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,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk;

gFjp I ---

(Art 1-4)

,e;j
; pah- ghujk; vd;gJ khepyq;fs; ,ize;j xd;wpak;.- Art 1 (xd;wpak; -coined by Dr. Ambedkar)
khepyj;jpd; gug;igf; $l;l> ngah; khw;wk; nra;a ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F mjpfhuk; Art 3
President Kd; mDkjp Njit.
simple majority.

cta
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khepyk;- cUthf;Ftjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l fkpl;bfs;; :

v
v
v
v

,e;jpa muRk; mjd; vy;iyfSk;

v S.K. jhh; fkpl;b- Nov 1948- not favour for linguistic states.
v JVP committee- 1948 report in 1949
nghl;b =uhKY kuzk;- Me;jpuh cUthdJ- Oct 1> 1953 (nkhopthhpahf gphpf;fg;gl;l Kjy; khepyk;)
v khepy kWrPuikg;G fkpl;b- 1953 Dec 22
Chairman- ghrpy; myp
Members- HN Fd;];U
KN gzpf;fh;
16 khepyq;fs;> 3 UTs- ghpe;Jiu
v khepy kWrPuikg;G rl;lk;- 1956
14 States & 6 UTs - nkhopthhp khepyq;fs; gphpg;G- 1956.
v JK rpwg;G me;j];J- Art 370- eilKiw- Nov 17> 1952.
jdp rhrdk;- 1957> Jan 26
Part II

----

FbAhpik

(Art 5- 11)

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Latin word- Civis

Xw;iw FbAhpik
FbAhpik rl;lk;- 1955.
1986> 2003 fspy; jpUj;jk;.
FbAhpik- IBRD
Registration- 5 years
Naturalisation- 1 year
1948 july 19f;F Kd; India y; FbNawp trpg;gth;fs;.
FbAhpik ,og;G- Art 10
ntspehl;L FbAhpikia jhNk tpUk;gp xUth; Vw;why; Vw;fdNt cs;s ehl;bd; FbAhpikia ,oe;J
tpLthh;.
gpuNtrp ghujpa jpth];- 2003Jan 9- LM rpq;tp fkpl;b ghpe;Jiu
FbAhpik njhlghd mjpfhuk; - Parliament
Njrpa milahs ml;il- 13.04.2003 y; eilKiw.

Part III --

mbg;gil chpikfs;

(Art 12- 35)

1931 fuhr;rp fhq;fpu]; fl;rp khehl;by; jPhk

; hdk;- jiyik gNly;
Magna Carta of our constitution.
Cornor Stone of Constitution.
Fundamental of Fundamental Rights
kf;fs; Rje;jpukhfTk; kfpo;r;rpahfTk; tho tif nra;fpwJ
rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp- nla;rp
kf;fshl;rpapd; rhuk;- jdpegh; Rje;jpuk;

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 Kjypy; 7- Now 6
1) rkj;Jt chpik- (Art 14-18)
14- Equal Before Law
17- jPz;lhik xopg;G

3)

Rje;jpu chpik- (Art 19-22 )

6 Rje;jpu chpikfs;- Art 19(1)
Ngr> vOj
mikjpahd Kiwapy; $Ltjw;F
rq;fq;fs; mikf;f
ehnlq;Fk; nry;y
tpUk;gpa njhopy; nra;a
tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy; jq;fp trpf;f
Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd chpik (Art 23-24 )

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2)

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23- nfhj;jbik xopg;G

24-Foe;ij njhopyhsh; xopg;G
(ngz;fSf;Fk;> Foe;ijfSf;Fk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
4)
5)

kj chpik

(Art 25-26)

gz;ghl;L kw;Wk; fy;tp chpik (Art 29-30)

rpWghz;ik kf;fs; ( nkhop & kjk;) fy;tp rhiyfs;mikf;f

6)

murpay; ePjp ghpfhu chpikfs; (Art 32- 35)

Heart and Soul of our constitution- Dr. Ambedkar.

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v
v

5 ePjpg; Nguhizfs;;- High Court (Art 226), Supreme Court (Art 32)

Writs- borrowed from England

Ml;nfhzh; ePjpg; Nguhiz (Habeas Carpus)

rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghd Kiwapy; milj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;; egiu ntspNa nghz;L tu.

jdpegh; Rje;jpuj;jpd; muz;

nraYWj;Jk; ePjpg; Nguhiz (Mandamus)

muR nghJf; flik nra;a itj;jy;

jilAWj;Jk; ePjpg; Nguhiz (Prohibition)

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ePjpkd;wk; jd; mjpfhu tuk;ig fle;J nray;gLk; NghJ

newpKiw cWj;Jk; ePjpg; Nguhiz (Certiorari)

fPo; ePjpkd;w tof;Ffis Neubahf cah; ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F mDg;g

jFjp Kiw tpdTk; ePjpg; Nguhiz (Quo Warranto)

muR cah; gjtpapy; ,Ug;gth;fspd; jFjp gw;wp mwpa

7)

nrhj;Jhpik (Art 31)

ePf;fg;gl;lJ- nkhuhh;[p Njrha; [djh muR- 44tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;>1978.
Art 300 A- d; gb rhrd chpik.

jw;NghJ rl;l chpik.

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www.tnpsctamil.in 3 of 17.

v Art 34- uhDt rl;lk;

v nghJ ey kDf;fs;- Art 32 - Australia

v vkh;n[d;rpapd; NghJ midj;J FR- fisAk; [dhjpgjp jw;fhypfkhf uj;J nra;ayhk;- Art 359

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Art 19y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s chpikfs; jhdhf uj;J nra;ag;gLk;

v Art 17 & 24 Absolute Rights.

v Art 21 A--- 6 to 14 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfSf;F fy;tp mbg;gil chpik.

86tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;> 2002

eilKiw- Apr 1, 2010

ghpe;Jiu- Mr;rhhpa uhkKh;jj

; p fkpl;b
v Citizens only ---

tof;F-

Nkhfpdp n[apd; tof;F

Art 15, 16, 19, 29, 30

v Untouchability (offences) Act- 1955--- name changed to Civil Rights (Protection) Act, 1976
v Universal Declaration of Human Rights- Dec 10, 1948.

v jfty; ngWk; chpik rl;lk;- 2005 - Sweden - June 15 Passed ; Oct 2 eilKiw (except J&K)
ntspg;gilahdmuR.

First- Rajasthan

State level RTI act- Tamil Nadu 1997

mbg;gil chpikfs; kf;fSf;F mspf;fg;gLk; cWjpnkhop vd;Wk; ehfhpf cyfj;Jld; nra;J

nfhs;sg;gl;l cld;gbd;if- Dr. uhjh fpU\;zd;.

Nehf;fk;-

muR topfhl;Lk;; newpKiwfs; (Art 36- 51)

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Part IV -

r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; ePjp ngWjy;

KfTiuAld; Neub njhlh;GilaJ.

kf;fs; eyd; fhZk; muR (welfare state)Art 38

23 nghJ ey Nehf;fq;fs;-- fhe;jpa nfhs;if> rkj;Jt nfhs;;if> Nkw;fj;jpa nfhs;ifs;

ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F nry;y ,ayhJ.- Art 37 ---

rhrdj;;jpd; kdrhl;rp

Art 41- Ntiy> fy;tp chpik

Art 44- nghJ rptpy; rl;lk;

Art 45- ,ytr> fl;lha fy;tp

Art 48- gR tij jil

Art - 50 eph;thfj;Jiw- ePjpj;Jiw jdpNa gphpj;jy;

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Art 40- fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J

Part IV A-

mbg;gil flikfs;

(Art 51 A)

42tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;> 1976- d;gb 10 flikfs; . ghpe;Jiu- ];tud; rpq; fkpl;b

jw;NghJ- 11.

