|
=} Q xW

}Ov=

nvyQi

55 =D 39 "XY '1379 R}}=B

25 x- Q=tW

*\rDNt R}r=v QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w =y} QwO

*
w h== }"w"Q v

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU

O =Umr

|UOvy Ci=}yQ QO |U=U= |=yQ=R@= R= |m} OW=@ =OQw=v =yDW=ov R= |=xOQ x@ C@Uv xm |QwO l} uDN=U
Q |tQ@ 2u=t} Q x@ |DL w 1u}qm x@ u -xO}=

s}y=wN Q_v QO =Q |}=y} QwO xr=kt u}= QO

=@

|O

OaDt

=y} QwO

"

OvW=@

= \rDNt

=tt

Q}oxR=Ov= |=Q@ |=xr}Uw u=wva x@

? 

|wQ

| y

= i

" yO

s} Q}o Q=m@ xv}tN

= xv}tN CN} Qt=tD wU

=OQw v

xm |=xw}W u=ty x@ 'OvwW|t |W=v

|t xH}Dv

=Q T

=tt

=ytN pw] h} QaD

Qr=mU= ?Q
w

f(p v) x

= = i

| y

=}U@

uDiQo xR}ov= =@

" } Q= o

P |t Q=vm

f(p v) =

Q \ki

xm

=Q

Q@

R=

=yv

OaD

s}vm h} QaD

@ =Q

|oDUw}B

\ W

C}Y=N u}=

|wQ

|v=t} Q l} QDt

=t} Q OwtvyQ
=tt

QO T

=v@t Q@ xv}tN

'u

u |

M=
v 2 Tp (M) p 2 M
=tt |=y= i

@ =Q T

" vQ=O O Hw

l} xv}tN l}

?U=vt `@=D l}

"

=yDW=ov x@ C@Uv xm CiQo

R= |O=

|wQ |QwO

|wQ

Ovm|t C}=aQ |@U=vt pmW x@

QO

"

"

`@=wD

wO |

s}v=wD|t w s} Q}o|t Q_v

|= @ =Q u

Q s}y=wN Q=m

m O m

OQ= t R= |Q

|= @

Tp (M) =

|wQ

xv}tN

=Q

l} x@ xDU@=w `@=D u}= xm s} Q=Ov Q=QY=

=@ CQwY u}= QO 's}yO V}=tv

CU= C=}=} Q

"OO o

Q}B =@

R= |w

|wQ |QwO

\rDNt xv}t
N Qo =
x@

|=R=

|ivt=v |a@=wD

v t

w x@ xDU@ \rDNt =} |k}kL

= Q =mU==Q

QWt O}t=v s}y=wN l} QDt l}

=Q

| y r

v p x C@U Q_
f(p v) ` = | =t
w

@ D '

O = |rN=O

OQ t

\w

l} ,=D}=yv

" W @

f(p v) Ov =

|y=o =t= 'CU= xDUw}B

| yQ=O @ p ]

w `@=D

v OQ t

}Q

Cr=L

R=

*) Alexander V. Isaev and Steven G. Krantz, Invariant Distances and Metrics in Complex
Analysis, Notices of the AMS, 47(May 2000),546-553.
CU | =W
C xD Q Qy ARC
w
C =} QD |r =oW
| = QoW S
R
O =Um
Alexander.Isaev@anu.edu.au C u}v
l} QDm
l} QDm CU | =W C | w u
uDov}
=oW
=D
(Notices) xrH xDU =D Q TD Q
w}D
DMS-9531967 =t x NSF |W S Q
x =k u
Q
sk@math.wustl.edu C u}v
C xD Q Qy R} DMS-9631359
1) Klein 2) Riemann
B

"

U=

i o x

TQ @ R= w

U=

r= U=

t x

v=O QO

"

vw

r=

xQ

"

U=
@

} r

U QO

W=w x

yw B K ] wO R=

*
yw B h== }

 }Q

v=O O U= w
r

39

}= |= @

U=

J |w

t -

*
@=w Q U= } w

"

U=

i o x

"

v= m

"w Q v

U=

r

vw

r=

"G u

J |w

\rDNt R}r=v

f(p v) Q
Q f `=

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

ErFt |w=Ut=v

|= @ =Q

s )
v =Q

=y} QwO

40

Cio s}y=wN l} QDt x@W =Q

"

Q Q ErFt |w=Ut=v Qo = =t=

|rm Cr=L QO xvQow 'ODi=

Q s}y=wNv p}tLD 'CU= C@=F

@ D O @ Q= k @

&O m

px

vx

|t=ovy

=iD=

v=0

C@Uv

O}t=v s}y=wN sQ)v x@W =}

"

s}y=wN |v=t} Q
Q

Qo =

? 

sy Q@

"

wtat j@]

O}t=v s}y=wN

=Q

l} QDt

1 |D}tQy

=Q

CQ Y

u}=

l} QDt

CQ Y

QO 'O W

u}=

|W=v |rN=O

?  R= p ]

O = |D}tQy |rN=O

QO ' W @

x@ Q = xm |vat u}= x@ Ovm Q=DiQ |UO}rk= l} QDt l} Ovv=t ,=@} QkD EL@

2 - D t D

|rN=O ?Q xvwo I}y Qo = 'Qo}O |wU R=

"

Cio s}y=wN

*
m =Q

Qry

`@=D Qo =

? 

Qo =

O}t=v

"

w |D}tQy pN=O

OQ t

l} QDt CQwY u}= QO OvW=@ j@]vt

s}y=wN 3 |QrUv}i =Q l} QDt CQwY u}= QO 'OW=@ xOW h} QaD Q=OQ@ pw] swyit \ki w 'OW=@ xDW=Ov OwHw
O}t=v

"

= Q}e s}=xOQm KQ]t =Hv}= =t xm |WwQ =@ '|D}tQy xS=w

u=oOvv=wN R= |NQ@ |=Q@ CU= umtt xm =Hv R=
-

|O a

l}

u=

wva x@

=Q C

Qo =

|t |L}wD

=@

QO =Q

" } Qw

|rN=O

? 

hz wi =
Q

|rN=O

?  =Q

u}=

QO

? 

s Q}o@ Q_v

" }

QO

u}=

s Q

=m@

" } @ Q

2n u=ty
R

n
=Q C

QO

Cr=L

xO
- U

n
X
j =1

QO u u W

uWwQ

xm CU= |a}@] 's} Q}o@ Q_v

Q O Q Q_v x@

|= @ ' U @
QO

\rDNt

= i

zj wj :

w = (w1   wn) z = (z1   zn )

w

n
"s}t=v|t C

s}r}=t |y=o =t=

zj = xj + iyj  (xj  yj ) wj = (uj + ivj )  (uj  vj )

w

wtat

O =D

|wQ x v U=

|D}tQy |rN=O

=UD x@ xHwD =@

| y|w

|= @

CQ Y

s}U} wv|t u}vJ

z = (z1  . . .  zn)  (x1 y1  . . .  xn yn) w = (w1  . . .  wn)  (u1  v1 . . .  un vn)
w

z:w =
q@k xm CU=

hz wi |D} Q

t y

n
X
j =1

CU= pwtat Q} R |rN=O

? 

