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Sixteen Years of Internet

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Great Software, Little - 77


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REVIEW

161

Crysis

SPECIAL REPORT
165 The Golden Age Of Video Game
166 2007 Game of The Debate

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172 Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
174 Premiere Tutorial
177 0if;'dk;pfApfpwm ed'ge;f
181 PhotoshopTutorial
184 Visual Basic .Net
188 0if;'d;k pf XP twGuf tajccHvrf;nTerf sm;
198 uGefysLwmtar;tajz
211 Java Developer Guide
EDITOR
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4 Excellent Add-Ons
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EkdifwJh add-on software wpfckwavawmh tultnD ay;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/

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1/ Address Book to CSV Exporter (tcrJh www. antonialore .net) u
oifh OSX Address Book udk comma-delimited format udk ydkYw,f/
'gaMumifh oifh&JU Gmail account xJudk import vkyfEkdifw,f/ owd
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2/ gDisk (tcrJh gdisk, sourceforge.net) u oifh&JU omref files rsm;eJY
folders rsm;udk ae&mtESHYu &&SdwJh Gmail odrf;qnf;zdkY ae&mrSm xnfhoGif;
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3/ Google Notifier (tcrJh macworld.com / 2752) Google Calendar t&
oifhrSm a&SUvmr,fhtcsdef vIyf&Sm;&r,fhudpr sm;udk oifh&JU menu bar uae
owd ay;aewmudk azmfjyay;vdrfhr,f/ odkYr[kwf oifh&JU Gmail inbox rSm
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Hosted Mail Notifier (macworld.com/ 2753) qdw
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4/ Spanning Sync (wpfMudrf0,f 65 a':vm? ESpfpOfaMu; 25 a':vm?
www. spanncingssync.com) miCal calendar eJY Google Calendar
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cGefausmfxGef; (awmifMuD;)

Zefe0g&?D 2008

35

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36

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(Time r*Zif;rS Romancing
The Computer aqmif;yg; udk
rSjD irf;a&;om;xm;yg w,f/)

Zefe0g&?D 2008

37

NEW PRODUCTS

New Products

Gateway One
one

Windows Vista udk vSvSyytoHk;jyKEkdifaprnfh all-inuGefysLwmtrsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ high-concept jzifh

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txd aumif;rGefvSonf/ Vocals rsm;? bass rsm;ESifh high
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front panel

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ay;onf/

IR
remote

wireless

uD;bkwf

40

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onf yHkazmfrsufESmjyifwpfcktjzpf aqmif&Gufay;ae


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panel

2.0 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo T7250 processor, 3GB


667 MHz DDR2, SDRAM, 500 GB (7200 rpm) SATA
hard drives ESifh 256 MB ATI Mobility Radeon HD
2600 XT graphic card wdYk wyfqifxm;jyD; 19 vufrt&G,f
wide-screen LCD armfeDwmwdkYudk toHk;csxm;jcif;aMumifh
performance rSm qdz
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dual layer DVD + RW drive jzifhvnf; tiftm; jznfhay;
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resolution jzpfaejcif;? pointing device uD;bkwfaygifuGif;
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1800 a':vm jzpfonf/

EW PRODUCTS
uGeyf NsLwmtaxG
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HP Photosmart Pro B9180 Photo Printer


HP onf photo printer avmuudk pdk;rdk;xm;cJhEkdifonf/
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tjyif 13 vufr _ 44 vufr t&G,ftpm; aMumfjimezl;pD;rsm;
udkvnf; xkwfvkyfay;Ekdifygao;onf/ eight-color ink system
udk pigment-based ink rsm;ESifhtwl toHk;csxm;ojzifh dyebased ink rsm;xuf Mum&SnfcHEkdifygonf/ HP tqdkt& if;\
tnTef;0ifpuLudkom toHk;jyKrnfqdkygu rSefaygifxJ xnfhxm;
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banner

Lexmark X3550
bwf*suf all-in-one (AIOs) wkdif;onf tajccH printing,
scanning ESifh copying taetxm;xuf tenf;i,fom ausmf
vGefaewwfonf/ Lexmark X3550 rSmrl ydk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
xnfhoGif;csufrsm; ygvmcJhonf/ tu,f yDpDwGif fax modem
wpfckom&Sdaernfqdkygu if;rSwpfqifh fax vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
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aqmif&u
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rl&if;wefz;kd rSm a':vm 80 om&So
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onf/ Text quality tenf;i,fcsKUd ,Gi;f rI awGY&onf/ Automatic
document feeder vHk;0rygay/ xkwfay;Ekdifonfh EIef;xm;onf
jrefqefygonf[k rqdo
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taetxm;ESihf output tajctaewdYk onf owfrw
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xkdufwefaeonf[k ajymEkdifygvdrfhrnf/

Zefe0g&D? 2008

41

NEW PRODUCTS
Raon Digital Everun L 30 H
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ukd,f xnftwGif; wnfaqmufxm;jyD; UMPC 'DZkdif;jyKum
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799 a':vmom&Sdonf/ tav;csdeftm;jzifh 1 'or 1 aygifom
av;onf/ bufx&DrSm toHk;cHvSojzifh taumif;qHk;c&D;aqmif
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vkyaf qmifay;aeouJo
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Geode LX 800 processor ESifhtwl 512 MB DDR SDRAM
ESifh 128 MB AMD Geode LX graphics wdkYudk wGJzufwyfqif
xm;jyD; 30 GB (4200 rpm) hard drive udk xnfhay;xm;onf/
yHak zmfrsufEmS jyiftaeeJY 4 'or 8vufrt&G,f 800 x 480 pixel
touch screen TFT LCD udk wyfqifxm;&So
d nf/ vnfywfrpI epf
twGuf Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Editior xnfh
oGi;f yg&Srd nfjzpfonf/ armufpcf vkwEf iS hf touch sensor udk orm;
d;k usae&mrsK;d wGirf xm;&Sb
d J tay:xdyaf tmufxyd f axmifjh zwfwyf
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Full-fledged

tay:xyd af xmifw
h iG f
touch sensor

wyfxm;ay;onf/

arrow key rsm;

txufwGif armufpfcvkwf
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Palm Centro
My First Samrtphone vdYk ac:Muonf/ tajccHobm0tm;
jzifh Treo 755p udk ao;i,faom tdraf v;xJukd >ywfoyd x
f nfah y;
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f nfo
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toHk;jyKygu 99 a':vmom&SdjyD; tvGwf0,f,loltwGuf 299


a':vm owfrSwfxm;jcif;aMumifh Palm \ aemufqHk;xkwf armf
',fjzpfaomfvnf; ta&mif;oGuyf pn;f jzpfomG ;apygonf/ Treo
armf',fawGxuf i,faomfjim;vnf; Centro onf BlackBarry
Pearl xuf tenf;i,fMuD;aeonf/ Screen \ resolution udk
320 x 320 pixel txd jrifhwifay;xm;jyD; rsufESmpmwGifyif
QWERTY uD;bkwfao;ao;av; wyfqifay;xm;onf/ toH
zrf;,lrI tm;aumif;jyD; em;MuyfESifh pyDumzkef;wdkYudk toHk;cscGifh
ay;xm;cJhonf/ 4 ESpfcefY oufwrf;&SdjyDjzpfaom Palm OS udk
toH;k jyKxm;jcif;aMumifh stereo Bluetooth audio yHyh ;kd rIuo
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acwfay: feature rsm; ryg&SdEkdifawmhay/ odkYaomf messaging
option aygif;rsm;pGm yg&Sv
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h nf/ 1.3 megapixel uifr&myg&Sd
onf/ kyfaoyHkrsm;twGuf tqifajyaomfvnf; video dkuful;rI
twGuf txpfxpftaighaigh &SdEkdifonf/ Music format rsm;
twGuf MP3, AAC ESifh WMA wdkYudk cGifhjyKay;xm;ojzifh Windows Media Player jzifh csdefukduf toHk;jyKEkdifaponf/

42

uGefysLwm*sme,f

High
Resolution
320 x 320
pixel screen

Keys

rsm;rSm
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aomfvnf; Clear rubber mubs rsm;jzifh
jyKvyk x
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NEW PRODUCTS

Verizon Wireless Coupe


a&S;usaom clam sheell yHkpHjzifh jyKvkyfxm;jcif;onfyif
topfvm;? ta[mif;vm;[k a0cGrJ &jzpfp&m yHpk jH zpfonf/ odYkaomf
udkifMunfhvkdufonfhtcg yg;yg;vsvs ayghayghyg;yg; jzpfaeapyg
onf/ txl;jcm;qHk; feature wpfckrSm yHkpHtoGiftjyif tajccHus
vSaomfvnf; uspfuspfvspfvspf oG,foG,fvsvsESifh jyD;jynfhpHkap
aom w,fvDzkef;av;jzpfonf/ "I", "C", "E" [laom programmable speed-dial key toHk;jyK&ef yg&Sdonf/ ta&;ay:
toHk;jyK&ef &nf&G,fxm;onfh plain cryptic oufoufomjzpf
onf/ okYd aomf if;twGuf acgif;Iypf &mwpfck jzpfomG ;apcJo
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'DZdkif;vkyfay;xm;onfhtvm; jrifawGY&onf/ Verizon twGuf
&nfrSef;vkyfukdifay;xm;jcif;aMumifh tjcm;qufoG,fa&;pepfjzifh
toHk;jyKonfhtcg wpfrsKd;wpfrnfjzpfaponf/ Bluetooth yHhydk;
xm;jcif; r&Sday/ odkYaomf headset jack aygufyg&SdjyD; voice
dialing udk xnfhay;xm;onf/

ta&;ay:tqifjh y
tjrefac: code
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yg&jdS cif;aMumifh
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AT&T TILT/HTC 8925


Microsoft Mobile device wpfckuJhodkY portable computing udk ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif toHk;cscGifh&Sdaom smartphone trsKd;
tpm;jzpfonf/ tvGefjrefqefaom performance ay;pGrf;Ekdif
onf/ global wireless pepf tvG,fwul qufoG,fEkdifcGifh&SdjyD;
Microsoft apps rsm;udk tqifajyajy csw
d q
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320 x 240 resolution


&Sad om touchscreen

44

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ygonf/ toH;k jyKEkid af omtcGit


hf vrf; wpfyw
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Connect toHk;jyKonfhtcg tenf;i,f aES;auG;rI&Sdjcif;yifjzpf
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f nfh
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f Ek iS hf IM application wdYk ukd yHyh ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;Ekid o
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tjyif Windows Live ESifh Yahoo! on board wdkYudkvnf; ykdifEkdif
pGm toHk;cscGifh&Sdonf/ Tele Nav service twGuf GPS pepfudk
vnf; xnfhoGif;ay;xm;onf/ toHtaetxm;t& reception
aumif;rGefvSonfhtjyif speakerphone rSmvnf; cyfus,fus,f
toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 549 a':vmjzpfonf/

NEW PRODUCTS
Fujifilm Finepix F50 fd
Fujifilm Finepix F 50 fd uifr&mav;onf image quality
aumif;aumif;&&SdEkdifonfhtjyif yg&Sdvmaom features rsm;rSm
vnf; toHk;0ifvSonfhtjyif toHk;jyK&ol oufaomifhoufom
ukdifwG,f toHk;csEkdifaom 'DZdkif;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;&Sdonf/
awmifw
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d nf/ 12 megapixel t&nftaoG;udk
dkuful;&,lEkdifum 3 X zoom lens onf 35 mm -105 mm ESifh
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aumif;aom compact camera av;wpfvHk; jzpfoGm;apygonf/
Wide twGuf f/2.8 aperture ukday;um zoom twGuf f/5.1
aperture udk ay;xm;onf/ tvif;a&mifenf;yg;onfw
h idk f wideangle setting udk toHk;csEkdifao;onf/ brightness udk csdefnd
Ekdifonfh 2 'or 7 vufrt&G,f LCD screen av; wyfqifay;
xm;onf/ Continuous-shooting mode yg&Sdonf/ built-in
exposure enhancement awmh ryg&Sday/ Face-dection technology oH;k ay;xm;jcif;aMumifh cse
d w
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299 a':vmom&Sdojzifhvnf; bwf*suf csifhcsdefp&mrvdkawmhay/

Adjustable brightness

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t&G,f LCD screen

SD,
SDHC ESihf
XD
memory
card rsm;

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toHk;jyK
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Nikon Coolpix S200


tv,ftvwfwef;pm; compact cam [kac:qdk&rnfyif/
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udk &,lEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ Nikon Coolpix S200 udk basic automatic control rsm;ESifhtwl MudKufESpfoufp&maumif;aom
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46

uGefysLwm*sme,f

txkwftoGif;&aom
zoom lens

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dS nf/

New Products In Yangon


Wireless Turbo G Broadband Router
MSI ukrP
rD S armf',ftrSwf RG 60 G jzifh xkwv
f yk cf ahJ om
wireless router jzpfonf/ MSI \ Turbo G technology udk
toHk;jyKxm;ojzifh standard 802.11g xuf 40 &mckdifEIef; ydkrdkjref
qefrIay;onf/ 64 / 128- bit WEP, WPA, WPA2 wdkYESifhtwl
wireless data transmission udk vHkvHkjcHKjcHK vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf;&Sd
onf/ Firewall ESihf NAC filling access rsm;aMumifh vHjk cHKrt
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f nf/ Performance optimization vkyif ef;
pOftwGuf txl;oifah vsmfaMumif; axmufccH sufay;Ekid o
f nf/ 100
Mbps txd&Sdaom Fast ethernet rsm;udk yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;&ef
port switch av;ck xnfhay;xm;onf/ wyfqif&mwGifvnf;
tvGev
f ,
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l yS gonf/ 5 dBi &Sd High Gain Anternna rSmvnf;
tm;&p&maumif;vSonf/ Operating temperature rSmvnf;
tjrifhqHk; 40 'D*&DpifwD*&dwfom&SdjyD; humidily 10 &mckdifEIef;rS 90 &mckdifEIef;txd toHk;csEkdifjcif;aMumifh Mum&SnfpGm
tmrcHcsuftjynfhESifh toHk;jyKEkdifaom wireless router wpfck jzpfoGm;apygonf/ tvdk&Sdygu 36 vrf;rS Smart Computer qkdifwGif 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygonf/

Mustek Multimedia Video & Sound System


Mustek ukrPDxkwf rmwDrD'D,mud&d,mav;jzpfonf/ 7
vufrt&G,f widescreen TFT LCD screen av;\ t&nf
taoG;rSmvnf; txl;aumif;rGefvSonf/ iPod, iPod mini ESifh
iPod Nano wdYk twGuf docking station ozG,t
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rmwDrD'D,mrsm;udkvnf; cHpm;cGifh&SdoGm;aponf/ wyfqifyg&Sdvm
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onf/ tu,f MP3 player odkYr[kwf AV devices rsm;jzifh
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twGuf Hybrid TV tuner udk wGJzuftoHk;jyKEkdifygao;onf/
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f iG f 0,f,l
&&SdEkdifygonf/

48

uGefysLwm*sme,f

NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON


Toshiba Satellite M 200- E413
Toshiba Satellite pD;&D;0if notebook uGefysLwmrsm;teuf
ta&mif;oGufqHk;ESifh vlMudKuftrsm;qHk; notebook trsKd;tpm;
jzpfonf/ 1.8 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor udk oH;k xm;um
512 MB DDR2 SDRAM ES i f h Intel Graphics Media
Accelerator x 3100 (356 MB shared VRAM) wdkYudk wGJzuf
wyfqifay;xm;onf/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 120 GB SATA HDD
udk toHk;jyKxm;onf/ Optical drive taejzifh Super Multi
Drive (DVD + RW/ RAM) yg&Sdonf/ yHkazmfrsufESmjyiftjzpf
14 'or 1 vufrt&G,f WXGA TFT display udk oHk;xm;
onf/ xdYktjyif built-in 1.3 Mega pixels Webcam av;udv
k nf;
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Finger print security Suite jzifh tm;jznfhay;xm;onf/ tav;
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vG,fulaom taetxm;&Sdonf/ Bluetooth V 2.0 pepfESifh 5in-1 card reader udkvnf; toifh csdwfquf wyfqifyg&Sdvm
rnfjzpfonf/ Satellite M-200 -E 413 notebook 0,f,lol
rsm;twGuf G.Pen 340 tablet av;wpfck vufaqmifxnfhay;yg
vdrrhf nf/ tvd&k ySd gu odrjf zLvrf;&Sd Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkid w
f iG f
&&SdEkdifygonf/

Logitech Cordless 2.4 GHz Presenter


vkyfief;vkyfukdifolwdkYtwGuf wifjyrIrsm; jyKvkyf&mwGif
toHk;csEkdifrnfh device av;jzpfonf/ tjrefEIef; 2.4 GHz &Sd
ojzifh oGufvufpGm vkyfaqmifay;Ekdifygonf/ wifjycsufrsm;
twGuf a&SUjyefaemufjyef jyKvkyfjcif;? slideshow zGifhvSpfjcif;?
toHtwGuf tavsmhtwif; xdef;csKyfay;jcif;? laser pointer
udk toHk;csjcif;ponfh intuitive control rsm; yg0ifonf/ MudK;rJh
pepfjzifh wifjyEkdifjcif;aMumifh wifjyajymqdkolrsm;twGuf tqif
ajyvSonf/ bufx&DrSmvnf; wpfMudrftm;oGif;vQif 12 em&D
MumrQ toHk;jyKEkdifonfhtjyif bufx&Dyg0gtajcjy indicator
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toifhtoHk;csEkdifapygonf/ tvdk&Sdygu odrfjzLvrf;&Sd Lucky
Bird ta&mif;qkdifwGif &&SdEkdifygonf/

50

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Zefe0g&D? 2008

51

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

NEWS: ANALYSIS

tjcm;Hk;oHk;aqmhzf0Jrsm;ESifhywfouf odxm;oihfaom
taMumif;t&m-10 rsKd;
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Perfect Office X3 onfvnf; email
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suites rsm;taejzifhvnf; oD;jcm; email client wpfcc
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Ref: eWeek, Nov.12,2007.

