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    Underground Mining Methods

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    5. Underground Mining Methods

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    Underground Mining Methods

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF or read online from Scribd
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    26 views81 pages

    Underground Mining Methods

    Uploaded by

    Marithza OC
    Underground Mining Methods

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 81
    Mae Mining Method Fundamentz Underground Mining Methods and Applications Hane Homein” 2.1. INTRODUCTION (re ean economic concept. eis defied as 2 concentration of ‘mineral ha cat be explobed and turned in asaleabeproguxt fo generate 2 naroally-sceprable pref under exiting ‘Geto condor, Te defnivon of ce cals fr aetin ‘Gre docs nor propery east antl ft fas Been abe such To ‘nae ames rosect a ore body reqies acre information than oeeded wo etablss mal grades Salient Snowedge of ‘he mineral dept ining weehnnion: precessing methods and ‘ons beeded fr underage sey prong the Prospect worthy efbeing developed into mie "The expression “esting ecenomie condions” dese an ‘aplantin “Rn af mina” eri mir of valuable eral a Seven rok atch each ingreier price separately urs ‘Ofsnine ores teted in the dress plant ae proc=sed imo ‘dfecee oncenusten. Whe the cre contene ore as one ‘neal of vai, separate concentrates of for ame copper ‘Ere sp lead are produced The vl fists ove cm be cles {sted by apnising maker pes io meal content and Gedung ‘its for eatneat and Wensporation of concetrtes and ‘Seler foes Te tance mut eoer dirs ining tot 4nd eave arin ox he eae peta. ‘Metal peices ave tet cn tntematinal_ metal maker exchanges tm London and New Yerh and uth from a Sy, depending on the miply and demand situation. Aa over ‘Sippy bul ek f saps metal Wich reficted ta op {nthe mare pie The prot nargia or amin decree’ ste ‘alr of fe product drop. Arco for processing, eanepore ‘Sling, and refining remain corsa, tbe tne mist adjust @ {educedincsme. Tho mine operating on a narrow margin must ‘Reprepred to srvve periods of depressed metal prices "Onctaci to deal wihauch dtuton isto aj the bound aries of to aren being Mind snd dew thse boundaries 4 ‘igher cof grade. Tis wilincresn he vale of thera mine [rococt. andthe mine wll maine fe pete Anoter nay to {areas the effeeney of mine production, Modifying the ining Inethod ad itodacing es; more power machine re acts {tsb rae eee work edi he te me remain a pre gence, wich ot ipl askin enero et of increasing lor css and demancs or bee ving. “Ths duper eserbes afd expla nethods fox tbe under ground mining of mineral depos. The deveplns ate poeta fed and Yocus an peal appleatons,bxarapes chosen state types ef inning pence Bt of 199. However, every manera ewe wih tf gy gre, ape. ac vole, UAE AS ‘pethods are deserbed hee plas beat I ih tat rock ar ‘hie miners he sles and the woof mines wil ley “tsa special fate. tei ls Gap Stcin, Seen, 4.2. DEFINITION oF TERMS ‘Tobower understand the material presented haten, seme ofthe ‘ore common mining vem ate elined the flow para sph, Pure 1 further doris some ofthe ters. * Rie Racornaleyemey oreo esa i Roo! oF overhead suiface Of an underground ‘Hire! Leading arargement tat wes gry to move satel Fomahigher evel oa lower eve ‘Cone® Furneshaped eaesation cated athe ep of 8 rane woe woolect ch fom the area sone Goneral Mino Design Coesiderations Crosseu: orzortal or nearly horizontal underground ‘opening driven tinerseet an ere body Sr aDbe ale teh ano eft hed fom the ‘Dawpoin: Pics whe re canbe ln al ene. A rampant loenee heneat the epi aes, and ras How {tanslorethe oreo the akg place Dis Heezonial er nearly horizontal Finger Raise: Typically, sytem of aver racy that brane gener othe same delvery po. Used or tate fering ore ental: Waller rock urer the re dep Giza ‘Arangement that prevents oversized rock from ‘emering an ove transior ster A gia wsully cons of ‘Steel grain for conte seer o Sapir. Hanging Wall Waller rock above a ore deposit Level: Sytem of horizon’ undergroued.” wokiigs coected to the shaft. Aleve forms the bas for excavation of {ore above oe bee Manna: Unlergiound opening that i imerded for personne! seessané communication ‘Ore: Mineral deport that can he worked ot profit ender ening economiscomfivons. ‘Ore Paces Veral or inclined underground opening Brough whidhoce is wandered Promecs Mineral epost for which the economic value hasmat yet been proven, alse: Underground opening driven upward from one evel toa her level rte the atface sale ay be ether veal or incled (ompure wince Hamp Incned utdergoard opening that connects tres for procucton ares: amp ae incined to allow the pase of Imowrized veces Ramp usully are dven downward ‘hat Verel or telined inderprovtd pening throagh which ane worked. Sot Vera o incined or section excavated 1©-9pen Up underground for hese oping ‘Stope. Underground excavaion made by removing ore from surround eck. Stile: Man bovisonsl coarse or direction af « mineral depot Subleel Sytem of horizontal underground workings: normally, subevels re usedony wahin oping ares where they ate requited for ore production. Wall Rocks Wallin whic a re depo eo Ieee ook oft re oe id ‘Wine Vertical or inclined underground opening driven ‘ane enone evel ose evel fica te suc w> ‘level compare rise). 