beclomethasone

synthetic glucocorticoid that readily penetrates the

airway mucosa, used for asthma

thioridazine

low potency dopamine receptor

blocker

thioridazine

side effects are retinal deposits, torsades, postural

hypotension, sedation, CNS depression

valproic acid

causes neural tube defects

valproic acid

used to treat all kinds of seizures, as well as bipolar

disorder

zolpidem

binds benzodiazepine receptors,

antagonized by flumazenil

zolpidem

hypnotic drug that is not a

benzodiazepine

amphetamines

indirect sympathomimetic MOA

cocaine

inhibits catecholamine reuptake, resulting in

cardiotox and hypertension

disulfiram

inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing an

accumulation of acetaldehyde

flunitrazepam

benzodiazepine used as a date rape

drug

lysergic acid diethylamide

hallucinogenic, nausea, weakness

mescaline

hallucinogenic, nausea, weakness

psilocybin

hallucinogenic, nausea, weakness

marijuana

lowers intraocular pressure in

glaucoma

methadone

treatment of opiod withdrawal

opioid withdrawal syndrome

nausea, chills, sweats, lacrimation, cramps,

rhinorrhea, yawning, piloerection, diarrhea, tremor

MPTP

destroys dopaminergic neurons of

the nigrostriatal tract

morphine

binds mu receptors

enkephalin

binds delta receptors

dynorphins

bind kappa receptors

opioid overdose

constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness,

resp depression

phencyclidine (pcp)

nystagmus, hypertension, seizure

acetaminophen

COX inhibitor which inhibits

prostaglandin synthesis

acetaminophen

analgesic, antipyretic (but not

anti-inflammatory)

allopurinol

suicide inhibition of xanthine

oxidase

allopurinol

increases xanthine and hypoxanthine, which are less

likely to form crystals than uric acid

allopurinol

slows production of uric acid, used to treat gout (and

cancer)

aspirin

PGE inhibitor

aspirin

predisposes to acute gastritis by inhibiting PGE in

the stomach

aspirin

irreversible inhibitor of
cyclooxygenase

aspirin

analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet,

anti-inflammatory

capsaicin

impairs release of substance P

capsaicin

used topically for RA

celecoxib

COX-2 inhibitor

rofecoxib

COX-2 inhibitor

celecoxib

sulfa drug

rofecoxib

sulfa drug

colchicine

inhibits microtubule assembly, and therefore

leukocyte migration and phagocytosis

colchicine

leukocyte inhibitor used to treat attacks of gouty

arthritis

cyclosporin

binds to cyclophilins and inhibits the transcription of

cytokine genes

tacrolimus

binds to the immunophilin

FK-binding protein

cyclosporin

impairs T cell IL-2 production, used

in transplant patients

tacrolimus

used in transplant patients

etanercept

a fusion product of TNF-alpha receptor and Fc

portion of antibody

infliximab

binds and inhibits TNF-alpha

etanercept

used in RA and inflammatory bowel

disease

gold salts

nephrotoxic

gold salts

used in RA

gold salts

decreases lysosomal and

macrophage function

10

ibuprofen

similar to aspirin, lacks antiplatelet

effects

ibuprofen

reversibly inhibits COX

indomethacin

potent NSAID used to close a PDA

PGE

used to maintain a PDA in

congenital heart disease

ketorolac

parenteral NSAID

11

meperidine

causes relaxation of the sphincter of

oddi

meperidine

causes increased ICP

opiods

causes biliary spasm

sumatriptan

binds the serotonin 1D receptor

sumatriptan

causes vasoconstriction of cerebral

vasculature

12

sumatriptan

used for acute migraine and cluster

headaches

thalidomide

used to treat SLE, multiple

myeloma, and leprosy

thalidomide

suppresses production of TNF-alpha

thalidomide

potent
immunosuppressant

statins

may cause elevated liver enzymes

13

statins

may cause myositis

statins

may cause increased CK from

skeletal muscle

reserpine

enters the CNS and may cause suicidal depression

and parkinsonian symptoms

reserpine

antihypertensive agent that blocks the storage and

release of catecholamines and serotonin from
neurons

probucol

decreases HDL as well as LDL

14

probucol

prevents restenosis after angioplasty

probucol

acts as an antioxidant

nitroglycerin

postural hypotension, headache,

flushing

nitroglycerin

causes increase in cGMP in vascular

smooth muscle

niacin

directly reduces secretion of VLDLs

15

niacin

increases HDL

niacin

causes cutaneous flushing

vincristine

M phase inhibitor

vincristine

blocks microtubule polymerization

and spindle formation

ABVD

adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine,

dacarbazine

16

MOPP

mechlorethamine, oncovin,
procarbazine, prednisone

vincristine

used for lymphomas, wilms tumor,

and choriocarinomas

heparin

activates AT3

heparin

inactivates thrombin

protamine sulfate

reverses effects of heparin

17

trastuzumab

binds to receptor tyrosine kinase

Erb-B2 (HER-2)