Zefe0g&?D 2008

53

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-OD;aomif;wif (KMD)
-OD;atmifausmrf ;kd (Client-Focus)
-OD;ode;f xGe;f OD; (Compu-tech)
-OD;rd;k oJ (PC World Myanmar)

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Zefe0g&?D 2008

57

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Born : 22.8.1987
e-mail : vox @ technomation.org

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Zefe0g&?D 2008

81

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IT Knowledge wuf v mwmud k
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tifwmeufuaz; qkdifopfawG 'DESpf
xJrSm ae&mtESHYtjym; ay:vmwm
awG U &w,f / t&if u network

1994

1995

wpfq,fah v;ESpw
f m c&D;vrf;
1994 ckESpftukefwGif tjidrf;pm; jr0wDt,f'Dwm
wpfOD;jzpfol jrifholrS pwifwnfaxmifchJonf/

Zefe0g&v
D
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&nf&G,fonf/

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taMumif; t"du yg0ifchJonf/

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xkdrSp rMumcP azmfjychJonf/

pufwifbmv
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aqmif;yg;rsm;udk vli,frsm;
apmifhzwfchJMuonf/
KMD

84

uGefysLwm*sme,f

1995 ckESpfwGif
uGefysLwm*sme,frS
t,f'Dwm OD;jrifhol
a&;om;cJhaom
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ay;tyfv'gef;cJhonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
game qkdifav;awG

ta&twGufu
rsm;ayr,fh 'DESpfrSmawmh 'D*drf;qkdif
awG ododomomMuD; usqif;vmjyD;
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t&ifu dial up avmufeJY auseyf
aewhJ ukrPDawG? vkyfief;awGu
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udk owdxm;rdvmw,f/
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ta&twGufu cgwkdif;ESpfawGxuf
ydrk sm;vmwmawGU&w,f/ 'guvnf;
tm;&p&maumif;whJtcsufyg/ tGef
vkdif;uae ausmif;avQmufvTmawG

1996

1997

1998

azazmf0g&v
D

rwfv

Zefe0g&v
D

]tifwmeuftaMumif; odaumif;
p&mrsm;} ESifh ]tDvufx&Gef
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pwif pdwf0if
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]uGefysLwm toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh
usef;rma&;jyoem} aqmif;yg;
onf ,ckxufxd opfvGif
vwfqwfaeao;onf/

Y2K Guide Line

aqmif;yg;onf c&pfESpf
2000 rSm jzpfvmEkdifaom
jyemrsm;udk owd&Sd&Sd
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vrf;nTefay;EkdifchJonf/

Ed0k ifbmv
jrefrmpmudk uGefysLwmu
em;vnfEkdifjyD aqmif;yg;aMumifh
ynm&SifawG Ekd;Mum;vmchJMu
onf/

rwfv
vlom;ESifh uGefysLwmwkdY\
ppfwk&ifjydKifyGJudk upm;uGuf
rsm;rStp azmfjyay;chJonf/

atmifjrifh (ME. Australia)


onf uGefysLwm ykd*&rfrif;
enf;ynmrsm;udk taMumif;
t&mrsKd;pHkjzifh a&;om;chJonf/

jyemrsm;
udk 2 ESpfcefYapm wifMudK
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guide onf yef;csD'DZkdif;
ynm&Sifrsm;tMum; txl;
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Y2K

Zlvikd v
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uGefysLwmwuodkvf 0ifcGifh
vrf;nTefESifh IQ test aqmif;yg;
rsm;onf vli,f rsm;twGuf
tusKd;aus;Zl; jzpfxGef;chJonf/

1999

Akdif;&yfpfrsm;ESifh ywfouf
&mZ0iforkdif;aMumif;?
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Akdif;&yfpfrsm;\ *kPfowd?
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rsm;jzifh Adkif;&yftE&m,fudk txd
a&mufqHk;umuG,fchJonf/
bDvf*dwf\ b0ESifh
ukd,fa&;twKywd? Apple
zefwD;&Sifjzpfaom pwdAfa*smh
taMumif;udk vli,ftrsm;
tm;uspHxm;p&m zwfIchJ&onf/

Zefe0g&?D 2008

85

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
wif M uw,f / tvk y f a c:pmawG
ausmif;wufcGifhaMumfjimawGudk ydkuf
pdyf wdu
k &f mS whJ olawGrsm;w,f/ t&if
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jyD; tvkyfyg wpfcgwnf; &Ekdifr,fh
oifwef;rsKd;awG &SmaeMu&mu tck
awmh paumvm;&Spf b,fu&Ekid rf vJ
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paumvm;&Spf&oGm;wmawmh *syef
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awGygyJ/
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(AYF) qkdwhJ ykd*&rfawGtwGuf
vnf; pwifaejyDvkdY Mum;vkduf&
w,f/ bGUJ vGeo
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2000

rSm wufEkdifzkdY *syeftpdk;&&JU rGefbl


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awmh tenf;tusOf;yg/ 'grsKd;awGu
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awGyg/ tusKd;&SdwhJ toHk;csrIawGu
ykjd yD; tav;omaewmrdYk 'Dupd a wGukd

2001

Mo*kwfv
aqmif;yg;onf uGefysLwmudk
pwifoHk;pGJump &ifaoG; vli,f
wkdYtwGuf tvGef wefzkd;&SdchJonf/

Zefe0g&v
D
[k emrnfMuD;aom
*syefpmar;yGJatmifvufrSwf
taMumif;udk jrefrmausmif;om;
rsm;twGuf azmfjyay;onf/

'J-Tech'

taMumif;udk
aqmif;yg;aumif;rsm;pGmjzifh
azmfjyay;chJjyD; 'XP' udk oHk;oifh
roHk;oifhudk tajz&Smay;chJonf/
Office XP

'A+ certification Exam


Guide' onf ,aeYacwftxd

avhvmoifhaom ar;cGef;rsm;
jzpfchJonf/
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vrf;nTef aqmif;yg;rsm;udk
pkpnf; r*Zif;tjzpf jyefvnf
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Game upm;jcif;ESifh
ywfoufaom aqmif;yg;rsm;
MudKMum; pwifvmchJonf/

86

2002
Zefe0g&v
D

'Moving the cursor around'

ESpv
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b,fEkdifiHrSmrqkd 'grsKd;awG &SdaeMu
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av;awGuwpfqifh a&mufoGm;wm

armfeDwmrsm;twGuf
txl;oHk;oyfcsufaqmif;yg;onf
toHk;jyKolrsm;twGufomruyJ
ynm&Sifrsm; twGufyg
wefzkd;&SdchJonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

jrefrmEkdifiH xif&Sm;aom tkdifwD


enf;ynm&SifwkdY\ tMuHjyKcsuf
a0zefaqG;aEG;csufrsm;ESifh
jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmESifh
enf;ynm tvm;tvmrsm;udk
a[mudef;xkwfchJonf/

2003
Zefe0g&v
D
taMumif;udk pwif
rdwfqufay;chJonf/
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Wifi

jrefrmhaqmhz0f aJ ps;uGu?f jrefrm


w,fvDykdY? jrefrm Info-Tech
paom 'dwf'dwfMuJ ae&mXme
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onf/

trsKd;om;tqifhrSae EkdifiH
wumtqifhodkY &nf&G,fvsuf
usif;yaom National ICT
Week taMumif;udk tjynfhtpHk
azmfjychJonf/

cifaomfwm0if; (Eldorado) \
multi media aqmif;yg;rsm;udk
vlMudKuf rsm;Mu\/

'64 bot' Computer

pepfudk
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uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
awG &Sdw,f/ Thumb drive qkdvkdY
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uGefysLwm ta&mif;qkdifawGrSm 'DESpf
twGif; ta&mif;toGufqHk; ypnf;
av;awG jzpfchJwm awGU&w,f/ qkdif
awGrSm 0ifqHhrIyrmP trsKd;rsKd;eJY
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jrefrmh[efeYJ jyifo;kH MuwmawG trsm;
MuD; &Sdygw,f/ jyifay;EkdifwhJ qm;Apf
pifwmawGvnf; 'DEpS x
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2004

vm&w,f/ 'DEpS rf mS armfew


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aMumifh armfeDwmtopf 0,folawG
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aps;EIef; tjydKiftqkdifavQmhcs&if;
a&mif;aewhJtcsdefrSm jrefrmEkdifiH&JU
aps;uGufrSm CRT awG&JUaps;u wif;
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whJolawGu armf',ftopfawGudk
olYxufig ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKMuwm
awG&Sdovkd version jrifhoHk;vmwm
awGvnf; awGU&w,f/ 'Dudpu
vnf;pdw0f ifpm;p&mygyJ/ 'Dvdk ajymif;

2005

Zefe0g&v
D
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aqmif;yg;onf enf;ynm
avmutwGif; tMuD; tus,f
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azmfxkwfa&;om;xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/

jzpfEkdif? rjzpfEkdif aqG;aEG;rIrsm;ESifh


tajctwif aqmif;yg;rsm;
aMumifh txl;vIyfcwfchJonf/
uGefysLwm0,f,ljcif;qkdif&m
txl;aqmif;yg;rsm;onf tm;ukd;
tm;xm;jyKp&mpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
jzpfvmchJonf/

2006

2007

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D

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GPS pepf

Zefe0g&v
D
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vkyfief;taxmuftuljyK
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aMumif;jyKvkyfaeMuaom vli,f
wkdY *kpkduf zwfMuonf/

Apple uGefysLwmrsm;
Windows pepf xnhfoGif;

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Munfvifvmw,fvkdYvnf; ajymMu
w,f/ version jrifhwhJudpa wGqkd&if
t&ifu Nokia wpfrsKd;wnf; jrifhvkdY
&w,f/ tckawmh LG wkYd ? Samsung
wkdY? Motorola awGukdyg version
jrifhay;aewmudk awGU&w,f/ wwf
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Java

taMumif;udk
azmfjychJonf/
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Zefe0g&?D 2008

87

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
avmufu MySM ay:vmjyD; handset awGrSm jrefrmpmeJY owif;twdk
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88

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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Basic Level

Classic Level

Innovator Level

Processor - Intel Pentium 4 (775)


celeron 2.66 GHz
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 40 GB SATA
Monitor - 15" Samsung
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & mouse

Processor - Intel Pentium 4 (775) Dual


Core 3.0 GHz
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 160 GB SATA
Monitor - 15" Samsung
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 Keyboard & Mouse

366900 usyf

523000 usyf

Processor - Intel Pentium 4


(775) Core 2 Duo 2.0 GHz
Memory - 1 GB DDR 2
HDD - 160 GB
Monitor - 15" Samsung
Gigabyte P35 - D53 PCI Express128 MB
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & Optical mouse

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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
YANGON DESKTOP MARKET
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
LuckyBird

732000 usyf

KMD
Basic Level

Classic Level

Innovator Level

Processor - Intel celeron 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - GME pentium 4
Memory - 256 MB DDR RAM
HDD - 80 GB Hitachi
Monitor - 15" Voiew Sonic
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & optical mouse

Processor - Intel Pentium 4 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - GIGA VM 900 M DDR2
Pentium 4
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2 RAM
HDD - 80 GB Hitachi
Monitor - 15" ViewSonic
P4 ATX Medium Tower Casing
PS2 Keyboard & optical Mouse

Processor - Intel Core 2 Duo 2.33 GHz


Motherboard - Asus KPL - UM DDR2
Pentium 4
Memory - 2 x 512 MB DDR 2 RAM
HDD - 160 GB Hitachi
Monitor - 17" LG
P4 Light High Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & Optical mouse

460000 usyf

707000 usyf

429000 usyf

90

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Basic Level

Classic Level

Innovator Level

Processor - Intel P4 celeron 3.2 GHz


Motherboard - MSI M 900 M2-L
Memory - 512 MB DDR RAM
HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 15" CRT
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & optical mouse

Processor - Intel P4 Pentium 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - MSI PT 890 Neo-v
Display Card - MSI NX 7300 TD 512/
128 M PCI Express
Memory - 512 DDR 2 RAM
HDD - 160 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 15" CRT P4 ATX
Tower Casing, PS2 Keyboard
& optical Mouse 518000 usyf

Processor - Intel P4 Pentium Dual Core


3.0 GHz
Motherboard - MSI Intel 945 P Neo 5-F
Display Card - MSI NX 8400 GSTD 256
PCI Express, Memory - 2 x 512 MB DDR
2 RAM HDD - 160 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 15" CRT, P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & Optical mouse

Basic Level

Classic Level

Innovator Level

Processor - Intel celeron 2.66 GHz


Motherboard - Asus P5 s MX-SE
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 15" CRT View Sonic
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & mouse
Optical - Asus DVD Rom

Processor - Intel Pentium 4 3.2 GHz


Motherboard - MSI 945 GCM5 Fv2
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 15" CRT ViewSonic
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 Keyboard & Mouse
Optical - Asus DVD Rom

Processor - Intel Dual Core 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - Asus P5 LD2- x
Memory - 1 GB DDR 2
HDD - 160 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 17" LCD View Sonic
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & mouse
Optical - Asus DVD Rom

490000 usyf

550000 usyf

842800 usyf

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uGefysLwm toHk;jyKwJholawG ododom

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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
Smart Computer

409000 usyf

600000 usyf

Fidonet

Zefe0g&?D 2008

91

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HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
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P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & mouse
Optical - Sony CD writer

Processor - Intel Classic 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - MSI Psv2 Neo
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 17" CRT Samsung
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 Keyboard & optical Mouse
Optical - Asus DVD writer
DisplayCard - 128 MB PCI Express