4.3. MINING METHODS 1.3 Introdvetion ‘Once an ove boy ts been probed and Gulined and outlet ‘ivermation hax been called to warrant futher analy the partes process ofleting the eet appepeite tbe ‘methods of mining car been. At hs sige, the selection is Dliniary, ering enya the basis for projec yeu a easly tay Ler tay be fond nvenary orev dea, Dutihe basi princes or oe extzcien should remain apart ot ‘he fina gost ‘Wu espe: w the bas principles employed, rlavely ew sin meds reed wy Beene of he nites of Sach ore depose, vvitions om sch of thee methods are net limes. eis imposible wo cue even te afer variaons Et TeuRe 2 Csi womanapilar mining this chapter; the gl ft cape iso sueamarie bry the ‘caracteritcs ofthe major mining mets. 13.2. ReomanéPil Mining oomand ilar mining i desioed for fab deposits of limited dines, uch co eopper shale, coal, salt and posh, limestone, and. dolomite, This method used 10 Feeoel ‘enures in pen stpes. The method lees llr to suport he Hanging walt recover the maximum amor of or, mines ‘am leave the sralest posse pla. The rot must renin Inti and odk bobs ae often inaaled i revere rock sata, oon and pil ae nomallyaranged In regular pater Pia can bt designed with cel or eute cross seone Shaped at ebngated was topsraing the. room Minerals (oetaned in piles are nonreepvrable and therefore are Pot ‘tdued inthe ore teerves af the mine. Difeing geologia ‘onions give sie to raion ht soomand pliar mining ‘Tee typi varias are described ithe allowing tex ‘lasts reom ad piliar mung (Bgure 12) applies Aa deposts having woderatetothek beds and (icine depos ‘sith thicker bees. Mining the cr by creates lage open Stopes ‘thers tales machines can tov on the fet face Ore bates ‘with large vera eights are mined In horgenal ses sang ithe top and benching ert etepe Pst rwenaner mining gure 1.3) applies inclined xe bodies with dip anaes fram 20" tp 53°. hese mines Bave {Ergo vem eights hore the mined xt space backed ‘The ll eeps te tock mass sable aad serves as a work plato Uli the next oresc cmined ‘Step roe’ and:plar mang (Figure 1.4) is an adapation of yas mining to ore bodes were dip soo step fe ruber ted vehides A special argh” erentaton haulage dats ard ‘open velated to dip create work sem vith evel os. This Allows tracessequpreent tobe used i dling snd rocking [ining edvances downward slong the step room sng (Cassie Reonvand-Plar Miging. "In cassie foun-end tiller mining, only a mimi of devloprent work ie reqated fo prepoe 8 lat bedded depos for ming. Roadways fr oe ‘anspen and communicaton are estabished nse producion topes Esevaton of reaivaye ean be combine with ot Prdaction, afl ired-o stapes can verve a ramapors rates. Dre rediction involves he same dill eehiques ain ‘oma! ding where rit ciensions egal ths width and Pott of the stope. Where geological concn are rere, ‘pes ce eg, ig dl jrios came se for mesh tneed ering. Depests with ge vertical heights are mined in shees Mining wars a the tp teow the hanging wall A ths sage {ck Bolsa incall for roof coro wi te back ta conve ‘lon aight. Secor below ae recovered hei oF te sts fy evening, Sana aie i fe wed i ig wea Fue te for consesioal heneh Haig Horizontal deling ‘and “Ta” benching ave nace praccal alecnaves because he ‘Se dr jer canbe wad fr beth opadngand dri a ‘enc os Th Miedo ed athe mil th el en front emus Dillerent ranspon store ee Used, “instope hemmed tars ner. whee oper ih “ovgh, the common dup trek cen from stopesw election pou. ta thin oe aes pilD li mae tus ave avaiable from mranuficares Spe wth ‘ery Ite headrom can be cleaned by lod ha damp (UD) foducton ates can te ‘ccablshed. ‘Communications are Eaightiorward and simple These factor tet the stage forthe igh vtdizaion ofboth men and rarhines i en eient ore reaorery ster Post RoomandPillar Mining, Fox reonvendpillar wining (or "pot pila?” mining) combination of remand pillarand cu sn filstoping With his method, ores recovered Ih herzomal shoes staring tor the hettom and avanding, Upward. Pallas are lense the stope to suppor the fod Mned-t stops ve Fydraulaly bacelied wth tallies, ad the net sc is mined by machines