11th- 86tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;> 2002

fy;tp mspg;gJ ngw;Nwhh; my;yJ ghJfhtyhpd; mbg;gil flik.

Foe;ij njhopyhsh; FO (1979)- M.S. FUghj Rthkp

Njrpa Foe;ij njhopyhsh; nfhs;if- 1987

Foe;ij njhopyhsh; Njrpa FO- 1994 Sep 26

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www.tnpsctamil.in 4 of 17.
$l;lhl;rp

yj;jpd; nkhop.
kj;jpa muR & khepy muRfs;.
mbg;gil mk;rq;fs;;:
2) mjpfhu gfph;T.

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1) rhrdj;jpd; jdp Kjy; Mjpf;fk;

kj;jpag; gl;bay;;- 99

3) rhrdj;jpd; nefpohj;jd;ik

khepyg; gl;bay;- 61

nghJg; gl;bay;- 49

4) Rje;jpukhd ePjpj;JiwAk; mjd; ePjpkd;w kW Ma;T mjpfhuKk;

rh;f;fhhpah fkp\d;- kj;jpa khepy cwT Kiw.
xNu muR - xw;iwauR-

England, Srilanka.

India is a Quasi federal countryfederation is not mentioned.

Part V
ghuhSkd;w kf;fshl;rp Kiw.

kj;jpa muR

(Art 52- 151)

. 3 mq;fq;fs;.

kj;jpa eph;thfk;; -- President, Vice President, P.M and Ministers

rl;l kd;wk; --- ghuhSkd;wk; ---- Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha
ePjpj; Jiw ---- Supreme Court

FbauRj; jiyth;

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o Art 52- FbauRj; jiyth; gjtp

o Kjy; Fbkfd;

. mizj;J eph;thf mjpfhuq;fs;

o murpd; jiyth;-Art 53(1)

. Kg;gilj; jsgjp-Art 53(2)

Njh;T Kiw: Art 54 (rkr; rPh; gq;fspg;G> xw;iw khw;wj;jf;f thf;Fg; gjpT)
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha cWg;gpdh;fs;.
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l khepy rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs;.
Proposal - 50

.Supported by- 50

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Value of an MLA vote = Population of the State

Total elected MLAs
MP vote

.Deposit 15,000
1___
1000

= ,e;jpahtpYs;s nkhj;j MLA f;fspd; thf;F kjpg;G

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l MP f;fspd; vz;zpf;if

mjpfhuk;- Supreme Court

. Neub Njh;jy;.
jFjpfs;
35 taJ .
.Lok Sabha MP-Mtjw;fhd jFjpfs;.

gjtpf; fhyk; - 5 Years.

uh[pdhkh fbjk;- Vice President.
gjtp ePf;fk;- Fw;wj; jhf;fy; (Impeachment)- fhuzk; - rhrdj;ij kPWjy;.
gjtpg; gpukhzk;- Supreme Court Chief Justice.
,k;gPr;nkz;l; topKiwfs;- Any house of parliament.
members jPhk
; hdk; mwptpg;G.

Kd;nkhopjy;;- after 14 days.

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www.tnpsctamil.in 5 of 17.
mjpfhuq;fs;: ehl;bd;; nray; jiyth;.
cah; mjpfhhpfs; epakdk;.

Nghh;> rkhjhd cld;gbf;if.

,thpd; ifnaOj;jpw;F gpd;Ng rl;lkhFk;.

Dissolves Loksabha.

mtrur; rl;lk; (ordinance) gpwg;gpf;fpwhh;. --Kf;fpa mjpfhuk;. --Art 123-- valid for 6 months.
$l;L $l;lk; $l;Lthh;.

ehlhSkd;wk; $ba 6 thu fhyj;j

; pw;Fs; jhf;fy;; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.uh[;a rgh-12 .

LOK SABHA- 2 Anglo Indians.

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rpy kNrhjhf;fSf;F Kd; mDkjp Njit.

3 type of emergency gpwg;gpf;fpwhh;. (on the recommendation of ministry)
Art 352: Njrpa neUf;fb epiy.

Nghh; or MAjg;Gul;rpapd; NghJ.

6 khj fhyk; - fhytuk;gpd;wp ePbf;fyhk;.

1 khj;jpw;Fs; mq;fPfhuk;.

3 jlit.

1962-rPdg; Nghh;. NeU- PM. uhjhfpU\;zd;- President.

1971- ghf; Nghh;. ,e;j
; puh fhe;jp- v.v. fphp.

1975- cs;e
; hl;L neUf;fb-,e;j
; puh fhe;jp-gf;Ujpd;; myp mfkJ.
Art 356:

[dhjpgjp Ml;rp.

khepyq;fspy; murpayikg;G eph;thfk; nraypof;Fk; NghJ.

6 khjq;fs;.

3 tUlq;fs; ePbf;fyhk;.

kpf ePz;l fhyk;- gQ;rhg;.

Fiwe;j fhyk;- fh;ehlfh.

Kjy; jlit- gQ;rhg; (1951)

2 khjq;fSf;Fs;.

mjpf jlit- Nfush> gQ;rhg;. (9)

fiyg;G- Nfush.

In Tamilnadu- 1976-fiyQh;-,e;jpuh fhe;;jp- gf;Ujpd;; myp mfkJ.

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Art 360:

1991- fiyQh;- re;jpuNrfh;-R.V

1980-MGR-Indira Gandhi- rQ;rPt nul;b.
1988- [hdfp MGR- Rajiv Gandhi- R.V.
epjp neUf;fb- ,J tiu gpwg;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy

,e;jpa vjph;ghuh nryT epjp (Contingency Fund of India)-apypUe;J nrytopf;f chpik.

Kjy; [dhjpgjp- Rajendra Prasad- ,uz;L Kiw gjtp tfpj;j xNu [dhjpgjp (1950-62)
Unopposed- Sanjeeva Reddy (1977)

mjpf thf;Ffs;- Rajendra Prasad (99.3%)

. RNal;ir Ntl;ghsh;- V.V. fphp (1969)

. 11 - mg;Jy; fyhk;.
th

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gpujpgh ghl;By;- 12th and Kjy; ngz; [dhjpgjp.

. 13- gpuzhg; Kfh;[p.
[_iy 25> 2007.
kfuh\;buh.
uh[];jhd; fth;dh;.
uh[; gtz;- fl;bath; Edwin Landseer Lutyens
Kjy; K];ypk;- [hfph;; cird;.
Kjy; jw;fhypf [dhjpgjp- V.V. fphp.
Kjy; jypj; [dhjpgjp- Nf.Mh;.ehuhazd;.