Processor - Intel Dual Core 2 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - MSI PS1 Neo
Memory - 1 GB DDR 2
HDD - 320 GB SATA Seagate
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Basic Level

Classic Level

Innovator Level

Processor - Intel celeron 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - MSI 945 GC
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 17" CRT LG/ViewSonic
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & optical mouse

Processor - Intel Pentium 4 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - Lemel 945 p
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Processor - Intel Dual 2 Core 2.66 GHz


Motherboard - MSI 945 GC
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
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Lin Thuzar
Basic Level

Classic Level

Processor - Intel Celeron 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - MSI M900 M2LMIB
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HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 15" CRT Samsung
P4 ATX Tower Casing
PS2 keyboard & mouse
Optical - Lite on CD writer

Processor - Intel Dual Core 3.0 GHz


Motherboard - MSI 945 GC M5F
Memory - 512 MB DDR 2
HDD - 80 GB SATA Seagate
Monitor - 17" CRT Samsung, P4 ATX
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Zefe0g&?D 2008

95

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97

2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,f\ a&G;cs,rf I

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cs,f azmfjyvkdufjcif; jzpfygw,f/

GADGET

iPhone

w,fvDzkef;wpfvHk;udk oHk;pGJol vG,ful


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Zefe0g&?D 2008 101

2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,f\ a&G;cs,rf I

t&m&mudk jznfhqnf;ay;vmw,f/ oGm;av&m


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102

uGefysLwm*sme,f

LASER PRINTER

Canon Laser Jet Printer

uGefysLwm*sme,frSma&m wjcm; vkyfief;


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Canon avqmy&ifwmu awmfHk wefHk
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INKJET PRINTER

Epson Styles C-90

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awG xkwfvkyfay;ovdk low cost ink catridge
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Zefe0g&?D 2008 103

2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,f\ a&G;cs,rf I

SCANNER

HP-Scanjet 2400

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104

uGefysLwm*sme,f

jyK&if HP-Scanjet 2400 udkyJ Tef;qdkae&qJ


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MONITOR

View Sonic

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View Sonic armfew


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NOTEBOOK

iMac Power book

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Zefe0g&?D 2008 105

2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,f\ a&G;cs,rf I

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DIGITAL CAMERA

Casio Exilim Ex-Z 1050

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Zefe0g&?D 2008 107

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NETWORK ACCESSORIES

AMP

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108

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2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,f\ a&G;cs,rf I

MOTHER BOARD

MSI

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MYANMAR FONT

-Win-Innwa

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&uwnf;u uGeyf sLwmqdw


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Training

Star Graphic Design

jrefrmEdik if rH mS uGeyf sLwm tok;H rsm;vmwmeJY


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oifwef;rsm;pGm &SdaewJhMum;xJu 2007 ckESpf

Zefe0g&?D 2008 119

2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,f\ a&G;cs,rf I

twGuf uGefysLwm*sme,f&JYa&G;cs,frIuawmh
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120

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwm*sme,f
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vdkygonf/

2007 Special

2007 ckEpS f uGeyf sLwm*sme,ftMuKd u f *dr;f rsm;


CRYSIS
PC *drf;awG&JU visual tjrifykdif;rSm pHcsdef tqifhtwef;opf wifay;xm;w,f/
ypdzdwfuRef;twGif; US,North Korea jzpfdk;jzpfpOf y#dyurSonf aemufykdif;
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upm;Ekdifw,f/ Hardware ydkif;qkdif&m awmif;qdkcsuf jrifhrm;vGef;vdkY

awmfHkwefHk pufavmufeJY tem;oDzdkY rvG,fygbl;/

BIOSHOCK

vQKdU0SufeufeJaom sci-fi aemufcHZmwfvrf;rSm &ifqkdif


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xm;ygao;w,f/

COMMAND &
CONQUER 3: TIBERIUM
WARS
GDI eJ Y Brotherhood of
Nod wdYk &UJ rqk;H Eki
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d yf JG

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rsm; xHk;pH faction wpfzGJYcsif;pD[m pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;
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tjydKiftqkdif jyif;xefoGufvufwJh multiplayer ykdif;u
ydkrufp&m aumif;w,f/

Zefe0g&?D 2008 121

ENEMY TERRITORY: QUAKE WARS


FPS wdkY&JU bdk;atMuD;
Quake pD;&D;&JU

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qufvufcsDwufaeqJyg/
Quake II eJY Quake 4 rS
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setting

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yg0ifw,f/ Quake III
Aren uJhodkY multiplayer buf wpfzef jyef tmHk
pdkufvmaom sequel jzpfygw,f/

S.T.A.L.K.E.R : SHADOW OF CHERNOBYL

csmEdkbdkif; tPkjrLa&'D,dkowd<ue,fajr aemufcH


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qefaom corridor
runner r[kwfbJ
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122

uGefysLwm*sme,f

THE ORANGE BOX


Half-Life *E0if*drf; ta[mif;ESpfck? wlnDaom graphic
engine oHk;xm;wJh tysHpm;*drf;opfoHk;ck aygif;pyf
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one Zmwfvrf;udk

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Team Fortress 2

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Puzzle *drf;jzpfygw,f/

SUPREME
COMMANDER

MuD;rm;us,fajymvSwJh
ajryHkpau;aMumifh
AsL[mtrsKd;rsKd; prf;oyf
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units rsKd;uGJ rsm;pGm yg0ifw,f/ aoewfawGygwhJ
jrefqefaom ppfwk&ifupm;yGJawGeJY wlygw,f/

WORLD IN CONFLICT

THE WITCHER

upm;&wmu strategy yHkpH? cHpm;&wmu action yHkpH/


Nukes AHk;ti,fpm;av;awG azmjcif;aomjcif; oHk;&jyD;
tMuD;tus,f aygufuGJysufpD;rIawGudk teD;uyf awGYMuHK
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Alternative- history

wu,f rjzpfcJhwJh
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pdwful; yHkazmfxm;
w,f/ jyif;xefpGJjidp&m
multiplayer tykdif;
yg&Sdw,f/

GEARS OF WAR
Xbox 360 &JU

taumif;qHk; *drf;rsm;xJu wpfckudk PC


ay:udk aqmif,lvmcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/ Story mode
twGif; pdwfauseyfzG,f
gameplay yg&Sdw,f/
tvGef pGJvrf;apwwf
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*&yfzpfu
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w,f/

pdwful;qef;Mu,f fantasy aemufcH RPG


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PS3: ASSASSIN'S CREED

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a&SUa[mif;jrdKUawGrSm vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vmjyD; ay;xm;wJh
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acsmarGUwJh control
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PS3 *drf;jzpfaevdkY
rupm;&rSm awG;rylygeJY/
aemufESpfxJrSm PC
version xGufrSmyg/

Zefe0g&?D 2008 123

WII: SUPER MARIO GALAXY


Nintendo &JU family NES *drf;pufav;ay:u

tausmfMum;qHk;
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rIdpm;yef;pm; rm&D,dk[m
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ta&miftaoG;
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124

uGefysLwm*sme,f

PS2: GOD OF WAR 2

a&S;a[mif;
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yg0ifwJh fantasy
action adventure

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crf;em;rIawGtMum;
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FROM THE PUBLISHER

pmzwfolodkY
2008 ckESpfZefe0g&DvxkwftwGuf uGefysLwm*sme,fwGif azmfjyrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
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wpfavQmufvkH; pGJpGJjrJjrJ vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeaom OD;atmifausmfrdk; (Client Focus)? tdkifwD
qdkif&m rD'D,mvkyfief; vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeaom tkyfcsKyfrIt,f'Dwm OD;rdk;oJ (PC World
Myanmar) wkdYESifh awGYqkHaqG;aEG;jyD; if;wdkY\tjrifrsm;ukd azmfjyxm;ygonf/
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Zefe0g&?D 2008 135

(4)
tifwmeuf oHk;ae&if;eJY tdkif,m
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136

uGefysLwm*sme,f

yef;wdkifudkawmh ]tyGef;}rcHygeJY/ jzpfcsif


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138

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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udkyJ aqmfMovmw,f/ t*Fvdyfpm
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kyf&SifxJrSmyJ jrifzl;w,f/ jyD;awmh
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ud&d,mwpfydkif;? ouf&Sdwpfydkif;vdkY
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jrifcGihfromwJh t&yfrSm tawmf tae
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a&muf&Sdvmw,f/ oli,fcsif;awGu
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w,f/ tHhMopdwft[kef MuD;rm;pGm vTrf;
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dS ,f/ q&m
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ac:vdYk uGeyf sLwm*sme,fwu


kd u
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w,f/ tifwmeuf toHk;jyKEdkifa&;udk
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h Qrf;ae

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aMumifh uGeyf sLwmudk xdMunf?h wdYk Munfh
rdw,f/ olu odyfoabmaumif;yg
w,f/ bmrQ tE&m,frjyKygbl;/
tckawmh uGefysLwm? tifwmeuf?
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toHk;csvdkwJh qE&JU wyfrufjcif;yJ/ 'g
awGudk txufwef;vTmawG&JU ZdrfcH
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r,f/

cifarmifaZmf

Zefe0g&?D 2008 139

||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

tkdifwDacwfESifhtlaMumifusm;
uRefawmf

bmawG pOf;pm;aeovJvYkd
ar;vm&if
a[h pum;rrsm;eJ/Y
ig uGeyf sLwmtaMumif;
pOf;pm;aewm?
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f ,fvYkd
jyefajz&rvdktqifrh sK;d xd
pdwfygcJhw,f/

140

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tif; -- enf;ynmawGuvnf;
'DaeYwpfrsKd; reufwpfrsKd;eJY bm ajymif;
vJ wd;k wufaeovJ rar;eJY/ 'Dtajymif;
tvJawGaemuf waumufaumufvu
dk f
jyD; odatmifMudK;pm;&wmuvnf; yif
yef;awmfrlvScsnfvm;uG,fvdkY nnf;
<um;av; <um;vkduf&rvdk jzpfaejyD/
OD;aESmufawG csmvywf,rf;jyD; 0ufl;
jyefcsifovdkawmif jzpfrdyg&JUAsm/
txl;ojzifhawmh uGefysLwmawG
ay:aygufvmjcif;[m olYbmom e*dku
rS Iyfae&wJh OD;aESmufxJudk aemufxyf
tIyaf wG xyfwifay;vku
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uRefawmfqdkwJh olaumif;om;
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vl jzpfaew,f/
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ay;oGif;wmwdkYudk puLay:rSm olYae&m

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eJYol taygufuav;awG azmufay;&wJh


azmuf u wf j ym; (punched cards)
awGeJY ay;oGif;&w,fqdkwmvnf; {0H
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rpwifrD tcsdefumv ueOD; tapmykdif;ESpfrsm;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;aom


documents rsm;Mum;wGif link rsm; csdwfqufoG,fEkdifaom method wpfck
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1991 'DZifbm
Tim Berner Lee onf 'Cern' "mwfcGJcef; ykdif&Sifjzpfaom odyHynm&Sif Paul
Kunz ESifh awGUqHkjyD; tem*wf vkyi
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pnf;Hk;chJonf/ odyHynm&Sif Paul Kunz onf Tim Berners Lee udk
tjynfht0 ,HkMunfchJjyD; ol\ Geneva tajcpdkuf 'Cern Labs' rSwpfqifh
Web server udk pwifjyKvkyf&ef oabmwlchJonf/ xkd Cern Labs onfyif
urmhyxrqHk; Web server jzpfvmchJjyD; Web pmrsufESmrsm;udk pkaqmif;

jcif;ESifh tjcm; uGefysLwmrsm;okdY jyefvnfjzefYa0jcif;wkdYudk pwifjyKvkyf


chJonf/ aemiftcgwGif 'The Slac server' [k vlodrsm;chJonf/

1992
pmrsufESmrsm;udk vufcHjcif;?
jyefvnfjzefYa0jcif;wkdYudk
jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufaom
server aygif; 26 cktxd
wkd;yGm;vmchJonf/
Web

1993 {jyD
urmhyxrqHk; tifwmeufMunhf
aqmhzf0Judk xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdchJonf/
xkdaqmhzf0Judk 'web browser' [k
trSwfonm jyKchJjyD; 'Mosaic'
trnf&Sdonf/ Mosaic udk
tar&duef tajcpkduf 'National
center' rS wDxGif jzefYcsdchJjcif;
jzpfjyD; yxrOD;qHk;tMudrf
urmol? urmom;wkdYonf
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tifwmeufudk pwifMunhfIcGifh
&&SdchJonf/

146

uGefysLwm*sme,f

1993 {jyD
Tim Berners Lee ESihf

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaeaom 'Cern'
onf World Wide Web udk
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wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif Tim Berners
Lee onf Program code ESifh
uGef&uf enf;ynmrsm;udk tcrhJ
jzefYa0chJonf/ xkdenf;ynm
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1993 ar
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aumvdyfonf online ay:wGif
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1993 ZGef
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toHk;jyK&ef 'HTML' bmompum;ukd
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owfrSwfchJonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

1993 Edk0ifbm
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dkuful;chJaom yxrqHk; webcam udk pwif aMumfjim
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camera tm; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rsufjrifawGUapEkdif&ef
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1994 azazmf0g&D

1994 {jyD

pwef;zkdY'f aumvdyfausmif;om; ESpfa,mufjzpfaom 'David Filo' ESifh 'Jerry


Yang' wkdYonf uGef&uftwGuf Jerry \ vrf;nTefqkdaom Web site wpfckudk
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qkdaom trnfudk aemufykdif;wGif 'Yahoo' [l ajymif;vJchJjyD; "!" ukd
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BBC owif;Xmeonf

uGef&ufay:rSwpfqifh wDADG
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1994 atmufwkdbmv

1995 azazmf0g&D

tar&dueforw uvifwefonf
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Netscape udk

1995 Zlvdkif

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'Jetf Bezos' onf

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Zefe0g&?D 2008 147

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
1995 Mo*kwf
uGef&ufay:wGif 0ufbfqkdufaygif; ]18957 }cefYxd &SdvmchJonf/
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rD sm;onf tifwmeufokdY tpkvdkuftjyHKvkduf wHcg;
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rkdufukdaqmhzfukrPD\ Windows
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aom 'Internet Explorer' udk tcrhJ
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1996 Zlvdkif
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trnf&Sd web-based email pwif
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1996 Mo*kwf
1995 pufwifbm
ebay ukd

pwif wnfaxmifchJonf/

uGef&ufpmrsufESmrsm; oHk;odef;cGJausmf
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1997 rwf

1998 rwf

BBC onf

Amazon rS

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1997 ZGef
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1997 'DZifbm
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pwif oHk;pGJchJonf/ (aemufykdif;wGif xkdpum;vHk;rSwpfqifh 'blog' [l
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148

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rwnfaiG oef; 60
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1998 atmufwdkbm
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Brin wkdY\ Project i,fuav;wpfckonf pwef;zkdY'faumvdyf
wpf0kdufwGif pwifxif&Sm;vmchJonf/ 1997 ckESpf ESpftv,fykdif;
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'Google.stanford.edu' jzpfchJonf/ (rlv google \ trnfonf
'googol' qkad om pum;udk pmvHk;aygif; rSm;chJjcif;jzpfjyD;
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1999 rwf
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1999 rwf
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1999 Mo*kwf
vlrIuGef&uf pmrsufESm wpfckjzpfaom Myspace udk
'Tom Anderson' pwif wnfaxmifchJonf/ rlvwGif
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ul;ajymif;vmchJonf/ wnfaxmifol Tom Anderson
onf ykd*&rfrmaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmxJrS
ti,fpm;tqifh ynm&Sifav;om jzpfaomfvnf;
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("mwfyHk? *Dw? AD'D,kd? chat rsm;pGmaom
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ckESpfwGif rD'D,molaX;MuD;
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1999 Edk0ifbm
zuf&Sif t0wftxnfrsm;udk 0efaqmifrIay;aom
'boo.com' ay:xGufvmchJonf/ 3D graphic ESifh

jrifhrm;aom yHkxGuft&nftaoG;rsm;udk oHk;pGJxm;onhf


'boo' onf uGef&uftjrefEIef;
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Zefe0g&?D 2008 149