trastuzumab

used for HER-2 positive breast

cancer

tamoxifen

estrogen receptor partial antagonist

tamoxifen

increases risk of endometrial

carcinoma

rituximab

binds CD20 antigen on B cells

18

rituximab

treatment of non-hodgkin
lymphoma

prednisone

triggers apoptosis

prednisone

treatment for leukemia, lymphoma,

RA, asthma

paclitaxel

prevents mitotic spindle breakdown

paclitaxel

interferes with
anaphase

19

paclitaxel

microtubule stabilizing agent

methotrexate

S phase inhibitor

methotrexate

inhibits DHFR

leucovorin

treats
myelosuppression

methotrexate

folic acid analog

20

mercaptopurine
(6-MP)

activated by hypoxanthine-guanine
phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)

mercaptopurine
(6-MP)

inhibits many enzymes involved in

purine metabolism

leuprolide

treatment for endometriosis

leuprolide

treatment for BPH and precocious

puberty

leuprolide

stimulates release of FSH and LH

21

leuprolide

GnRH agonist used to treat prostate

cancer

interferon alpha

produced by virally infected cells to prevent infection

of adjacent cells

interferon alpha

used to treat CML, malignant myeloma, kaposi

sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia

interferon alpha

recombinantly produced cytokine

flutamide

used to antagonize residual

androgens after orchiectomy

22

flutamide

side effects include gynecomastia

and libido changes

flutamide

androgen receptor antagonist

fluorouracil

S phase antimetabolite

fluorouracil

causes
myelosuppression

fluorouracil

inhibits thymidylate synthase

23

fluorouracil

used to treat colon cancer and basal

cell carcinoma

etoposide

G2 phase inhibitor

etoposide

causes double stranded breaks in

DNA

etoposide

inhibits topoisomerase II

etoposide

used to treat small cell carcinoma of the lung and

prostate and testicular cancers

24

doxorubicin

intercalates in DNA to reduce

replication and transcription

doxorubicin

causes dilated cardiomyopathy

daunorubicin

used to treat AML

cyclophosphamide

causes hemorrhagic cystitis

cyclophosphamide

alkylating agent used to treat

cancers

25

cisplatin

alkylating agent

cisplatin

causes nephrotoxicity and acoustic

nerve damage

carmustine

alkylating agent that causes DNA cross-linking and

strand breaks

carmustine

used to treat brain tumors, highly lipophilic

nitrosourea drug

bleomycin

mixture of glycoproteins that produce free radicals

upon binding DNA

26

bleomycin

causes strand breaks in DNA

bleomycin

G2 phase inhibitor

bleomycin

can cause pulmonary fibrosis

anastrozole

inhibitor of steroid synthesis

anastrozole

inhibits conversion of
androstenedione to estrone

27

aminoglutethimide

blocks conversion of cholesterol to

pregnenolone

anastrazole

aromatase inhibitor

zidovudine

inhibits viral reverse transcriptase

zidovudine

chain terminator

zidovudine

given to prevent transmission of

HIV to neonates

28

vancomycin

used to treat MRSA

vancomycin

used to treat c. difficile

vancomycin

rapid IV infusion causes red man

syndrome

TMP-SMX

blocks folate synthesis

TMP-SMX

can cause megaloblastic anemia

29

TMP-SMX

do not give to pts with G6PDH

deficiency

trimethoprim

blocks DHFR

sulfamethoxazole

blocks dihydropteroate synthase

tetracycline

inhibits 30s ribosome

tetracycline

bacteriostatic drug

30

tetracycline

CI in pregnant women due to bone dysplasia and

dental enamel defects

streptogramins

p450 inhibitor

streptogramins

arthralgias and
myalgias

streptogramins

used to treat MRSA and VRE

rifampin

inhibits DNA-dependent RNA

polymerase

31

rifampin

imparts red-orange color to

secretions

ribavirin

guanosine analog

ribavirin

inibits steps in RNA synthesis

ribavirin

used to treat viral hemorrhagic

fevers and hepatitis C

ribavirin

used to treat RSV

32

quinine

blocks DNA replication and RNA transcription in p.

