.
scanf(%d, &m);
15.
printf(Nhap n : );
16.
scanf(%d, &n);
17.
18.
19.
20.
printf(a[%d]:, i);
21.
scanf(%d, &a[i][j]);
}
22.
23.

Chng 11 - 27
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. void
CMaTranNguyen::Xuat()
12. {
13.
14.
{
15.
printf(%4d,a[i][j]);
16.
printf(\n);
17.
18.
19. }

Chng 11 - 28
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. void
CMaTranNguyen::LietKeChan()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
if (a[i][j]%2 == 0)
16.
printf(%4d,a[i][j]);
17. }

Chng 11 - 29
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::TinhTong()
12. {
13.
int S=0;
14.
15.
16.
17.

S = S+a[i][j];
return S;
18. }

Chng 11 - 30
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::LonNhat()
12. {
13.
int ln=a[0][0];
14.
15.
16.
if (a[i][j] > ln)
17.
18.
ln = a[i][j];
return ln;
19. }

Chng 11 - 31
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::TongCucDai()
12. {
13.
int S=0;
14.
int ln=LonNhat();
15.
16.
17.

if (a[i][j]==ln)
S = S+a[i][j];
18.
19.
return S;
20. }

Chng 11 - 32
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::DemLe()
12. {
13.
int dem=0;
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

if (a[i][j]%2 == 1)
dem = dem+1;
return dem;
19. }

Chng 11 - 33
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::
DemXuatHien(int x)
12. {
13.
int dem=0;
14.
15.
16.
if (a[i][j] == x)
17.
18.
dem = dem+1;
return dem;
19. }

Chng 11 - 34
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::
KTTonTaiKhong()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
if (a[i][j] == 0)
16.
17.
return 1;
return 0;
18. }

Chng 11 - 35
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11. int
CMaTranNguyen::KTToanChan()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

if (a[i][j]%2 == 1)
return 0;
return 1;
18. }

Chng 11 - 36
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S NGUYN
11.
int CMaTranNguyen::SapTang()
12.
{
for (int k=0; i<m*n-2; k++)
13.
for (int l=k+1; l<n*n-1; l++)
14.
15.
if (a[k/n][k%n]>a[l/n][l%n])
16.
17.
int temp = a[k/n][k%n];
18.
a[k/n][k%n]=a[l/n][l%n];
19.
a[l/n][l%n] = temp;
}
20.
21.

Chng 11 - 37
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc nhp ma trn
Phng thc xut ma trn

trong ma trn

tiu trong ma trn

gi tr x trong ma trn

Chng 11 - 38
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
phng thc nh sau:
+
Phng thc kim tra ma trn c tn

ti gi tr 0 hay khng?
Phng thc sp xp ma trn tng

dn t trn xung di v t tri sang
phi.

Chng 11 - 39
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11. class
CMaTranThuc
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
private:
float a[100][100];
int m, n;
public:
void Nhap();
void Xuat();
float TinhTong();
float NhoNhat();
float TongCucTieu();
int DemXuatHien(float);
void SapTang();
25. };

Chng 11 - 40
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11.
void CMaTranThuc::Nhap()
12.
13.
printf(Nhap n : );
14.
scanf(%d, &n);
15.
16.
17.
18.
printf(a[%d]:, i);
19.
scanf(%f, &a[i][j]);
}
20.
21.

Chng 11 - 41
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11.
void CMaTranThuc::Xuat()
12.
13.
14.
{
15.
printf(%8.3f,a[i][j]);
16.
printf(\n);
17.
18.
19.

Chng 11 - 42
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11. float
CMaTranThuc::TinhTong()
12. {
13.
float S=0;
14.
15.
16.
17.