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
2000 Zefe0g&D

2000 Mo*kwf

AOL onf Time Warner udk

uGe&f ufpmrsuEf mS aygif; oef; 20 txd


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0,f,lchJjyD; uGef&ufwGif
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2000 azazmf0g&D
&S,f,maps;uGuf rcdkifrmrIaMumifh
a'ghuGrf;ylazmif;
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Yahoo, CNN, Amazon tygt0if


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hacker rsm;\ aESmifh,SufrIudkcH&jyD;
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2001 Zefe0g&D
[laom enf;ynmwpfrsKd; ay:aygufvmchJonf/
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Podcasting

uGef&ufay:wGif tcrhJ zwfI jyefvnf wnf;jzwfEkdifaom


urmhpG,fpHkusrf; 'wikipedia' udk wnfaxmifol *sifrDa0;vfrS
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2001 pufwifbm
Google onf ol\ search engine xJwGif page rank
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2001 Edk0ifbm
Paypal \ account udk toHk;jyK ykyf&[ef;rif;MuD;
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2002 'DZifbm
FBI \

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2003 {jyD
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pwifchJjyD; uGef&ufrS oDcsif;zkdifrsm;udk download

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2003 ar
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pwifwnfaxmifchJonf/ xkdtzGJUwGif urmay:&Sd xdyfwef; uGef&ufvHkjcHKa&;
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150

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
2004 Zefe0g&D
Amazon onf

uGef&ufpD;yGm;a&;ay:wGif &&SdchJaom aiGaMu;


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2004 azazmf0g&D
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tppfESifhtwkrsm; a&maxG;vsuf pwifausmfMum;vmchJjyD; tifwmeuf
toHk;jyKol 60 &mcdkifEIef;\ pdwf0ifwpm; &SmazGMuaom yHk&dyfrsm;
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2004 Zlvdkif
Tim berners Lee onf

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jynhf0aom jrif;pD;
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2004 Mo*kwf

2004 Edk0ifbm

2005 azazmf0g&D

Google onfyxrqHk;

Mozilla tkyp
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AD'D,kd? kyf&Sifzkdifrsm;udk
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xkwfa0 jzefYcsdchJonf/

'Youtube' website

tMudrftjzpf wpfpkvQif 85
a':vm&Sdaom &S,f,m
rsm;udk xkwfa&mif;chJonf/
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ol\ &S,f,mwpfpkvQif
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ay:aygufvmchJonf/

2005 atmufwdkbm
aygif; 25
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Website

2006 azazmf0g&D
Microsoft onf stream live TV u@udk vlxkqDokdY
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google rS pwif jzefYcsdchJonf/

2006 Zefe0g&D
Spam ESihf tjcm; tzsut
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blogger orm;rsm;rSwpfqifh pwifysHUESHYchJaom google
web mail onf Gmail [k xif&Sm;vmum vltrsm;qHk;

2006 {jyD
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Zefe0g&?D 2008 151

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
2006 atmufwdkbm
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2006 'DZifbm
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2007 {jyD

2007 Zefe0g&D
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emrnfMuD;pjyKvmaom facebook ukd


a':vm oef; 500 jzifh 0,f,l&ef urf;vSrf;chJaomfvnf; ykdif&Sifu
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vSyaom tjyiftqif'DZkdif;rsm; yg0ifonf Windows Vista
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Gmail for every one &nf&G,fcsufjzifh


Gmail onf invite tuefYtowfudk

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2007 Edk0ifbm 10
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2007 Edk0ifbm 15
nxocol.cern.ch/hypertext/www/
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pwifchJaom internet onf 16 ESpfjynhf

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152

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uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

tydik f;-4

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rSm taskmgr vdkY dkufxnfhyg/

"Task manager has been disabled by your administrator" vdkY awGU&&if Task Manager udk virus u ydwf
oGm;jyDvdkY ,lqEdkifw,f/ Task Manager udk Registry uae

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer rSm No
Folder Options qdw
k hJ Key udak wGU&ifzsuyf g/ (Right Click
> Delete)

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System eJY
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System rSm "Disable TaskMgr" qdkwJh Key udk awGU&ifvnf; zsufyg/
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Run eJY
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\ Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Run u Key

awGtm;vHk;udkvnf; zsufyg/ tJ'gawGu uGefysLwm zGihfzGihf


csif;rSm wufvmr,fh Program pm&if;awGyg/ Virus u tJ'Dh
ae&muae pwif run wmyg/ tm;vHk;jyD;&ifawmh uGefysLwm
udk restart csyg/ Folder Options eJY Task Manager jyef&r&
ppfyg/ jyefr&bl;qdk&if Registry udk jyefzGihfjyD;
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft
\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer udk jyef
oGm;yg/ 'NoFolderOptions' jyefa&mufaew,fqdk&if Virus
raoao;ygbl;/ Virus udk t&ifowfyg/
tu,f Registry yGihfjyD; uGefysLwm Restart usoGm;
&ifawmh cifAsm;pufxJrSm Virus &Sdaeao;w,f/ jyD;awmh run
vnf; run aeao;w,f/ Virus uif;atmif t&if vkyfoihf
w,f/ (uRefawmfajymcJhovdkaygh Kaspersky udk oHk;olu

odyfaumif;wm/)

jyefzGihf&vdrhfr,f/
Start>Run rSm regedit vdkY dkufxnfhyg/ Registry yGihf
w,fqdk&if Task Manager eJY Folder Options udk vufeJY
Manual jyefzGihfvdkY&w,f/ Registry udk zGihfjyD;
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\ Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer eJY

Zefe0g&D? 2008 169

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
'grSr[kwf "Registry editing has been disabled
by your administrator" vdkY awGU&&if Registry udkvnf;
Virus u ydwo
f mG ;jyefygjyD/ cifAsm;vufeYJ jyifvYkd r&awmhb;l /
Tool wpfckck oHk;&awmhr,f/ MudKufESpfouf&mudk oHk;Edkifyg
w,f/ (Oyrm? CoverXP )
uRefawmfu cifAsm;twGuf Program av; wpfck
a&;xm;w,f/ iRepair Man vdkY ac:w,f/ olu Folder
Options, Task Manager eJY Registry Editor udk jyefzGihfay;
Edkifw,f/ http://www.isoft.ygn.cc rSm tcrJh Download
cs,lEdkifygw,f/ cifAsm;u Programmer wpfa,mufjzpfvdkY
b,fvakd &;xm;ovJ odcsif&ifawmh zippy@technomation
.org udk email ydkYjyD; source code udk awmif;,lEdkifygw,f/
Program udk pD;yGm;jzpf a&mif;csjcif;? source code udk
jyifqifjcif; ponfwdkYudk vkyfaqmifcGifhr&Sdyg/ CD wefzdk;ESifh
0efaqmifrt
I wGuo
f m,ljyD; vGwv
f yfpmG jzefYcsjd cif;udk cGijfh yKyg
w,f/
aemufxw
k rf ,fh version awGrmS virus &Srd &Sd axmufvrS ;f
ay;wmwdkY? tjcm;ysufpD;aewJh settings awGudk jyifay;wmwdkY
pwJh feature awGudk xnfhoGif;ay;Edkifatmif MudK;pm;aeyg
w,f/ rdrdMuHKawGUae&wJh jyemawGudk email ydkYay;jcif;jzifh
feature topfawG xnfhoGif;Edkifatmif tultnDay;Edkifyg
w,f/ 'Daqmif;yg;udkvnf; http://www.isoft.ygn.cc rSm
Download &,lEi
kd yf gw,f/ tjrJwrf; Update vkyEf ikd af tmif
eJY Virus eJY ywfoufvdkY tjynfhpHkqHk; aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fjzpf
atmif MudK;pm;aeygw,f/

Folder awGukd Double Click ESyd v


f u
kd w
f ikd f; My Documents
Folder ay:aejcif;? bmrQ wufrvmjcif;

rESdyfygeJY? cifAsm;ESdyfjyD;jyDqdk&ifvnf; xyfrESdyfvdkufygeJY/


tJ'g cifAsm;&JU folder r[kwfbl;/ cifAsm;&JU folder ta&mif
aqmifxm;wJh virus file wpfckyJ/ r,Hk&if tJ'D file udk Right
Click ESdyfjyD; Type rSm MunfhMunfhyg/

File Folder vdkY ay:r,fhtpm; Application vdkY ay:ae


w,f/ cifAsm; Double Click ESyd v
f u
kd jf yDqw
kd meJY cifAsm;pufxJ
Virus u wef;0ifoGm;awmhwmyJ/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh Virus
udu
k af ewJh pufrmS oGm;wyfrw
d hJ Memory Stick awGrmS awGU&
avh &Sdw,f/ Virus u b,fvdk vkyfoGm;ovJqdkwm&,f?

b,fvdk jyif&r,fqdkwm&,fudk Munfh&atmif/

yHrk mS rSed af ewJh Folder av;cku cifAsm; Folder tppfawG


ygyJ/ xif;aewJh Folder av;ckuawmh Virus u zefwD;
xm;wJh Folder ta,mifaqmif File av;zdkifygyJ/ File udk
Select vkyfvdkufwJhtcg Detail rSm Application vdkY ay:ae
wmudk owdxm;rdrmS yg/ rSed af ewmav;awGukd jrif&w,fq&kd if
awmh cifAsm;vkyf&rSmu 'D folder awG yg0ifwJh Drive
wpfckvHk;udk Virus Scan ppfyg/ xif;aewJh ta,mifaqmif
Virus tm;vHk;udk Antivirus Software u zsufoGm;yg
vdhrfr,f/ rSdefaewJh Folder awGudk Select vkyfjyD; File >

170

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Properties udk a&G;yg/ Hidden rSm Click jzKwfyg/ Apply
> OK udk ESdyfyg/ jyefjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/
wu,fvdkY cifAsm;qDrSm rjrif&awmhbl;qdk&if Tools >
Folder Options > View > Do not show hidden files
and folders udk a&G;xm;rdvdkY rjrif&wmyg/

All or part of the file name: rSm * .* vdkY dkufxnfhjyD;


Search udk ESdyfyg/

tJ'gudk Show hidden files and folders udk ajymif;a&G;


&if Hide jzpfaewmawG jyefjrif&vmrSmyg/ 'gayr,fh Folder
Options aysmufae&if cifAsm; b,fvdkazmfrvJ/ wpfcgwpf&H
Show hidden files and folders udk a&G;wmawmif Tools
> Folder Options > View > Do not show hidden files
and folders udk jyefa&G;Munfh&if Do not show yJ jyefjzpfae
wwfw,f/ (tJ'gu Rootkit awGaMumifhjzpfwJh jyemyg/
Windows udk Repair vkyfrS jyefaumif;vmrSmyg/ ydkvG,ful
r,fhenf;vrf;udk uRefawmf &SmazGaeygw,f/ Windows udk
Repair vkyfwmeJY Rootkit awGtaMumif;udk xyfrH &Sif;jyygh

r,f/) tJ'gudk azmfp&m enf;vrf; rawGUao;ygbl;/


jzwfvrf;wpfckawmh &Sdygw,f/ Keyboard ay:u F3
udk ESdyfyg/ Search Box wufvm&if All Files and folders
udk a&G;yg/ More advanced Options u Search hidden
files and folders udk trSefjcpf vkyfay;yg/

rSed af ewJh Folder awGukd select vkyjf yD; File>Properties


udk a&G;? Hidden rSm trSefjcpfjzKwfjyD; Apply>OK udk
a&G;vdkuf&if &jyDaygh/ aemufqdk&if olrsm;pufrSm oGm;wyf
vmwJh Memory Stick udk udk,fhpufrSmwyfjyD;&if Double
Click rESdyfvdkufygeJYOD;/ Virus ygvm&if csufcsif; ul;Edkifyg
w,f/ Antivirus Software eJY Scan t&ifppfMunfhyg/
Antivirus Software r&Sdbl;qdk&if Drive udk Right click
ESdyfMunfhyg/ Open u xdyfqHk;rSm&Sdae&r,fhtpm; Autoplay
u xdyq
f ;kH a&mufae&if Memory Stick xJrmS Virus 0ifaeyg
jyD/ Antivirus Software wpfckckwifjyD; Scan vkyfudk vkyf&
ygawmhr,f/
xdefvif;xl;

Zefe0g&D? 2008 171

Photoshop

jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
rsuf0ef;awG&JU pdwf0ifpm;zG,f zrf;pm;rIrsKd;udk Blade
Runner kyf&SifxJrSm txift&Sm; awGUjrifzl;cJhMuygjyD/ ,ck
rsuf0ef;rSm yHk&dyfxif[yfaewJh effect jyKvkyfMunfhMur,f/

awmf 0ifqHhatmif t&G,fjyifyg/ yHk&dyf&JU rvdkcsifwJhtydkif;awG


rsufv;kH ay: ausmfveG zf ;kH tkyaf evnf; cktqihrf mS udp r&Sad o;
bl;/ pdwfauseyf&if enter acgufyg/

tqihf 1
yxrqHk; toHk;jyKr,fh rsuf0ef;eJY a&mifjyef[yfr,fh yHk&dyf
ESpfckpvHk; photoshop rSm zGihfyg/ Layer wpfckpDrSm wyf
xm;yg/ kyfyHkESpfckpvHk; resolution jrif&if ydkaumif;r,f/
Move tool udk oHk;jyD; yHk&dyfudk rsuf0ef;ay: ae&mcsyg/

tqihf 3
udk a&G;yg/ pkwfwHtaysmh (soft brush)
MuD;MuD;a&G;jyD; rvdkcsifwJhtydkif;awG zsufypfyg/ rsuf0ef;eJY
oli,ftdrfrSm enf;enf;pGef;ausmfaevnf; 'DtqihfrSm udpr &Sd
ao;bl;/
Eraser Tool

tqihf 2
Free Transform Tool udk ac:,l&ef Edit > Free Transform odkY oGm;yg/ odkYr[kwf Ctrl + T udk ESdyfyg/ Layer &JU
opacity udk enf;enf;csxm;jcif;tm;jzifh atmufcH oli,ftr
d f
taetxm;udk jrif&r,f/ ,ck Free Transform Tool udk

oH;k jyD; yH&k yd &f UJ vdck sifwt


hJ ydik ;f tm; rsufpo
d il ,ftrd x
f J tavm

172

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

tqihf 4
a&mifjyef[yfy&kH yd &f UJ Layer udk a&G;xm;wm aocsmapjyD;
aemuf Filter > Distort > Spherize odkY oGm;yg/ rsuf0ef;
iris u vHk;0MuD; rvHk;0ef;wm owdjyKyg/ oihftaeeJY setting wefz;kd udk tqifajyatmifupm;Munhz
f Ykdvrkd ,f/ (uReaf wmf
uawmh 84 &mcdkifEIef; oHk;xm;w,f/)

tqihf 7
a&mifjyef[yf Layer &JU blending mode udk hard light
odkY ajymif;? opacity udk upm;yg/

tqihf 8
'DtajccHz&dru
f aejyD; reflection layer &JU yH&k yd rf mS ud,
k yhf kH
taetxm;tvdkuf tjcm; photoshop enf;vrf;awG oHk;jyD;
trsKd;rsKd; prf;oyf vkyfaqmifMunfhaygh/

tqihf 5
yHku enf;enf;ydkMuD;vmw,fqdk&if Move Tool oHk;jyD;
ae&ma&TU/ Ctrl + T eJY t&G,fjyifpOf tcsKd;tpm;nDatmif
Shift udk ESdyfjyD; csKHUyg/
tqihf 6
D udk ESdyfjyD; background, foreground color udk default tjzLeJY trnf;jzpfatmif vkyfyg/ Layer Mask Button udk uvpfESdyfyg/ ck soft brush eJY rvdkcsifwJh tydkif;awG?
pGe;f xGuaf ewJt
h ydik ;f awG vdu
k zf sufyg/ rSm;oGm;jyD; jyefazmfcsif
&if X udk ESdyf? tjzLa&mifeJY jyefjc,fyg/