falciparum within RBCs

quinine

causes cinchonism

cinchonism

headache, vertigo, blurry vision,

tinnitus

mefloquine

used for prophylaxis of p. falciparum

due to low SE

quinine

used for malaria

33

pyrantel pamoate

stimulates nicotinic receptors in

nematodes

praziquantel

used for fluke and tapeworm

infections

polymyxin b

cationic detergent that disrupts

bacterial membranes

polymyxin b

causes neurotoxicity and acute

tubular necrosis

polymyxin b

only used topically

34

penicillins

inhibits transpeptidation step in bacterial cell wall

synthesis

oseltamivir

neuraminidase inhibitor that

prevent viral spreading

oseltamivir

used against influenza

a

nystatin

disrupts fungal membrane permeability by binding

to ergosterol

nystatin

used to treat oral candidiasis and

diaper rash

35

nitrofurantoin

can cause hemolysis in G6PDH

deficient patients

nitrofurantoin

can accumulate to toxic levels in patients with renal

failure

nitrofurantoin

urinary antiseptic that requires

acidification

nifurtimox

used to treat chagas disease

nevirapine

NNRTI used to treat

HIV

36

neomycin

used to treat hepatic encephalopathy

neomycin

prevents accumulation of
nitrogenous microbial metabolites

metronidazole

activated by anaerobes and parasites

metronidazole

interferes with nucleic acid synthesis

metronidazole

used to treat amebiasis, trichomoniasis, giariasis,

and c. diff

37

methicillin

bulky R-group prevents degradation

by penicillinase

nafcillin

bulky R-group prevents degradation

by penicillinase

dicloxacillin

bulky R-group prevents degradation

by penicillinase

methi, naf, diclox

beta lactams

mebendazole

inhibits microtubule synthesis and glucose uptake by

helminths

38

mebendazole

used to treat pinworms

albuterol

selective b2 agonist

atenolol

selective b1 blocker

acebutolol

selective b1 blocker

metoprolol

selective b1 blocker

39

detromethrophan

depresses cough center in the

medulla

metoclopramide

facilitates acetylcholine while blocking dopamine in

the enteric nervous system

metoclopramide

SE are sedation, diarrhea,

extrapyramidal symptoms

metoclopramide

prokinetic agent used to block

emesis

metoclopramide

blocks D2 receptors in the area

postrema

40

misoprostol

PGE analog

misoprostol

decreases gastric acid production, increases mucus

production

misoprostol

eicosanoid preparation used for pts

taking lots of NSAIDs

omeprazole

H/K ATPase inhibitor

ondansetron

serotonin-3 inhibitor that acts at the

area postrema

41

sucralfate

requires acidic environment to

polymerize

sucralfate

cannot be used with antacids or H2

blockers

folic acid

will correct anemia but not neuro sx associated with

b12 deficiency

EPO

recombinant drug used for anemia

aminocaproic acid

orally active inhibitor of

plasminogen activation

42

aminocaproic acid

inhibits fibrinolysis

aminocaproic acid

used for acute bleeding in

hemophilic patients

abciximab

antibody against glycoprotein 2b/3a

receptor

abciximab

prevents platelet activation

abciximab

anticoagulant preventing restenosis

after angioplasty

43

benztropine

antimuscarinic

benztropine

CI are prostatic hyperplasia, GI

obstruction, glaucoma

benztropine

antimuscarinic used to treat tremors and rigidity in

parkinsons, but does nothing for bradykinesia

RhoGAM

antibody to Rh(D) antigen that

opsonizes

probenecid

competes with uric acid for reabsorption in the

proximal tubule

44

probenecid

inhibits secretion of weak acids

sulfinpyrazone

acts simliarly to probenecid

methylsergide

blocks serotonin receptors

methylsergide

causes fibroplasia of
retroperitoneum and
subendocardium

methylsergide

used to prevent migraines

45

daclizumab

binds IL-2 receptor on activated T

cells

daclizumab

used for patients with renal

allografts