S = S+a[i][j];
return S;
18. }

Chng 11 - 43
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11. float
CMaTranThuc::NhoNhat()
12. {
13.
float nn=a[0][0];
14.
15.
16.
if (a[i][j] < nn)
17.
18.
nn = a[i][j];
return nn;
19. }

Chng 11 - 44
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11. float
CMaTranThuc::TongCucTieu()
12. {
13.
float S=0;
14.
float nn=NhoNhat();
15.
16.
17.

if (a[i][j]==nn)
S = S+a[i][j];
18.
19.
return S;
20. }

Chng 11 - 45
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11. int
CMaTranThuc::
DemXuatHien(float x)
12. {
13.
int dem=0;
14.
15.
16.
if (a[i][j] == x)
17.
18.
dem = dem+1;
return dem;
19. }

Chng 11 - 46
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11. int
CMaTranThuc::
KTTonTaiKhong()
12. {
13.
14.
15.
if (a[i][j] == 0)
16.
17.
return 1;
return 0;
18. }

Chng 11 - 47
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
4. XY DNG
LP MA TRN S THC
11.
void CMaTranThuc::SapTang()
12.
{
for (int k=0; k<m*n-2; k++)
13.
for (int l=k+1; l<m*n-1; l++)
14.
15.
if (a[k/n][k%n]>a[l/n][l%n])
16.
17.
float temp=a[k/n][k%n];
18.
a[k/n][k%n]=a[l/n][l%n];
19.
a[l/n][l%n]= temp;
}
20.
21.

Chng 11 - 48
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 12
K THA

Chng 12 - 1
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
0. MC TIU
Hiu c cc loi quan h?
Hiu c k tha trong lp trnh

hng i tng l g?
Hiu c khi nim cy k tha.
Hiu c khi nim s lp.

Chng 12 - 2
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
1.QUAN H
Ngi ta chia cc quan h thnh
nhng loi nh sau:
Quan h mt mt (1-1)
Quan h mt nhiu (1-n)
Quan h nhiu nhiu (m-n)
Quan h t bit ha, tng qut ha.

Chng 12 - 3
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.1. QUAN H MT MT (1-1)

gi l quan h mt-mt vi nhau khi
vi mt i tng thuc lp kia v mt
i tng thuc lp kia quan h duy
Hnh v
Quan H

tng thuc lp A quan h vi mt i
tng thuc lp B v mt i tng
lp B quan h duy nht vi mt i
tng thuc lp A.

Chng 12 - 4
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.1 QUAN H MT MT (1-1)
V d minh ha
LOPHOC
VO
Ch nhim
Hn nhn

GIAOVIEN
CHONG
Chng 12 - 5
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.2. QUAN H MT NHIU (1-n)

gi l quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau khi
vi nhiu i tng thuc lp kia v
mt i tng lp kia quan h duy
Hnh v
Quan H

tng lp B quan h duy nht vi mt
i tng thuc lp A.

Chng 12 - 6
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
V d minh ha:
LOPHOC
CHA
HOASI
Huyt thng
Sng tc

HOCSINH
CON
TACPHAM
Chng 12 - 7
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
V d minh ha:

Chng 12 - 8
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

(m-n)

gi l quan h nhiu-nhiu vi nhau
khi mt i tng thuc lp ny quan
h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp kia
v mt i tng lp kia cng c quan
h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp ny.
Hnh v
Quan H

tng lp B cng c quan h vi
nhiu i tng thuc lp A.

Chng 12 - 9
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT

(m-n)
V d minh ha:
NAM
BACSI
yu
Khm bnh
BENHNHAN

Chng 12 - 10
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT

(m-n)
V d minh ha:

Chng 12 - 11
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1.4. QUAN H C BIT HATNG QUT HO

gi l quan h c bit ha-tng qut
ha vi nhau khi, lp i tng ny l
trng hp c bit ca lp i tng
kia v lp i tng kia l trng hp
tng qut ca lp i tng ny.
Hnh v
A
B
Chng 12 - 12
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
Hnh v
A
B
Trong hnh v trn ta ni: lp i

tng B l trng hp c bit ca
lp i tng A v lp i tng A l
trng hp tng qut ca lp i
tng B.

Chng 12 - 13
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
V d 1:
TAMGIAC
TAMGIACCAN

Chng 12 - 14
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
V d 2:
DONGVAT
NGUOI

HEO
Chng 12 - 15
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. CY K THA
Khi nim: Cy k tha l mt cy a

nhnh th hin mi quan h c bit
ha-tng qut ha gia cc lp trong
h thng, chng trnh.
V d: Hy v cy k tha cho cc lp
i tng sau:
Lp XELAM
Lp XEDAP
Lp XEGANMAY Lp XE
Lp XEHOI
Lp XEHAIBANH Lp XEBONBANH
Lp XETAINHE
Lp XEBABANH
Lp XEXICHLO

Chng 12 - 16
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. CY K THA (tip)