Jiz FbauRj; jiyth;

Art 63- Jiz [dhjpgjp gjtp

Njh;T Kiw : mizj;J Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha M.P- f;fshy; Njh;T.
jFjpfs;- 35 taJ g+h;jj
; p.
.Rajya Sabha MP-Mtjw;fhd jFjp.
gjtpf; fhyk;- 5 tUlq;fs;.
uh[pdhkh fbjk;- [dhjpgjpf;F vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Fw;wj; jhf;fy; (Impeachment) %yk; ePf;fyhk; -- Rajyasabha-y; Kjypy; jhf;fy; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
gjtp topNa uh[;arghtpd; jiyth;.
[dhjpgjpahy; epakdk; nra;ag;gLfpwhh;.
[dhjpgjp gjtp tpyfpdhy; or ,we;jhy; or cly; epiy rPuhf ,y;yhj NghJk; jw;fhypf [dhjpgjpahf
,Ug;ghh;- 6 khjq;fs; tfpf;fyhk;.

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,e;jpahtpYs;s nkhj;j MLA f;fspd; thf;F kjpg;G
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l MP f;fspd; vz;zpf;if
kNrhjhtpd; kPJ thf;fspf;f KbahJ.
13th Vice President- Hamid Ansari
14th=

gpujk mikr;rh; kw;Wk; mikr;ruit

ngUk;ghd;ik fl;rpapd; ehlhSkd;w FO jiyth;.
cz;ikahd eph;thf jiyth;.

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murhq;fj;jpd; jiyth; (Government)

MP vote

mikr;ruitf;F jiyik tfpf;fpwhh;. gjtp gpukhzk;- [dhjpgjpahy;.

PM gjtp tpyfpdhy; mikr;ruit gjtp tpyf Ntz;Lk;.
Leader of Lok Sabha

rkkhdth;fSf;F Kjyhdth; & mikr;ruitapd; mbg;gilf; fy;- khh;yp

gjtpapd; topNa jpl;lf; FO> Njrpa tsh;r;rpf; FO> Njrpa xUikg;ghl;Lf; FO- tpd; jiyth;.

uh[;a rghtpypUe;J gpujkh;; Mdth;fs;- ,e;jpuh fhe;jp (1966)> F[;uhy; (1997)> kd;Nkhfd; rpq; (2004)
Kjy; Non- Congress PM- nkhuhh;[p Njrha; (1977)- [djh fl;rp.

MP- Mf ,y;;yhj xUth; PM Mfyhk;- 6 khjj;jpw;Fs; VNjDk; xU mitapy;

Njh;e;njLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

MP Mf ,y;yhky; PM Mdth;fs;- eurpk;kuht; (1991)> Njtnfslh (1996)> nkhuhh;[p Njrha;

Jizg; gpujkh; gjtp murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.
1) gNly; (NeU)

2) nkhuhh;[p Njrha;(,e;jpuh)

4) n[f[Ptd; uhk; (nkhuhh;[p Njrha;)

5) YB rthz; (ruz;rpq;)

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6) Njtpyhy; (VP rpq;)

3) ruz;rpq; (nkhuhh;[p Njrha;)

7) mj;thdp(th[;gha;)

nkhj;j cWg;gpdh;fspy; 15% mikr;rh;fshf ,Uf;fyhk;.

mikr;ruit $l;lhf- kf;fsitf;F nghWg;GilaJ.

jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy;- [dhjpgjpf;F

mikr;ruit- 3 gphpT nfhz;lJ.

Nfgpndl; (Cabinet)- jdpj;Jiw.

The term included by 44th Amendment- eph;thfj;jpd; ikak;.

nfhs;if cUthf;Fk; mikg;G.

,iz mikr;rh;fs;- jdpj;Jiw fpilahJ. Mdhy; PM tpUk;gpdhy; nfhLf;fyhk;. Nfgpdl;

$l;lq;fspy; nghJthf fye;J nfhs;s khl;lhh;.

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Mdhy; rpwg;G miog;ghsuhf miof;fg;glyhk;.

Jiz mikr;rh;fs;- jdpj;Jiw fpilahJ. Nfgpdl; $l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;s KbahJ.

xU mikr;rUf;F vjpuhd ek;gpf;if ,y;yh jPhk

; hdk; ntw;wp ngw;whYk; KO mikr;ruitAk;
uh[pdhkh nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

1) FbauRj; jiyth; (Art 79)

ehlhSkd;wk;
2) khepyq;fsit

3) kf;fsit

khepyq;fsit - uh[;argh - Nkyit (1954 Mf];l; 23y; ngah; ngw;wJ)

$l;lhl;rpapd;; ,ay;Gfis gpujpgypf;fpwJ.
nkhj;j cWg;gpdh;fs;- 250 (238+12) jw;NghJ- 245 (233+12) (229+4+12) Delhi-3, Pondichery-1.
rKfg; gzp %yk; epakpf;Fk ;Kiw mah;yhe;jpypUe;J gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ.

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www.tnpsctamil.in 7 of 17.
jiyth;-

FbauR Jiz jiyth;- kNrhjh thf;;nfLg;gpd; NghJ thf;fspf;f KbahJ.

mit epue;j
; ukhdJ.

cWg;gpdh; gjtp fhyk;- 6 Mz;Lfs;.

1/3 cWg;gpdh;fs; 2 Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw Xa;T ngWth;.

khepy MLA-f;fshy; Njh;T.

Fiwe;jgl;r taJ g+h;jj

; p - 30
ve;j kNrhjhitAk; jhf;fy; nra;ayhk;;.

(except - gz kNrhjh> mikr;ruitapd; kPjhd ek;gpf;if ,y;yh jPhk

; hdk;.)

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rpwg;G mjpfhuq;fs;- Jiz FbauRj; jiytUf;F vjpuhd Impeachment kNrhjh - Art 67

mfpy ,e;j
; pa gzpfis cUthf;Fk; kNrhjh -Art 312
jkpo;ehL- 18.

mjpfk;- c.gp-31.

kf;fsit- Nyhf;rgh- fPoit (1954> Nk 14 Kjy; ngah; ngw;wJ)

nkhj;j cWg;gpdh;fs; - 550+2 (530+20+2)

1971 nrd;r];gb eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Neubahf kf;fshy; Njh;T.

cWg;gpdh; gjtp fhyk;- 5 Mz;Lfs;.

. jw;NghJ- 545 (543+2) (530+13+2) Upto 2026

. a+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; - nly;yp-7> Others - each 1.

. Fiwe;jgl;r taJ g+h;jj
; p- 25

Emergencyd; NghJ 1 Mz;L ePl;bf;fyhk ; - 5th Loksabha ePl;bf;fg;gl;lJ

gpujkh; MNyhrizapd;gb [dhjpgjp fiyf;fyhk;

1 mit jiyth; (rghehafh;) + 1 Jiz mit jiyth;

rghehafh;- $l;lj;ij $l;Lthh;.

nghJthf thf;fspf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; Casting Vote cz;L.

jiyik jhq;Fthh;.

uh[pdhkh fbjk; JizrghehafUf;F vOj Ntz;Lk; .

gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ayhk;.

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(1971-77)

murpaypy; eLepiy.

Jiz jiyth; fl;rp $l;lq;fspy; gq;nfLf;fyhk;.

Nguit jiytuhf ,Ue;J [dhjpgjp Mdth;- rQ;rt

P nul;b

kj;jpa rl;lkd;wj;jpw;F Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Kjy; egh; - Fredrick Whyte (1921)

Kjy; ,e;jpah; - tpl;ly;gha; gNly;.