Zefe0g&D? 2008 173

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Effect 8: Edge Effect


,ckv oifcef;pmwGif video file rsm;twGuf video effect
xnhfoGif;toHk;jyKenf;rsm;udk qufvuf wifjyoGm;rSm
jzpfygw,f/
1/ Adobe premiere pro xJokdY0ifjyD; project topfwpfck
,lxm;ay;yg/ xkdYaemuf rdrdtoHk;jyKvkdaom video file
2 ckudk file > Import jzifh Project panel xJoYdk ac:xnhf
xm;ay;yg/
2/ yxr video file udk video 2 xJokdY qGJxnhfay;yg/
video file udk size jyifzkdYtwGuf Effect controls xJrS
motion ab;&Sd triangle wGif click ESdyfyg/

4/ Uniform Scale wGif trSefjcpfxm;ay;xm;yg/ Scale


wefz;dk udk 60 ku
d x
f nhaf y;yg/ video file &JU size ajymif;vJ
oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ qufvufjyD; video file &JU aemufrSm
background wpfck xyfxnhfr,fhyHkpHukd qufvuf
jyKvkyfygr,f/
5/ File > New > Color Matte wGif click ESdyfyg/ Color
Picker dialog box usvmygu oifhawmfaom ta&mif
wpfckckudk a&G;ay;jyD; OK wGif click ESdyfyg/ box wpfck
xyfusvmygu OK wGif click xyfESdyfay;yg/

3/ Motion tab xJrS scale ab;&Sd triangle wGif click


ESdyf slider bm;rS wpfqifh wefzkd;rsm;udk vkdovkd toHk;
jyKEkdifygw,f/ width ESifh Hight wefzkd;rsm;udk wpfjydKif
wnf; rajymif;vkdygu Uniform Scale a&SU&Sd check
box wGif trSejf cpf jzKwfxm;jyD; wpfcp
k D jyifqifowfrw
S f
Ekdifygw,f/

174

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
9/ video Effect aemufwpfck xyfMunhfygr,f/ Video Effects > Perspective > Drop shadow effect udk
Timeline xJrS video file ay:okdY qGJxnhfay;yg/

6/ Project Panel xJrS topf,lxm;aom color matte udk


Timeline xJ&dS video 1 track xJoYdk qGx
J nhaf y;yg/ rlv
video file &JU atmufrSm &Sd&ygr,f/ t&G,f rwlygu
color matte &JU file &JU nmbuftpGe;f rSm Mouse pointer
wifum nmbufokdYzdqGJjyD; csJUay;Edkifygonf/ (A)
7/ Video file wGif&Sdaom rvkdtyfwhJtykdif;udk zsufxkwf
Munfyh gr,f/ Project panel xJrS Effects tab wGif click
ESdyfyg/ video effects > transform > Crop Effect ukd
a&G;jyD; Timeline &Sd video file ay:okdY qGJxnhfyg/ (B)
(A)

10/ Effect controls panel xJrS Drop shadow effect udk


zGichf sxm;ay;yg/ Distance wefz;dk ESihf softness wefz;dk ukd
50 pD kdufxnhfay;yg/ wjcm;wefzkd;rsm;udkvnf; vkdtyf
ygu prf;oyf toHk;jyKEkdifygw,f/

(B)

8/ Effect controls panel xJwGif crop effect a&muf&Sd


oGm;jyD; left, Top, Right, Bottom wefzkd;rsm;udkjyifum
video file &JU rvkdtyfaom tykdif;rsm;udk zsufxkwf
Ekdifygw,f/

11/ Project panel xJrS 'kwd, video file udk video 2


track &JU ab;okdY qGJxnfhxm;ay;yg/ jyD;vQif video 1
track rS color Matte udk 'kwd, video file eJY wpfnD
wnf;jzpfatmif qGJcsJUxm;ay;yg/

Zefe0g&?D 2008 175

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
12/ 'kwd, video file udk yxr video file twkdif; scale
wefzkd;udk 60 owfrSwfxm;ay;yg/

13/ Project panel rS Effects tab wGif click ESdyfyg/ video


Effects > Transform > Edge Feather Effect udak &G;
Timeline rS 'kwd, video file ay:odkY xnhfxm;ay;yg/

14/ Effect Controls rS Edge Feather Effect wGif Amount


wefzkd;udk 50 kdufxnhfay;yg/ 'Dhaemuf ajymif;vJrIudk
play Button ESdyfjyD; Munfhay;yg/ jyD;vQif video file &JU
ywfywfvnfrmS boder yHpk rH sKd;udk qufvuf jyKvkyMf unhf
ygr,f/

15/ Project panel xJrS yxr video file udk Timeline


xJoYdk xyfrH qGx
J nhx
f m;ay;yg/ 'Dah emuf scale wefz;dk udk
60 kdufxnhfay;yg/

16/ Video Effects > Transform > Clip Effect udk wwd,
video file ay:okdY qGJxnhfay;yg/ jyD;vQif Clip Left,
Right, Top, Botton wefz;dk rsm;udk 5 [k ku
d x
f nhaf y;yg/
Fill color button wGif click ESy
d jf yD; tjzLa&mif (FFFFFF)
xm;ay;yg/ ywfywfvnf Boder yHpk u
H dk jrifawGU&ygr,f/

17/ yxr video file wGif xnhfxm;aom dropshadow


effect udk copy ul; toH;k jyKMunhr
f ,f/ Timeline xJrS
yxr video file wGif click ESdyfyg/ Effect controls rS
Drop shadow pmom;ay:wGif Right Click > Copy
udk a&G;yg/ wwd, video file ay:wGif click ESdyfyg/
Effect Controls rS vGwfaomae&mwGif Right > paste
udk a&G;yg/ drop shadow effect &&Sdvmygvdrhfr,f/

video file tm;vHk;udk preview Munhf toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/

rsK;d rif;xGe;f

176

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA

0if;'dk;Apfpfwm ed'gef;
tydkif; (2) tcef; (6)
Briefly Lost, but Quickly Found
0if;'dk;ApfwmwGif information rsm; hide-and-seek
tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ay;vmcJhygonf/ rnfodkY&SmazGrIawG jyKvkyf
rnfenf; odkYwnf;r[kwf rnfokdYaomenf;jzifh pdwf taESmifh
t,Suf jzpfp&mrsm;udk tumtuG,f jyKxm;ay;rnfenf;
pojzifh vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm; yg&Sdygonf/ txl;ojzifh
tcef;u@wGif desktop ay:rS kwfw&ufaysmufqHk;oGm;
aom files rsm;? "mwfyHkrsm;? tD;ar;vfrsm;? oDcsif;rsm;ESifh
rSwfwrf; rSwf&mrsm;udk jyefvnf&SmazG,lEkdifrnfh tajctae
rsm;udk wifjyoGm;rnf jzpfonf/

xm;jyD; Tab udk xyfESdyfvkduf MunfhIEkdifonf/ Figure 6-1


wGif jrifawGY&onft
h wkid ;f 0if;'d;k Apfpw
f mrS rsufvn
S q
hf &mu
zJrsm;udk wpfcsyfcsif; jrif&atmif jyouJhodkY avxJwGif csdwf
qGx
J m;onfh 0if;'d;k av;rsm;udk jrifawGY&ygvdrrhf nf/ rdrv
d ckd sif
aom 0if;'dk;udk&Sm&mwGif Windows keys udk zdxm;&if; Tab
udk ESdyfvnf;aumif;? armufpf\ scroll wheel udk vSnfh
vnf; rawGYrcsif; &SmazG,lEkdifygonf/

Finding Lost Windows

0if;'d;k Apfpw
f monf wu,fh desktop toGit
f jyifxuf
spike memo holder rsm;uJhodkY eH&Hcsdwf rSwfwrf;pmyHkpHjyK
obm0jzifh vkyfukdif aqmif&Gufay;ygonf/ 0if;'dk;topf
wpfckudk zGifh,lonfhtcgwkdif; eH&HrSm wef;pDcsdwfay;ae
ygvdrfhrnf/ odkYtwGuf 0if;'dk;acgif;pD;av;rsm;udk Munfh&if;
tvG,fwul &SmazGaumuf,lEkdifygonf/ 0if;'dk;av;rsm;\
edge odkYr[kwf corner rsm;udk click vkyfvkdufvQif tjynfh
rsufESmjyiftwkdif; ay:vmrnf jzpfonf/
tqdkyg 0if;'dk;av;rsm;udk jrKyfESHxm;cJhygu desktop
\ taskbar ay:wGif &SmazGMunfhEkdifonf/ tasktop onf
armfeDwmjrifuGif; atmufajcwGif &Sdaeygvdrfhrnf/ (tu,f
tqdkyg taskbar udk rawGY&ygu Windows key ukdESdyf
retricve jyefvkyfEkdifygonf/) &SmazGvdkaom 0if;'dk;av;\
trnf odkYr[kwf icon udk taskbar ay:wGif&Smum click
vkyfvkdufHkjzifh jyefay:vmapygonf/
qufvuf aysmufqHk;aeao;ygu vista \ tvGef
opfvGifaom Flip 3D udk ac:um Windows key tm; ESdyf

tm; zdxm;jyD; Tab udk xyfcgwvJvJ


ESdyfjcif;jzifh 0if;'dk;av;rsm;udk &SmazG,l&onf/ Windows key
udk vTwfvkdufonfESifh rdrdtvdk&Sdaom 0if;'dk;av; desktop
ay: a&mufvm&onf/

Fig 6-1 Windows key

tu,f rdrt
d aejzifh yDpt
D a[mif;udk oH;k ae&wm Vista
\ 3D View udk roHk;EkdifcJhvQif Alt cvkwfudkESdyf&if; Tab
jzifh rawGYrcsif; &Sm,l&rnfhoabm&Sdonf/ xdktcsdefwGif jrif
awGYae&onfhjrifuGif;rSm 2D jrifuiG ;f om jzpfygvdrrhf nf/ rdrd
tvd&k adS om 0if;'d;k av;udak wGYygu Alt udk vTwaf y;vku
d v
f Qif
vkdufcsif; desktop ay: a&mufvmrnfjzpfonf/
tu,f rdrt
d aejzifh 0if;'d;k av;rsm;udk rnfoYkd rnfykH
zGifh,l&rnfudk odaomfvnf; jyefYusJaeojzifh t&Sm&
cufaecJyh gvQif taskbar ay:rSm right-click ESyd v
f u
dk jf yD; menu

Zefe0g&?D 2008 177

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
rS show windows side By Side qdkwJh tcsufudka&G;jyD;
click vkyf,lvkdufonfESifh wpfckjyD;wpfck pDumpOfum jyo
ay;ygvdrfhrnf/
Finding Lost Files, Folders, Music,
Photos, and Mor

tifwmeuftwGi;f rSwpfqifh wpfurmvH;k &Sd yDpaD ygif;


oef;csD&adS eonft
h xJukd 0ifa&muf&mS azGrt
I wGuf rdepftawmf
Mum apmifh&onfqdkonfrSm jzpfacgifhjzpfcJ jzpf&yfjzpfonf/
okdY&mwGif rdrdyDpDxJrSm document wpfckudk vkduf&Sm&mwGifrl
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178

uGefysLwm*sme,f

u &&Sdvmonfudk odvdkygu right-click vkyfum Open


File Location udk a&G; folder udk od&c
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xdkodkY &SmazG&mwGif atmufyg tcsuftvufrsm;onf
rdrdtwGuf toHk;0ifapygvdrhfrnf/
Apfpwm\ index wGif documents rsm;? Picture rsm;?
Musics rsm;ESifh Videos folders rsm;rS zdkifrsm;tm;vHk;udk
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t&m&mudk azmfjyay;rnfjzpfaomaMumifh tifwmeuf Websites wGif vGefcJhaom &ufowywf tenf;i,fu taMumif;
t&mrsm;tjyif rdrd Recycle Bin xJoYkd pGeYf ypfxm;onfh files
rsm;udkyg xnfhoGif; azmfjyay;ygvdrhfrnf/
tu,f common word wpfckudk tajccH &SmazGcJhyg
u pmvHk;ta&twGufESihftrQ ywfouforQudk qGJxkwf
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folder wdkif;\ tay: nmbufaxmifhwGif search box udk

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rsm;rsm;onf rdrd tvkyfvkyfxm;aom document ay:wGif

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d aejzifh word count,
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aom tao;pdwfvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udkyg pOf;pm; a&G;cs,fcGihf
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Finding Lost Photos

0if;'dk;Apfpwmonf rdrd\ tD;ar;vfrsm;twGuf aemuf


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photos ESihf Dog Beach rS du
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l cGjJ cm; ajymqdEk ikd jf cif;
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vkyf,lEdkifonf/
Tags. rdrdtaejzifh yDpDESifh uifr&m qufoG,f,laom
tcg odraf rGUnufanmpGmjzifh "mwfyrkH sm;rsm;udk yDpD twGi;f odYk
ul;ydkYay;onf/ ul;,laepOftwGif; ApfpwmrS rdrdtm; "Tag
these pictures" [lvnf; owday; vkyfaqmifay;ygonf/
uGefysLwm toHk;tEIef;jzifh tag wpfckudk dkufoGif;zdkY tcGihf
tvrf;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkodkY ay;tyfvdkufonfh pum;vHk;
odkYr[kwf pmydk'fpktwdkif; tTef;jyKpkay;onf/
Store Shooting Sessions in separate folders.
Apfpwm\ photo importing ydk*&rfrS tvdktavsmufyif
folder topfwpfcu
k kd tags rsm; xnfo
h iG ;f jyD;onfEiS hf tTe;f
ESifhtnD tcef;vdkuf wnfaqmuf zefwD;ay;onf/ odkY&mwGif
tjcm; ydk*&rfudk toHk;jyKcJhvQifrl oD;jcm;yHkpHjzihf tcef;vdkuf
jzpfap&ef? folder topfrsm; ud,
k w
f ikd zf efw;D ay;&ef ta&;MuD;

Zefe0g&?D 2008 179

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
onf/ tcef;vdkuf jzpfap&ef tvdkYiSm twdkazmfTef;csufrsm;
jzpfonfh Sushi Dinner, Parboiling Potatoes, odkYr[kwf
Truffle Hunt uJhodkYaom folders trnfrsm; ay;,l&onf/
'pf*spfw,f"mwfyHkaygif;rsm;pGmjzifh oA&eHaygif;
a&ma&maESmaESmjzifh folder trsm; cRwfacsmf vJGrSm;oGm;rI
&Scd yhJ gu tjrefq;kH a&G;xkw,
f &l ef enf;vrf;&Syd gonf/ Folder
\ xdyfydkif; menu rS View udk photo morph rsm;udk wpfyHkpH
wnf; azmfjyay;onfh Thumbnails yHak v; azmfjyay;onftxd
xyfcgwvJvJ click vkyf,l&onf/ xdkYaemuf folder \
vGwfaeaom tydkif;wpfae&mwGif right-click vkyfum Sort
By udk a&G;ay;&onf/ wpfzef Date Modified odkYr[kwf
Date Taken wpfcc
k u
k kd xyfa&G;ay;&onf/ xdo
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k f zGUJ pnf;rItwdik ;f aumufa&G;oGm;ay;onf/
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wGif DSCM 1045, DSCM 1046 ponfuo
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rsm;ESihf qdyk gu od&edS m;vnf&ef cufcaJ ewwfonf/ odYktwGuf
Belize tm;vyf&uf c&D;rS yHkrsm;jzpfu t"dym,fodjrif
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Finding other computers on a network

vltrsm;pktaejzifh rodvdkuf rodbmom aeYpOf network wpfcu


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D pfv;kH rS
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xdkodkYaom vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf rdrd yDpDonf tm;vHk;