\}=QW u}=

xj uj + yj vj :

|rN=O ?Q u=ty |k}kL CtUk |k}kL |rN=O ?Q u}= xm O}vm xHwD
O

" W
*
xv}t
N l} |k}k
L T=tt |= i
-

hYv

"

|iQat

OvDUy \rDNt |=yxv}tN xr=kt u}= QO xOW KQ]t |=yxv}tN xt

- y

"

Oa@ xD@r= xm CiQo \rDNt

p}Uv=Qi}O =Pr

QO

= i l}

|Q=O @ |

s}vm|t x=ov O}O u}= =@

=Q T

=tt
"

=aDt Qw]x@

hQ

= i 'EL@ xt
- y

QO

w |t

u= D
"

=Q

x]kv l}

CU= |k}kL

=tt

QO

\rDNt

= i Oa@

CU= \rDNt |]N CW=ov l} 'CN} Qt=tD CW=ov l}

1) Hermitian 2) Kahlerian 3) Finslerian

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

41

hrDNt -xv}tR GvB QO

CU= ?U=vt OQ@ Q=m l} |=Q@ |QwO Qy xm s}vm C@=F s} Q=O OYk xr=kt u}= QO

'

"

O = Ov=wD|t xvwoJ =yOQ@ Q=m u}=

" W @

xm
- }

X k |wQ w=

" }=xQ

R=

|NQ@ xm s}vm uWwQ OQm s}y=wN |aU

=mv=wB uw}Ot

xv}tR u}=

'=Q

xH}Dv u}DUNv

QO

 := fz 2 : jz j < g
C

 T Ot

CiQo Q_vQO 'CU=OQw=v

q}O@D ?ULQ@ xm

y C

=Q

Q} R

|QwO '

\rDNt xLi
Y
-

+ j z ;w j

(z w) := ln ; j 1z;;zww j
1;zw
Q

Q]t

"O m K

s Q}o@ Q_v

% }

QO

|mUiJ=@ wr x-UOvy

w |t xDWwv Q} R pmW x@ |DvU

()
1

x wtv

R= |= v

=y} Q=PoO=tv =@ xm

QO 'O W

QO

dz
P(z) := ( dz
; jz j2)2 :
w | z x]k
 Q =t v

wva x@

=Q |QwO

|D}tQy l} QDt

u=
=Q

QO

u}= xQ=mv=wB

Q x@U=Lt Q} R pmW x@

O m

=Q

p ] u= D

t '

v QO

@ T

Q l}

Q=O @

x@

|=R=

j:j

CU= |UO}rk= pw] u=ty

%

(z v) := ;jvjjz j2
|va
C

=kv

|wQ

|=R=

x@ xm CU=

=@

u CQ a

wty sN Qy

Q=

s}vm|t h} QaD u}vJ =Q

|=R=

j jp

x@

u}=

Ovm|t pYw

j jp :=
u}O@
"OQw

"

s}vm|t h} QaD |}=ytN u}vJ xt

- y

CUO x@ p l} QDt ?UL Q@

"

U=

=tt

Z1
0

Q l}D}=yv}@

x@

=Q

p x]k
-

(inf) u} =

w |t xO}O R}v

| yQ=O @ p ] |

Qo}O

xm CU= xOW

Q u} QDnQR@

} B u= m

Q}oxR=Ov= =@

CW=O Oy=wN =Q C}ty= p=tm =t |=Q@ jwi -x]@=Q 'O}O s}y=wN =Q p w

"O W

(p q)

p xm

xH}Dv

p q 2 
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|QwO '

QDt=Q=B

0 1

xR @
-

((t)  0 (t))dt

"

s}vm h} QaD

|wQ R=

*
CQ Y

=yrw]

xm 
2

|QwO |= @

q x]k

QO

()

O |t CUOx@ Q} R pmW x@ p `@=D

u QO

% }

p ] '

u}=

CQ Y

Ovm|t h} QaD

|QwO '





w |t =Q

u= D

` w

q= p


=Q

R= |QwO

|wQ

TBU

|QwO '

?}DQD

@= D R=

|}=yt}taD xm p}P ?r=]t QO

=mv=wB

|QwO

=Q xQ

xm

1 Q

wDUO

QO

~(z w) =  z;;zww :

1

OvyO|t
Q

KW

~ x

l}Uqm uwDt QO xm |t=v

"

CU=

Oa@ xm =y} QwOx@W =@ xm O}W=@ QPLQ@ =t=

1) Lobachevskii geometry

|QwO

`@=D l}

Gar] x



~ x
w

Q x_Lqt

m O m

@ O W ` HQ

CU=

"

w |t 'CQwY u}=

u= D

w w P x@W

| r r y

QO

|QwO

\rDNt R}r=v

u}=

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

O =

x@ xm}

QO ' W @ VO N

=y} QwO

42

Q

|y=wNrO CN} Qt=tD CW=ov

X k R=

wWv x=@DW=

o=

'O=O

s}y=wN

CW=O s}y=wN

CQ Y

"O

~((z) (w)) 6
~(z w)

()
3

* }Oty |=OQw=v xNUv OwN x@ wv x@ sy u xm OwW|t xH}Dv 1l}BTDQ=wW sr R= |w=Ut=v u}=

l}Uqm sr T
-

CU= TDQ=wW

"

CN} Qs=tD |DN} QOwN l}

=Ut=v

=Q 3 |w

CQ Y

u}=

Q

o=

~ l QD

waY=v

" v=|O

O = CN} Qt=tD

QO ' W @

x@ C@Uv CN} Qt=tD `@=wD pmW u}O@

 :  !  |va
Q =m ;1 Q 

=WwB l} x@ l}

xm CiQo xH}Dv

O =

} ' W @ X k

w O @ Q

|= @ w

w |t

|= @ u= D

~((z) (w) =
~(z w):
s}vm xQ=mv=wB l} QDt Q=DiQo =Q OwN =QJ 'OW=@ xDW=O |@ wr]t |}=OQw=v |=y}oS} w |wrwrPyx@W |QwO Qo =
x@

w}@ wt

"T

x@

q}O@D |NQ@

R=

 |DN

=Q

=tt

=tt

?} QkD =@

l} x=ov

O=

ODt=

Q CN} Qt=tD

z w 2  Q
Cio

o=

%
m

|tUk x@

Q ?UL Q@ xm

R=

|D@=F

Q}o|t =H

#O

'OQw

UO @

CUOx@

=Q

|UQQ@

=}

Gar] x

pN=O

@ T

w w P x@W

O Qy

s= m

|= @ w

w w P x@W

~ x

=tt

=mv=wB l} QDt

O w |t

Aut(M) = f : M ! M j C

wUwO

= w

"

QO ? 

CU}v

p= -U ?= H

" }OQw

"

CUOx@ p

=v@t xH}Dv

xQ

=mv=wB

w |t

=y}DN} QOwN

Q Ov@ty xr=kt u}=

R=

QO

EL@

\ @ t

'p L

=yr=Ft u=}t

?mQt

w Q

QO w O W

Q R}=tDt s}taD GvB

OaDt

|wQ R= =Q

|= @

|O

=OQw v

Q}oxR=Ov= =@ xm CU= umtt

R=

"O m

Aut(M)
w

xw o

= xv}tN

OQ t | y

g:

l} x@ l} 'CN} Qt=tD

1) Schwarz-Pick Lemma

|@ wN x@ sy l}B=v}rv=wv |@=}vwQO =@ xm CU= C}ty= R=L R}v Q_v u}=

xm CU= xvwoJ TB

|QwO

Z i

U W B w

w z

l} x=ov 'OvW=@

=tt O=ODt= R= |OOa |@ Q t

| yQ=O @ p ] |

Qmi 'OvQovWwQ xwkr=@ xm

" v W

CU= u}=

xQ

Qit \rDNt xv}t

N CN} Qt=tD
QO

|tUk

R}J l} QDt u}= xD@r= w 'OW=@

hYw u}==@

Zw

=Hv}=

(z) = w x

|QwO '

s}yO|t x=Q=

|wQ =Q O N

q}O@D u}=

"

} QO N

QO | r r y

y R=

Q

| r r y

s}vm u=}@ pmW u}=

|v=t} Q l} QDt l} \ki 'Qr=mU= l}

=mv=wB l} QDt RH

wD@ |k} Q] x@

xm s}vm|t RmQtDt |}=yv

xt
- y OvDUy O}it

"

