Title : Potential Difference

Inference: Potential difference depends on current in circuits

Hypothesis : The higher the current the higher the potential difference

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the potential difference and current

Variables:
i)
ii)
iii)

Manipulated variables:
Current , I
Responding variables: Potential difference, V
Constant variables:
Length of constantan wire

Apparatus and Materials: Battery x 4, Battery holder, Ammeter (0-1A), Voltmeter (03V), Rheostat, Connecting wire x 6, 20 cm Constantan
wire (s.w.g 28), Ruler

Arrangement:

Diagram 1

Procedure:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Apparatus was set up as in diagram 1.

The rheostat was adjusted until the ammeter show _____A.
The reading of voltmeter was recorded.
Step 2 and 3 was repeated with the ammeter reading ______A, _____A, _____A,
and _____A.
5) The graph of potential difference, V against current, I was plotted.
6) The gradient of graph was calculated.
Tabulate data.
I/ A

V/V

Analysis data:
Based on graph plotted, Potential difference, V as directly proportional to Current, I
Gradient of graph =

=
= 1
Value of gradient represent the resistance,

Conclusion:
Hypothesis accepted, the potential difference, V is directly proportional to the
current, I.

Precaution:
1) Make sure the pointer of ammeter and voltmeter was pointed to 0 before
the experiment start by adjusting the screw to avoid zero error.
2) When taking reading, make sure the image of pointer was behind the pointer
to avoid parallax error.