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C1 - KN Chung Ve KCD PDF
C1 - KN Chung Ve KCD PDF
Trong mng in trung tnh cch t ch tn ti 3 dng ngn mch: N3, N2, N1,1 trng hp
mt pha ni tt vi t, trong mng in ny khng gi l ngn mch m gi l chm t mt
pha v khi dng in qua im chm t l dng in dung c tr s nh I = (5 30 ) A.
Dng in ngn mch bao gi cng chy t ngun v im ngn mch, ri tr li ngun.
in p im ngn mch c xem l bng khng.
A
B
2 H quang in
2.1. Khi nim :
H quang in l hin tng phng in trong cht kh, cht lng hoc hi c mt
dng in rt ln t ti hng chc ngn A/Cm2, lm pht sinh nhit vng thn h quang
rt cao t (300010000)0C.
I.Zt l in p u cc ph ti.
thc hin nhanh v dt khot. E = U/d nu tng nhanh khong cch d th E gim nhanh khi E <
Ei th h quang b dp tt.
3.2. Phng php chia nh h quang:
t gia 2 u tip xc ng v tnh mt bung dp h quang trong bung c tm kim
loi chu nhit t song song vi nhau to thnh cch t chia nh h quang nh hnh v:
cch t
Tip xc tnh
Tip xc ng
f
i
T trng cun dy sinh ra nh hnh v. Khi tip xc ng ri khi tip xc tnh h quang
pht sinh bt cu gia 2 u tip xc, lc in t do cun dy thi t sinh ra s y tia h quang
ko di ln pha trn, b lm ngui v dp tt.
Khi dng in i chiu th t trng cun dy cng i chiu, do lc in t F c phng chiu khng thay i. Phng php ny thng c s dng dp tt h quang trong my
ct in hoc dao ph ti.
3.4. Phng php dp h quang bng thi sinh kh :
Vt liu sinh kh thng th rn, khi b nhit phn do h quang nhit cao, s chuyn
sang th hi (thng hoa) lm cho p sut vng pht sinh h quang tng ln rt ln, c th t
ti hng chc at thi dp tt h quang.
Phng php ny c ng dng dp tt h quang trong chng st ng, cu ch t ri..
4 tip xc in
4.1. Khi nim :
Tip xc in l ch tip xc ca hai hay nhiu vt dn, truyn dn dng in i t
Tip xc c nh
b. Tip xc ng m:
l tip xc gia tip im ng v tnh ca cc loi kh c in ng ct mch in.
V d nh: Tip xc ca tip im cu dao, cng tc, aptomat, my ct...
Tip xc ng m
c. Tip xc trt:
l dng tip xc vt dn ny trut trn vt dn kia. V d: Chi than trt trn c gp
Tip xc trt
ca my pht in hoc ng c.
a)
b)
c)
e)
d)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Rtx =
2.
F .n
b .
T cng thc (4-1) ta thy in tr tip xc ph thuc vo: in tr sut ca vt liu lm tip
im, s im tip xc, lc p ln b mt tip xc v ng sut chng dp ca vt liu lm tip
im. Ngoi ra in tr tip xc cn ph thuc vo tnh trng b mt tip xc: Nu b mt tip
xc b bn, b r, b chy th in tr tip xc tng ln, lm tng tn tht in p, v tn tht
cng sut trn mng in. in tr tip xc cn ph thuc vo nhit im tip xc. Khi
nhit im tip xc cng cao th in tr tip xc cng tng.
Trong : a0 : h s in tr nhit.
0 : nhit ban u ca tip im.
5 mch t
ft
T thng r R.
5.2. Nam chm in:
ft
n
s
n
s