=Q w x

V}@ `k=wQO

O}vm `wHQ CU= `@=wD l}Uqm |UOvy x-} Q_v

Q = l}

u @ O @Q m
QO

}Q

u=

l}BTDQ=wW sr x@ |a}@] Qw] x@

s}y=wN

Ovm|t

"

xQ

O |t C x | =t l QD I}

% }

QO

xJv x@=Wt

Q t ,=trUt

OUQ|t Q_v x@ xm

X k QO }= D Q ] @ C

 |DN
p O@ 

CU}v

R=

OQ=O O Hw

OQ=O O Hw X k |wQ
"

Q}e `k=w

w |t sy u}=

u= D

R=

xw o

O |t CUO x@ Q} R syt xH}D

v ?r]t u}= R=
xw o

=y}DN} QOwN

Ovvm|t pta

o=

% }

=y}DN} QOwN

l} QDt

|D=@U=Lt |oO}J}B Q_v

QO 

X k

'

 Q
 (z) = w x

ODt= ?}DQD x@

| yO=

Q = K]U

#OQ=O Q= k | Dq @

CU= pmWDt xm}

} QO N

xR H=

OQ=O O Hw

QO T

x@

O}yO

=Q p= -U ?= H

w w P x@W

R= | r r y

|QwO '

u}YYNDt x=oO}O

CU= xkw] QwyW x =Ut T=U= |@=}vwQO u}=

t - r-

R=

2

CU= Q=oR=U

CN} Qt=tD CW=ov l}

s} Q}o|t R=@xOQWi
x@

=Q

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

43

Aut(M)

uwQ=w

www

|S r B D =Q

CU=

Aut(M)

w |t '=yxv}tN

u= D

x} k x@ OwW|t XNWt

2 -

Aut(M) x

Q l} '=yDW=ov ?}mQD |}=DwO pta =@

xw o

www

=OQw v |QwO

|NQ@

j} Q]

R=

QO

O}vm xHwD

CU= CN} Qt=tD OwN x@ OwN 'l} x@ l}

|wQ |S r B D

| yxOQ R=

"

= |t l} SwrwB wD

"OR U

=yxOQ u}=

R=

|m}

Q l}

xw o

Aut(M)

Q RyHt R}v |r

"O m

xm

R=

=D =

xw o Q N U

"O W

xaH=Qt p}P

wD=Q=m |QwO x@W

|QwO

w |t xOv=wN

"O W

= x@ uwvm =

w= s v

OW |iQat 1 |QwOwD=Q=m \UwD

p q 2 M

s}yO Q=Qk

"

EL@OQwt

1926 p U QO

OW=@ \rDNt xv}t

N l}
-

|QwO

x@W

M s}v

m Z i

CM (p q) := sup
(f(p) f(q))

()
4

CU= xOW xDiQo xm}

Q

xO @

M f : M !  CN Q =t


=t CM pt

Q x@

X k

pN=O x@ xm CU=

R=

} t

|wQ

|QwO u

'

=yDW=ov xt
- y

D |

a QO

CU=

"

|wQ s

wDUO

1 Q

"1

wD=Q=m

|QwO

Ovm|t

j Y

p q r 2 M Q

x@W uDN=U

|QwO

Q Q} R \}=QW

y |= @

QO

"1

wt} QB wU

u QO

=mv=wB

xQ
-

|QwO

pmW CU= xOW

pmW

|va} CU=

|QwO

x@W l} ,=ak=w

CM

`@=D

CM (p q) > (i)

CM (p p) = (ii)
CM (p q) = CM (q p) (iii)
CM (p q) 6 CM (p r) + CM (r q) (iv)
0

1) Caratheodory

xm

\rDNt R}r=v

=y} QwO

CM (p q) = x |tU x O =
C =
w | xH}D l} T w s

qFt

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

"

"

O W

x@

v '

B

|DW=ov

p 6= q C
= xm
Q
Q CM
w

xDW=O OwHw

W @

DQ= W

CU=OQw=v 'CN} Qt=tD wUwO

44

=iDU=

r R= xO

@ '

=yDW=ov ?UL

f : M1 ! M2 Q QDk} w
p q 2 M1 Q
o= '

kO Q ]

'

x@

CU=

|QwO

CCn

Qo}O |wU R=

D=Q m |QwO

wa =

Q =ov 'OW=@

y |= @ x

M2 M1 \rDN
w

"

x@W xm OQm C@=F

Y v 'CN} Qt=tD |=yDW=ov

|O

l} =t=

|QwO

} X k OQ t QO '

"

umtt |va} 'CU}v

U=

w |t

u= D

?ULQ@

qa

'xw

= xv}tN u}@ CN} Qt=tD

t | y

CM (f(p) f(q)) 6 CM (p q):

2

CM x EL xH}D
s xD Q
O
=m w
= 
= xr = =Hv xD@ O
wa =  x M CN Q =t
Q u QD R dI (p q) w_v x O = Q Q dI (p q)= d(p q) Q s} w |r
d x@ l
 :   ] ! M s l w w x w x Ovv | p q x p x C | =yt xt =y w u} =
Pk d((ti;1) (ti )) st Q w pm x
= t0 < t1 < . . . < tk = = Q xt
i=1
s xD Q Q_
 ] = Q
x M M
|D =o wv x CM Ov Q
CU} |r
wta CM
w = x@
Ov |t =k
M w w w wta O =
l x |D =
|D = C xD w}
x@
w | p x]k
M Q =t v 2 Tp (M) Q l p 2 M x]k l
x
=yDW=ov CLD xm CU=

" }=

u= m

i o xR= v= xQ

=y} QwO x@W xt

- y u}@

|wQ |

v= B |QwO @ =Q

oQ @

R= Q

0 1

|wQ | y

Y i

m ' W @ @= @

} p ] O N -@ v

|QwO
}=

x@W u} QDmJwm

r= ' v=|O

"

o=

Yw

Y v

} o

@ =Q

m u

R=

|QwO

N - y |

U=

R=

"

|QwO

W u= D

t '

v u=

|S r B D ,q

r= =Q

v QO

@ T

"

N=O ,q

t ' W @ |QwO

Q=O @

i o

v QO

|QwO

r L QO

} w

2 QO

xm CU= u=ty p

|D}tQy l} QDt x@W l

I
xOW =kr= C
M
|O
'

 xm
-

CU=

M Q T(M)
@

|rN=O |QwO x@W |=Q@ l}D}=yv}

} X k OQ t QO

=yDW=ov CLD cM l} QDt x@W

QO

CU= xm}

"

1 T=tt

l} cM

`k=w

x]@=Q Ovv=t

4 -

*
@ CQ Y

waY=v 'CN} Qt=tD

"

=yDW=ov xt
- y

|wQ

c

=Ut=v |vat x@ CU=

|O

U=

QrUv}i

=Q |

st} QB wU

u QO

Q x@W l} cM `@=D

QrUv}i |QwO x@W

CU= xDUw}B

T(M)

" W

w |tv pY=L

"O W

|wQ w

CU=

Q l}BTDQ=wW pwtat sr s}taD Q}N= smL

X k |= @

xm

CM
"

R=

CU=

x@ OwW `wHQ s} Q=O

(z v) = p(z v) = ;jvjjz j2

1

waY=v

 :  !  CN Q =t =yD
j0(z)j 6
; j(z)j2
; jz j2
} t

1) tangent bundle

xR
- @ |= @

|Q D QO s v

%2

|w

@ =Q

w |t xDiQo

wtat

(p v) := sup p(f(p) df(p)v)

w O W

} R= ,q

} B

} |=R=

Q h} QaD Q} R pmW x@

h} QaD

r ]

D=Q m

L t= '

0 1

%O m

cM

} B U

" }=

} t

N=O =Q

1 | yR= i= - y |wQ

'R

@ -

D |

=ov ?ULQ@ c xm |oS} w u}=

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

45

CU= l}BTDQ=wW sr l}D}=yv}@ xNU

v xm CU=
-

"