Chng 12 - 17
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. S LP
Khi nim: S lp l s th
hin tt c cc mi quan h gia cc
lp trong h thng, chng trnh.
V d minh ha: Hy v s lp cho

cc lp i tng sau:
+
Lp GIAOVIEN
Lp HOCSINH
Lp LOPHOC
Lp MONHOC
Lp NHANVIEN: tt c nhng ngi

lm vic trong trng.
Lp CNV: l nhng ngi lm vic

trong nh trng nhng ko trc tip
ng lp. V d: Bo v, lao cng, bo
mu,

Chng 12 - 18
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
3. S LP

Chng 12 - 19
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LTHT
4. K THA TRONG C++
Th gii thc
Lp trnh hng i tng vi C++
Phm vi truy xut
T kho dn xut

Chng 12 - 20
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4.1 TH GII THC
A
B
Trong hnh v trn ta ni A v B

c quan h c bit ho, tng
qut ho vi nhau. Trong B l
trng hp t bit ca A, v A
l trng hp tng qut ca B.

Chng 12 - 21
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LTHT
4.2 LTHT VI C++

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
class A
{
...
};
{
...
};
B
k tha t lp A.
c s.

Chng 12 - 22
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LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT
Mt thuc tnh hay mt phng

thc khi c khai bo trong mt
lp ta c th khai bo trong 3
phm vi khc nhau: private,
public hoc protected.
V mt nguyn tc cho ti thi

im ny th mt thuc tnh hay
mt phng thc khi c khai
bo trong phm vi private hay
protected th tng ng
nhau. Ngha l, thuc tnh v
phng thc c khai bo
trong hai phm vi ny ch c
php truy xut bn trong lp m
thi v khng c quyn truy
xut t bn ngoi lp.

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LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

V d: Hy cho bit trong on
chng trnh sau cu lnh no ng,
cu lnh no sai.
1. class A
2. {
3.
private:
4.
int a;
5.
void f();
6.
protected:
7.
int b;
8.
void g();
9.
public:
10.
int c;
11.
void h();
12. };

Chng 12 - 24
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

13. void A::f()
14. {
15.
a = 1;
16.
b = 2;
17.
c = 3;
18. }
19. void A::g()
20. {
21.
a = 4;
22.
b = 5;
23.
c = 6;
24. }
25. void A::h()
26. {
27.
a = 7;
28.
b = 8;
29.
c = 9;
30. }
Chng 12 - 25
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

31. void
main()
32. {
33.
A x;
34.
x.a = 10;
35.
x.f();
36.
x.b = 20;
37.
x.g();
38.
x.c = 30;
39.
x.h();
40. }

Chng 12 - 26
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LTHT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
class A
{
...
};
{
...
};
B
k tha t lp A.
c s.

Chng 12 - 27
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LTHT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT
Trong ngn ng C++ c ba loi t

kha dn xut l: private,
protected v public. Thng thng
trong thc t ngi ta hay s dng t
kha dn xut public l nhiu nht.

Chng 12 - 28
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Khoa CNTT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT
V d 01: Khai bo lp tam

gic v lp tam gic cn.
1.
class CTamGiac
2.
{
...
3.
4.
};
5.
class CTamGiacCan:public
CTamGiac
6.
{
...
7.
8.
TAMGIAC
};
TAMGIACCAN

Chng 12 - 29
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LTHT
4.4 T KHA DN XUT

V d 02: Khai bo lp ng
vt, lp heo v lp ngi.
11. class CDongVat
12. {
13.
...
14. };
15. class CHeo:private CDongVat
16. {
17.
...
18. };
19. class CNguoi:public CDongVat
20. {
21.
...
22. };

Chng 12 - 30
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 31
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 32
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private

Chng 12 - 33
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected

Chng 12 - 34
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 35
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 36
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 37
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 38
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Private
Public
||
||
Protected
Public

Chng 12 - 39
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Private
Public
||
||
private
Public

Chng 12 - 40
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Phm vi lp
c s
Private
Protected
Private
Public
||
||
private
protected
Public

Chng 12 - 41
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
||
||
Protected
private
protected
Public
private
Phm vi lp
c s
Private

Chng 12 - 42
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
||
||
Protected
private
protected
Public
private
public
Phm vi lp
c s
Private

Chng 12 - 43
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

khai bo trong phm vi private ca lp
c s th s khng c hiu lp
dn xut.

phng thc s c hiu lp
ca lp dn xut.

phng thc s c hiu lp
dn
xut
nh
lQuc
thnh phn
protected
GV.
Nguy
n Sn
Hong
Chng 12 - 44
ThS.
Nguyn
Tn Trn
Minh Khang
ca
lp dn
xut.
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

phng thc s c hiu lp
ca lp dn xut.

phng thc s c hiu lp
dn xut nh l thnh phn public ca
lp dn xut.