Rje;j
; pu ,e;jpahtpy; - fNz\; thRNjt; kht;yq;fh;.

1/10 gq;F cWg;gpdh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk $l;lk; eilngWk;.

kf;fsitapy; jPhk
; hdk; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lhy; mikr;ruit gjtp tpyf Ntz;Lk;.

ghuhSkd;wk; tUlj;jpw;F 3 Kiw $Lk;.

Fiwe;jgl;rk; 2 Kiw $l Ntz;Lk;.

gl;n[l; $l;l njhlh ;- Feb May ePz;l njhlh;.

kio fhyj; njhlh; - July August

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Fsph; fhyj; njhlh; - Nov- Dec Shortest

2 $l;lq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhy ,ilntsp 6 khjq;fSf;F Nky; ,Uf;f $lhJ.

mYty; nkhop- ,e;jp> Mq;fpyk;.

3 thrpg;Gfs;.

Lok Sabha , Rajya Sabha ,ize;j $l;lj;jpw;F miog;G tpLg;gth;- [dhjpgjp

jiyik- Nyhf;rgh rghehafh;. ,J tiu- 1961> 1978> 2002-y; $l;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

epiwNtw;wg;gl;l kNrhjh [dhjpgjpapd; xg;GjYf;F gpwNf rl;lkhFk;;.

epiwNtw;wg;gl;l kNrhjhit [dhjpgjpapd epuhfhpf;f KbahJ.
Mdhy; kWghprPyiz nra;af; Nfhhp [dhjpgjp jpUg;gp mDg;gyhk;
(gzkNrhjh> murpay; rhrz jpUj;j kNrhjhf;fisj; jtpu)

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www.tnpsctamil.in 8 of 17.
gz kNrhjh- Art 110 jPhk
; hdpg;gth; rghehaafh;. (epjp kNrhjh vd;gJ NtW)
[dhjpgjpapd; Kd; mDkjp Njit
Nyhf;rghtpy; kl;LNk jhf;fy; nra;a KbAk;
uh[;argh jd; fUj;;ij 14 ehl;fSf;Fs; ghpe;Jiufis nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
[dhjpgjp fz;bg;ghf xg;Gjy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;- Art 111

ghuhSkd;w
; j;jpd; Kjd;ikg;; gzp- rl;lk; ,aw;WtJ. 2tJ gzp- eph;thfj;jpid fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ.

Art 112d; gb gl;n[l; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gLfpwJ

jkpo;ehL- 39

jdpj; njhFjpfs;- 131 (84+47)

jkpo;ehL- 7

Kjy; kf;fsit- 1952> May 13- 489 Seats

Vjph;f;fl;rp jiyth; gjtp rhrdj;jpy; Kjypy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.

rpjk;guk;>

(khepy gl;n[l; - 202)

cta
mi
l.i

mjpfk;- c.gp-80

19 khepyq;fspy; kl;LNk jdpj; njhFjpfs;.

fhQ;rpGuk;>

ehif>

ePyfphp>

jpUts;Sh;>

mjpfk;- c.gp-17

njd;fhrp>

tpOg;Guk;.

jw;NghJ- 15th mit. (2009)

1977 ghuhSkd;w rl;lj;jpd;gb cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjy; egh;- Y.B rthz;.

Nfgpdl; ke;jphp me;j];J cz;L

nkhj;j
; cWg;gpdh;fspy; 1/10 ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Pro- Term Speaker- MLA or MP-f;fis gjtp epakdk; nra;Ak; jw;fhypf rghehafh;
MP njhFjp Nkk;ghL epjp- 5 Nfhb.

.1993ypUe;J toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

khepy fl;rp mq;fPfhuk;-1) njhlh;r;rpahf 5 tUlq;fs; murpay; eltbf;i

; ffspy;; <Lgl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2) khepyj;jpYs;s nkhj;;j Nyhf;rgh cWg;gpdh;fspy; 25 MP-f;fSf;F 1 MP vd;w tPjj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; or
3) nkhj;j MLA-f;fspy; 30 MLA-f;fSf;F xUth; vd;w tPjj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; or

.tn
ps

4) rl;lkd;w Njh;jypNyh or Nyhf;rgh Njh;jypNyh 6% thf;Ffs; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

v Njrpa fl;rp mq;fPfhuk;- 4 or mjw;F Nkw;gl;l khepyq;fspy; khepy fl;rp vd mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wpUe;jhy;

,il Njh;jy;- gjtp tpyfy; or ,wg;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; fhyp ,lj;ij epug;g elj;jg;gLk; Njh;jy;.

cg Njh;jy;- gjtpf; fhyk; KbAk; Kd;Ng elj;jg;gLk; nghJ Njh;jy;.

Nfs;tp Neuk;- xt;nthU ehSk; Kjy; 1 kzp Neuk; (11-12)

el;rj;jpu Fwpapl;l tpdhtha;nkhopahf tpil jUthh;.

el;rj;jpu Fwpapy;yh tpdhvOj;J %ykhf tpil jUthh;

FWfpa fhy tpdhnghJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j epfo;r;rp Fwpj;J.

Censure Motion (fz;ldj; jPhk

; hdk;)- kf;fsitapy; nfhz;L tu Ntz;Lk;.

No confidence Motion (ek;gpf;if ,y;yh jPhk

; hdk;)- vjph;f;fl;rpahy; nfhz;L tug;gLk;

ek;gpf;ifj; jPhk
; hdk;- MSq;fl;rpahy; nfhz;L tug;gLk;.

ww
w

mJ Njrpa fl;rp vd mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLk;.

jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; 6 Njrpa fl;rpfs;- BJP, Congress, CPM, CPI, BSP, Njrpathj fhq;fpu]; fl;rp

Jiz tpdh Nfl;fyhk;.

tpthjk; elf;Fk;.

Jiz tpdh Nfl;f KbahJ.

Kjd; Kjypy; - ruz;rpq; mikr;ruit (1979)>

. G+[;a Neuk;- jpdKk; 12-1

ntl;Lj; jPhk
; hdk;- khdpaq;fspd; msit Fiwf;f.

tpthjk; elf;fhJ.

10 ehl;fSf;Fs; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1990 - tp.gp.rpq;>

1997 - Njt nfslh

Nyhf;; rghtpy; kl;LNk nfhz;L tu KbAk;.

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www.tnpsctamil.in 9 of 17.
ePjpj; Jiw

3tJ mq;fk;.
cr;r ePjpkd;wk;

Rje;jpukhd> Rahl;rp nfhz;l xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l mikg;G.

(Art 124- 147)

. 1950 [dthp 28

1774y; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ - jiyik ePjpgjp- ,yp[h ,k;Ng

Kjypy; vz;zpf;if- 1 +7

2008y; 1+30

ePjpgjpfspd; vz;zpf;ifia $l;lNth or Fiwf;fNth nra;Ak; mjpfhuk;- Parliament

mbg;gil chpikfspd; ghJfhtyd;.

GJ nly;;ypapy; cs;sJ. Njitg;gl;lhy;; NtW vq;Fk; mkh;T nra;ayhk;- President mDkjpAld;.

ePjpgjpfis epakpg;gth;- President.

jFjpfs;- njhlh;r;rpahf 5 Mz;Lfs; cah;ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf gzp mDgtk; or

cta
mi
l.i

. 1986y; 1 + 25 vd cah;jj
; g;gl;lJ.