CM s

= CW=ov xa
- r=]t CyH QO 'OvwQ Q=m x@ =yxv}tN x
- UOvy xa
- r=]t |=Q@ xm u R= V}@ cM sy w

| y

=yDW=ov

CyH

lQO

QO

cM

CM

OO

Q =

QtW s}y=wNQ@

"O

u}vJsy
xO

OvDUy

wwP

"

QWi CtUk

OvDUy OvtOwU =yxv}tN u}@ CN} Qs=tD

R= |=x } a | yO @ Q m

"
=Q

=yv

R=

|NQ@ =t xm

0
'M u |v=yH VWwB |wQ x=oQy s}t=v |wrwrPyC =Q M

I0
x@ |QwO l} CM

| r r y

= xv}tN

| y

Qo = 'Ovm pta

GQ N

QO

OQ

= xvt=O

QO Q= v= m | y

xv=O=R xm xDUw}B=v xwQo l} Q@

=F

'p t u=

wva x@

wwP

| r r y

M1

|wQ

-C xv}t
-

xO
-

QWi \rDNt -xv}tN l}

l} CN} Qt=tD wU wO |=y}DN} QOwN xwQo xS} w x@

O = |vat s=tD

O Q xv

l} CtUk

"OQ=O O Hw

|O=

M2

R=

w |t OQ}PB|t \rDNt Q=DN=U l} 'R=@xOQWi |SwrwB wD =@

u= D

wwP

| r r y

=iDU= =@

R= xO

s Q}o@ Q_v

XNWt

QO =Q

"

x}

C \rDN

wwP

Q l}

xw o

QWi

'xO

x} =@ Q

D=Qw=1 -

Hol(M1  M2 ) s}

|t

k C

F= K ]

s}yO|t V}=tv

v=O

"

CiQo Q_vQO QrwtN}D |= i `wv l} x-OvyO p}mWD x-rRvt x@ =Q =yDW=ov Q=Owtv

"

"
" }

CN} Qt=tD |=yDW=ov xt

- y x
- awtHt

=ov 'OW=@

| r r y

CU= |y=vDt

@ =Q

GQ N

OaD \ki"1

"

Hol(M1  M2 ) = M2 x M1

wwP

| r r y

CN} Qt=tD CW=ov |y=vDt

R=

CN} Qt=tD

" W @

Q= v= m - t=O

CU=

xv}tN l}

OQ=O O Hw

\rDNt xv}t
N l}
-

"

=WwB CN} Qt=tD

f(M1 ) = M2 x

- rO

CU=

=yDW=ov xt
- y

=at =@

CU=

= }R

Hol(M1  M2 ) x
=W w | M2
w
? Q S  Hol(M1  M2 ) x wtH
=
Hol(M1  M2) \rDN xv}t Q l S x wtH

QWi

xO

m O=O u

R=

v u= D

m t

-a

t -

*
uO @

t '

t p L

N }R

-a

|va}

w |t

'O W

S = ff 2 Hol(M1  M2 ) j f(M1 ) = M2 g
CU= |m}vmD OL

"

R=

CU= |y=vDt

dimS = x C
C
QW S x =H

V}@ CtUk u}= |rw

Sx

w |t swrat

m O W

U= xO

=@

U= u C F= T U=

v R=

CU}v =Hv}=

"

"

CU=

QO u

QWi =Pr

EL@ p=Ht

xO

|W=}=@ wm |QwO x@W

M

\rDNt xv}t
N l}
pmW x@

=kv

s}vm

Z i

Q x=Q=

"O m

x@
x@

3 |W=}=@ wm

=Q

|W=}=@ wm x@ swUwt

x@

R=

Q}=wO Q}HvR l}

v R= |= a

"

2) Teichmuller space

x@W

3) Kobayashi

W @

t '

R=

2

1) URATA

|QwO

p q 2 M O =
 =k
x wtH p = p0  p1 . . .  pk = q
f1  . . .  fk pm x M x  CN Q =t =yD =o
pm
jQ Q
q

x wtHt Q@ CU= ptDWt

R= |= a

a1  b1 . . .  ak  bk pm
fj (bj ) = pj fj (aj ) = pj ;1 x |tU
x wtHt

R= |= a

1967 QO

} t

W

D |
"

y |= @

\rDNt R}r=v

xQ

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

=mv=wB |QwO

xm CU=

u QO

=y} QwO

46

l() =
(a1  b1)+ +
(ak  bk ) `t

"

|W=}=@ wm

x@W uDN=U

|QwO

CU= xOW h} QaD

"2

x]
- @= =@

pY=L

 Q}H

vR

l} pw]

x]@=Q

QO

xm CU=

1 -

pmW

=Q

KM |

== w

x@W uwvm =

W } @ m |QwO

KM (p q) := inf
l()

w |t xDiQo

"O W

=@

x@W

|QwO
R=

KCn

OQ t QO
"

"

qx p
@

R=

Q}=wO

()
5

= Q}HvR xt
- y

| y

qFt CU}v |QwO l} ,qwtat |rw CU=

0,

|wQ

st}iv}= xm s}vm|t h} QaD

x@W l} ,=ak=w

|QwO

KM ` =

@ D

CU= |OwaY=v CN} Qt=tD |=yDW=ov ?UL Q@ |rm Cr=L QO w 'OQ=Ov jQi 1 xQ=mv=wB |QwO

CN} Qt=tD

xv}t
N Qy |=Q@
-

=yDW=ov ?ULQ@ xm CU=

s Q}o@ Q_v

" }

=mv=wB |QwO

QO xQ

|wQ |

=Q

=y} QwOx@W xt
- y u}@

|wQ |QwO

|QwO

x@W u} QDoQR@ |W=}=@ wm

xm u \QW x@ 'OvDUy

s} Q=O

CM (p q) 6 KM (p q):

'|QwO

wD=Q=m

=kr=

=Q

x@W

www

"

=ov 'OW=@

CU=

w | qFt

u= D

l}

R x@

KM

wwP

\rDNt

= xvt=O

| y

wwP

= i

|QwO

O Q xv

QO Q= v= m - t=O

|a@=D u=wva x@ |W=}=@ wm

CU= |rN=O

l}
Qy

R=
"

KM

|QwO

wty |W=}=@ wm

xQ=

-C xv}t
-

Qy xS} w x@

=yDW=ov ?UL Q@

wO |

u}= =@ |rw 'OvDU}v CN} Qt=tD wUwO CN} Qm}

x@W

|QwO

Q xm |]rDNt xv}t
N
-

wwP

M \rDN

u |= @

w | r r y

w |t ^iL CN} Qt=tD wU

"O W

" v=| r r y O Hw

M M

Qo = xS} w x@

w w P xv}tN 'OW=@ Q=}a s=tD

| r r y '

|QwO

| r r y -

OvQ=O OwHw |v=Qm}@

t ,

|S r B D x

O}t=v |W=}=@ wm 

|oS} w

qN Q@ w CU= xDUw}B

|QwO

M x

waY=v

|O

x@W

Ovm|t

"

w |t

"O W

wwP

'uO @ | r r y

O Q xv

'Q= v= m - t=O

I}y =@ xm

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

47

xv
- t=O xm

V := f(z1  z2 ) 2

CU}v

wwP

-C xv}t V

| r r y

QrUv}i

x@W =@

|QwO

fM

=kv xt
- y

Ovvm|t

'

"

R=

} t

j Y

Ovm|tv

|FrFt
"

=Ut=v

|w

CU=

QO

QO

D |

|W=}=@ wm

x@

R=

"

x@W

|QwO

|wQ =Q

xm

\ W QO

Q xmv

=tDL=

I}y =@ =t= CU=

CU= 2

pkDUt

R=

|r=Ft \ki Q} R x}
k
-

wwP

| r r y

Q@ Q=Ov=Qm

*
Q l}D}=yv}@ CQ
wY l}

|= @

st}iv}= =Hv}=

u 2 Tz ()