working fom the BK suface. Pillars srcnue through several layers of i Sascll previes the posabaiy of tnodeving the stop layout and adapting the ppostpler method 3 vanatioes in ack condiens and ore bounds, oth backfill ad san eeease the support capa Diy ofthe pila periting a higher ate of ove recovery than ‘oes dase room pllas mung, Pesepilar maning combines the advantage of cut-and-) imiingeitat balling werk oe Mat, sooth Noor with the ‘gacine stapes offered by oam-an pila ming Ey access © Ip production post ovr the seo cat mechanieed equipment ‘Step. Room-and Fillar Mining. Step roomsnd pillar mining ha veraion in wich the forwall of antacid oe ody Rateyed for oficee wen of tackles equipment ARSSAgH, ‘applcadors cannot be fly gerald, ep oon ape ‘ing applies to ablar depots with theses er 2 #5. ips reging orn 15° 030". ‘The mettod‘eatu'es 3 jet im whic stones ad havlage ‘nays ei the sip ofthe ore boy sna pola coodimate stom By onemung stopes a certain anges across dip. sone lors fuse sm angle hot 9 comfortably tale by traces vehi ‘es, Trantor routes rss the opposte crectioe vo establish ‘ealay acon fo stops andto transport bared ore whe chat ‘The mala edepmert uf sep Toomand ila ain Jnchades a netvon of parallel transpoednifte aversing the ore Dooy In predetermined direions, Deft foots are maintained ‘sth prades hallow the use of selected rusk, ope are exceed (nom teanopert eta besa ou apreetermined step oom angle The ope isadvaneed forward in'a mode smart fg unl breakthrough fo the next ural anspor crve. The nex sep isto eacavte a similar ‘df Hide ash one step dowadip and adjacent to the Tt, ‘ve. Thi procedure is repestee unl the root span becomes ‘Smost too "ise ty romain table "Thes an siongsted tp feel sep sea «pla he estoy aan re way and ming sentns demand sept step. The pebotlu jue 1d Rlces oe eee esroaber 1.33 Vein Mining In vernmines gues 1, 1.6, and 17). the dmensons of manera ‘ponte at highly arable An or body can be anything Fem = large, masve formation several square errs surface area toa 05 murde quar vein sracning seme 20 gon of go. Miners aie rectver the miner ale ut pede eve waste fock in the hanging walla the octal ct. Th the tier ‘Sposs,« machine operates wha the oe by wal witout fthlems. Wher the minerlaed zone names to 2 few meters, FRachines may be wo wie wf inde tbe ore boutaries, To exc ‘ate soc ont per the mache 0 produes waste, wich ‘dite the oe The seme ew ase manual abort coer Iugirgade ore However abr i cst nd manual aig a ‘guess inlcer Ale, clit a Bed people who sep ‘hors wth handheld rocks ac sig mice poe Tey a selection of sana sinsted rachis avait ble olewing echanled ining ia 2m ide dil. These Si ‘zed machines ince the face jbo for narow arts mateo ‘nth lenghole nig ofthe same ze The smal eter mba ae longtle ig complemented wean 140) wich a 21m bucket frowes everthing ned forthe mochanzed ming of 22m trie en ‘IGURETE Sma sic al janbo, Dome mio, Coaca General Mine Dosen Considerations EB hcg pg it rar IEE 134. Shrinkage stoping Ie iskage stoping (igure 1.8), ote i excarated in hotzortal slices, staring ftom the otom ef the soe and advancing Lupurard arto the broben oe ie left inthe mined ot ope, tere serves a= working platens for mining the ore abe 2nd to suppor the ope wall Thregh acting, rice incesces ts crupied veltine by shout Sk Therefore 40s of the Hastd ava mu be drawn of Crmlewousy using einige alta sabe’ fender Derween the hac ane the top ofthe Blasted re: When the ope his advanced to the upper border of the planeed spe. 18 opin thr We par secs ‘ceron apples, as Speaing ses, seas high tessa ths Ades not appy to the mary ror and pir operations in rather Shallew environment, sch the many Limestone: propria and eat-in mimes in he ale-conunestal United State), ‘Shape of Excavation, Croce stl shape To achieve a ven crne-ecional area fr an exertion, i shen beter to Mlle «square shape High narrow excavations lado excessive ‘sidewall slboing. wah reqlves mote Intensive suppor. and iow wide escorts lend Itge neuppored agg wall spans thet generally require very long supports. Therefore, a9 9 {alleine, the width ae eight of excavations shoul be hep co the absolite minimam. and width sn height should be a8 eq. fs possi. However under coeiion of very high sre, Stow, Wide excavate generally the Dest Le, the shape of & otiapetalelipe). Tnifrm ape. Sharp comers ip exesvations loxd to ssssccoerly high concentrations of ste, wth 2 thelial of ‘xessive attri and premature fave. Therefore, the shape ‘of openiage thoull be leprae regular ae poss, and ay ‘changes insbape should he contoured” Figure 23) {cenera Mine Design Considerations oe z “iale Plan Fao 8 ‘onion HCE = halae Plan FIGURE ZG state and wnstabe weakaways. A OatnE Srestawoy: 6 ange reskawny!C tance between ‘Srennwny and nga rvaeut Breskaways, Muhiple breakawaye should be svcided © reduce dangercsly lage hanging wall spans. The rule & that, Dreakaways sould be spaced at so thes the width of the ‘excatation between suearssive tangent poms (Figure 264) "Ace breskewaye (ie. lest than 48") shouldbe avoided since these ret a “pointed” bllacos, which ate wnstable (Fiore 2.60) Trocare nr failure of bllaose raul large ‘unsupported hanging wll sans The breakaways for ieites are often brought too clase 19 1 conectng eresset The leh of the connection berween an incline andthe lt shuld be thre ies the deagonal dimension tthe Nat end (igure 2.60) ‘Oriemaion of Adjacent Excavations. The most highly suresiel par! of an ekewation the comer. Therefore, penitonng of devslapnens in uniavotable orientations, eshevrh Tigre 2, should be soiged In pln lz, smile preeaioe ould he takes to aad this type of unfrworable olcnation, pecially where exsting “development is slipd ow for ‘xeaatien seh as Substations and baer bays FIGURES Prefered approach to and tonectons wih (A) Akos (fate Colony. ll oer, the grolgy ofthe ares sould be ithe ie eu 4. Knows weak oli herizons,forexapl, he UpperShale Marler athe Krai bode acid sth {orang io gold beating ef erscrre, shouldbe Inoidedsvenat he expense flonge osu 2. Inpermanent exations(smps ete, host ea {eh ee), he posto ft ad the remstom jase re ical othe bly ofthe evlopenn us na teefre cer och peogeal oes 2. Alexanationssboal be kept aa ram dikes where fesse (hgure aN). When nike ermersed hie Tiald be donc by the mom direct ote Breakanaye ‘Toul sed indies, even atthe capens of eare development 4. Hauge se gt be ose in fase, dlovlopmentshoud rote alongside alfa Sfovld away beens atan sgh 2 ne ‘ermal sponse (igre 24) onera Panning ofthe Noneaal Underground Mine Oren ‘GUREZI0 Pretered approsch to Repng vow RONDE EAT Overstoping. When huuliges are posidoned beneath ‘mineg-out ateas consideration sould be shen 10 the 45 Gestresingsuidlte (gure 29). An overstping angle of 45° is ‘ener eeured to destes a haulage Avan anle greater chan ‘2 aressconenteians ar hip Thi ule apis toot (0 20": Dipe restr tan ti feral or compster modeling to show the extent of oversoping needed. Houlges showld rot Tae aid ovt too dose 0 remmant pila, which are very ighly reste, ‘Stoping. Stoping as applicable to advancing. lengwall panels and room-ané-pilla stoping should not be eared ut fovea adverse geological feature withthe overall face shape fanllel or pear parallel, othe featur Mining should tak place toward (and though) the gecloge fare at a large an Scute ‘gle as poll (gare 2.10) Using geolggi and rock propery information obtained dung preliminary investigations cf sedimentary depodts, mine Planners sould consructisopach maps to show the harizons to fremined aad thoee tht are toe Tet as ret and fons. Sich ‘maps show variances inthe sein a ein thickest and Ment igesloge wrectures such ar channea, washout, Gost aad clas Where diferenia compaction fs Indeated, ssoited Fatutw in seat of opin sul be ceamined. rer tere Structural changes ocear might be the most favored ‘nineral taps, but they are usualy. areas cf potencaly. weakened ‘Sruciures. Where possible, locating major haulage deft or main, tents in sich ateas shoud be nwoided: if inerscione re flannedin these teas, they should be enforced a sn a they fre opened ton eaten grester than i+ ordinarily neceseary be adel er the caubment er arty the ste bom. {Gio mnearent Fm thee eget sachs a0 ‘rsa de nd bac hat its plo oe he Bt tesa phe siping ee heal ih vee Sexo ote wt a's ramp ats ac po the tor rel Oitie mine insures tel Sef door xt be pn hope or sate Sang whe hoy m progress. shat Soest Tis cates ect eh ra po ‘mul, on the sb or onthe shal ele te sip (ing tacky brave the ote 2.6. PLANNING THE ORGANIZATION ‘aN REQUIRED EQUIPMENT ‘Te arprto equipment or perscnne or te ets a ise ‘Gover be yecied 9 general terms. Hower, penonel ard ‘Sips: prodacinry anges can ere at felines Tot ‘Bima We 3 es ats oer 3 ea oe anc {nan har cr referenced m my ots nc he eal Sstmates ware male, bot oching ore eet fat eee ihe 2.8.1 Work Frce an Potion Dest Ins aor cone veal firs coneerig pang he Mrork free Yo porta theme. May quoting IBeegaon wil iia answer they hn prfond sfc om the Sancta sess of any mining pce and (ental se be ace 1 ete spy of aor angen sain he prodctcn level dicaedb ther senor cor? Wn one ‘eed ser be bap ed at west Whats she ps hor of aber elton the ea? Ae ‘ewontenaetert tna Sday we hei se ‘hom il ey eos aged 87 yeh? + Aveo ppl ied nn profi perio ae core rand oda 1+ Canpropi with maitoune sls beara the Pepe owl the maitener ce tavern bb fhrosh on apres pean” Apeeniceip pograns are. very sow process. econ sme tela esi the amber of prope whe ‘inte ited ech yore mak