180

uGefysLwm*sme,f

aom qufET,f files rsm;udk rdrd&& zrf;wG,fEdkif&ef ApfpwmrS


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menu rS Network udk a&G;,lvdkufvQif ApfpwmrS rdrdyDpDESihf
qufoG,fxm;orQ yDpDtm;vHk;udk pm&if;jyKpk jyoay;onf/
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yDpDtrnfay:wGif double click vkyfvdkufHkrQjzifh Figure 64 twdkif; azmfjyay;ygonf/

Fig 6-3 network wpfckudk jzwf rdrdyDpDrS tjcm; uGefysLwmrsm;udk


&Sm&ef Start menu udk click vkyu
f m Network udk

a&G;ay;vdkuf&onf/
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rdrd yDpDtwGif;rS information rsm;udk tcsdefwdktwGif;


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&SmazGay;&ef ajymqdkEdkifonf/ Start menu \ Search box
twGif; click vkyfum pum;vHk;rsm;udk dkufoGif;jyD; Search
box \ xdyfwGif&Sdaom Search the Internet udk ESdyfay;vdkuf
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qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/
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Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (1)
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kH kd zGiyfh g/
rl&if; rxdcu
kd af pbJ vGwv
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topfatmufrSm udk,fjyKvkyfr,fh 'DZdkif;aemufcH
background layer udk xm;yg/

tqifh (2)
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Type tool udy
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design concept

wpfck
jzpfygw,f/

Zefe0g&D? 2008 181

Photoshop Tutorial

tqifh (3)
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'grSr[kwf&ifvnf; rsufvHk;rSdwfjyD; hide vkyfxm;yg/

tion

tqifh (5)
tqifh (4)
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yg/ Layer palette rS Add Layer Mask icon udk uvpfESdyf
yg/

182

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Layer palette &JUyHjk yuGur


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ESdyfjyD; link csdwfxm;wmudk jzKwfyg/ Layer mask thumbnail udk tjzLa&mifabmifcwfjyD; active jzpfaeaMumif; jyo

vmzdkY if;tay: uvpfESdyfyg/

tqifh (6)
tck V udkESdyf Move tool udk ac:jyD; Layer mask udk
vdk&mtaetxm;a&mufatmif a&TUEdkifygjyD/

tqifh (7)
a&SUqufvkyf&r,fh tqihfawGuawmh udk,fjyKvkyfr,fh
'DZdkif;yHkpHtaetxm;eJYyJ oufqdkifygw,f/ Layer palette u
Add a Layer Style tay: uvpfESdyfjyD; Drop Shadow,
Bevel and Emboss ponfjzifh layer style trsKd;rsKd; ouf
a&muf upm;MunfhzdkYygyJ/

Zefe0g&D? 2008 183

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Visual Basic.Net

Visual Basic.Net

jzifh program a&;om;jcif; (7)

tykdif; (1) wGif VB.NET jzifh progarm a&;om;jcif;


tqifhqifh VB.NET taMumif;ESifh .NET Framework
taMumif;rsm;udk azmfjycJhygonf/ tykdif; (2) rS (6) txdwGif
erlem program rsm;ESifh &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udkom azmfjycJhyg
onf/ ,ck tykid ;f (7) wGif program a&;om;&m vkyaf qmif
&rnfhtqifhrsm;? erlem program rsm;ESifh &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk
aygif; azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/ tcsKUd ae&mrsm;wGif ,ciftykid ;f rsm;
azmfjycJhjyD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udkyg xyfrH &Sif;jyay;
xm;ygonf/
tykdif; (6) wGif Sub/Function cGJ a&;om;jcif;
taMumif; od&cdS jhJ yD jzpfygonf/ ,ck tykid ;f (7) wGif variable
scope taMumif;ESifh access right taMumif; t"du azmfjy
ygrnf/
yxrOD;pGm erlem program wpfyk'fjzifh pwifygrnf/
Notepad udk zGifh azmfjyxm;aom erlem program 7-1 udk
a&;yg/
0 1 Imports System.Console
02
0 3 Module Module42
04
Dim varA As Integer
05
06
Sub Main()
07
varA = 10
08
Call Test1()
09
Call Test2()
10
End Sub
11
12
Sub Test1()
13
Dim varB As Integer
14
varB = 20
15
16
WriteLine( varA )
17
WriteLine( varB )

184

uGefysLwm*sme,f

18
End Sub
19
20
Sub Test2()
21
WriteLine( varA )
22
WriteLine( varB ) Error
23
End Sub
2 4 End Module
Program 7-1

Program wGif Sub (3)

ck a&;xm;ygonf/ Variable
ESpfck aMunmxm;ygonf/ Sub (3) ckudk &SmMunfhyg/
Variable ESpfckudkvnf; &SmMunfhyg/ Variable aMunmxm;
onfh ae&mrsm;udk avhvmygrnf/ Line 04 wGif aMunmxm;
aom VarA rSm Module level variable jzpfjyD; Line 13 wGif
aMunmxm;aom VarB rSm Procedure level variable jzpf
ygonf/ Variable tm; aMunmxm;aomae&mudkvkduf
level cGJjcm;Ekdifjcif;jzpfygonf/ Sub/ Function wpfct
k wGi;f
aMunmxm;ygu if; variable udk procedure level [k
owfrSwf&ygrnf/ Sub/ function rsm;\ tjyifbuf?
Module twGif; aMunmxm;ygu Module level [k
owfrw
S &f ygrnf/ VarA uJo
h Ykd aom Module level variable
udk xdk Module twGif;wGif&Sdaom Sub/Function rsm;
tm;vHk;rS toHk;jyKEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ Procedure level
variable ud k r l if ; variable tm; aMunmxm;onf h
Procedure (Sub/Function) twGif;om toHk;jyKEkdifrnf
jzpfygonf/
,ckerlem program wGif Line 04 aMunmxm;aom
Module level variable varA tm; Main ( ) method twGi;f
&Sd Line 07 wGifvnf;aumif;? Test 1 ( ) method twGif;&Sd
Line 16 wGifvnf;aumif;? Test 2 ( ) method twGif;&Sd
Line 21 wGifvnf;aumif; toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ qdkvdkonf

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
rSm varA onf Module level variable jzpfaomaMumifh
Module twGif;wGif&Sdaom method tm;vHk;rS toHk;jyKEkdif
jcif;jzpfygonf/
Line 13 wGif aMunmxm;onfh Procedure level
variable jzpfonfh varB tm; Test 1 ( ) method twGif;&Sd
Line 17 wGif toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ if; varB tm; Test 2
( ) method twGif;&Sd line 22 wGif toHk;jyK&ef a&;xm;aomf
vnf; toHk;jyK r&Ekdifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf varB rSm
Test 1 ( ) method wGif aMunmcJhaomaMumifh Test 1 ( )
method twGif;om toHk;jyK &Ekdifrnfjzpfygonf/ Test
2 ( ) method ESifh tjcm;aom method rsm;wGif toHk;jyK
r&Ekdifyg/
,ck erlem program udkavhvm Module level ESifh
Procedure level variable taMumif;udk em;vnfEkdifrnfjzpf
ygonf/ Program output udkvnf; azmfjyxm;ygonf/

rdrdukd,fwkdif vufawGYvkyfaqmif&efrSm Notepad wGif


program udk a&;om;jyD;pD;ygu save vkyf&ygrnf/ Save
vkyf&mwGif (save in:) ae&m rdrdMudKufESpfouf&m Folder
wpfcx
k w
J iG f save vkyyf g/ "C :\Computer Journal" Folder
xJwGif save vkyfonf qdkMuygpdkY/ Save in: udk "C:\
computer Journal" Folder jzpfatmifa&G;yg/ File name
udk << Module Name >> .vb [kay;yg/ ,ck erlem program
wGif Module Name rSm Module 42 jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
file name udk "Module 42.vb" [k ay;&ygrnf/ Save
vkyfjcif;jyD;pD;ygvQif Compile vkyf &EkdifygjyD/ Compile
vkyf&eftwGuf yxrqHk; Command Prompt udk zGifhyg/
Command Prompt wGif cd\ Computer Journal [k du
k yf g/
xd k o d k Y d k u f j cif ; rS m save vk y f x m;cJ h o nf h Folder tm;
Command Prompt wGif zGifhvkdufjcif;[k qdkEkdifygonf/
xd k Y a emuf Compile vk y f & ef t wG u f vbc <<Module
Name>> .vb udk dkufyg/ ,ckerlem program wGif vbc

Module 42.vb [k du
k &f ygrnf/ Line 22 onf trSm; (Error)

udk avhvmod&SdEkdifatmif wrifxnfhoGif;a&;xm;jcif; jzpfyg


onf/ xdk Line 22 \ tpwGif single quote (1) xnfrh xm;
bJ compile vkyfvQif error jyrnf jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
error udk od&SdjyD;onfhtcg xdk Line 22 \ tpwGif single
quote xnfhay;vkdufyg/ Single quote xnfhay;vkdufjcif;rSm
xkd Line udk rSwfcsuf (comment) tjzpf owfrSwfvkdufjcif;
jzpfygonf/ Typing trSm;aMumifh tjcm; error rsm; awGY&Sd
yguvnf; Notepad wGif jyef jyifqifyg/ jyifjyD;ygu
save jyefvkyfyg/ jyD;vQif vbc Module 42.vb udkdkuf
compile jyefvy
k yf g/ Compile vky&f mwGif error r&Sad wmhygu
program udk run vkdY &EkdifjyD jzpfygonf/ Program udk run
&mwGif Command Program rSm << Module Name>>
udkom dkuf&ygrnf/
aemufxyf erlem program udk xyfrH avhvmygrnf/
0 1 Imports System.Console
02
0 3 Module Module43
04
Sub Main()
05
WriteLine(Main
method
Module43)
06
Call Module43A.Test()
07
Call Test()
08
End Sub
0 9 End Module
10
1 1 Module Module43A
12
Sub Test()
13
WriteLine(Test
method
Module43A)
14
End Sub
1 5 End Module
Program 7-2

in

in

Notepad wGif program tm; a&; save vkyy


f g/ Save
vky&f mwGif File name udk "Module 43.vb" [k ay;&ygrnf/
,ckerlem program wGif Module ESpcf k a&;xm;onfukd
awGY&ygrnf/ if;ESpfckwGif Module 43 twGif; Main ( )
method yg0ifjyD; Module 43 A wGif Main ( ) method
ryg0ifyg/ Save vkyfonfhtcgwGif Main ( ) method yg0if
onfh Module name ESifh save vkyf&ygrnf/
Program a&;om;yHkudk avhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/ t"du
avhvmrnfhtykdif;rSm Module wpfcktwGif;&Sdaom method
wpfckrS tjcm; Module wpfcktwGif;&Sdaom method rsm;udk

toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfygonf/
Line 06 wGif Call Module 43 A.Test ( ) [k a&;xm;
onfukd awGY&ygvdrrhf nf/ Test ( ) method udk ac:oH;k jcif;om

Zefe0g&?D 2008 185

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
jzpfygonf/ Test ( ) method rSm tjcm; Module xJwGif &Sd
aomaMumifh method name \a&SUwGif Module name udk
xnfha&; Mum;wGif dot (.) jzifh jcm;aomyHkpHjzifh a&;&yg
onf/ Line 07 rSmuJhodkY Call Test ( ) [kvnf;a&; ac:oHk;
Ekdifygonf/ odkY&mwGif Test ( ) method udk Module ESpfck
pvHk;wGif a&;xm;ygu Line 07 rSmuJhodkY Call Test ( ) [k
tvG,fa&; r&Ekdifawmhyg/ Call Module Name.Method
Name ( ) [k a&;rS &ygrnf/
Program output udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/

rdru
d ,
dk w
f idk f vufawGYvyk &f mwGif yxrerlem program
7-1 wGif azmfjycJhonfh tqifhrsm;twkdif; compile vkyfjcif;?
Run jcif;wdkYudk qufvufvkyfaqmifyg/
Module cGJ a&;om;&mwGif pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufwpfck
rSm Module wpfckrS tjcm;wpfckodkY if;Module xJrSm&Sdae
aom vas rsm; Method rsm;udkay; oHk;apjcif; odkYr[kwf
toH;k jyKcGihf (access) ay;jcif;yifjzpfygonf/ erlem program
jzifh xdktaMumif;udk avhvmMunfhygrnf/
0 1 Imports System.Console
02
0 3 Module Module44
04
Sub Main()
05
WriteLine(Main method in
Module43)
06
Call Module44A.Test1()
07
Call Module44A.Test2() Error
08
Call Module44A.Test3()
09
End Sub
1 0 End Module
11
1 2 Module Module44A
13
Sub Test1()
14
WriteLine(Default access
method in Module44A)
15
End Sub
16
17
Private Sub Test2()
18
WriteLine(Private access
method in Module44A)
19
End Sub

186

uGefysLwm*sme,f

20
21
22

Public Sub Test3()


WriteLine(Public access method
in Module44A)
23
End Sub
2 4 End Module
Program 7-3

Program 7-3 wGif Module ESpfck a&;om;xm;ygonf/


Module 44 A udk t&ifavhvmygrnf/ if; Module xJwGif
Method (3) ck yg&Sdygonf/ Method rsm; a&;om;xm;yHk
rSm Line 13 Sub Test 1 ( ) Line 17 Private Sub Test 2 ( )
ESifh Line 21 Public Sub Test 3 ( ) [l uGJjym;aeygonf/
,cifu Sub keyword jzifhom pwifa&;om;cJhaomfvnf;
,cktcg sub keyword a&SUwGif Private ESifh Public wdkYudk

xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;onfudk awGY&rnfjzpfonf/ (if;


Private ESihf Public wdYk ukd Access specifier [k ac:ygonf/
if;wdkYuJhodkY tjcm;aom Access Specifier rsm;vnf; &Sdyg
ao;onf / ) Method wpf c k t m; Private keyword
xnfhoGif; Private jyKvkyfvkdufvQif xdk method udk tjcm;
aom Module rsm;rSae ac:,l toHk;rjyKEkdifawmhyg/
Public jyKvkyfxm;aom method udkrl tjcm;aom Module
rsm;rS ac:,ltoHk;jyKEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ Private ESifh Public
rxnfhxm;aom method rsm;udkvnf; tjcm; Module rsm;rS
ac:,l toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/
Module 44 udk avhvmMunfhygOD;rnf/ Line 06 wGif
Module 44 A rS Test 1 ( ) method udk ac:,ltoHk;jyKxm;
ygonf/ Test 1 ( ) method rSm Private keyword rsm;
xnfrh xm;onfh Default Access method jzpfojzifh toH;k jyK
Ekid yf gonf/ Line 07 wGif Module 44A rS Test 2 ( ) method
udk toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ Test 2 ( ) method rSm Private
Access jzpfaomaMumifh toHk;jyK r&Ekdifyg/ Line 08 wGif
Public Access jzpfom Test 3 ( ) method udk toHk;jyKxm;
ygonf/ Program output udkvnf; avhvmMunfhyg/