QO

=tt

xm

u \ W

Q xt

=yDW=ov ?UL Q@ fM l}D}=yv}@

V}B R}v fM

R=

KM

'|QwO

wD=Q=m

O xDiQ Q=mx@ =yxv}tN u}@ CN} Qt=tD

QO

= O = xDW=O

xR D ' W @

s Q@@ s=v

QDW}@ OQ@ Q=m Qo}O

|t Q=m@

" }

OwQ

x@ OQm x=Q=

| yQ=O @ - y w

" v=

= xv}tR xt
- y s}y=wNv xm CU= |Dkw u}=
Q = u}=

=ov xt
- y

|= @

| y

=Q O @ Q m

O Q xv

QO Q= v= m - t=O

fM |va} CU}v sQv x@W cM Ovv=t fM |rm Cr=L

W ,q

|QwO

|W=}=@ wm

=Q

waY=v CN} Qt=tD

OvW=@ KQ]t =yxv}tN |D=P x-UOvy

=} u}=

(p v) := f
z
u
inf p(z u)

|O

'

u t

w |t

j Y

CN} Qm}

wO

u= D

M x  f CN Q =t =yD
O df(z)u = v f(z) = p
'

xm OyO|t u=Wv Q}N= xDm

v u}ty
-

=Wv

j jz1 j <  jz2j < =( ; jz1 j)g

CN} Qt=tD `@=D Qy =Q} R 'CU}v CN} Qt=tD wU

"

O=O u

|QwO

z2
s Q}o@

QO

" }

x@W cM x@=Wt

x@W Ovv=ty

|QwO

=yDW=ov |UQQ@
=

|= @

x@W Qy

|=OQw v |QwO

x@W u}= xm

u QO |QwO

R=

\rDNt R}r=v

=Q

s}yO|t x=Q=

"

Q Q Q} R

Q= k @

X= N CQ Y

u}=

O =

QO

" W @

n \rDN

Oa@ =@

wwP

xv}tN

| r r y |=

M s}v

x}

"2 -

m Z i

CU=

QWi

R @xO

www

=ty

|S r B D u

w w w xm OQ}PB|t

u |S r B D

w |t h} QaD Q} R

O W

CQ Y

|k}kL |r

=Q

x@ xm QoQ=O}=B

Q l} Q=DN=U

xw o

xw o

p2M Q

Aut(M)

(i)

xw o

qa x@

QWi

Aut(M)

y |= @ xw

CU=

w '

Ip (M) := ff 2 Aut(M)jf(p) = pg
CU=

"

xm}

w =@ CN} Qt=tD wU

| o

wO

CN} Qm}

=ov

dim Aut(M) > n +

2

xO

n>

3 w

CU=

"

x-} Q_v

R=

|k}kO ?r=]t

qa x@

xw

CU= Oa@

Q s}y=wN

"O m

w xm CU= |O}OH xH}D

v
-

O N

CU=

"

=y}DN} QOwN

u |

=v@t Q@

(ii)

Q Oa@ xr}
- Uw@

xw o

VQ

=tW

xQ W=

|@r=H EL@ pt=W

OQ t QO

=yxO}= u}= x@ =Hv}=

QO

=@ xmv p=L 'CU=

Kob 1] |

wwP

Ov@xOQ x@`H=Q xH}Dv u}=

C F=

= xv}tN

| r r y | y

== w

=D

W } @ m ? m R= T
w 

=@Dk=

x} k
=Q

(i) VN

(ii)

Qo =

Bn  n

2 -

Q}o|t Q=m@

"O

QO

= Q

u y @

|r

= Q

@ u y @

CU= Q=WDv= CUO

QO w

=yywQo
1

s}=xDi=}

\rDNt R}r=v

= r w

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

Ovm|t =kr=

=Q

Q 2

w w w CU=

|S r B D '

=y} QwO

48

1l} RDv=O *l}Uqm x} k l} Q@ =v@ p=L

xw o ' uOQ=w QO u=w w

KM x

|rN=O |QwO l}

|wQ

=Hv

x}k1 C=@F= KQ]

R=

"2 -

CU= xOQWi ,=awt |QDt |= i l}

"

Stp (M) := ff 2 G(M)jf(p) = pg C G(M) QW =a w Q l M =y QD R

?} Q x Ip (M) Aut(M) x =H
C
=
QW
www
Q QW VN l p Q O =
QW Ip(M)
QW =a w Aut(M) x w | xH}D OvDU Stp (M) G(M) xDU |WN
'

D D

xO

v R=

w xO

Q}PBp}Uv=Qi}O Cq}O@D

6 =mr=m

i |S r B D |= @ xO

v'

xOQWi ,
=awt xwQo l} '4 |QtwoDvwt

R=

|t u=}=B x@

O q@

u WwO  v

(i)

w 1985

=@ ?}DQD u}= x@
w

CU=

R= |=

} '

3 Qvmw@

C F=

5 TDv=Qm

i ,  t xw o

xO
-

U= R @xO

m O W

" UQ

1987

"

i,  t

U=

oQ= } B

R=

x} k Q@=v@

q}O@D |r

tw }=

qa x@

'xw

"

Q l} 'xv}tN l}

xw o

u} Qo uw}Ot xm s}OvtR=}v Q} R x}
k x@
-

(ii)

|= @
"

QQ

xw o } R

s}vm

O =

Z i

" W @

v u 2 Tp (M)
CN Qm M
w
'

R= |=

| yQ=O @ R= GwR

u}=

'CQ Y

CU=

"

xH}Dv 'CU=

Qy

d(p)u = V

QO

Q xH}Dv QO

|= @

\rDNt Oa@ xm =Hv

R=

|wQ

|t

Aut(M)

Q pta

R V}=tv uwvm =

xm}

k
i

} w

w =@ CN} Qt=tD wU

| o

(ii) VN

=Q 2 -

xw o

B w Dw }=

x} k

" } Qw

"3 -

m Z i

u J |=xO

\rDNt |=i =} B n

R=

CU=

M s}v Q
x}
K < Ip (M) w
QW
w 2 l 2Kl

xv}tN l}

t -

xm |tUk x@ OW=@ OwH

"

CU}v QDW}@ 2

n \rDN

x@ xm OW=@ xDW=O OwHw u=vJ

|=R=

n M
p : Ip (M) ! GL(Tp (M) ) | Q

Qy

Oa@

w |

n
n
C P \rDNt |=i =} C

Q@=Q@

x]kv

CU=

= Q

wO

@ u y @ p L

O Qy |k}kL Oa@ xm OwW|t

QO Q= t

dim Ip (M) > n2 ; n+ p 2 M

"

3'

s Q}o@ Q_v

% }

QO =Q

p() := d(p)  2 Ip (M):

Ip(M) x} (i) Q =v = C l x l = p x
=W w |
p (Ip (M))  Uhp (n) x |tU x C w w Tp (M) hp u}a C@F |D} Q w l
Ovv | ^i
hp w x C Tp (M) \rDN |] q O@
Q Uhp (n)
w_v x
w
=} xm T Q = = hp x = u x C@U x s Q} | Q_
|tU x Tp (M) Q x = l
=U = QD R Oa = U(n) QW
Q Q l (Ip (M)) x s}v} | C
= p x =H
C n2 ; n +

P CU=

= r '
'

"

L =Q

"O W u @
|w

QWi

xO

oQ @

'2 -

k R=

CQ Y

} D t
@

U=

' } B

}=

xO
-

@ @

t=

"