progam Tas one co se amine deed ard eqn fr 8 rey large daily cone afr sa of a Fes imporant tt the "peopl protiens” be evened at ‘he ae ie thatthe popery being evaluated and deste ‘hal slow net ae er pects sng, ioe Utespeced cot and preveet bsg enone reo ot Picks hac ipleneted, col Gey pages more or Fereantconfenee The. produ and pela Sree beeen se operation ek god ae eg Invved nmin desig, ths oe te mos reece and eat bethemmdesnea ies peste ieee cipal poy emer Spier de tet rere ee ‘ne oper ran ne manafacurer ae manuiacarr ten fn peed fe sel the “ad uated” trolted model to he EE cannes axe mins ne cae Shares between te prow andthe Onl pox oe, lnade ty the munngeopany aod al adapted. by he Intsty te devip equipment he ance mst fre lanes prods of tong he furl enroment, athe thr seirg he ans ots and en psig nas ‘esearch cr te pore model 25.3. augment Veratity ‘The equipment seced fer the ming operation sou bea ‘erate poste: Tor cumple te ming operation (Guoes fn5s! ee ame hig piomance Try pecan sie ace ewe gi tl oe ‘acne tower aimed onder abo er Seis ER ad tng onde he et eda General Panning ofthe ones Underground Becaee he thte ubospencrate extremely a they ‘Severe wed edd the be facto bls a se Cae, {9 dll holes for rendering ple. The same Hosen eat \asused toad rocks in oe spe ad pect sen De ‘the stope By sao wong tts the sane Fost wns seed ae pte seis dy ‘Soe unis tr handing a water and power nes. sya Sed or stad fod for nding ie supple Fis ‘osopiy rer the ong sang: Theres julpent to pase and malas leering gu apts rd mance ‘Einar ofteursing rime cies he jae + adng ever cel mahsery ears bi les een Syne eae non if the pele seine of his Poly ncade Ae elcnt machine may sao do be o> Seer ener nin her a Sirabe Seaqeloed recto, Themis maylnmome tn dependent agence {opps exo Asaneuample ofthe fst dsadvanage the min previnuly ‘ma at ings est namber of gh vrs Dy nd Srenkorogh pre Ae 2 rei, the mine enally mrad ‘tor watch dle hese ten machine re re (Fiat fr the peter appenon. Les,» hipped ‘on bong orto wan vena aque bce wa ack ‘more ciceot lor nating rot bors 2.54 EauimentAccntonce The eqipnen scleced shoud Lave very ad scenes: {ea sda ts equpmen iin commem tse eo eh the rine and costrction dues, ce mies pose ‘ieadmom estoy nt enemavsred on te sxe ie ‘Seep pone Hower whore heaton tent & Proton. Sekcing + nondard pce ot cqapmcre can fo te oxnonent wil ave endured grou wen the construc Indy. Foabermor. pas frst equmest vonmal e thee men dsbator warn! aon te ee 2.88 Appleton Reity “Te selected equipment shuld be exile ix appa, Tha, a ceeee seed bos sxcbos Set ere pt tive eed beeen eod "contol at Eh posi beter fliball grades nthe mip and eel ui tp ed baTonpsrht hoes 2.7, PLANNING PERSONNEL MOVEMENT TO iin FROM THE WORK FACE Dus the ari stg of mine pring. consideration shout {gen te meth an pblems oe fo ampere FPctowna anf mele tm thine avo th wen e ‘Goines with lle vl ard nln ne “arch or fcc tne pring nas toh ae inane hn inc thar ae send ot oon ote ere td ime a ondvay goagw very beng a bt es how fo ‘topo wort ahd thor mae guy drs ol Studley te mine beng pln ‘oma uy made weve Yor ogo CTheodexe Wary ant soar 1975) tm demonstrated that een inthe Bape Suan oom and lr mie, ne et geing workers 0 the face wok om ot 1 ote The onthe ie (nee undtgsuad tod Before they callie moved tothe Since deep tiple mines. Ms cae can easly goup oe "The_reatoms for exrnive perc and materia transporte tne aeelred obo” ‘Type egupmem apr spt ot mocap he aE cantata doaphc chm Nomen cum fone oad nag and ‘bigs sgnecanty snes tan mechan ane pore Unienond crvremsres pci eke wing (resing sor edb sed asada 1+ Gere ine anon cha gor ak nd och sss, ogres done it dg joicaias yond oon eer romans Tape ern ers lag ne {este oup ol perl arg ib nce pe erates ea penser etn + Theme npn: denn sd te hand by Pron sneha + Tiernan bday ie pret on Tcocrnd seca + Anenpnerig sy tl pence morenen sens ‘Reale snd wot prac ae sequen fs bance spo yon + Gros shold be ramped i ia ache pose Seca wa ty wt peep Preceded ame po obs Eason + Sapeer af sald ne echni am rcerponie 1 Aninentveo spre sy ast be ncnened tare tee gana ed p= ecm cane Sune at png see 2.8 REFERENCES a is 197 be Pan Des apy Ears ta Tenable tc ral 988 Suto Lar i ik Meg Mie Me "Retort on Newark Noes apn a5 Eames a ec oO on, Tamera apples yp ener Mine Design Cordratine Coie M197 On ores nd Onin nn nee eae BAL Pet rp. of eal Ned Mi "flan Hod SAME itzon CO pp. ose B78 Sure Ma tna oa one He 0 Py nig. Mon New ek 1 Sep ae Cr sei interment scsi lee GNint e amc AME Ro see MT, ona lamer Puri a Sar pi Se “hole yl Axis 97 Aad Men. Mia Nbetatimeinweisreson nn “ey C3 156ml Des bet Min, Posed ‘Be Wipes ny ME a op au "par wc nm een, Dome Cra Soe ey Clan 80 ‘iiarree 5 Planning the Underground Mine on the Basis of Mining Method Ficherd Bullock’ and Wiliam Mustrua? 