DO I :

10.
13671/j .
hjkxxb .
1998.
01.
009
18 1
1998 1

AC TA SCIENT IAE CIRCUM STAN T IAE

V ol.
18, No .
1
Jan .
, 1998

( , 100871)

- , .

.
,
.
;
- ;
.

1
,
.
, (
H +) , ,
[ 1 , 2]

.
,
.

, [ 3] .
,
:
,
, , , , .
,
, , .
,
, NH 3 , .
NH 3 , , .
- , ,
, .
2 -
2.1
, ,
, ,
, .
,
(cy lindrical denuder), (def fusion denuder assembly)(annular denuder , AD).
AD , ,
.
AD ,
, .
.
AD(1), 30cm , 24cm ,

 :
-

57

, .

1.8mm , 6cm ,
.

AD ,
.
AD
, AD
1.5 %- ,
1
Fig .
1Annular denuder

,
, 35L/
min .
AD

, AD .
AD , AD
( 2).
2 , AD
NH 3 100
g , 96 %
.
AD NH 3 280g ,
90 %.
AD NH 3

2 AD

Fig .
2 A D' d adsorptio n efficiency
as a functio n of NH 3 burden

200
g .
AD , NH 3 (97.5 2.8)%.

, AD , , 3 % AD , 25L/ min .
2.2
AD , .
AD ,
AD .
T SP , 35L/ min ,
26h , AD .
Ca2+ M g 2+
( 180-80 ), 1 .
1 (g/ m 3)

Table 1 Coarse par ticle loss in AD (

g/ m3)
Ca 2+

M g 2 +

AD +

, %

AD +

, %

4.0

6.4

37

0.50

0.81

38

5.0

7.2

30

0.58

0.78

26

3.7

7.2

48

0.52

0.79

34

4.5

6.8

34

0.56

0.75

25

5.2

7.5

31

0.60

0.80

25

366

30 5

1 , 30 % .

, , AD
, .

58

18

2.3 -
, AD
.
.

- , ()>2.5m .
.

,
-( 3).
,
(), 26L/
min , d 50 10 m .

, , d 50 2.
5
m ,
10 2.5 m .

, ,
3A D-
Fig .
3A D-cascade sampler

.
,
, , .
,
, .
KB-40

.
2.4
, AD , -
;
AD .
25L/ min .

2.
5 10 m ( 2),
.
.
2- (2.5 10m :
g/ m 3)

T able 2 Sampling efficiency of AD-cascade and cascade sampler(2.5-10

m mass concentration :

g/ m3)

1993-07-17

1993-07-21

1993-07-22

1993-07-24

1993-07-25

20

42

40

39

31

22

39

43

35

27

3 <2.5 m (g/ m 3)

Table 3 Soluble components of fine par ticle sampled by AD-cascade and cascade sampler (
g/m 3)

1994-01

1993-10

1993-07

1
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5

NH 4+

SO 24

NH 4+

SO 24

9.4
14.5
12.3
3.7
9.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.8
3.0
4.9

18.9
27.1
23.1
11.5
36.1
8.1
13.3
6.1
6.2
5.5
9.2
14.7

11.4
15.1
12.7
3.9
9.9
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.9
3.0
4.6

21.1
26.8
25.5
12.7
36.0
9.3
12.6
6.6
7.6
5.8
8.8
13.0

 :
-

59

, d 50 , 50 % d 50
, 50 % d50 .
5mg ,
, AD .
, AD (<
2.5 m) AD 90 % , AD
.
, .
AD
? (<2.5 m)
.
NH 4+ SO 24 ,3
NH 4+ SO 24 .
3 , AD AD <2.5 m NH 4+
SO24 - .
, NH 4+ SO 299 ,
4 0.
1.07 0.
99 , 0.6 , AD .
,
- .
2.5 pH
4 <2.5 m

-
( 20h)

pH

Table 4 pH of fine par ticle (<2.5

m)sampled by
A D-cascade and cascade sampler

2.5 m ,
pH , 4 .

pH

4 , pH

, (

1994-01

4.64

4.73

4.40

4.59

4.71

5.48

, ( 5).

6.29

6.48

5.30

6.66

5 , AD
AD ,

5.19

5.68

69 %.
,

6.20

6.61

, - .

5.62

5.65

5.16

5.18

5.57

6.05

Table 5 Low er percentage of fine particle

6.20

6.41

acidity by AD-cascade sampler

6.12

6.60

, %

5.50

5.73

1994-01

46

6.04

5.94

1993-04

69

5.66

5.87

1993-10

29

5.73

6.18

1993-07

42

1993-04

1993-10

1993-07

) AD pH
AD ,

5 -

60

18

3
2.5 m .
-
(<2.5 m) , 25 mL , pH ,
, 6 .
6 5 10 .
6

T able 6 Acidity of fine particles

pH

(nmol/ m 3)

1993-04

5.19 6.29

5.3

1994-01

4.40 5.67

15

1993-03

4.82 4.97

9.0

1993-10

5.45 6.20

3.1

1993-03

4.64 5.20

9.6

1993-03

4.54 5.20

22

1993-10

5.16 5.65

9.0

1993-07

5.50 6617

2.4

1993-03

5.02 5.37

5.0

6 , , .

22nmol/ m 3 , 1m 3 0.5 g , pH 4.35 .

pH 3.93 4.82 , 4.
22 ,
(4.35)
.
.

, .
, SO 2 , , (15 nmol/ m 3 )
(5.3 nmol/ m 3 ).
,
[ 4]

, . .

4
, - .

, 35L/ min , 97.5 %.

:
>10 m , 2.
5 10
m <2.5
m .
, 29 %
69 %.
-
.
-
.
,
.

:
-

61

1 S uh H H , Spengler J D , K out rakls P.Personal exposuves t o acid aerosols and ammonia , Environ Sci Technol , 1992 , 26(12):
2507
2 S pengler J D , Brauer M , Kout rakls P .
Acid air and healt h , Environ Sci Technol, 1990 , 24(7):
946
3 K outrakis P , Thompson K M , Wolfson J M et al .Det erminat ion of aerosol st rong acidity losses due to i nterations of collected
particles:result s from loborat ory and field studies , A tmos Environ , 1992 , 26A(6):
987 .
4 Waldman J M , Lioy P L, Spatial and t emporal patt ens in summertime sulfate aerosol acidit y and neut ralization w it hi n a
met ropolit an area , A tmos Environ , 1990 , 24B(1):
115

1996-01-02
1996-07-04

DESIGN OF AN ANNULAR DENUDER/ CASCADE IMPACTOR

SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENT OF ACIDITY OF FINE PARTICLES
S un Qing rui , Wang Meirong , Tian Honghai , Chen Danhua
(Department of Technical Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871)

ABSTRACT An annular denuder/cascade impactor system was designed and evaluated for the first time
in China to study aerosol acidity .Laboratory tests and field mesu rements showed a good performance of
the system , capable of avoiding in terference of basic gases , such as NH3 , with acid aerosols during sampling .T he acidity of fine particles w as measured in nine sites of China .
Keywords A nnular denuder/ cascade impactor system , atmospheric aerosol acidity .