U= 

U= O H t

i xw o } R

} Q=O iw

|wQ

t

N C

R= Q

@ =Q

t '

|= @

U= Q=O iw
"

|r
|w

=yywQo x@

w Q G}=Dv

\ @ t

=Ut =} QDoQR@ Oa@ =@

Q |rw CU= Q@Dat

|= @

R=

|NQ@ CU=

U(n) Ov@t
n 6= Q

QQ

y xw o } R

4 |= @

s}UQ@

sRq '

l} xm s}v}@@

smL u}= CU=

=@ QN CtUk

C F=
w

v u= D

t y CQ Y

D u xw o

v QO

m O=O u

U=

Ov@atH x@ xm

} B

}w

O N

=} ,=t=Rr=

m
}

v R=

u |= @

s} Q@ Q=m@ OvDUy |m}vmD G}=Dv `k=wQO xm

SU(n) = U(n)

n2 ; n +
2

=Q
3

1) Van Dantzig 2) Van Der Waerden 3) Bochner 4) Montgomery 5) Greene-Krantz

6) Bland-Duchamp-Kalka

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

49

SU(n) U(n) =y Q l Q
C Q C=
p 2 M w | n 6= x
Q
n
C CN Q =t w
= = M x C Q xH}D
Q
O = CN Q =t w
CN Qm n = O = M = = C
C
=} w R} Qo |m}vm
=@ n =
Q

x m |wQ
w

=}=QD Qw]x@

i o

@ F =Q

U=

} t

W @

} t

"

u= D

UwO B

t '

@ }

UwO

U= R v OQ t

v |

yw o R=

} B

m u Z i

i o

} @

}O

"

n=

= =mt=

C v

2n 1

K = p (Ip (M))
w w P M x =H

=m@

n
C

xm}

x} k

OQ t QO =Q 3 -

n =@ =} C n =@ =}
n n =Q} R
"OvDU}v |wrwrPy C P w C

U= | r r y

D C F= '

Qo}O

;
"Ovvm|t pta S

=@ TB

v w O @ Q

Q J v '

CU= OwHwt sy

4 OQ t QO

v R=

"C P

utoQ@ |QwOx@W
Q}eDt l} |=Q@

1922 QO

CUNv xm CU= \rDNt |=yxv}tN Q@ |D}tQy |QwO x@W l} utoQ@ |QwO x@W
O

" W

n
"s}yO|t KQW =Q utoQ@ u=tDN=U 'OW=@ C

= i

l} CN} Qt=tD `@=wD

w

'CQ Y

u}= QO

R=

?mQt

s Q}o|t

" }

z=w

'

x@

|=R=

O Q xv

Q= v= m - t=O

L (M) = Q
Q_
ffj g1
j =1 Ov =
2

v QO =Q

l}

Mx

QO

n@r

O Q}o@ Q_v

i }R

" }

CU=

"

|=

O x@ C@Uv

xR=
v=
-

x]
- @= =@

'CQ Y

u}= QO

=NDv=

R=

s Q}o|t Q_v QO

BM (z w)
 :=
s}U} wv|t

j =1

w |t xO}t=v

o @ -

"O W

w |t

u= D

=Q

BM

= r w

@ D

w |t h} QaD

Mx

bM (z z) >

|rm Cr=L QO

xm} Ot=aDt x-}=B l} '

|wQ

!j (z) ^ !j (w)

y CQ Y w

pmW x@

= iQ} R

"O W

t m |=

ut Q xDU
!j (z) = fj (z)dz1 ^ ^ dzn pm

=YDNt x=oDUO l} QO

n
!1  !2 . . . p =

1
X

o @ -

pkDUt `@=D u}=

= i QO 'CU= |Oa@ \rDNt xv}t

N
-

" }

L2 (M)

fj (z)fj (w):

j =1

xm} Ot=aDt x-}=B

p}Uv=Qi}O CQwY

=Q

ut Q xDU ` =

"

Q}PBr=QoDv=`@ Qt CN} Qt=tD |=yDQwY

|Dr=L |=Q@ CUNv =t

xm} Ot=aDt x-}=B l} =t w CU= xDU@

1
X

TBU

|= @ 1933 QO

v t u |=

bM (z w)
 =
s} Q=O

x=Q= 1 utoQ@ \UwD Q}eDt OvJ

x@

=Q

!j (z) Q M
y '

OvDUy CN} Qt=tD

z w 2 M Q
z1  . . .  zn |a w
=a w ` w fj (z) x

CU= x}=B R= pkDUt

w x W

|= @

h} QaD ,

'

|= @

 t

 t

@= D

BM (z w) = bM (z w)dz1 ^ ^ dzn ^ dw1 ^ ^ dwn

bM (z w) := 1
j =1 fj (z)fj (w)
z 2 M Q Q bM (z z) > x O}v
"

h} QaD Q} R

CQ Y

x@

=Q

utoQ@

|QwO

x@W

w '

y |= @

n @ 2 log b (z z)
X
M
BM (z) :=
@zm @zk dzm dzk :
1

1) Bergman

m
k=1

u QO

xm CWwv
wvm =

m Z i u

O}vm

\rDNt R}r=v

'

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

CN} Qt=tD wUwO

= u}atxt}v C@Ft

|=OQw v '

BM |r

?UL Q@

Cr=L

QO t=

u}at C@Ft w h} QaDWwN

QO w

= xvt=O

CU= sm

| y

"

BM =y

'

2 T=vQwi

1 l} QO}O

Q xm |}=yxv}tN u

w |t wQ u}=

u= D

Q = u}vJ

=Q |O @ Q m

R=

CU= xHwD ?r=H

CU=

Qrym ,=D}=yv w Q=wty

"

CU}v |OwaY=v CN} Qt=tD |=yDW=ov

v |= @

"

OaD ,=D@Uv xm OvJQy 'Ov=xHwD ?r=H ,=YwYN 'CU= |D}tQy l} QDt xH}Dv

Q utoQ@ l} QDt

|= @

OvDUy =yxv}tN u}=

R= |Q

wyWt

?r=H p=Ft `k=w

CU=

Qrym |DL

R= w '

|r=Ft ,q}P

xDUO \rDNt

BD

OQ

QO Q= v= m

CU= xDiQo Q=Qk

o=

CU= xOWv xDN=vW

O

= = i

| y

DQ

O Q xv

QO '

|D}tQy

O CUOx@

" }

R= |=

QO |Q= v= m - t=O

Ovm|t Cr qO

=_Dv=

BM x

} X k OQ t QO

"

pkDUt

R=

 xm

} Q=O

(p v) 6 4hv viBD (p) x=ov 'OW=@ C n

xvwoJ}y =t=
w

=YDNt x=oDUO

'C

B = P s

"

50

u WO=

|a}Uw xa
- r=]t OQwt =yv
c2
D

=y} QwO

"

fD u}@ |rm x]
- @=Q

x]@=Q u}vJ ,qY= xmv}= Q@

OQ= v O Hw |=

BD ut Q

'

o @

l} QDt x@W 'fD

Q p}Uv=Qi}O x-UOvy O}O

|= @

cD

|D=aq]=

R=

qNQ@

xm CW=O

u R=

s}vm|t x=Q=

"

x@ 'CU=

= xvt=O x@

| y

w |t

u= D

u}vJ
R= xO

=D

u |R t Q iQ

=Q

w Q

syt

= xYNWt

| y

R=

|m}

CU= xDiQo Q=Qk xar=]t

\ @ t

"

xvt=O RQt xm CU=

D  n xv
C

'

- t=O

l}

w xm |Dr=L u} QDy@

OQ t

OLD x@W

u | k ?