bromocriptine

D2 agonist

bromocriptine

inhibits PRL release

diphenhydramine

inhibit histamine binding to H1

receptors

46

diphenhydramine

causes drowsiness

diphenhydramine

used for allergies and motion

sickness

cromolyn sodium

stabilizes mast cell membrane

lithium

inhibits IP3 and DAG

lithium

causes tremor, hypothyroidism,

polydipsia, polyuria

47

methylphenidate

stimulates the release of

catecholamines

phenytoin

inducer of p450

carbamazepine

inducer of p450

griseofulvin

inducer of p450

rifampin

inducer of p450

48

barbiturates

inducer of p450

penicillins

bactericidal

cephalosporins

bactericidal

vancomycin

bactericidal

aminoglycosides

bactericidal

49

fluoroquinolones

bactericidal

metronidazole

bactericidal

calcium channel
blockers

causes cutaneous flushing

adenosine

causes cutaneous flushing

vancomycin

causes cutaneous flushing

50

metronidazole

causes disulfiram-like reaction

cephalosporins

causes disulfiram-like reaction

procarbazine

causes disulfiram-like reaction

nitrous oxide

has a high MAC

phenelzine

MAOI

51

tranylcypromine

MAOI

isocarboxazid

MAOI

MAOI + SSRI

serotonin syndrome

MAOI

inhibits breakdown of amine

neurotransmitters

mebendazole

microtubule inhibitor

52

thiabendazole

microtubule inhibitor

paclitaxel

microtubule inhibitor

vincristine

microtubule inhibitor

colchicine

microtubule inhibitor

griseofulvin

microtubule inhibitor

53

hydralazine

SLE like syndrome

procainamide

SLE like syndrome

isoniazid

SLE like syndrome

phenytoin

SLE like syndrome

halothane

massive hepatic
necrosis

54

acetaminophen

massive hepatic
necrosis

valproic acid

massive hepatic
necrosis

cimetidine

p450 inhibitor

ketoconazole

p450 inhibitor

erythromycin

p450 inhibitor

55

cimetidine

gynecomastia

ketoconazole

gynecomastia

spironolactone

gynecomastia

bleomycin

pulmonary fibrosis

amiodarone

pulmonary fibrosis

56

busulfan

pulmonary fibrosis

aminoglycosides

ototoxic and
nephrotoxic

loop diuretics

ototoxic and
nephrotoxic

cisplatin

ototoxic and
nephrotoxic

vancomycin

mildly ototoxic and nephrotoxic

57

penicillamine

used to treat wilson disease

penicillamine

used to treat RA

penicillamine

used to treat copper toxicity bc it is a

chelator

organophosphates

anticholinesterases used in chemical

warfare

pralidoxime

antidote for anticholinesterases such

as organophosphates

58

naloxone

mu opioid receptor antagonist

naloxone

used to treat opioid overdose

phenobarbital

binds GABA receptors

phenobarbital

increases the duration of chloride

channel opening

phenobarbital

used to treat tonic-clonic seizures

and crigler-najjar

59

phenytoin

interferes with folate absorption

phenytoin

SE are gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, anemia, and

birth defects

phenytoin

class 1b antiarrhythmic

risperidone

blocks D2 and serotonin-2 receptors

risperidone

causes high sedation

60

risperidone

atypical antipsychotic with lots of

extrapyramidal SE

ropinirole

forestalls the use of levodopa in

parkinson's disease

methanol

causes damage by being converted to formaldehyde

in the liver

methanol

retinal damage, blindness, metabolic

acidosis, coma

flumazenil

antagonizes benzodiazepines and

zolpidem

61

flumazenil

used for benzodiazepine overdose

ethylene glycol

causes metabolic acidosis and precipitation of

oxalate crystals in the kidney

dimercaprol

chelates metals to keep them from

damaging proteins

succimer

orally active metal chelator

dimercaprol

used to treat heavy metal poisoning

62

digibind

fab fragment antibody

deferoxamine

rapid infusion causes hypotensive

shock

deferoxamine

used to treat acute iron toxicity

dantrolene

decreases the release of calcium from the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