. jw;Nghija vz;zpf;i
; f- 1+26 ( as on April 27, 2012)

. Xa;T ngWk; taJ- 65

10 Mz;Lfs; cah;ej
P pkd;w tof;fwpQuhf gzp mDgtk; or
[dhjpgjpapd; fUj;Jg;gb rpwe;j
; rl;l ty;Yeh;.

gjtpf; fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;; vq;Fk; tof;fhl KbahJ.

gjtp ePf;fk;- ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Impeachment %yk;.

fhuzk;- jpwikapd;ik> epUgpf;fg;gl;l jtwhd elj;ij

gjtp tpyfy; fbjk;- [dhjpgjpf;F vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Mtz ePjpkd;wkhf nray;gLfpwJ- Art 129

rh;r;irf;Fhpa xU rl;lj;ij murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vdf; $Wk; ePjpkd;w kWMa;T mjpfhuk;
ngw;Ws;sJ.
Kjy; ePjpgjp- Harilal J. fhdpah.
2tJ ePjpgjp- M.P. rh];jphp.
. jw;NghJ fghbah (38tJ)

Kjy; ngz;- ghj;jpkh gPtp.

.tn
ps

. xt;nthU mitapYk; 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ik Njit.

. Kjy; jypj;- K.G ghyfpU\;zd;.

cah; ePjpkd;wk; (Art 214-237)

. fy;fj;jh> gk;gha;> nkl;uh]; (1862 [_d; 26)

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ- 1862.

Art 214- xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; cah;ePjpkd;wq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Art 215- Mtz ePjpkd;wk;.

mDkjpf;fg;gl;l vz;zpf;if-60.

epakdk;:- jiyik ePjpgjp - MSeuhy;.

jFjpfs;- 10 Mz;Lfs; cah;ej

P pkd;w tof;fwpQuhf gzp mDgtk; or

ww
w

jw;NghJ- . 1+ 53

. ePjpgjpfis epakpg;gth;- [dhjpgjp.

. ,ju ePjpgjpfs;- jiyik ePjpgjpahy;.

10 Mz;Lfs; cah;ej
P pkd;wj;jpy; ePjpj; Jiw gzp mDgtk;

Xa;T ngWk; taJ- 65

. uh[pdhkh nra;a tpUk;gpdhy; fbjk; [dhjpgjpf;F vOj Ntz;Lk;.

gjtp ePf;fk;- ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Impeachment %yk;.

fhuzk;- jpwikapd;ik> epUgpf;fg;gl;l jtwhd elj;ij.

jw;NghJ- 21 cah;ej
P pkd;wq;fs;.
ghz;br;Nrhp- nkl;uh];.
yl;rj;jPT- Nfush
me;j
; khd; epf;Nfhgh;- fy;fj;jh
fTfhj;jp- 7 khepyq;fs;
Nfhth> ilA lhkd;> jhj;uh ehfh; fNtyp- gk;gha;
jiyefhpy; mikahjitfs;- 9
Nfush> c.gp> mNrhk;> F[uhj;> k.gp> xhprh> uh[];jhd;> cj;jh;fhz;l;> rl;B];fh;.

. xt;nthU mitapYk; 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ik Njit.

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www.tnpsctamil.in 10 of 17.
Xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l khepyq;fSf;F xNu ePjpkd;wk; ,Uf;fyhk;- Art 231

kJiu fpis Jtf;fk;- 2004 [_iy 24

Jtf;fpath;- yNfhl;b
tuk;Gf;Fl;gl;l khtl;lq;fs;-12
fd;dpahFkhp> jpUney;Ntyp> Jhj;Jf;Fb>
kJiu>
tpUJefh;>
rptfq;; if>
GJf;Nfhl;;il> jQ;rht+h;>

jpz;Lf;fy;>
jpUr;rp>

cta
mi
l.i

fPo;epiy ePjpkd;wq;fs;: (Art 233 - 237)

khtl;l ePjpgjpfis epakpg;gth;- MSeh;.

uhkehjGuk;>
f&h;

7 Mz;Lfs; VjhtJ xU ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;fwpQh; gzp mDgtk;.

khepy muR (Art 152- 237)

v 3 mq;fq;fs;.

khepy eph;thfk;

rl;l kd;wk;

ePjpj; Jiw

khepy eph;thfj;jpd; euk;G kz;lyk;- jiyik nrayfk;

MSeh;: (152- 160)

.
.
.
.

ngaustpy; khepy murpd; jiyth;.

khepy muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizaj;jplkpUe;J Mz;L mwpf;;iffis ngWfpwhh;

khepy epiyikfs; Fwpj;J kj;jpa murpw;F 15 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw gUt mwpf;iffis mDg;Gfpwhh;.

kj;jpa gFjpfis kj;j

; pa muR Nehpilahf eph;thfk; nra;fpwJ.

[dhjpgjpahy; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
35 taJ g+h;jj
; p

.
.

eph;thf mjpfhuq;fs; midj;Jk; ,thplk; cs;sd.

gjtpg;gpukhzk;- cah;ej
P pkd;w jiyik ePjpgjp.

.
.

gjtpf; fhyk;- 5 Mz;Lfs;

kj;jpa murpd; Nehpil gpujpepjp.

.tn
ps

gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; Nte;jh;.

khw;wNth> ePf;fNth mjpfhuk;- [dhjpgjpf;F.

. kjuhR khepyk; 1967y; jkpo;ehL vd jPhk

; hdk; nra;ag;gl;lJ (ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; )
. jkpo;ehL

vd 1969y; ngah; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

nkl;uh]; -nrd;id vd khw;wg;gl;lJ 1996y;.

. a+dpad; gpuNjr MSeh;fs;- nyg;bndd;l; fth;dh; vd miof;fg;gLthh;.

. nyg;bndd;l; fth;dh;- lhkd;; ila+.

Chief Commissioner- me;jkhd; epf;Nfhgh;> rz;bfh;.

Administrator- yl;rj;jT
P fs;.

. kj;jpa khepy cwT Kiw- rh;f;fhhpah fkp\d; (1983) - mwpf;if- 1987.

ww
w

khepy Kjyikr;rh; - khepy eph;thfj;jpd; Kd;Ndhb.

. rl;lkd;wk;: xU mit or ,U mit nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.

rl;lg; Nguit- tpjhd; rgh

. khepyj;jpd; cz;ikahd mjpfhu ikak;.

. kf;fshy; Neubahf Njh;T.

. mjpfgl;r vz;zpf;if- 500

. Fiwe;j
; gl;rk;- 60

. gjtpf; fhyk;- 5 Mz;Lfs;.

. 25 taJ g+h;jj
; paile;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

. jkpo;ehl;by;- 234

. jkpo;ehl;by; Reserved seats- 44+2

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www.tnpsctamil.in 11 of 17.
rl;l Nkyit: tpjhd; ghp\j;.

. khepy MLA f;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; 1/3 f;F Nky; ,Uf;f $lhJ.

. Fiwe;jgl;rk;- 40

. gjtpf; fhyk;- 6 Mz;Lfs;.