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
VB.NET language \ program statement rsm;onf
method wpfckcktwGif;om a&;om;&onf/ method rsm;
rSmvnf; Module odkYr[kwf Class wpfckcktwGif; a&;om;
&onf/ Module ESifh Class rsm;onf Namespace wpfckck
twGif;wGif yg0if&onf/ Namespace taMumif; tenf;
i,f azmfjycsifygonf/ erlem program udkMunfhyg/
0 1 Imports System.Console
02
0 3 Namespace NS1
04
Module Module45
05
Sub Main()
06
WriteLine(In the method Main)
07
WriteLine(Module45)
08
WriteLine(Namespace NS1)
09
10
Call Test() Error
11
Call Module46.Test() Error
12
Call NS2.Module46.Test()
13
End Sub
14
End Module
1 5 End Namespace
16
1 7 Namespace NS2
18
Module Module46
19
Sub Test()
20
WriteLine(In the method Test)
21
WriteLine(Module46)
22
WriteLine(Namespace NS2)
23
End Sub
24
End Module
2 5 End Namespace
Program 7-4

yg&SdaomaMumifh save vkyfonfhtcg "Module45.vb" jzifh


save vkyf&ygrnf/
Line 10 wGif Call Test ( ) [ka&; Test ( )method udk
ac:,ltoHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ odkYaomf Test ( )method rSm
tjcm;aom Namespace xJwGif&SdaomaMumifh Call Test ( )
[k wdkufdkuftoHk;jyK r&Ekdifyg/ xdkYaMumifh if; Line 10
udk comment jyKvkyfvkduf&ygvdrfhrnf/ Line 11 wGif Call
Module 46.Test ( )[k a&;xm;jyef&m Module 46 rSm tjcm;
Namespace xJrS Mod jzpf wkdufdkuf toHk;rjyKEkdifyg/
Line 11 udkvnf; comment jyKvkyf&ygrnf/
xdk Test ( ) method udk toH;k jyKEkid &f ef Line 12 rSmuJo
h Ykd
Call NS2. Module 46.Test ( ) [k a&;om;&rnfjzpfygonf/
a&;om;yHkrSm Namespace Name udk OD;pGma&;&jyD; Module
Name udk aemufwi
G af &;&ygonf/ aemufq;kH wGirf S Method
Name udk a&;&ygonf/ if;wdkYtMum;wGif dot (.) jzifh jcm;
ay;&ygrnf/
Namespace Name. ModuleName.MethodName ( )

tykdif; (1) wGif azmfjycJhzl;aom


System.Console .WriteLine ( )

a&;om;yHkjzifh EdIif;,SOfMunfhEkdifygonf/ System rSm Namespace jzpf y gonf / Console rS m Class jzpf y gonf /
(Module ESifh Class rSm ae&mwGif oabmcsif;wlonf[k
rSwfEkdifygonf/) Writeline ( ) rSm method jzpfygonf/
Program.Output udk azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/

NameSpace a&;om;jcif;rSm vG,fulonf[k qdkEkdifyg


onf/ Namespace keyword ESifhpwifjyD; if;aemufwGif
Namespace trnfyg0if&ygrnf/ aemufqHk;wGif End
Namespace ESihf tqH;k owf&ygrnf/ xdo
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Namespace ESifh End Namespace Mum;wGif Module rsm;?
Class rsm;udk xnfhoGif;a&;om;EkdifjyDjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
Namespace \ oabmrSm trsKd;tpm;wl&m Module rsm;?
Class rsm;udk trnfwpfckay; pkpnf;ay;xm;jcif;yifjzpfyg

onf/
erlem program wGif Namespace ESpfck a&;xm;yg
onf/ NS1 [k trnfay;xm;aom Namespace xJwGif
Module 45 trnfjzifh Module wpfck a&;xm;ygonf/ NS2
Namespace xJwGifvnf; Module 46 trnfjzifh Module
wpfck a&;xm;ygonf/ Module 45 xJwiG f Main ( ) method

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Namespace taMumif;wdkYudk avhvm od&SdEkdifMurnfjzpfyg
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xGe;f Zmenfausmf
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Zefe0g&?D 2008 205

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Zefe0g&?D 2008 207

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yg/
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unit wpfckpDrSm &dSwJh bytes
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w,f/ Oyrm 4096 bytes in
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rsm;ud k zef w D ; ay;wmyg/

odkYjzpf yHk odkYr[kwf "mwfyHk


&dSwJh rnfonfh zdkvf'grSmrqdk
&daS ewmyg/ yHrk sm;udk Thumbnail eJY Munfhr,fqdkrS data
base zdkiftjzpf zefwD;ay;
vdkufwmjzpfvdkY uGefysLwm
0,f c gprS m rawG U wmyg/
aemuf tJ'DzdkifawGudk azsmuf
xm;ygw,f/ View > Show
hidden files and folders udk
a&G;cs,fjyD; Hide protected
operating system files udk
trSwfjzKwfvdkufrSom jrif&
wmyg/ orD;taeeJY b,fvdk if;wdkYonf uGefysLwmudk wJhtcg ae&m,lvmwwfyg
azmfxkwfMunhfw,f rodyg/ 'kuray;aomfvnf; rsm;vm w,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf if; zdkif

Zefe0g&?D 2008 209

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
rsm;udk zsufEdkifygw,f/ 'gay
plorer\ Advanced od k Y
r,fh yHkrsm;udk zGifh&if jyefay:
a&mufatmif wpfqifhcsif;
OD;rSmyg/ aemifray:apcsif&if
oGm;yg/
1/ Explorer rS w pf q if h
xd k Y a emuf Advanced ud k
odkYr[kwf zdkvf'g wpfck
uvpf ESpcf suEf ySd jf yD; wpfzuf
ck u d k z G i f h j yD ; Tools >
jrifuGif;wGif ay:vmaom
Folder Options... odkY
pmom;rsm;rS 'DisableoGm;yg/
ThumbnailCache' udk &Sm
oauFw jcpfay;vdkuf
2/ View (tab) od k Y
&ygw,f/ if; twGuf yg/ if;udk uvpfvkyfum
ajymif;yg/
yg/
Start > Run rSwpfqifh ay:vmaom DWORD \
3/ Files and Folders &JU 4/ Apply eJY OK udk EdyS jf yD;
regedit vdYk du
k x
f nfjh yD; wefz;kd udk 1 odYk ajymif;ay;yg/
atmuf u 'Do not
jyefxGufyg/
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ OK udk EdSyfjyD; registry edicache thumbnails'
'DvdkyJ registry editor Software\Microsoft\Win- tor rS xGufvdkufyg/ uGef
qdkwJh pmom;udk trSwf
rS m vnf ; jyif v d k Y dows\CurrentVersion\Ex- ysLwmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/

Akid ;f &yfpu
f ydwx
f m;wmvdYk qdyk gw,f
Q
uRef a wmf h uG e f
ysLwmrS m Internal Card
Reader wyfqifxm;jyD; if;
SD Memory card udk zwf
&ef xnfhoGif;vdkufpOf drive
auto rwufvmvdYk My Computer uwpfqifh double
click od k Y r [k w f Explore
uaezGifh&mrSm My Documents om wuf vm
xyfqifhzGifhrSom wufvm
wwfygw,f/ uGefysLwmudk
ppfMunfh&m 'Task Manager'
disable jzpfomG ;aMumif; awGU
&ygw,f/
(1) Task bar ay: right click
EdSyfvQif pop-up menu
Task Manager rSm rdSefaeyg
w,f/
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rwufvmbJ 'Task Man-

'Task Manager' window

w,f/ Adkif;&yfpf ppfxm;w,f tqifhqifh zGifhyg/ tJ'DrSm yg/

210

ager has been disabled by


your Administrator' ay:
vmjyD ; Windows restart

jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/
if; memory card udk
virus scan vk y f M unh f & m
rnfonfh Adkif;&yfpfrS rawGU&
yg/ uGefysLwmrSm Norton
2006 tm; Nov'2007 txd
update vkyfxm;jyD; jzpfyg
w,f/ tb,faMumifh uJh
odkY jzpf&ygvJ/ rnfuJhodkY
jyKjyifEdkifonfudk ajzMum;ay;
apvdkygw,f/
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A

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udk Adkif;&yfpfawGuom disabled jzpfatmif vkyfavh &dSyg

uGefysLwm*sme,f

qdkayr,fh Norton u rEdkif


wJh Adkif;&yfpfjzpfaumif; jzpf
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ppfMunhfapvdkygw,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf Task Manager udk jyefzi
G Mhf unh&f atmif/
1/ Start > Run (box) udk zGihf
yg/
2/ regedit vdkY dkufxnfhay;
yg/
3/ HKEY_LOCAL_ MACHINE uae Software\
Microsoft\ Windows\
CurrentVersion\Policies\
System txd a&mufatmif

System udk uvpfvkyfjyD;


ay:vmwJh wpfzufu box xJ
rSm disableTaskMgr (key)
udk &Smyg/ awGU&if zsufvdkuf
yg/ 'D v d k b J HKEY_
CURRENT_USER\Soft
ware\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Policies\
System txd a&mufatmif
zGifhyg/ DisableTaskMgr
(key) udk &SmjyD; zsufyg/ uGef
ysLwmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/

tao;pdwf odvdkvQif
0ufbfqdkuf http://window
sxp.mvps.org/Taskmana
ger_error.htm odkY 0ifMunhf

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (5)
5.5 CERTIFICATION PRACTICE
eJY ywfoufwJh tajccH Theory &
Structure awGudk oifMum; ydkYcs&mrSm Chapter wpfckNyD;wkdif;
oufqkdif&m tcef;u@&JU Summary NyD;awmhQuestions
and Answers NyD;awmh Exercises tp&Sw
d mawGukd xnho
f iG ;f
ydkYcs oifMum;zdkYtwGuf &nf&G,fcsuf &Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
tcef;qufa&;&wmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf Questions and Answers
u@[m awmfawmfav;udk tcuftcJ&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
tck Java Developer Guide VOL-I tjzpf xkwaf 0cgeD;rSmrS
Questions and Answers u@udk oufqkdif&m Chapter
tvdkuf xnhfoGif;zdkY BudK;pm;&wmygyJ/
tck vuf&Sd oifcef;pmrSmawmh Certification Practice
vdkY acgif;pOfwyfxm;NyD;awmh Certified Java programmer/
Developer Exam awGukd 0ifa&muf ajzqkr
d ,fo
h al wGtwGuf
&nf&G,fygw,f/ trSefwu,fuawmh oufqkdif&m chapter
tNyD;rSmrS 'Dtcef;u@udk xnhfoGif;&if avhvm&wm vG,f
ulygvdrhfr,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfh&JU t,ltquawmh tck
vuf&Sd Java Developer Guide VOL-I wpftkyfvHk;udk em;
vnf wwfajrmufoGm;NyDqkdawmhrS oifcef;pmtm;vHk;udk aus
ausnufnuf em;vnfNyDqkdrS 'D chapter index udk vm
a&muf avhvmapcsifygw,f/
Java Language

avhvmNyD;awmh tJ'D chapter


&JU tykdif;udkyJ&r,fqkd&if tukefa&marTNyD;awmh wnfaqmuf
xm;wJh program udk oGm;a&mufavhvm ajz&Si;f r,fq&dk ifaygh?
pmzwfol b,fvkdajz&Sif;EkdifrvJ/ 'gaMumifh oD;oefYxm;NyD;
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Developer Guide VOL-II, VOL-III tp&Sw
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Note :

Chapter wpfckudk

qkdwJh tcef;u@[m tjrJwrf;


tcef;u@wpf&yftaeeJY pmtkyf&JUaemufqHk;rSm yg0ifvm&
rSmygyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh 'Dtcef;u@rSm rlv Guide Book
awGxJutwkdif; Answers ryg0ifygbl;/ Code_line awG
udak wmh Analysis vkyNf yD;awmh &Si;f jyyghr,f/ wGucf su&f ,lwhJ
Output Answers awGudk tajccHNyD; program i,fav;awG
vufawGU wnfaqmufNyD;awmh zefw;D Munhyf g/ vkt
d yfvm&if
pma&;NyD;awmh tultnDawmif;Ekdifygw,f/
uJ pwifNyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ acgif;pOfukd
awmh rlvtwkdif;yJ a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/
Certification practice

The following questions are the kind of


things you could expert to be asked on a
java programming certification test. Answer
that questions without looking inside the
Book's material.
Question(1)
1 . public class Aye Aye {
2 . int i = 40;
3 . int j;
4.
5 . public Aye Aye ( ) {
6 . SetValue (i + +);
7. }
8.
9 . void SetValue (int inputValue) {
10. int i = 20;
11. j = i + 1;
12. System.out.Println ("j = "+j");
13. }
14. }
What is the value of the j variable at the
time is displayed inside the SetValue( )
method?

Zefe0g&D? 2008 211

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
a . 42
b . 40
c . 21
d . 22

Analysis

1/ vkdif;eHygwf (1) rSm AyeAye qkdwJh primary class udk


a&;xm;w,f/ tJ'DxJrSmrS int data type udk toHk;jyKNyD;
awmh i eJY j udk global variables tjzpf Declare vkyf
vdkufNyD/ J [m wefzdk; ryg0ifygbl;/ i wefzkd;udkawmh
40 vdYk assign vkyx
f m;ygw,f/ vkid ;f eHygwf (5) rSmawmh
primary class AyeAye &JU constructor function
AyeAye ( ) udk a&;om;ygw,f/ tJ'D constructor
function xJrmS SetValue ( ) method udk vmoH;k xm;wm
udk awGU&rSmyg/ aumif;NyD/ SetValue ( ) method [m
b,fuvmwmvJ? tJ'D method udk vdkif;eHygwf (9)
uae (13) Mum;rSm a&;xm;wmygyJ/ oGm;ravhvmcif
wpfck ajymp&m&Sdwmuawmh tay:u Declare &
Assign vkyfcJhwJh i = 40 udk portfix increment order
udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmhrS xnfhvdkufwmyg/ 'Dawmh i = 40
udk 1 xyf aygif;awmh pmzwfol awG;Munfhyg/
2/ Setvalue ( ) method &JU parameter arguments udk
int inputValue vdkY ay;xm;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dae&mrSm
xnhv
f u
dk w
f u
hJ ed ;f [m b,favmufyjJ zpfjzpf Oyrm 100,
1000, i &JU wefzkd; 40, 400 b,favmufyJ xnhfxnhf
inputValue jzpfoGm;NyDaemf/
uJ 'gayr,fh tJ'DxnhfvkdufwJh inputValue udk tJ'D
function_body xJrSm I eJYvnf; ndr,lygbl;/ J eJYvnf;
ndr,lygbl;/ 'gudk aoaocsmcsmrSwfxm;yg/
NyD;awmh int i = 20; qkdNyD;awmhrS oD;oefY Declare vkyf
ygw,f/ tck Declare vkyw
f hJ icon tay:u Declare vkycf w
hJ hJ
int i=40; eJY bmrQroufqi
dk yf gbl;/ &Si;f w,faemf/ olY[meJYol
&yfwnfaewJh variables awGyg/ Oyrm 9 wef; ausmif;ol
AyeAye eJY 10 wef;ausmif;ol AyeAye [m trnfwlMuay
r,fh tcef;uGaJ eovdk twef;rwlovkad yghaemf/ &Si;f w,faemf/
3/ uJ i [m tay:rSmb,favmufyjJ zpfcjhJ zpfchJ tck 'D function xJrSmawmh 20 yJ/ J [m udk,fykdifwefzdk; r&Sdao;yg
bl;/ tay:u Declare vkyfcJhwJhtwkdif;ygyJ/ tJ'gukdrS
j [m 1 vmaygif;wmeJY nDygw,fqkdNyD;rS assign vm
vkyfygw,f/
j = i + 1;

NyD;awmh j wefzkd;udk System.out.println ("j=" +j); qkd

212

uGefysLwm*sme,f

NyD;rS output udk print vkyx


f m;ygw,f/ tajzudk pmzwf
ol udk,fwkdif tarce vkyfNyD;awmh avhvmyg/ jzpfEkdifwJh
Answer [m a eJY c yJ &Sdygawmhw,f/ b eJY d [m vHk;0
rjzpfEidk yf gbl;/ pmzwfopl Of;pm;&vG,af tmifvYkd &Si;f ay;
vkdufwmygyJ/ BudK;pm;NyD; uRefawmf&Sif;jycJhwJh code_
line udktajccHNyD;awmh wGufcsufMunfhyg/
Certification Practice
Question(2)
1 . public class Cases {
2 . public static void main (String[]
arguments){
3 . float x = 9;
4 . float y = 5;
5 . int z = (int)(x/y);
6 . Switch (z) {
7 . case 1:
8 . x = x+2;
9 . case 2;
10. x = x + 3;
11. default;
12. x = x +1;
13. }
14. System.out.println ("Value of x:"+ x);
15. }
16. }
What will be the value of x When it is
displayed?
a . 9.0
b . 11.0
c . 15.0
d . The program will not compile.