dantrolene

used to treat malignant

hyperthermia

63

selegiline

inhibits MAO-B

MAO-B

degrades dopamine

selegiline

inhibits degradation of dopamine in CNS, used with

levodopa for parkinson's

thiopental

ultra-short acting barbiturate used to induce surgical

anesthesia

alprazolam

intermediate-acting benzodiazepine used for panic

disorder and phobias

64

n-acetylcysteine

protects against fulminant hepatic

failure

n-acetylcysteine

used for acetaminophen overdose

carvedilol

used for CHF

carvedilol

nonselective beta blocker and

alpha-1 blocker

amiodarone

blocks sodium
channels

65

amiodarone

corneal microdeposits

amiodarone

class III antiarrythmic

adenosine

short acting agent given IV for AV

nodal arrhythmias

spironolactone

potassium sparing diuretic

spironolactone

aldosterone antagonist

66

spironolactone

functions at the collecting tubule

nitroprusside

stimulates guanyl cyclase

nitroprusside

increases cGMP in vascular smooth

muscle

minoxidil

direct-acting vasodilator

minoxidil

used topically bc of benefit of

hypertrichosis

67

cholestyramine

bind bile acids to prevent

enterohepatic recycling

fexofenadine

nonsedating antihistaminic

loratadine

nonsedating antihistaminic

ipratropium

dry mouth side effect

ipratropium

antimuscarinic for COPD and

asthma

68

salmeterol

may cause tremors and arrhythmias

theophylline

methylxanthine used for asthma

theophylline

inhibits phosphodiesterase

theophylline

inhibits conversion of cAMP to AMP

octreotide

used to treat carcinoid, gastrinoma, somatotropic

pituitary adenoma

69

propylthiouracil

inhibits iodination step of thyroid

hormone synthesis

methimazole

same as PTU but crosses placenta

and enters breast milk

raloxifene

estrogen partial
agonist

raloxifene

does not increase the risk of

endometrial cancer

tamoxifen

increases risk of endometrial cancer

70

repaglinide

rapid onset
sulfonylurea

repaglinide

binds potassium channels to

facilitate insulin release

glitazones

increase insulin sensitivity

glitazones

stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor

troglitazone

hepatotoxic

71

sulfonylureas

stimulate closure of potassium

channels

sulfonylureas

glyburide and glipizide

sulfonylureas

cause release of preformed insulin

acyclovir

used to treat herpes

acyclovir

guanosine analog

72

acyclovir

activated by thymidine kinase of the

virus it treats

acyclovir

functions as a chain terminator when incorporated

into viral DNA

amantadine

prophylaxis against influenza A and

rubella

amantidine

inhibits fusion of viral particles within endosome of

the cell

amantidine

not effective against influenza B

73

amantidine

binds to M2 protein

amphotericin B

disrupts fungal membranes by

binding ergosterol

mifepristone

blocks binding of progesterone to

cytoplasmic receptors

ampicillin

extended spectrum penicillin used to

treat gram negatives

aztreonam

b-lactamase resistant monobactam

74

aztreonam

used only with aminoglycosides

against gram negative rods

aztreonam

cannot be used against gram

positives or anaerobic bacteria

bacitraicin

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

piperacillin

used against enterobacter and

pseudomonas

carbenicillin

used against enterobacter and

pseudomonas

75

ticarcillin

used against enterobacter and

pseudomonas

ceftriaxone

used for septic meningitis

cefixime

used to treat
gonnorhea

chloramphenicol

gray baby syndrome in babies deficient in hepatic

gluconosyltransferase

chloramphenicol

aplastic anemia

76

fludrocortisone

used in postadrenalectomy therapy

chloroquine

primary drug for acute malaria

chloroquine

disrupts hemoglobin breakdown, with toxic

accumulation of heme in RBC

clavulanic acid

beta lactamase
inhibitor

sulbactam

beta lactamase
inhibitor

77

tazobactam

beta lactamase
inhibitor

clindamycin

bacteriostatic at the 50s ribosome

clindamycin

treatment of
bacteroides

didanosine (ddI)