=vat

= l} QDt Qy

|wQ =OQw v

=vLv= QwUv=D

"u |

1
"CU=C

wty

Q=

=iDU= =@

Q O}B utoQ@ xDU

y CQwY
-

w=

Q |@r=H |@v=Ht QwDUO

"O m =

|= @

l}ORv RQt x@ 6 TQwUv=QD x@W -xw}W x@ 'utoQ@ l} QDt x@ C@Uv |@U=vt

Q x@ Q=wty j} Q] x@

R t

w |t =Q ?OLt x@ = w

W ,} k

TB ,=awt

R=

**
u t i 1974 QO '

= Qi

|}=yxvt=O

= l} ROwS xm

= xvt=O CN} Qt=tD wU

O=O u

OLt x@W ,=} wk Q=Ov=Qm xv

- t=O l}

; n+1
2

|ivt C@=F OOa x@

"

n
B

x}
k
-

QO x W u @ -

CU=

n
C

xm
- }

Q |m}ORv

QO

BD CN Q =t
} t

|a]kt

D *

Q utoQ@ l} QDt CN} Qt=tD |a]kt

| o |= @

=} xYNWt =@ xD@r=

CU= |U=U=

w '

'O=O

s}y=wN

KW

|=

xDmv xm}

=vLv=

QYDNt Qw] x@

=@

=Q C F=

OLt x@W =,} wk

OQ

'Q= v= m |=

xvt=O

D  n s}v
C

u}=

CU=

"

=@

C F= QO

m Z i
|RwQ '

=iDU= =@

xO

wty RQt =@

w |t l}ORv

&O W

Q p}P xYNW
t
-

O Q w =D@Uv

wty RQt =@

'O a

`}UwD R}v

Q=

| o |= @

" v F -t ,

Q=

1
|=vLv=C

= CW=ov =Pr w OvwW|t

xm O=O u=Wv 7 l@trm 'u=tQii |@v=Ht QwDUO R=

R t

CU= syi p@=k |v=U x@ =Q} R

OQ t QO

=Wv

wO | y

"O=O

OL x@ = w

| y

W ,} k | y

u= D

=D

|R t Q iQ x } w

3?
RQt =@

4 ?OLt ,=} wk RQt l} x@ CN} Qt=tD wUwO Q}eDt Q}}eD l} Q}F-=D

"OQm p}O@D

|= @

|= @

QO

?r]t u}=

=iDt ,=U=U=

Cw

xDiQ Q=mx@

n w

vw
) u @

= l}vmD

| y

x}

"4 -

1) Diederich 2) Fornss 3) strongly pseudoconvex 4) stronglyconvex 5) C. Feerman

6) pseudotransverse 7) Klembeck 8) Bun Wong 9) Rosay

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

51

O =@

" W v xO

QWi 'R=@xOQWi

w w w =@

|S r B D

Aut(D) |va

=y}DN} QOwN

Q xm s}vm

} u |

CU=

xm}

| o

x} k u=yQ@

"3

"

xw o

w =@ CN} Qt=tD wUwO

"4 -

RQ= y

C1

OW=@

Z i w

u}=

CQ Y

QO

pmW

Aut(D) w@ QW D  n O Q xv Q x l@tr
x} = Q
Qot j D QW
= VN
x |tU x fj g Ov = Aut(D) =
x =@
w
n
C K
 62 Aut(D) = O = CN Q =t C =o  : D ! x O =  l x C wvm

D xv  ` x O w | 1 = =
wyW
x} =
=o | D
D xv  x
C @D
\rDN xD
l (D) P
=o | @D Q
O w |t @D jr] O st}U = p j@
w u
O = OL x@ = w D x |D =
q 2 @D x]k x D qF x C C = C =o l  P O = |y O Q} \rDN xD p =
pm Ov | p} 1 x j x | =ov j (p) ! q s
p2DQ
x T
=o |
2 x B CN Q =t |a]k
=vL q x]k l R x s} | Qo
w
=H
O Q | ; n+1
D
|a]k
=vL x w | xH}D C
= j =y}DN w
l Q ?U Q ut Q l QD x
=@ CU=

|=

RQ= y

U=

=Q

uO

'

=w

xO
-

v xO

i | y

@ |wQ

"

- t=O

t=

k=wQO

} o

'
v

"3

W

v R=

tQ k

" }= o

t |

@ =Q

m O W

U=

Y=

v '

k ' t=

t - } Q=w

R=

O =

" W @

R =}U@

'nQ @ Q

=NDv=

xO U

=HxDUv=t R}v

QO

|=R=

w |t

u= D

O N = r w '

=Q

t |

U=OQw v

 O}v

v= '

"

x

Q}o|t Q=Qk

CU= QiY =@ 2 =HxDUv=t

"

CU=

= Ov@ty

Qoty

w O

; n+1 =

@ =

D =
q x]k

m O=O
|wQ

xO U

o @

} t

s}y=wN u=Wv uwvm =

j x
j ()

CN=wvm} Qw] x@

" }=xO m Z i Q=
t

BD CN Q =t

Qit |o}=Uty l}

}O | U R=

v Zw

t W

"OQ

t '

C@=F

r L QO

@ '

R t QO

t - } Q=w

Dx

QWi

v=O

CU= Q@=Q@

j () T s Q
= Ov@t Dx Ov |
B

N=

- t=O

| yxO

"OQ

} @

}O v

QO =Q

W ,} k

xO U

y |=R=

W @

= r

} QO N R=

CU=

m Z i

|o}=Uty u}=

1) H. Cartan 2) homotopic

k u y @

a= R= |= r vO O Hw

} Q=O '

x@ xm OwW|t x_Lqt 'CU=

Ov@ty

xDU@ sN l}

= r w ' W @

m R= 4 -

"OQ

}= QO ' W @ ?

"

=Hv

"

t |=

] CQ Y

@ F

y |=R= @

v t

QO

} t

"y R= Q

U=

v=

} t

u DQ m

m t

Q= v= m - t=O

W @

"

v= D

i '

wty

C@=F u}ty

QO

Q Q

=Q R t = } R O m

CU= QiY =@

w '

\rDNt R}r=v

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

=y} QwO

52

|ivt w C@=F u CN} Qt=tD |a]kt |=vLv= xm CU= |=xO=U Ov@ty w |Qrym -xv}tN
s

wO RQ= y

w w

Dx

w |t xH}Dv

m O W

KoN] x

'

p}Uv=Qi}O x-UOvy

@ O W ` HQ

O =D

R= x v U=

x qN Qw] x@

' Y

p}qO x@ =v@

n
"CU= B

"

CU=

=@ CN} Qt=tD wU

w E}L R= |@r=H |WywSB `wwt 'QD|rm |=yxvt=O |=Q@ utoQ@ l} QDt |RQt Q=DiQ |UQQ@

`  t O N

=i}= |tyt Vkv '=yv RQt x@ =yxvt=O u}@ CN} Qt=tD

x@ OwW `wHQ ',qFt s} wW|tv =yv EL@

OQ=w

=Hv}=

= CW=ov `}UwD x@

w Q p=Ut

| y

QO t w

qFt

QO ,

\ @ t

CU= `}Uw Q=}U@ xv}tR u}=

= wDmt

C @

"
"

"

CU=

Ovm|t

Kra]

u}=DWv} Qrym l} QDt

Q 2 |J} Q QwUv=D xm CU= |D}tQy |m} QDt '\rDNt xv}t
N l}
-

|= @

3 w=}nvJ G}=Dv h]r x@

OL x@

O = 5?