34 mrRopueTION “Te prvines chap concent or cefing the aca hat SACRE STE Sy cmap ooo cape ‘uacy Ths chapter wil adds tone seas o plang oad icin sppesbie sce ming meat 3.2 ROOMANDSPILLAR STOPING When one condor the nuner of underground mines a lirenope, done tl wou, gta ad psu a well ab ee hsp ape lea an sine ame theese hen {abou ot be sae to rele tha apprsiney CO to Som ol a mmc underout ing the Une Sees re ith some form of oom end pla ne, Accor 16h "ene foto Se Aris re stead misao wht a rsa A be ac Bete totem 20 te 90 tar ener pt ‘Unc aggre mes ban plano “or fe uno ch on oo he ntfs es dec cess cin Bote Be ad or ‘he ptr picasa the ano commode, “Te dicaion im Chapter 2 (2422) adoqtly ces the {Shia whet no hat asen tem mene. Bar © Fee Some ote cnc et feo and mie 10 tis poi deve he source fom ie, sarily feces met fs Hashatis sek the maecnret ptf he crt ~ Testa ep shuld sunk w mee nox of the Grobe ull down ond rach he ste ‘inp pets = The stat cep sid nk deep ec Secommodateadeaute dup poste sponding, Gnlorensher sate ~ fibre the entra wilt outa aight ret ui 1+ aici «ave atte wee or “racers ule. then the mim sade ~ anesor st ao ba the sine wl be Stine alread was euler on ‘taf ben 1M the maxim ade ‘ommend ~ Genneoe bel ug ly hehe ania rade ‘ald hema bed o6 aarti (13° Bh depenling one peo tral eared once ne mat emember et samen wl be en sng ebb csm ops eck: saci ha ay Inthe desi rid nes mai sing asd 3.22 Ovetation of Roem ane Pars ‘Oriemation wit Conskeradon of In Sess. As mall mig thd, the plone of em Bila peta mr be are of pebble ns Sree win therackppne nig ded hare sgn eno ‘ine planer cui we tye ino aoe by aon Tom ‘let ue docen of ecangr pin ogee at Sprinter. he ey ea ae cevekpent ‘sear sbolé be doe ty dsr te magatuds ond die ‘nf ier sre eh When oe dnt hn te die ‘i fra aro wt hele sm ner es the Used Stacy pdas Sond brand wines nih {eco cra. Wet Recs coneed 300d fpeatg pac, any vey shy cama peta ‘rw may have ney Bonzo ese onde at rciree oi de ren end ores of crea Serer pu Tas prelate he ee hes een sn hd wi ad whe noua cou hve Innes fe ened poten nx ly ih hors res ees, at neh her sec 1 BESss el caso bles tas vos neh eso te fi ie play trensnnn ingorset bor the snp ot ‘Stoned how aks pla eran, Suh opti ‘eval dacimened or cae say by Koren and Sunken, “Mosca of Room aed ar Ming Method ioral gyre Dette 2) ip, “whi mat yom and pla eating done fay fat 2S, tech dor creep eb rte ted % arene it cine po sbow Sh Sy there wie ile fice in he lnjut of tora ilar stpe except tet tae Sco said Read ont nach a er te dee ag Ed ener Mine Design Coneseratine sans nen tp Mn cin om Ses sae athe ne emis soy nanan ret SUrRiact act oe ate eet oe epee re anne gee ee ad i heeceergiase nae Senate mena ees pe teed Einar eran ae eae Se cecaier ic penance 223. Reemane-iar Mine Heuage Developrt Namath te roducion shat developed comers resto enc of fe ane boxy. The obeaiee of rodation ‘lselopnenr in mine the coo sng oe oie hat {8 e's tackeseRaulage aperainn,ber Soricracens sl ‘ep barge as 1 Giada shoul a pie, el ong ls The raat shoul bes ace pie. Tima Teg pi teartes ok coe te oud oder ‘Mound pei firmed plan, Therelore oll a bulge ‘oan be on ining. and ‘Souk! bed ot rom i plan + gl ce sould be mlmane in xen condition toh adequt tune of ered ope graded an pe diy Rater acon cae ote, ures rook a there Fo yi othe mine developmen pl, Ke the ies haa gen Ouplee 2251) by Searing wa These {nce tying scone rie drs he ss, ‘Rosing sate ange trout tht este sharpbulaoe pas, SP pe npr ses sets a em ee man dete Tc ii eb Nie ric oe sm cotidr tho vaio mtn of owing fk om he Sone lve w the ching under ne che Therese ‘Serr and powefl uber red macuae, ug Strut feet somerset he dc of ‘Wher area ar pla nef taro eer fo he Sls mater bg tale up a dine oe aac iad oalcamp. (LAD) machines wh a ruber tie one wall Probab be the bet tie mine praisiy worked ow fom she dump locaton, sbme po sont ed onder shoulda edi tect Amerie he ore ao itibeetah nd iaciand ole etnies he amp pot Beauly © de cottet teachen cee ee ea ‘ould vy in the beading ands moore umber Of ace ‘Soul esl that wi ep the er by. ond the man haulage i om te Bote Il the aus toa ne nonin an SctShaies ons otan wachsueshieecme, ‘mst rc eee rer cin wat owned ram Se oper oe oy Sb eh ‘ante cn ane jn te icp sunt fom wh ID rand eit in sch Paetons sie pls fr wong mel om xeon ar nie Bele sae Bava at et oer sport pent nin ter porn mel SL aearet Cay aoe ara ‘Ser rein and sec rey oe Obese Stor defn ore tend ‘cvunant Clock 1975, B82. Geta 19703 Se ober cui ted sce rei well wort moting. In some of the okler pias ‘mines, [Slap ot res Sevan seal ha fe Kal reels Wate ee el a er ag or wi becuef oe tall bechgeeys esta Ban Hoag en Caer bg ae UabGingrkaatonteeseriosaeerateesteas