dose-limiting pancreatitis

lamivudine

inhibits reverse transcriptase of

hepatitis B

78

erythromycin

bacteriostatic inhibitor of 50s

erythromycin

macrolide

azithromycin

macrolide

clarithromycin

macrolide

erythromycin

GI irritation and acute cholestatic

hepatitis

79

metformin

biguanide compound

metformin

increases peripheral glycolysis

clomiphene

blocks negative feedback at the

pituitary

cosyntropin

used for diagnosis of addison's

disease

danazol

inhibitor of p450

80

danazol

used for endometriosis and fibrocystic disease of the

breast

desmopressin

selective V2 agonist

vasopression

V1 and V2 agonist

vasopressin

used to treat esophageal varices

DES

clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in

daughters

81

ethinyl estradiol/mestranol

lowers risk of coronary disease, slows osteoporosis,

ameliorates hot flashes

HRT

increased risk of breast and ovarian

cancer

zileutin

inhibits leukotriene synthesis

monteleukast

LTD4 and LTE4

antagonist

acarbose

inhibits a-galactosidase

82

bisphosphonates

esophageal ulcerations

bromocriptine

used to treat hyperprolactinemia

due to pituitary adenoma

bromocriptine

ergot alkaloid

diphenoxylate

suppress GI motility

loperamide

suppress GI motility

83

cisapride

stimulates peristalsis by release of Ach from

myenteric plexus

cisapride

long QT

magnesium hydroxide

laxative antacid

aluminum hydroxide

constipating antacid

ipecac syrup

acts to stimulate chemoreceptor

trigger zone of the medulla

84

cimetidine

gynecomastia and galactorrhea

cimetidine

p450 inhibitor

calcium carbonate

hypercalcemic alkalosis

calcium carbonate

renal calculi

bismuth subsalicylate

used with metronidazole and tetracycline for PUD

caused by h.pylori

85

warfarin

interferes with vitamin K dependent

clotting factors

alteplase

converts fibrin-bound plasminogen

to plasmin

ticlopidine

platelet antiaggregant

ticlopidine

interferes with binding of fibrin to Gp2b/3a receptor

on platelets

streptokinase

catalyzes conversion of plasminogen

to plasmin

86

fluconazole

inhibits formation of ergosterol

fluconazole

prophylaxis against cryptococcus

neoformans

fluconazole

used to treat oral candidiasis

fluoroquinolones

bactericidal inhibitor of DNA gyrase

fluoroquinolones

used for gram negative rods, some gram positives,

and neisseria

87

fluoroquinolones

bad for cartilage

sargramostim

recombinant GM-CSF

filgrastim

G-CSF

hydroxyurea

used for sickle cell crisis

hydroxyurea

increases levels of HbF

88

hydroxyurea

inhbits DNA synthesis by blocking conversion of

ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides

foscarnet

treats CMV

foscarnet

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

ganciclovir

metabolized by viral transferases

ganciclovir

requires phosphorylation by viral

kinases to work

89

ganciclovir

guanosine analog converted by CMV

to triphosphorylated form

ganciclovir

SE: neutropenia, leukopenia,

thrombocytopenia

griseofulvin

keratinized tissue

griseofulvin

ringworm

griseofulvin

binds tubulin

90

carbapenem

given with cliastatin

carbapenem

used against gram positive cocci, gram negative rods,

and anaerobes

ritonavir

inhibit protease in the HIV pol gene

isoniazid

inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

isoniazid

SE neuritis and hepatitis

91

ethambutol

TB

pyrazinamide

TB

rifampin

TB

streptomycin

TB

sulfonamides

stevens-johnson

92

ethosuxamide

stevens-johnson

lamotrigine

stevens-johnson

penicillins

erythema multiforme

barbiturates

erythema multiforme

salicylates

erythema multiforme

93

hydantoins

erythema multiforme

antimalarials

erythema multiforme

sulfonamides

G6PDH

isoniazid

G6PDH

primaquine

G6PDH

94

tetracycline

photosensitivity

amiodarone

photosensitivity

sulfonamides

photosensitivity

bethanechol

muscarinic agonist

carbachol

nicotinic and muscarinic agonist

95

ephedrine

ma-huang

phenoxybenzamine

adrenergic antagonist (alpha

receptors)

phentolamine

used in diagnosing
pheochromocytoma

ivermectin

onchocera volvulus and

strongyloides stercoralis

ivermectin

increases GABA transmission in the

worm

96

ketoconazole

interfere with fungal cell wall

synthesis

pilocarpine

treatment of glaucoma

pilocarpine

muscarinic agonist

prazosin

first dose syncope

prazosin

miosis

97

pyridostigmine

used for tubocurarine toxicity

scopolamine

competitive cholinergic antagonist

used for motion sickness

succinylcholine

muscle relaxant

succinylcholine

nicotinic agonist that opens sodium

channels

tubocurarine

nondepolarizing neuromuscular
ganglionic blockers

98

acetazolamide

inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal

convoluted tubule

acetazolamide

metabolic acidosis

acetazolamide

give to alkalinize the urine in aspirin

toxicity

amiloride

block sodium channels in the

cortical collecting tubules

amiloride

hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis

99

captopril

inhibit breakdown of bradykinin

ketamine

should be given with

benzodiazepines

gabapentin

partial seizures

ethosuxamide

inhbits T-type calcium channels

entacapone

inhibits conversion of levodopa to

3-0-methyldopa

100

HCTZ

hypokalemia, alkalosis,
hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia

captopril

functions at the collecting tubules

losartan

functions at the collecting tubules

losartan

CI in pregnancy

captopril

CI in pregnancy

101