Analysis
1/ 'D program udkawmh wwfEkdif&ifawmh compile vkyfNyD;
awmh test vkyfMunhfygvkdY qkdxm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfu
awmh t&ifqHk; code_line awGudk &Sif;jyyghr,f/ Case
qkw
d hJ primary class udk vkid ;f eHygwf (1) rSm a&;om;xm;
ygw,f/ NyD;awmh main ( ) function udk a&;om;xm;
ygw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm float data type udk toHk;jyKNyD;

awmhrSx = 9;
y = 5; qkdNyD;rS Declare vkyfygw,f/
Z udkawmh x udk y eJY pm;vkdY&wJh pm;v'ftjzpf assign
vkyfay;xm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh int data type udk toHk;
jyKNyD;awmh z [m int ude;f yJ &&r,fvYkd owfrw
S af y;xm;

ygw,f/ jzpfEkdif rjzpfEkdifuawmh pmzwfoludk,fwkdifyJ


awG;Munhfyg/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
2/ NyD;awmh &vmwJh z wefz;dk ukd switch keyword udk toH;k
jyKNyD;awmh Block { xJudk 0ifygw,f/ Z [m pm;v'f
taeeJY 1 udk &cJh&if x = x + 2; qkdNyD;awmh Self-assign
eJY aygif;xnhfygw,f/ &Sif;atmif ajym&&ifawmh x [m
9 qkad wmh 9 + 2 = 11 qkdNyD; x [m jzpfomG ;rSmygyJ/ 'gu
pm;v'f[m 1 taeeJY z u &cJhrSaemf/ wu,fvdkY z [m
1 r&cJh&if 'Dtvkyfudk vkyfp&mrvdkawmhbl;ayghaemf/
uJ wu,fvkdY pm;v'f[m 2 vkdY &cJh&if (9 udk wnfNyD;
awmh 5 eJY pm;wmaemf) Case 2: eJY vmnDaeygNyD/ 'Dawmh
x = x + 3; vdkY tvkyfvmvkyfrSmyg/
'Dwmh x = 9 + 3 qkad wmh x = 12 vkYd tvkyv
f mvkyrf mS yg/
[kwfNyDaemf/ 'gayr,fh Case Statement udk toHk;jyK
&if break statement eJY wGNJ yD; toH;k jyK&wmaemf/ 'Dawmh
tay: Case 1 eJY nDcJh&ifqkdwJh tvkyftNyD;rSm atmufukd
qufqif;vmwmvnf; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh x
wefzkd;[m 11 jzpfaepOfrSm
x = x + 3;
x = 11 + 3;
x = 14 ; qkdNyD;rS qufaygif;wmvnf; rjzpfEkdifbl;
vm;/ odyfjzpfEkdifwmaygh/ tay:rSm break statement
rS rygwmyJ/ [kwfNyDaemf/ tckxufxd switch block

&JU tjyifudk ra&mufao;ygbl;/ qufvkyfaeOD;rSmygyJ/


vkdif;eHygwf (11) udk oGm;Munhfyg/
3/ Default tay:u code_line awG ysufuu
G cf &hJ if? bmrQ
r[kwfawmh&ifawmh
x = x + 1;
x = 9 + 1;
x = 10; vnf; jzpfEi
dk o
f vkd x wefz;dk value [m 14

&aewJh 'kwd,tqifh tawG;tac:t&


x = x +1;
x = 14 + 1;
x = 15; vnf; jzpfoGm;Ekdifygw,f/
NyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf (13)rSm&SdwJh switch block &JU

uJ
tjyifukd xGuv
f mwmygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh pmzwfoal wG;Munhyf g/
x wefz;dk [m 11 jzpfEi
dk o
f vdk x wefz;dk [m 12 yJvm;? 'grSr[kwf
14 yJvm;/ tqifhqifhaygif;oGm;NyD;awmh x = 15 yJvm;? x
=12 qkw
d hJ tajzuawmh answers_group rSmudk ryg0ifvmyg
bl;/
tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (14) rSm System.Out.prinln
("Value of x :" + x) qdkNyD;rS x wefzkd;udk dkufxkwfxm;yg
w,f/ 'Dawmh answers_ group xJu a [m vHk;0 rjzpfEkdifyg

bl;/ b eJY c uawmh jzpfEkdifovdk The program will not


compile qkdwJh tajz d [mvnf; jzpfvmEkdifygw,f/ pmzwf
oludk,fwkdif trace vkdufNyD; wGufcsufMunfhyg/
Certification Practice
Question (3)
1 . Public Class Recursion {
2 . Public int dex = -1;
3.
4 . Public Recursion ( ) {
5 . dex = getValue (17);
6. }
7.
8 . Public int getValue (int dexValue){
9 . if (dexValue > 100)
10. Return dexValue;
11. else
12. Return getValue (dexValue * 2);
13. }
14.
15. Public Static Void main (String[ ]
arguments){
16. Recursion r = new Recursion( );
17. System.out.println (r.dex);
18. }
19. }
What will be
application?
a. - 1
b. 17
c. 34
d. 136

the

output

of

this

Analysis
1/ Recursion

qkdwJh class wpfckukd vdkif;eHygwf (1) rSm


a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf int data type udk
toH;k jyKNyD;awmh dex qkw
d hJ variable udk Declare vkyyf g
w,f/ wefzkd;udkawmh -1 eJY assign vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'D
ae&mrSm ta&;BuD;wmuawmh public keyword udk
toHk;jyKxm;jcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf (4)
rSmrS constructor method jzpfwJh Recursion ( ) method udka&;om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'DxJrSmrS tay:rSm Declare vkyfcJhwJh dex qkdwJh variable [m getvalue ( )
method eJYnDw,fvdkY assign vkyf,ljyefygw,f/ Get
Value ( ) method &JU parameter argument ae&mrSm
17 vdkY wefzkd;xnfhxm;w,faemf/ 'Dawmh getValue ( )
udk oGm;NyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmif/
GetValue ( ) method [m vkdif;eHygwf (8) uae (13)
Mum;rSm a&;om;xm;wmyg/ olY&JU parameter arguments ae&mrSm int data type udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh dex

Zefe0g&D? 2008 213

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
vdkY xnhfoGif;xm;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh apmapmu
vkdif;eHygwf (5) rSm a&;om;xm;wJh getValue ( ) &JU
argument ae&mrSm yg0ifwhJ 17 [m 'Dae&mrSm dexValue
jzpfoGm;ygNyD/
uJ dexValue [m 100 xuf BuD;cJh&if if jzpfcJhvQifqkd
awmh dexValue [m 100 xuf BuD;aewmqkad wmh vkid ;f
eHygwf (10) rSm a&;om;xm;wJh tvkyfudk oGm;NyD; rvkyf
awmhygbl;/ Return dex Value; qkdwJh tvkyfudk rvkyf
awmhbl;aemf/
If statement eJY expression udk ppfaq;vkdufwJhtcgrSm
rjzpfcw
hJ t
hJ wGuf vkid ;f eHygwf (11) u else qkw
d hJ r[kwcf hJ
&ifawmh qkdNyD;rS vmNyD; tvkyfvkyfawmhrSmyg/ 'Dawmh
else &JUatmufu vkdif;eHygwf (12) rSm a&;om;xm;wJh
Value

Return getValue (dexValue* 2);

qkdwJh code_line udk tvkyfvmvkyfygawmhw,f/


t"dym,fuawmh pmzwfoludk,fwkdifyJ csawG;Munhfyg/
rlv getValue( ) method eJY argument taeeJY xnhf
oGif;xm;wJh dexValue udk 2 eJY ajrmufNyD;awmh return
jyefay;rSmygyJ/ 'Dawmh b,favmufjzpfoGm;rvJ/
Answer_group xJrmS xnho
f iG ;f xm;wJh C. tajzjzpfwhJ
34 rsm;vm;? 'grSr[kwf public keyword udk toHk;jyK
cJw
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vkdY assign vkyfwmudka&m vufcHEkdifyghrvm;/ pmzwfol
bufu jzpfEkdifwmudk rsKd;pHkawG;Munhfyg/
2/ Main ( )Function udkawmh vkdif;eHygwf (15) rSm a&;
om;ay;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm tay:u Recursion
class udk object_name vkYd ay;NyD;awmh ac:,lvu
kd yf gNyD/
'Dawmh recurssion class &JU constructor method
uvnf; tvdktavsmuf yg0ifvmNyDaygh/ tJ'DtcgrSm
Recursion method xJrSm yg0ifaewJh code_line awG
[ getValue ( ) function udk ac:,l toH;k csxm;wmawG]
uwpfqifh tvkyfqufvkyfOD;rSmygyJ/
NyD;&ifawmh &vmwJh return jyefvmwJhtajzukd Output
taeeJY vdkif;eHygwf (17) rSm dkufxkwfay;xm;ygw,f/
pmzwfoltaeeJY BudK;pm;NyD;awmh awG;Munhfyg/ vkdtyf
vm&if tJ'D program udk compile & run vkyfNyD;awmh
wGufxkwf avhvmMunfhyg/
Certification Practice
Question(4)
1 . import javax.swing.*;
2.

214

uGefysLwm*sme,f

3 . public class Display extends JFrame {


4 . public Display( ) {
5 . super ("Display");
6 . //answer goes here
7 . JLabel hello = new JLabel ("Hello");
8 . JPanel pane = new JPanel ( );
9 . pane.add(hello);
10. SetContentPane (pane);
11. Pack ( );
12. SetVisible (true);
13. }
14. public static void main (string [ ]
arguments){
15. Display ds = new Display( );
16. }
17. {
What Statement needs to replace // answer
goes here in order to make the application
function properly?
a . SetSize (300,200);
b . SetDefaultCloseOperation

(JFrame:

EXIT_ON_ CLOSE);
c . Display ds = new Display ( ) ;
d . No Statement is needed.

Analysis
1/ 'D Program uawmh pmzwfot
l wGuf t&rf; vG,u
f yl g
vdrrfh ,f/ vkid ;f eHygwf (6) u Double Slash// ESpcf ck NH yD;
a&;xm;wJh //anser goes here qkdwJhae&mrSm xnhfoGif;
&r,fh code_line udk pOf;pm;NyD;awmh jznfhoGif;ay;&
rSmyg/ 'Dawmh zefwD;xm;wJh program udk avhvmMunhf
Mu&atmif/ Import javax.swing.*; qkdwJh package
udk ac:wifxm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh Display qkdwJh class
udk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ JFrame Class udk extends
vkyfNyD;awmh wnfaqmufxm;wmyg/ NyD;awmh constructor.function udk vkdif;eHygwf (4) rSm vmNyD;awmh

a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/
tJ'Daemuf JLabel wpfckudk hello qkdwJh name ay;
NyD;awmh zefwD;ygNyD/ NyD;awmh JPanel Class udk ac:NyD;
pane qkdNyD;rS object_name ay;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh
JPanel &JU container xJudk xnhfoGif;vkdufygw,f/
'gaMumifh
pane.add (hello);

vdkY a&;om;xm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/


2/ tJ'DxJrSm a&;om;xm;wmawGuawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
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awGUjrifaeusqkdawmh tus,fcsJUNyD;awmh r&Sif;jyawmhyg
bl;/ 'Dawmh vkid ;f eHygwf (6) rSm xnho
f iG ;f &r,fh answer
[m
a. setsize (300,200); yJvm;
swing component

b.

SetDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_
ON_ CLOSE); yJvm;
pmzwfoltaeeJY awG;NyD; pOf;pm;Munfh&rSmyg/ c & d

uawmh rjzpfEidk w
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csif;pDukd xnho
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kd af ygh
aemf/ uJ pmzwfol&JU uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIukd udk,f
wkdifyJ test vkyfNyD;awmh pOf;pm;ygawmh/
Certification Practice
Question (5)
1 . import java.awt.*;
2 . import javax.swing.*;
3.
4 . public class AskFrame extends JFrame{
5 . public AskFrame( ){
6 . SetDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_
ON_CLOSE);
7 . Container pane = getContentPane( );
8 . JSlider Value = new JSlider (0, 225,
100);
9 . pane.add(value);
10. SetSize (450, 150);
11. SetVisible (true);
12. SetContentPane (pane);
13. Super( );
14. }
15.
16. public static

Void

main

(String[]

arguments){
17. AskFrame af = new AskFrame ( );
18. }
19. }
What will happen when you attempt to compile
and run this source code?
a . It compiles without error and runs
correctly.
b. It compiles without error and does not
display anything in the frame.

c . IT does not compile because of the


super ( )statement.
d . It does not compile because of the
SetContentPane( )Statement.

Analysis
1/ 'D program rSmvnf; xH;k pHtwkid ;f ygyJ/ Swing & AWT
Package awGudk import & Declare vkyfxm;ygw,f/
NyD;awmh AskFrame qkw
d hJ primary class udk a&;om;yg
w,f/ tJ'D class &JU constructor method xJrSm zef
wD;xm;wJh code_line awGudk avhvmMunhfyg/ JSlider
wpfckudk value vdkY object_name ay;NyD;awmh zefwD;
xm;ygw,f/ vkdtyfvm&if JSlider eJYywfoufwJh oif
cef;pm 5.1 udk oGm;NyD;awmh jyefveS f avhvmoifyh gw,f/
uJ 'DtcgrSmawmh 'D program udk compile vkyw
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answer_group u
a &JU tajzvkd compile udk error r&SdbJeJY vkyfEkdifovkd rSefrSef
uefuef runs vkyfay;Ekdifyghrvm;
b &JU tajzvkdrsKd; error r&SdbJeJYawmh compile vkyfoGm;yg&JU/
Run vkdufwJhtcgrSm ay:vmwJh JFrame ay:rSm bmrQ vm

rjybJrsm; jzpfaerSmvm; awG;Munhf&rSmaemf/


c rSm a&;xm;ovdkrsKd;rsm; compile udk rvkyfEkdifygbl;/ bm
aMumifhvJqkdawmh super ( ) method aMumifhvdkY qkdxm;yg
w,f/
'grSr[kwf d rSm a&;xm;ovdkrsKd;rsm; compile rvkyf
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dk mudk
vufcH&rSmygyJ/
'Dawmh azmfjyxm;wJh answer_group xJu wpfckckudk
awmh pmzwfol a&G;cs,f&rSmygyJ/ uRefawmft
h aeeJY tckvuf&dS
Question (5) txd Certification Practice taeeJY ykdYcsay;
cJhygw,f/ pmzwfoludk,fwkdif ,ckvuf&Sd oifcef;pmtxd
Java Developer Guide VOL-I vdYk owfrw
S x
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(1) to Chapter(5) txdudk aMuaMunufnuf avhvmvdYk&&if
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Features awGudk oifMum; ydkYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
usef&Sdaeao;wJh JAVA Programming taMumif;udk quf
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KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

Zefe0g&D? 2008 215

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