PROPERTIES MEASUREMENT / PVT 1.0 20 INTRODUCTION The Perfect Gas Expansion Apparatus (Model: TH 11 is self-sufficient bench top unit designed to allow students familiarize with several fundamental thermodynamic processes. Demonstration of the thermodynamic processes is performed with air for safe and convenient operation GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Perfect Gas Law Apparatus is customarily designed and developed to provide students 2 comprehensive understanding of First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics and relationship between P-V-T. The Perfect Gas Expansion Apparatus enable the students fo have a good understanding in energy conservation law and the direction in which the processes proceed The Perfect Gas Expansion Apparatus comes with one pressure vessel and one vacuum vessel Both vessels are made of glass tube. The vessels are interconnected with a set of piping and valves. A large diameter pipe provides gradual or instant change. Air pump is provided to pressurize or evacuate air inside the vessels with the valves configured appropriately. The pressure and temperature inside the vessels are monitored with pressure and temperature sensors and clearly displayed by digital indicator on the control panel. With an optional automatic data acquisition system, the modem version of a classic Clement and Desormes experiment can be conducted as pressure and temperature changes can be monitored continuously with the computer. 1 | Pressure Transmitter Pressure Relief Valve Temperature Sensor Big glass Small glass Vacuum pump ElectrodeSOLTEQ*PERFECT GAS EXPANSION APPARATUS (MODEL: TH 11) 5.2. Experiment 1: Boyle's Law Experiment Objectives: To determine the relationship between pressure and volume of an ideal gas To compare the experimental results with theoretical results PRECAUTIONS: When carrying out the experiment, pump pressure level should not exceed 2 bar as excessive bressure may result in glass cylinder breaking. Experimental Procedures: 1. Perform the general start up procedures in section 5.1, Make sure all valves are fully closed ‘Switch on the compressive pump and allow the pressure inside chamber to increase up to about 150kPa. Then, switch off the pump and remove the hose from the chamber. 3. Monitor the pressure reading inside the chamber untl it stabiizes 4. Record the pressure reading for both chambers before expansion. 5 6 Fully open V 02 and allow the pressurized air flows into the atmospheric chamber. Record the pressure reading for both chambers after expansion “77 The experimental procedures can be repeated forthe flowing conditons: yo oa ge P a) __ From atmospheric chamber to vacuum chamber + Swarts Ow pup Te 7 fe at Vee b)” From pressurized chamber to vacuum chamber D - Gok ‘Coen 8 Calculate the PV value and prove the Boyles’ Law, 4PROPERTIES MEASUREMENT / PVT. 43. Experiment 2: Gay-Lussac Law Experiment Objectives: To determine the relationship between pressure and temperature of an ideal gas Experimental procedures: 1 2 3. 4 Perform the general start up procedures in section 5.1. Make sure all valves are fully closed. Connect the hose from compressive pump to pressurized chamber. Switch on the compressive pump and records the temperature for every increment of 10kPa in the chamber. Stop the pump when the pressure PT 1 reaches about 160kPa. Then, slightly open valve V Ot and allow the pressurized air to flow out. Records the temperature reading for every decrement of 10kPa. Stop the experiment when the pressure reaches atmospheric pressure. The experiment is repeated for three times to get the average value. Plot graph of pressure versus temperature, 4.4. Experiment 3: Determination of ratio of heat capacity Objectives: To determine the ratio of heat capacity Experimental procedures: Perform the general start up procedures in section 5.1. Make sure all valves are fully closed. Connect the hose from compressive pump to pressurized chamber. Switch on the compressive pump and allow the pressure inside chamber to increase until about 160kPa, Then, switch off the pump and remove the hose from the chamber. Monitor the pressure reading inside the chamber until it stabilizes. Record the pressure reading PT 1 and temperature TT 1 Fully open valve V 01 and bring it back to the closed position after few seconds, Monitor and records the pressure reading PT 1 and TTt unlit becomes stable. Determine the ratio of heat capacity and compare with the theoretical value.PROPERTIES MEASUREMENT / PVT 43. Experiment 2: Gay-Lussac Law Experiment Objectives: To determine the relationship between pressure and temperature of an ideal gas Experimental procedures: 1 2 3. 4 Perform the general start up procedures in section 5.1. Make sure all valves are fully closed. Connect the hose from compressive pump to pressurized chamber. Switch on the compressive pump and records the temperature for every increment of 10kPa in the chamber. Stop the pump when the pressure PT 1 reaches about 160kPa. “Then, slightly open valve V Ot and allow the pressurized air fo flow out. Records the temperature reading for every decrement of 10kPa. Stop the experiment when the pressure reaches atmospheric pressure. The experiment is repeated for three times to get the average value. Plot graph of pressure versus temperature, 4.4. Experiment 3: Determination of ratio of heat capacity Objectives: To determine the ratio of heat capacity Experimental procedures: Perform the general startup procedures in section 5.1. Make sure all valves are fully closed Connect the hose from compressive pump to pressurized chamber. Switch on the compressive pump and allow the pressure inside chamber to increase untl bout 160kPa, Then, switch off the pump and remove the hose from the chamber. Monitor the pressure reading inside the chamber unti it stabilizes. Record the pressure reading PT 1 and temperature TT 1 Fully open valve V 01 and bring it back to the closed position after few seconds. Monitor and records the pressure reading PT ‘ and TT1 untlit becomes stable Determine the ratio of heat capacity and compare with the theoretical valueEXPERIMENT 1: Boyle's Law Experiment I | Before expansion ‘After expansion | PTT (Pa abs) | | PT2 (ia abs) EXPERIMENT 2: Gay-Lussac Law Experiment | Trial t Trial 2 Trials Pressure Temperature (“C) Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) (kPa abs) Pressurise | Depressurise | Pressurise | Depressurise | Pressurise | Depressurise vessel vessel vessel vessel vessel vessel 110 120 [0 | 140 160 | 160 EXPERIMENT —Isentropic Expansion Process Before expansion ‘fer expansion PT 1 (kPa abs) TT1(°C)