; p
. taJ tuk;G- 30 g+h;jj

. cWg;gpdh;fs; Njh;T: 1/3 cWg;gpdh;fs;- khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpdhy;

1/3 cWg;gpdh;fs;- cs;shl;rp kd;w cWg;gpdh;fshy;

cta
mi
l.i

1/6 cWg;gpdh;fs;- MSeuhy;

1/12 cWg;gpdh;fs- Mrphpah;fshy;
1/12 cWg;gpdh;fs;- gl;ljhhpfshy;

. Nkyitia fiyf;f mk;khepyj;jpd; jPhk

; hdj;Jld; ehlhSkd;w rl;lj;jpd; %yk;; fiyf;fyhk;.
. jkpo;ehl;by; fiyg;G- 1986- k.ngh.rptQhdk;- MGR Ml;rpf; fhyk;
. <uit cila khepyq;fs;-

gPfhh;> [k;K fh\;khP ;> fh;ehlfh>

kfuh\;buh>

cj;jpugpuNjrk;>

Me;jpuh.

. ,uz;L mitfSk; ,ize;j $l;lk;; $l;l KbahJ.

; yhk;;.
. gz kNrhjhit 14 ehl;fs; jhkjg;gLj;j

. jkpo;ehl;by; Kjy; nghJ Njh;jy;- 1952.

rhjhuz kNrhjhit 3 khjq;fs; jhkjg;gLj;;jyhk;

Kjy; Kjyikr;rh;- uh[h[p (1952-54). fhkuh[h;- (1954-57)

. jp.K.f- 1949
Cjpak;;:

. FbauRj; jiyth;- 1>50>000

. Jizf; FbauRj; jiyth;- 1>25>000

. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs;- 30>000 (Pay)

DA- 1000/ day ($l;lk; eilngWk; NghJ)

mYtyfr; nryT- 14000 kw;Wk;; ,ju rYiffs; cz;L.

njhFjp mytd;];- 20000/khjk;

.tn
ps

. gpujkh;- 1>60>000 (vy;yk; Nrh;jJ

; - in 2010)

. cr;r ePjpkd;wk; - jiyik ePjpgjp- 1>00>000 (33000)

. ,ju ePjpgjpfs;- 90>000 (30>000)

. cah; ePjpkd;wk; - jiyik ePjpgjp- 90>000 (30>000)

. ,ju ePjpgjpfs;- 80>000 (26>000)

ml;ltizfs; (Schedules)

I khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa Ml;rpg;gFjpfspd; ngah; gl;bay;fs;

II- [dhjpgjp> Jiz [dhjpgjp> MSeh;fs;> ePjpgjpfs;> CAG Nghd;wth;fspd; rk;gsk; > ,ju rYiffs;
III - gjtp gpukhzk; > ufrpa fhg;Gg;; gpukhzk;; Nghd;w cWjpnkhopfs;
IV- xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; uh[;argh cWg;gpdh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia eph;zapg;gJ

ww
w

V- Mjp jpuhtplh; kw;Wk; goq;Fbapdh; thOk; gFjpfspd; eph;thfk;.

VI- mNrhk;> Nkfhyah> jphpGuh> kpNrhuhk;> mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; trpf;Fk; S.T gFjpfspd; eph;thfk;.

VII- mjpfhu gfph;T- 3 tifahd gl;bay;-

kj;jpa gl;;bay;

khepy gl;bay;

nghJ gl;;bay;

VIII- mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l 22 nkhopfspd;; ngah; gl;bay;

. 15tJ nkhop- rpe;j
; p- 21tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;- 1967
. rhrdk; Vw;Wf;; nfhs;sg;gl;l NghJ- 14
. nfhd;fdp> kzpg;Ghp> Neghsp- 71tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;- 1992
. re;jpyp> ikjpyp> NghNlh> Nlhf;hp - 92tJ rl;l jpUj;jk;- 2003
. rk];fpUjk;> cUJ- mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l nkhopfs;.
. Mq;fpyk;- mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l nkhop my;y

IX - ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F nry;y Kbahj rl;lq;fs;; gw;wp

(284 rl;lq;fs;; cs;sd)
. Kjy; murpay; rhrd jpUj;jk;> 1951-d;gb ,izf;fg;gl;lJ.
. jkpo;ehl;L ,l xJf;fPL rl;lk;> [kpd;jhhp Kiw xopg;G> epy rPhj
; pUj;j
; r; rl;lk;> uapy;Nt rl;lq;fs;

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www.tnpsctamil.in 12 of 17.
X- fl;rp jhty; jilr;; rl;lk;
52tJ jpUj;jk;> 1985-d;gb ,izf;fg;gl;lJ.
XI- %d;wLf;F gQ;rhaj;J uh[; rl;lk; gw;wp

73tJ jpUj;jk;> 1992-d;gb ,izf;fg;gl;lJ- eurpk;kuht; fhyk;

XII- %d;wLf;F efh;ghypfh rl;lk; gw;wp
kj;;jpa gl;bay;- 99 Jiwfs;

. ntspAwT . ghJfhg;G

. &gha;; mr;rpLjy;

khepyg; gl;bay;- 66 Jiwfs;

. fhty; Jiw

. cs;shl;rp .rpiwr;rhiy

nghJg; gl;bay;- 46 Jiwfs;

. fy;tp

.kf;fs;njhif fl;Lg;ghL

. vQ;rpa mjpfhuq;fs; - kj;jpa murplk;.

. 73&74 rl;ljpUj;jq;fs; 1993y;; eilKiw

cta
mi
l.i

74tJ jpUj;jk;> 1992-d;gb ,izf;fg;gl;lJ-

. ntspehl;L thzpgk;

.rl;lk; xOq;F

.jghy; je;jp

.Rfhjhuk; .ePhg
; hrdk; .Ntshz;;ik

.FLk;g eyk; .gj;j

; phpf;if

.jpUkzk;

.njhopyhsh; eyk;

ghuhSkd;w FOf;fs;

. Public Accounts Committee - 22 members - 15(LS) +7(RS) - vjph;f;fl;rp cWg;gpdh; jiytuhf ,Ug;ghh;.
. Estimate Committee 30 Members (LS) - vjph;f;fl;rp cWg;gpdh; jiytuhf ,Ug;ghh;.
. Rules Committee 15 Members (LS) - jiyth;- rghehafh;

. Business Advisory Committee 15 Members (LS) - jiyth;- rghehafh;

. Committee on Private Members Bills and Resolutions 15 Members (LS) - jiyth;- Jiz rghehafh;

.tn
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Kf;fpa murpay; rhrd jpUj;jq;fs;:

murpay; rhrd jpUj;j topKiw- Art 368

1tJ jpUj;jk;-1951 - 9tJ ml;ltiz Nrh;g;G

. 26tJ jpUj;jk;- 1971- kd;dh; khdpak; xopg;G

31tJ jpUj;jk;- 1973 - kf;fsit njhFjpfspd; vz;zpf;if 525 ypUe;J 545 mf cah;jj
; g;gl;lJ
42tJ jpUj;jk;- 1976 rpwpa murpayikg;G rhrdk;

rkj;Jtk;> kjr;rhh;gpd;ik> xUikg;ghL Nghd;w thh;ji

; jfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ
44tJ jpUj;jk;- 1978- nrhj;Jhpik ePf;fk;.

