The topic of the passage and the lecture talks about the side effects of those who practice

altruistic behaviors, and what they gain in exchange by doing it. Some examples from the
lecture have been pointed out as opposing examples to the passage, therefore, the lecture
explicitly refute the passage in some points.
First, the passage claims that in a group of meerkats. Those who are employed to guard, are
most likely to practice altruistic behavior, thus, when they stand guarding while the others are
eating, they benefit nothing from this act. In fact, when they see a predator coming they give a
cry alarm to alert the others to go seek for shelters, in contrast, the lecture refutes this point by
claiming that when a sentinel is guarding, its stomach is already full and when it sees a predator
coming it will be the first one who run away. In addition, the lecture claims that this alarm cry
might cause the group who are eating at high risk.
Second, the passage claims that when humans are practicing altruistic acts, they gain nothing in
exchange or least reward, however the lecture refutes that claim by saying that when someone
gives a kidney to a relative or even a total stranger, they will be appreciated from both strangers
and society.
In conclusion, at first glance, the argument in the reading passage seems to be somewhat
convincing. However, based on the evidences that the lecturer provided, the lecturer refutes the
points made in the reading.