' W @

R= Q

w_vt

O = j@]vt ZwQit l} QDt QwUv=D Q@ 'C@=F |k}kL ?} Q l} ?} QkD =@ 'u

" W @

W w Q=Ov=Qm

|a=tDH= CQwY x@

1 u}=DWv}Qrym l} QDt

|wQ

xm

D  n xv
C

- t=O

Qy

xm s}v=O|t

OQ t QO

'1983

4 w=}lwt

w 1980

wD@ xm CU= |=xvt=O ?OLt x@W xv

- t=O R= Qw_vt CU= OwHwt |m} QDt u}vJ

=Q u u=

"

CWwv

OLtx@W ,=} wk

ED (Z) :=
%

= xvt=O

| y

waY

R= |O

wDUO =@ u}=DWv}Qrym l} QDt

n @ 2 u(z)
X
dzm dzk

m
k=1 @zm @zk

CU= Q} R

Okt x-r-=Ut

|R t Q=

 det( @z@ @zu ) = e2u D

m k

?= H

u QO

xm OwW|t xDWwv

'

u=1 D
'

(@ 2 u=@zm @zk ) T Q =

} D t

OQ t QO

s}y=wN|t |va} 'OW=@

CU= CN} Qt=tD wUwO

"

CN} Qt=tD |=yCW=ov ?UL Q@

EM x

'|

()
6

R t |wQ

(psh) =Ut Q Ov

pt=m

|=OQw v w '

|wQ

y }R

J ,=} wk xr-=Ut u}= ?=wH s}y=wN|t

Qrym l} QDt l}

Cio u=wD|tv |rm Cr=L QO =t=

ED l QD O = u}a C@F
ED = P s  xm Q
}

"

" W @
} Q=O

= nvJ

l}ORv

=k}kLD

; n+1 C =
2

OvW=@

R= '

@ F

C1

|ivt Q=Okt x@

1) Kahler-Einstein metric
5) pseudoconvex

wty RQt =@

Q=
'

w ?

Q |m}ORv

R t

OLtx@W ,=} wk

QO

O Q xm

'Q= v= m

ED CN Q =t

2) Ricci tensor

} t

|a]kt

= xvt=O

| y

} X k

CU=

"
w }

waY=v

|O

OQ t QO

=vLv= xm OwW|t xH}Dv

3) Cheng-Yau

4) Mok-Yau

=D

w |NQ@

Q iQ 'OQ= t
Q=

*
h==R}"w"QOv=Umr 

TDv=Qm"G"uw}DU w

53

QO

=iDU=

"O m xO

Okt x-r-=Ut ?=wH l} R=

ED Q

CiQo xQy@ |RH

"

ED BD =
Q XNW BD
R=

| H

= }R O m

=kDWt

CqO

=at

x@

4 -

x} k

C F= QO u= D

=@

=D

QDxO=U pmW x@

|R t Q iQ R=

w |t xH}Dv

| yVwQ R= u= D

w |t xH}DvQO

w |t

"O W

ED

w |t =Q

u= D

w |t pY=L

|R t

QO w O W

6 |R t

QDW}@ |=y|QwO x@W w =yl} QDtx@W

1
= l} QDtx@W R= |O}OH xO=
- wv=N u=wD|t u ltm x@ xm OQm O=yvW}B =Q |y=Q ww |Uynvwy

| y

x}
k Qm P x@ \ki =t
w

"O W

Ov=xO}J}B |r}N pta

xaH=Qt

WU] x

QDW}@ C=}RH

WM l QD

|}q=@ xD
- Uw}Bs}v xm CN=U

QO

h} Q=aD u}=

Q h} QaD

"O m

CN} Qt=tD wUwO

=Q

Q s} R=OQB|t =yl} QDt x@W u}=

|= @

x@W l}

w |t

u= D

OQ t QO

\rDNt xv}t
N Qy
-

x |tUk x@ OW=@

% m

'1993 QO

|

Q} R
"5

|wQ

QrUv}i \ki xv
"

w

|=OQw v

|O Hw

x}

|D}tQy

W = P (i)

pnW x=ov 'dim M = n w OW=@ CN} Qt=tD CW=ov f : M ! M Qo = (ii)


"f WM2 6
M1
1
1
2

"f WM2 = WM1 x=ov OW=@ CN} Qt=tD wUwO CW=ov f : M1 ! M2 Qo =(iii)
CU= |}q=@ xD
- Uw}Bs}v |D}tQy l} QDt l}

"

wD=Q=m w |W=}=@ wm 

w |QwO

l} QDt x@W =Q} R

QrUv}i

= l} QDtx@W ?P=H

| y

WM

=ov 'OW=@

= wrH `k=w

| yx

QO '

wwP

| r r y

WM

'ww

M Q (iv)
o=

l} QDtx@W

R}t|t sy QO 's}OQm EL@ ,q@k xm =Q u}=DWv}Qrym w utoQ@ |D}tQy |=yl} QDt x@W

'O

|D}tQy p=L u}a QO w '|OwaY=v ,=U=U= CU= |m} QDtx@W 'CN} Qs=tD

"

% W

C@=F

xr}Uwx@ xm CU= Q} R x}
k
-

ww O N -

CU=

"

|W=}=@ wm |vat x@

wwP

ww

Q wYD xD
- } Q=w l}

| }

= xv}tN s=tD

| r r y | y

= CW=ov ?ULQ@

| y

l} QDtx@W
wwP

| r r y

Q |y@=Wt xH}D
v xm Cio
-

=D

| yOQw UO

u}DUNv

u= D

T L

l}

w |t p}O@D |D}tQy l} QDt x@

"O W

w w P xm CUv=O O}=@

uO @ | r r y

" yO

|t u=Wv =yxv}tN

Q |iQat 1981 QO R=UtyQ} R OvJ `@=wD j} Q] R=

O m

4 =w=mwR
xOQw

w 1985 QO

3 lt}rm

u R=

V}@ =yv

1) Hung-Hsi Wu

O=

Ci=}

Kob 2]

w |QwO

wva x@

w |t
Qo}O

2) Sibony 3) Klimek

OQ t QO

wwP

=Q

CLY R}v

WM l QD x@
}

w w C}ty= R}v Qo}O Q=@

|= @ =Q uO @ | r r y `  t

=} R

For]

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x@W h} QaD |=Q@

QO u= D

OaD xm 'OvQ=O OwHw R}v

= xv}tN

2 |vw@}U xm |m} QDtx@W ltm x@

X}NWD 'O}O O}y=wN

|vw@}U xJv =@ Cw=iDt |m} QDt x@W

"

CU=

"O=O

wwP

| r r y | y

|m}

u=

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l} `wwt u}=

R=

'ww

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xO
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WM

xv}tR u}=
=

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R= 357372 C

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x@W `k=wQO

C a

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4) Azukawa

=LiY

QO

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QO |

|=OQw v | y

w |t =Q xv}tN l}

u= D

w y|QwO

O Q = x@ Ow@

\rDNt R}r=v

=Hv}=

QO =OQw=v |=ym} QDt w

O O

QO

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|@=}DUO

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54

xDN=U \rDNt R}r=v QO |Y=N Qw_vt

Q |@ wN Q=}U@ `@vt

|= @

JaP] x =

- r UQ

"

Q l} Qy

uOQw @ |= @

s}vm|t xQ=W=

2 CQBtr `@=D

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Din]

S. DINEEN, The Schwarz Lemma, Oxford Math. Monographs, Oxford

Univ. Press, New York, 1989.

For]

J. FORN SS, Recent Developments in Several Complex Variables,

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Gar] J. GARNETT, Bounded Analytic Functions, Academic Press, New

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JaP] M. JARNICKI and P. PFLUG, Invariant Metrics and Distances in
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Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970.
Kob2] ||, Hyperbolic Complex Spaces, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998.
1) HaHn

2) Lempert

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KoN] S. KOBAYASHI and K. NOMIZU, Foundations of Dierential Geometry, Wiley, New York, 1996.
Kra] S. KRANTZ, Function Theory of Several Complex Variables,
Wadsworth, Belmont, 1992.
KrP] S. KRANTZ and H. PARKS, A Primer of Real Analytic Functions,
Birkh"auser, Basel, 1992.
PoS] E. A. POLETSKII and B. V. SHABAT, Invariant metrics (translated
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Wu]

H. WU, Old and new invariant metrics on complex manifolds, Several

Complex Variables: Proceedings of the Mittag-Leer Institute, 19871988 (J. E. Forn#ss,ed.), Math. Notes, vol. 38, Princeton Univ. Press,

Princeton, NJ, 1993, pp. 640-682.

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