Chng 12 - 45
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

T kha
dn xut
Private
Public
Private
(1)
(2)
Protected
(3)
(4)
Public
(5)
(6)
Phm vi lp
c s

Chng 12 - 46
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Chng 12 - 47
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

Chng 12 - 48
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. QUI TC K THA
TRONG C++

Chng 12 - 49
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
6. CY K THA CHI TIT
Qui tc v cy k tha chi tit:

+ Cc thuc tnh v phng thc
thuc phm vi private c v vi
mu xanh bn tri.
thuc phm vi protected c v
vi mu xanh bn phi.
thuc phm vi public c v vi
mu bn phi.
+ Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c
c do k tha c v bng nt
t khng lin tc.
+ Cc thuc tnh v phng thc ca
chnh bn thn lp c v bng
nt lin lin tc.
Chng 12 - 50
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Khoa CNTT
6. CY K THA CHI TIT

b
a
f()
g()
A
public
B
c
h()
t
aa()
b
g()
z
xy()
c
h()
Chng 12 - 51
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
6. CY K THA CHI TIT

a
f()
x
ab()
y
g()
x
public
t
h()
B
public
x
uv()
k
mn()
p
ab()
ab()
g()
q
xyz()
z
p
ab()
g() abc(int)

k
mn()
Chng 12 - 52
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA

ng cu lnh no sai:
11. class A
12.{
13.
...
14.};
15.class B:public
16.{
17.
...
18.};
19.void main()
20.{
21.
A a;
22.
B b;
23.
a = b;
24.
b = a;
25.}

Chng 12 - 53
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
V d dn
nhp 02: Hy
cho bit on
chng trnh
di y cu
lnh
no
ng,
cu
lnh no sai:
9. void main()
10.{
11.
A *a;
12.
B *b;
13.
A x;
14.
B y;
15.
a = &x;
16.
17.
18.
19.}
1.
2.
3.
4.
class A
{
...
};
5.
6.
7.
8.
class B: public A
{
...
};

b = &y;
a = &y;
b = &x;
Chng 12 - 54
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
Ton t gn trong k tha c

thc hin theo nguyn tc:
trng hp t bit c th
c gn cho trng hp
tng qut, v trng hp tng
qut th khng th gn cho
trng hp t bit c.
Qui tc trn p dng cho tt c

cc ngn ng h tr lp trnh
hng i tng nh C++, Java,
VB.NET, C#, Python,...

Chng 12 - 55
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Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
p dng qui tc trn cho ngn

C++ ta c th ni nh sau: mt
i tng thuc lp dn xut
c th c gn cho mt i
tng thuc lp c s. iu
ngc li l sai, ngha l mt i
tng thuc lp c s khng
c quyn gn cho mt i
tng thuc lp dn xut.

Chng 12 - 56
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA

ng cu lnh no sai:
11. class A
12.{
13.
...
14.};
15.class B:public
16.{
17.
...
18.};
19.void main()
20.{
21.
A a;
22.
B b;
23.
a = b;
24.
b = a;
25.}

Chng 12 - 57
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
M rng qui tc trn cho con tr

i tng ta c th ni nh sau:
mt con tr i tng thuc
lp c s c th gi a ch
ca mt i tng thuc lp
dn xut. Ngc lai, mt con
tr i tng thuc lp dn
xut khng th gi a ch ca
mt i tng thuc lp c
s.

Chng 12 - 58
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
7. TON T GN
TRONG K THA
Hy cho bit on chng trnh di
y cu lnh no ng, cu lnh no
sai:
11. class A
12.{
13.};
14.class B:public A
15.{
16.};
17.void main()
18.{
19.
A *a;
20.
B *b;
21.
A x;
22.
B y;
23.
a = &x;
24.
b = &y;
25.
a = &y;
26.
b = &x;
27.}

Chng 12 - 59
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
Chng 13
A X-PHNG THC O

Chng 13 - 1
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
1. MC TIU
Hiu c c ch hot ng ca
phng thc o.
ng dng c phng thc o.
Thi cao hc thi hay hi phn ny.
Phng vn xin vic ngi ta cng rt

hay hi.