tt SS teaees te tele tp aed Eas a Sptiniing pono x fas Spee Wg adi sense Severs a oe asa ‘meine ll tart om che dee of the ne care. In {fee te nie tay tgs sme ‘ahr drone od te Hristo fhe pendieuce cs U ‘of cen eg pat ener Te cir ‘enlceehe cme trenaher mute ered pbc Prodan mncsamy om theeenoalhau pont Planning th Untersyound Mine onthe Bat of Mig eth ‘There was tine when rail hulge a the pine rated of wanarig or am the fete ct Sissi ld tad bet Mourne 596 km C00 Fa) tf rreoneced ated ance brag lore from abou 19 ‘irc oro main hate Today ee ore ery ema Pilsner aso a hase Tr meranom an ay meget pate Se fe eerie ene ei ie Secs oem Eee cos Sem eee Sele neesntocenes Seem cererear arene ee "neon oan ining done by dig nd ee ee Ee a ena aes Soiee ae peas soviemtomeymnaearn Secor tres ean Seren cer ees (rote apd wh the Enos et ado achat Sobers Sivcietciaieece ares aires seibie ceintear einer Sieceaioee Same meaner reese eo a es Ee ten a io Sumecucinteetneratin —Saavaeeee, Ingen pest sua rune cicurtance 1 es ground suppor nocd Grins, nocylc pares {Few ound trates ane no ai ast 1 Unitorm mucesoe tess rshingand grinding ee athe ill Reduced veeiainreqaremerts 4 Anomatcs apaiiy There mechan excavation tly ele, ae pt si den as des ae ope aug the fee The tal pas of ming by ing a BOIES SG cies omy te al pao israel 3951, 1962 Lantos and Kom 1965, Hopiet 193 owe ube pect aie evened Ua cal ‘hows 40% of the tsk shod be tchan wih dios round ‘thant ony oe ec facet about CO ofthe rack shld [eaten ing w mle tees they ave apne (Gigwe 32 Mar hese cpt 0 broke td mais pod 2.28 ShgiePins or Mutipe Pane Extract Gre body ovluble rock ang he entre kes noe pas Ginn sha) orem be oe Day sg eps oF FaURES2 onion a vvm an ape ing ofene by ‘Sng cemeston of a portant oe ee ceo Siang to pon soot to hee ses wn epton tes of coune raed the vel Spay mining edie apse depen, the ttl shale of the ee borane tire fd the ec aoa fan ore Soporte parcuy Ahansapp Vay apd rete depose the mine planer yeaa does aa on ow inh eal ming horse gm De caps hore esas ay ietaan eb eet ase ‘well be ctterent. - I eerie ras a erent etree rears mame cree, eran sae aera Serereameentneeeiae oat hsteteagncri doar Bae eeteneecsee Should net exceed 85 98m (284032: Hemeve, thre ae Serena ae ever a for shud be chhaner ne TeiScvnaoaroen earn beksioldte ade Nr on wes an snl ck pope ral {Perron methine moe ew ote here Theres of ie. othe fck vay sme spean’s dente Wore tenn eta Soe hig W tei eRe ws wo me the tom shane tees seb ae ee oo tte ha 2m 08, then eer xo Steed cats ce wrk ee fn a By Eas Koacentiees vrumerts bres res Seti? seeeth tad a veges bes manos ene pet Sesto dl elo exc ie bee Tas ‘Spc se fc Hargett ‘Sumner thie the ao ed wp sey ‘Enlist dite geo besh ns ea “ed dpe Ste ccs nce So apie es ener ne Design Considerations cess nthe ek gente an 2 (719,08 the room beige arn te stnin hgh een Se {sly mained hen the prog mina fence {oro twine hace atte nee he enrance fe ‘ope. This set hold be berwen the ily ad hou each ihe eight ofthe new sce othe op the oe bly Ce ‘hetop ofthe nw plas. Smorhwall basing cold be wed ‘dvanage nh ate, Amie dre sel n sal oe sh SDYrps) shod bee panne te rock ep ane mane 9 {ead for he nbo crc pk: Aten Sih ds reenable os wf udng the rae Salat Fom hee the junto can ail ref Ses earn flor te ome Jone tego ae ftoped sce Even ft yes sai ek bend te ea Set one, yee Ol at be cer one ne eer the ee vl have oe i he stope rock pe vat the bade ‘ting jb comphnd Tas canbe dasetanage fe eae Sead tke pedacten mimes orton be bg oanage IWike ove tan be mowed shen my mines fee on Sure is the 9p ofthe or ally ached the ick cn te sade te st nat srenlluptary sone one bac The ‘pect nian hs ben priced inate eanence ince 2 iuemem exten dare tnt uname fr seta uct ofthe oe be aed from broken eck plas In tts es wl be ncremay tl tore om hebrere, Sil iv lp upan the ek pl and lo out he cee rs Gite) ia vey thid, conus ot oe (ay 15 to 20 m 5019 5 or more ie famd shoe tine sce er he et se {shen ermph ee aoe tm am emy eeen apron ay eta insu acane ee ter to drive deepest ‘Shep te tow ce sone tds oa cw ee ths new amp. A sb rae can he be pt hough rom the ‘Seow loc! te ty Ie ha or fod ec rae ‘era bx onghle igs stig rth el ew a tbe as tad be rept oe soothe Basing bean the ‘cc al the bck rhc om the pe nd he fn beck inte epee he or ae a be sa fom te coe hese ey et eating ch sho Sine in he fae st he cece whe ae the ep ‘SS cary ce auch bcd yf mse sai the holh enieed sa frag epee eis enim pie cary tbo 08 gh ached ‘Ser at Vibe re woe? wit (to Ho) Itadr. lover bond sb ater open fey a) ring and aticg the Walls ib ually done with owes ning se stacey eb wt Jkoi-tim Gat mek ite bute ae tamer bemoy oe tulle my bedi ot nih is “este reere cr hepato 2 mor ea he socom to ore reached gre 3, Hower at ‘there pe omni mpc tik Sine at Tp rece Sag nogh nemo oie ht Wabi pct iste Ge esos cnc set foun thn te prs canbe said dena 9 nce ac har fect lay a pes hes tenn te ak tl ale op te en lt {Tain ile bey diced bane the pt hr at ter an gen pile wt cane bythe mine porn, te Signed wa ig rat ei be cxreed by sae ses ork thre ery le ae ec tha pla cee Sirs plead ake Joon the bck od he op th etme ‘int be repaid tae evesing seus be done Ponce yet ta tg ei po at Saylocome malin pss 226 Room wane Fox prin ons, fonry wt ho 3 wide Paco ad sn The wider be rome te more fice ie Aine an twine atte mae efficent Oe ing od fat eqapmentMonever or wah fr ay ean ine uma ned ye cath heey the eek its npr des room frets ela theory whoa aig no ‘org On che ther hand, Deru th ok sed psc {ec ond thus afecive rok mace aed can Be ‘ey Scene sof cms "Tre ete beer may pes writen on ht desig Fore coma docuien of he mek mechani pred is probes rn Sern Touma Den What ‘eterno se at hf what neato wl feeds forte desig aa iar aco ie mee lomo tread then Caper 2 24 and P12, thee et enw sannay fhe pclae astral tration ob ‘Skanedcunng xpoeton ta re hay Unlruoney at Stplorsuon groupe spend ie tine oe money a ag © ‘dtermine ee formacon nce coset rok ss ‘cheatin of tr mealaed aes snd te eck trun the mncrakation ay be tae a oat ges” oc mat Scapa wil he fe dene wit aad ete ioe ‘Splrauo nfermatn fn an ts hoped tater odd Seana norton dat unerrown! Sata em ae psurfce apne nappy of ace oye fhe se ferstion underpasnd, tnd seopheal ora ha sede rock maw cision cui be tered Planning the Uncegroand Wine ote Bal f Ming Method What realy need ies nero! ts section te CGupier 2 2.14) 10 pod eas or Gevexping es see ‘eng the mile pave of 2 mune fast sty ere entice of then real yess fr ding hi ‘hs beer geoys inorsacen on wich o bse mie lig ce rooms ari with aed eights fehich wget ie operating cor Sct cm be ‘Samar merge. tn jos am fates acre neue. [nubaszer foramen canbe ee ater oe nes ht beled fr oro sine Scie Sarees eats a te eraacee aon ‘i Thus se porn tt 1 ha ch ate enue SEES ae niyo rn noe ee emacs eecietetencee Seeceriee repent Se oer mene ers Seat eeeton nce oe ease ieee cee renee onus mean as Rearrange merece pee ae soupee eee meee Pa pe en peeecia eet ae 228 Venton Huth i in eden ren erat ‘Rev ide mise plamcr sid wc reps nore 08 pine wealaion snnng rman e197: Ramat ‘Ten 199) lamer mos fhe rcs on vention $8 ‘Ervoom-a pit sng en men ne fr eal es Tes [Erwy beogrcblo to meneunsfow pone ange ey metal Gnlappegaewomrant lr ibe. 1 Everything ages es at wncoramon w have erry Sih dy 9a an ed ‘nce lost srs te won nen ese condons © aS napaing cae be casts, This many oom ‘Sepa es yon veda to pek parfom ‘Beta vennon diiand cary toaph et 1+ Nertin dace ae more Be srane hangar doce Noreen a ee Sleentyoten error onc oneal 4+ Asenaton ie rgestopes conte a problem. {Diesel eqiment sued etsy thee nes, ad ‘exer wat be ded ‘+ Vert ne cab placed underground iti en Siewe * 328 Pita Roiing Per recal hid bea psn pat of oer ing ares rhe the score ive of thee emaaing in he pan Fos and eran treo. an seme aot Ucomia for ss ery highstade pila the dene Trios othe urea Tend wave # elo of vt ‘nllon ds la er more pla earl te eae it ‘edt cn ty Cope 6, WL a hus i frre par enacion planed, wother i be sang ol ples eral of on» few hgh rae filam, or comple tenovd incmporating some sem of Foci hee ase cutee tna mine sgn wll. ay lace ht maybe bbe done ne ae ‘om ihe erence of the cuts in Hoong and seperine sting ard tern mass ot, ant ‘dire tparant hing odo val compe evneko ‘Savergece, ant tought tears quran To Iocedare = aopcable to rwanda” tig hee tminuous pls a em warn arc lar. ome ‘ning hae bck eo converges of ch ata inch per {om thet te me omslig ipa fine Chas 7 ‘Rear minea such ssme mine te bar rd bck famrconrergence om th cero ew hands om er ‘Dont ces wey span and vom 0.008 eran dines ¢ venous prticn, abou colle Gin ernedise clon ‘Thawte, comerguece must be ‘omierd in seltion hat spa teachin ie, Seach tne ch dee ho ch cuengence nes Be Peeler covet ty "These ie saver tos of lb mera in rorwand: pllar ope intron rms te Sr ‘+ Siing ome or off esch placing te ik {gate porno he orate sen erred ‘Completes semoving ew fhe most valine piles, ‘Stig erewgy plas ntouched we yp te ke 1+ Sszanow tops comply reign loss ine ‘ome ees, ‘at four! over apse of pycnimute’ 25 Su mach ‘ee ineny avr te 0 7h was 3 oem ar ‘Ring datiel ht ma mined 10 ler Fal beg ht “nate aprcch i we pace cemented boefll stun pan athe ray tthe back to suppor the soe properly etwen theodore a” ert plas i etneen. These pls ean thet be removed. the vble! area Lane el 1999. The tual bell wold even oy fare ue. Tl tie sbov methods hav been ed nd ren 9 be pote: Each meh mat was! fem gn tem

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