52tJ jpUj;jk;- 1985- fl;rp jhty;; jilr; rl;lk;

61tJ jpUj;jk;- 1988 thf;fspf;Fk; taJ 18 Mf Fiwg;G uh[pt;; fhe;jp- 1989y; eilKiw

ww
w

69tJ jpUj;jk;- 1991 nly;yp- Njrpa jiyefh; gFjp vd mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ- eurpk;kuht;

71tJ jpUj;jk;- 1992 8tJ ml;ltizapy; 3 nkhopfs;; ,izg;G

73tJ jpUj;jk;- 1992 gQ;rhaj;J uh[; rl;lk; 74tJ jpUj;jk;- 1992 efh;ghypfh rl;lk; - eurpk;kuht;
76tJ jpUj;jk;- 1994 jkpo;ehl;L ,l xJf;fPL njhlh;ghd rl;lq;fs; 9tJ ml;ltizapy; Nrh;g;G
84tJ jpUj;jk;- 2000 Gjpjhf 3 khepyq;fs; cjak;- rl;b];fh;> cj;jh;fhz;l;> [hh;fz;l;

86tJ jpUj;jk;- 2002 fl;lha fy;tp chpikr;; rl;lk;-

92tJ jpUj;jk;- 2003 ---- 8tJ ml;ltizapy; 4 nkhopfs;; ,izg;G

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www.tnpsctamil.in 13 of 17.
ml;lh;dp n[duy; (jiyik tof;fwpQh;)- Art 76
v

gzp - murhq;fj;j
; pw;F rl;l MNyhrizfs; toq;f> rl;lg; gzpfs; nra;tJ.

v jFjp- cr;rePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf epakpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd jFjp ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

. gjtpf; fhyk;- [dhjpgjp tpUk;Gk; tiu.

v epakpg;gth;- [dhjpgjp

. ghuhSkd;w $l;lq;fspy; gq;nfLf;f> Ngr chpik cz;L.

v ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; rl;l mYtyh;.

cta
mi
l.i

v MP -f;Fhpa mizj;J rYiffisAk; ngwyhk;.

v Kjy; ml;lh;dp n[duy;- M.C. Setalvad (1950)

. jw;NghJ- G.E. Vahanvati

v ml;tNfl; n[duy; - khepyj;jpd;; Kjy; rl;l mjpfhhp.

. epakdk; - MSeuhy;.

jiyik jzpf;if mjpfhhp (CAG) - Art 148-151

. kj;jpa khepy muRfspd; fzf;Ffis jzpf;if nra;tJ.

nghJ gzq;fspd; ghJfhtyd;.

epakpg;gth;- [dhjpgjp

. gjtpf; fhyk;- 6 Mz;Lfs; or 65 taJ g+h;jj

; p tiu.

cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfis gjtp ePf;fk; nra;Ak; topKiwapd; gb gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ayhk;.
jiyik jzpf;if mjpfhhp rl;lk; 1976y; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.

,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd mYtyfk;;- Dr. mk;Ngj;fh;.

jw;Nghija CAG - tpNdhj; uha;

Njh;jy; Mizak; (eph;thrd; rjd;)

1950 [dthp 25y; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
RNal;irahd Mizak;- Art 324

. [dthp 25- thf;fhsh; jpdk;(2011)

. Rje;jpukhd murpay; rhrd mikg;G

jiyik Njh;jy; Mizah; + 2 Njh;jy; Mizah; (1989ypUe;J) - miztUk; rkk; (1993)

. gjtpf; fhyk;- 6 Mz;Lfs; or 65 taJ g+h;jj

; p tiu.

.tn
ps

epakpg;gth;- [dhjpgjp.

cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfSf;F ,izahdth;fs;.

gzpfs;:

. ehlhSkd;w Njh;jy; elj;Jjy;.

. khepy rl;lkd;w Njh;jy; elj;Jjy;.

. [dhjpgjp> Jiz [dhjpgjp Njh;jy; elj;Jjy;.

. thf;fhsh; gl;bay; jahhpj;jy;

. fl;rpfis mq;fpfhpj;j
; y; rpd;dq;fs; toq;Fjy;

. Njh;jy; Njjp eph;zapj;jy;

cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfis gjtp ePf;fk; nra;Ak; topKiwapd; gb gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ayhk;.
jiyik Njh;jy; Mizah; - V.S. rk;gj; (NtYhh;)

. Njh;jy; Mizah;fs;- Hari Sankar Brahma

jkpo;ehL jiyik Njh;j

; y; mjpfhhp (Chief Electoral Officer) - gputpz; Fkhh;.

ww
w

Njh;jy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffis cah; ePjpkd;wq;fNs tprhhpf;Fk;.

[dhjpgjp> Jiz [dhjpgjp Njh;jy; tof;Ffis cr;r ePjpkd;wNk tprhhpf;Fk;

Njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; Mizfs;; Fwpj;J cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; kl;LNk Kiwapl KbAk;.

khepy Njh;;jy; Mizak;

murpayikg;G rl;l jpUj;jq;fs; 73> 74-d; gb khepy Njh;;jy;; Mizaq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jdp mikg;G

. cs;shl;rp Njh;jy;fis elj;jfpd;wd.

thf;fspf;Fk; taJ- 18

. Cuhl;rp cWg;gpduhf taJ tuk;G- 21

Township - efhpak;.

.Contonment- uhZt FbapUg;G

.Notified Area- mwptpf;fg;gl;l gFjp FOf;fs;

cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; 1/3 ngz;fSf;F xJf;fPL.

khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J- 29

. Cuhl;rp xd;wpak;- 385

. Cuhl;rp- 12618

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www.tnpsctamil.in 14 of 17.
.khefuhl;rp- 10

. efuhl;rp- 152
khepy Njh;jy; Mizah; - Nrh. ma;ah;

. lTz; gQ;rhaj;J- 611

kj;jpa Njh;thizak; (Art 315-323)

. Kjy; Chairman- Ross Barkar

Lord Lee Commission.

. ghpe;Jiu-

1926 Oct 1. .

Art 315- xU ika Njh;thizaKk;> khepyq;fspy; xU khepy Njh;thizaKk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

cta
mi
l.i

kj;jpa Njh;thizak;- gjtpf; fhyk;- 6 Mz;Lfs; or 65 taJ g+h;jj

; p tiu- epakpg;gth; [dhjpgjp
khepy Njh;thizak;- gjtpf; fhyk;- 6 Mz;Lfs; or 62 taJ g+h;jj
; p tiu- epakpg;gth; MSeh;
xU Kiw kl;LNk epakdk; nra;ag;;gl KbAk;

. jw;NghJ- 1+9.

vz;zpf;if eph;zapg;gth; - UPSC - [dhjpgjp.

. khepyj;jpw;F - MSeh;

epjpf; FO (Art 280)

. vz;zpf;if- 1 + 4

1951

.Chairman- D.P.Agarwal.

. gjtpf; fhyk;- 5 Mz;Lfs;

kj;jpa khepy muRfSf;fpilNa epjpapid gfph;eJ

; nfhs;tJ
khdpaj; njhiff;F ghpe;Jiug;gJ
Kjy; jiyth;- K.C. epNahfp

10- K.C ge;j;

11- A.M. Khusro

12-C.uq;fuh[d;

13- tp[a; nfy;fh;

11tJ epjpf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiuapd; gb tpiuT ePjpkd;wq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;lJ (01.04.2001 Kjy;)

jpl;lf; FO khh;r; 15>1950

murpayikg;gpd;gb cUthf;fg;gl;l FO my;y.