Chng 13 - 2
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP
Hy thc hin on chng trnh di

y v cho bit kt qu ca vic chy
chng trnh trong bn trng hp:
Trng hp 1: XXXX l khong trng,

YYYY l khong trng.
Trng hp 2: XXXX l virtual,

YYYY l khong trng.
Trng hp 3: XXXX l khong trng,

YYYY l virtual.
Trng hp 4: XXXX l virtual,

YYYY l virtual.

Chng 13 - 3
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
11. #include
12.class
<iostream.h>
13.{
public:
15.
XXXX void Sketchy()
16.
{
17.
cout<<"\n AsSketchy();
18.
Sketchy(-1);
19.
}
20.
YYYY void Sketchy(int num)
21.
{
22.
cout<<"\n A's Sketchy
(int)<< num;
23.
}
24.};
14.

Chng 13 - 4
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
11.class
B:public A
12.{
public:
14.
void Sketchy()
15.
{
16.
cout<<"\nBs Sketchy();
17.
Sketchy(-2);
18.
}
19.
void Sketchy(int num)
20.
{
21.
cout<<"\n B's Sketchy
(int)<< num;
22.
}
23.};
13.

Chng 13 - 5
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
class C:public B
2. {
3.
public:
4.
void Sketchy(int num)
5.
{
6.
cout<<"\nC's Sketchy
(int)<<num;
7.
}
8. };
9. void Curious(A* wacky)
10.{
11.
wacky->Sketchy();
12.
((C*)wacky)->Sketchy(123);
13.}
1.

Chng 13 - 6
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
1.
void main()
2.
3.
A* inky = new B;
4.
inky->Sketchy();
5.
inky->Sketchy(23);
6.
Curious(inky);
7.
B* pinky = new C;
8.
pinky->Sketchy();
9.
pinky->Sketchy(46);
10.
Curious(pinky);
11. }

Chng 13 - 7
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LTHT
Khoa CNTT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
A
public
B
public

Sketchy()
Sketchy(int)
Sketchy()
Sketchy(int)
Sketchy()
Sketchy(int)
Chng 13 - 8
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
Kt qu trng hp 01

Chng 13 - 9
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
Kt qu trng hp 02

Chng 13 - 10
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
Kt qu trng hp 03

Chng 13 - 11
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
2. V D DN NHP (tip)
Kt qu trng hp 04

Chng 13 - 12
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
3. KHI NIM
Khi nim: a x l c ch tm vc
ng, cho php "xc nh" ng hnh
vi (phng thc) ca i tng khi
yu cu thc hin.
Vic "xc nh" c thc hin theo

nguyn tc t nhin: i tng thuc
lp no s gi thc hin phng thc
ca lp i tng .
Tm vc ng l c ch gi thc hin
phng thc thng qua con tr i
tng.

Chng 13 - 13
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. C PHP A X
11. class
CCoSo
12. {
private:
...
protected:
...
public:
...
virtual KDL <TenPhuongThuc>
(<ThamSo>);
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. };

Chng 13 - 14
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. C PHP A X
11. class
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
CDanXuat:<T Kha Dn Xut>

CCoSo
private:
...
protected:
...
public:
...
KDL <TenPhuongThuc>
(<ThamSo>);
20. };

Chng 13 - 15
TIENICHMAYTINH.COM
Khoa CNTT
11. class
LTHT
CCoSo
12. {
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
private:
...
protected:
...
public:
...
virtual KDL <TenPhuongThuc>
(<ThamSo>);
20. };
21. class
22. {
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
CDanXuat:<T Kha Dn Xut>

CCoSo
private:
...
protected:
...
public:
...
KDL <TenPhuongThuc>
(<ThamSo>);
30. };
Chng 13 - 16
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
4. C PHP A X (tip)
Mt phng thc c khai bo bt

u vi t kha virtual th c gi l
phng thc o v phng thc ny
c gi thc hin theo c ch a x
nu li gi thc hin phng thc
c thng qua mt con tr i
tng.
Cc phng thc lp dn xut cng

tn v cng danh sch tham s u
vo th cng s l phng thc o
nu lp c s phng thc cng
tn v cng tham s l phng thc
o.

