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701
5620504271
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701
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701

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2559


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..


6
Down Syndrome
8

10
(congenital heart disease)
11
(Anencephaly)
13
(hydrocephalus)
14
(Duchene
muscular dystrophy, DMD)
16

18

1
1
2
5

 3 (single gene defect)

3
4 (fetal alcohol syndrome)
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
7
9
8
10
21

11
9
12
10
13
11

14
13

15
15


16

16


(congenital anomalies)

1.
1.1
23 46
(autosome) 22
(sex chromosome)
2 (XX) (XY)

2 3
2 13 13 (trisomy
13)

 21 (trisomy 21)
(Down's syndrome)



(turner
syndrome)


(XO)

1.2
2

 2 5

2.
23

(DNA)

2.1 (single
gene defect)
(Mendelian inheritance)


(dominant) (recessive)
4

 (carrier)

2

(autosomal
dominant) (autosomal
recessive)
()
(polydactyly)


50





25

50
25

(X-linked recessive)
(hemophilia)

(sex- linked dominant)

 3 (single gene defect)

2.2 (polygenic)

(mulifactorial inheritance)


(anencephaly) (clubfoot)
(congenital dislocation ofthe hip)

3.

3.1






3.2
(thalidomide)



(antimetabolites)


"" (fetal alcohol
syndrome) 5



(hydantoin)



(nicotine) (cotinine)

4 (fetal alcohol syndrome)

3.3




3.3.1
3

8-10

(cytomegalovirus)


3.3.2 (syphills)

3.3.3 (toxoplasmosis)



3.4

(riboflavin)
(pantothenic acid) (folic acid)


3.5





3.6

3


6

3.7

3.8

3.9

1-3



3



7

1.




1

() 40

1.
2.
3.

4.


1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

1.

2.

3.
3

2. Down Syndrome

47
46 1

21 1 Trisomy 21

1.

 (Simian line)

(Hyperextensive Joint)

2.

3.
(IQ)

1.

35
2.

3.

4.

10 21

11

3.


/

2 4

1. 3
2. 9 12
3. 4 6

4. 8 10
5. 14 16

12

4. (congenital heart
disease)


5-8 1,000

 13

30
8
(Down syndrome) 3

1. (Cyanosis)

2.

3.



4.


5.

6.

7.

2



3

4



1. -

2.

3.

4.
5.

1.







2. 2
(Palliative
surgery)

(Corrective surgery)



3.

5. (Anencephaly)


(Neural Tube Defect)

14

1.
2. Folic acid

3.

3
4.

(
)
()

Folic acid


Folic acid 0.4 4

1-3
3-4



2-3 1

6.
(hydrocephalus)

15

1.
2.
3.

7. (Duchene
muscular dystrophy, DMD)


X

16

1.
2.

1.

2. 3-4

4-5
3.

4. (Calf hypertro phy)

(Scoliosis)
5.
6.25%

10-20 18-25

50%


,
,
,

(Cortiosteroid)


[1]

[]. :
http://medinfo2.psu.ac.th/cleftcenter/sara5.htm
[2] [].
: http://www.fsh.mi.th/km/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/005.pdf
[3]

, haamor.com []. :
http://baby.kapook.com/view95267.html
[4] (Congenital anomalies).
,
[]. https://www.google.co.th (7
2559).
[5] .
(congenital heart disease).
[].
:http://theworldmedicalcenter.com/th/new_site/healt
h_article/detail/74 (8 2559)
[6] .. .
. [].


http://www.ns.mahidol.ac.th/english/th/ns_academic/56/
04/Heart_disease.html
(8 2559)
[7] . []. :
http://thaihealthlife.com/ / (8
2559)
[8] .
.
. [].:
http://drchawtoo.com/2014/10/18/anencephaly/ (8
2559)
[9] . [
].:
http://www.rakluke.com/article/3/4/1319/-
(8 2559)

[10] .. .

. [].:
http://www.fsh.mi.th/km/wpcontent/uploads/2014/09/005.pdf (8 2559)
[11]
(HYDROCEPHALUS). [].
: http://www.mamaexpert.com/posts/content322 (8 2559)
[12] (Hydrocephalus). [
]. :

http://www.maerakluke.com/topics/1707 (8
2559)
[13]
(). [
]. : http://www.thaihealth.or.th/
/ (8 2559)
[14] . [
]. : http://www.haamor.com/th/
(8 2559)