Chng 13 - 17
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. BI TON
CHI TIT MY
Bi ton: Mt ci my c nhiu chi

tit. Mi chi tit my c th l chi tit
n hoc l chi tit phc.
+
Chi tit n: l chi tit khng cha

bn trong n chi tit khc. Thng tin
ca chi tit n bao gm: m s chi
tit, gi tin.
Chi tit phc: l chi tit cha bn

trong n nhiu chi tit thnh phn, mi
mt chi tit thnh phn ny c th l
chi tit n hoc l chi tit phc.
Thng tin ca chi tit phc bao gm:
m s chi tit, s lng chi tit thnh
phn, danh sch cc chi tit thnh
phn. Gi tin ca chi tit phc bng
tng gi tin ca cc chi tit thnh
phn.

Chng 13 - 18
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
5. BI TON
CHI TIT MY (tip)
Yu cu: Thit k cc lp thch hp

thc hin cc yu cu sau:
+
Nhp cc chi tit cho my.
Tm kim mt chi tit my theo m s.
Tnh tin cho mt chi tit my, hoc

cho my.
Xut cc chi tit my.
m s lng chi tit n c trong ci

my.

Chng 13 - 19
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
6. BI TON
TNH TIN LNG
Bi ton: Cng ty ABC l cng ty sn

xut kinh doanh th nhi bng. Cng
ty c nhiu nhn vin lm vic trong
ba b phn khc nhau: b phn qun
l, b phn sn xut, b phn vn
phng. Vic tnh lng cho nhn vin
da vo cc yu t sau:
+ i vi nhn vin vn phng
Lng = Lng C Bn + S ngy lm
vic *100.000 + Tr Cp
+ i vi nhn vin sn xut
Lng = Lng C Bn + S Sn
Phm * 2.000
+ i vi nhn vin qun l
Lng = Lng C Bn* H s chc v
+ Thng.
Chng 13 - 20
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Khoa CNTT
LTHT
6. BI TON
TNH TIN LNG (tip)
+
Ngoi ra cng ty cn qun l cc

thng tin v nhn vin ca mnh
nh: h tn, ngy sinh v cc thng
s trn tnh lng cho tng
nhn vin trong cng ty.
Yu cu: Thit k cc lp thch hp
thc hin cc yu cu sau:
+ Nhp thng tin ca cc nhn vin
phc v cho vic tnh lng.
+ Thc hin vic tnh lng cho tng
nhn vin.
+ Xut thng tin ca cc nhn vin.
+ Tnh tng lng ca cng ty.
+ Tm kim mt nhn vin theo h
tn.
Chng 13 - 21

Lap Trinh Huong Doi Tuong

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Lap Trinh Huong Doi Tuong

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Khoa CNTT

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n li cc khi nim, cc kin thc lp

Tru tng ha d liu

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Khi nim:Bin ton cc l bin

Thng thng bin ton cc

Lu : Bin khai bo bn trong

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11. #include <conio.h>

Khi nim: Bin cc b l

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11. #include <conio.h>

Kin trc chng trnh C.

Khi nh ngha hm.

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5.1 KIN TRC MT CHNG

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5.1 KIN TRC MT CHNG

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5.1 KIN TRC MT CHNG

Khi khai bo: cha cc khai

Khi hm main: cha duy nht

Khi nh ngha hm: cha cc

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5.2 CHNG TRNH

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5.2 CHNG TRNH

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5.2 CHNG TRNH

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5.2 CHNG TRNH

printf(Ho ten:%s, hoten);

printf(Toan: %d, toan);

printf(Van: %d:, van);

printf(DTB: %f, dtb);

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5.2 CHNG TRNH

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Khi nim: Cc thng s u

Tham tr: Khng i.

Tham tr: Cp pht.

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void Nhap(char [],int&,int &);

void XuLy(int, int, float &);

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XuLy(int toan, int van,

void Nhap(char hoten[30],

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Khi nim: Tru tng ha d liu l

typedef struct KieuDuLieu

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void Nhap(HOCSINH &);

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void XuLy(HOCSINH &x)

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Bi 1: Vit chng trnh

Bi 2: Vit chng trnh

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