. vz;zpf;if- 1+ 1+8

K.C. epNahfp-apd; ghpe;Jiu(1946)d;gb mikf;fg;gl;;lJ.

jiyth;- gpujkh;. Jizj; jiyth; - KO Neu eph;thfj; jiyth; - Nfgpdl; ke;jphp me;j];J

.,uz;lhtJ jiyth;- yhy; gfJhh; rh];jphp

.tn
ps

Kjy; jiyth;- NeU

Kjy; Jiz jiyth;- Fy;rhhpyhy; ee;;jh

.jw;NghJ- 10th- M.S. Aluwalia

khepyj; jpl;l FOtpd; jiyth; -Kjyikr;rh;.

khtl;l jpl;lf; FOtpd; jiyth;- khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J jiyth;.

gQ;rhaj;J uh[;

v khepyg; gl;baypy; 5tjhf Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

v gy;te;j; uha; Nkj;jh fkpl;b ghpe;Jiu mbg;gilapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ

gQ;rhaj;J uh[; rl;lj;jpd; kfhrhrdk;.
v %d;wLf;F Kiw -

. khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J
; >

.fkpl;b mikf;fg;gl;l tUlk;- 1956.

. Cuhl;rp xd;wpak;>

.ghpe;Jiu- 1957
. fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J

ww
w

v Kjypy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l khepyk;- uh[];jhd; (1959 mf;Nlhgh; 2)-ehf;$h; khtl;lk;- NeU

v ,ju fkpl;bfs;- .mNrhf; Nkj;jh fkpl;b- 1977y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. mwpf;if- 1978- ,uz;L mLf;F

. GVK uht; fkpl;b- 1985.

. L.M.rpq;tp fkpl;b- 1986

. jkpo;ehl;L gQ;rhaj;J rl;lk; 1994y; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ

. fl;rp jhty; jilr; rl;lk; cs;shl;rp kd;wq;fSf;F nghUe;jhJ

Art 343 - ,e;j

; p nkhopapd; Njtefhp vOj;J Kiw - ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rp nkhopahf mwptpg;G 1965

. (10 Mz;LfSf;F Mq;fpyk; ,izg;G nkhopahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ)

Mq;fpyk; epue;j
; u ,izg;G nkhopahf 1967 ypUe;J mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ

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www.tnpsctamil.in 15 of 17.

Xw;iw khw;wj;jf;f thf;F [dhjpgjp> Jiz [dhjpgjp> uh[;argh> khepy rl;l Nkyit Njh;jy;fspy;
filgpbf;fg;gLfpwJ. M];jpNuypahtpypUe;J gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ.
,lJrhhp > tyJrhhp France y;; Njhd;wpaJ.

Lame-Duck Session Njh;jy;; Njjp mwptpf;fg;gl;;l gpwF ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; filrp $l;lj;njhlh;.

[k;K fh\;khP ; - rpwg;G me;j

; ];J Art 370.

cta
mi
l.i

. jdp rhrdk;. ([dthp 26> 1957ypUe;J eilKiw)

. ,ul;il FbaAhpik

. ,uz;L mit rl;lkd;wk;

. mYty; nkhop- cUJ

. epjp neUf;fb gpwg;gpf;f KbahJ

Njrpa ngz;fs; Mizak; - 1992 [dthp 31 Kjy; jiytp n[ae;j; gl;ehaf;

SC/ST Njrpa Mizak; - 1978 [_iy 21.

Njrpa rpWghz;;ik Mizak; - 1979.

ejp ePh; jPhg

; ;ghaq;fs;

. ngah; khw;wk; - 1987

. eh;kjh ejp ePh; jPhg

; ;ghak; - 1969 -1978y; jPhg
; ;G 1979y; muR mwpf;if ntspapL.

; ;ghak; - 1969 - 1973y; jPhg

; ;G 1976y; muR mwpf;if ntspapL
. fpU\;zh ejp ePh; jPhg

. fhNthp ejp ePh; jPhg

; ;ghak; - 1991 jkpo;ehL & Nfush - 2007y; jPhg
; ;G
. 1929y;; Vw;gl;l cld;ghl;il kPwpaNj gpur;idf;Ff; fhuzk;.

khepyq;fSf;fpilapyhd FO (Inter State Council) - 1990

Zonal Council (kz;lyf; FOf;fs;) 5.

.tn
ps

nghJj; Njh;jy;fs;:

. kj;jpa cs;Jiw mikr;rh; - jiyth;.

. ,uz;lhtJ nghpa fl;rp- CPI

I 1952 (1951 Oct t- 4 months) 489 fhq;fpu]; - NeU.

II 1957 490 fhq;fpu]; - NeU.

III 1962 fhq;fpu]; - NeU 64y; kuzk;- rh];jphp 66y; kuzk; - ,e;jpuh

IV 1967 fhq;fpu]; - ,e;jpuh gpsT ];jhgd fhq;fpu]; & ,e;jpuh fhq;fpu];

,e;jpuh fhe;j
; p gLnfhiy 1984

; p gLnfhiy 1991
. uh[pt; fhe;j

Njh;jy; rPh;jpUj;jf; fkpl;bfs;:

. thf;fhsh;; milahs ml;il mwpKfk; - 1993 T.N.Seshan fhyk;.

. 1974 jhh;f;Fz;Nl fkpl;b

. 1990 jpNz\; Nfh];thkp fkpl;b

ww
w

. N.N. Vohra committee

. 2004 mizj;J ghuhSkd;w njhFjpfSf;Fk; kpz;zZ thf;Fg;gjpT ,ae;;jpuk; mwpKfk;.

Nyhf;ghy;: - kj;jpa murpd; murpay; eph;thf cWg;gpdh;fs; & MPf;fs;; Coy; Ghpgth;fis jz;;bf;f
. 1966> Adminstrative Reforms Committee ghpe;Jiuapd;gb mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

Community Development programme 1952

. 20 mk;r jpl;lk; - 1975

Ntiyf;F czT jpl;lk; - 1977-78

. TRYSEM 1979

IRDP 1980

. JRY 1989

Nghl;bfs; FO ( Competition Act) 2001

. NRY 1989

eph;thf jPhg
; ;ghaq;fs; Art 323 A 42tJ rl;l jpUj;j
; j;jpd;gb mikf;fg;gl;ld.

eph;thf jPhg
; ;ghaq;fs; rl;lk;> 1985d;gb kj;j
; pa eph;thf jPhg
; ;ghaq;fs;(CAT)1958y; mikf;fg;gl;ld.

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www.tnpsctamil.in 16 of 17.
kj;jpa Coy; jLg;Gf; FO (Central Vigilance Commission) 1964y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. rl;l mq;fPfhuk; - 1998

. ghpe;Jiu re;j
; hdk; FO

. ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F nghWg;GilaJ.

kjr; rhh;gpd;ik (Secularism) yj;j

; pd; nkhop

. 1789 gpnuQ;r; Gul;rp ,f; fUj;;ij gpugyg;gLj;jpaJ.

cta
mi
l.i

. 1791 gpnuQ;r; murpayikg;G rhrdk; gpuhd;ir kjr;rhh;gw;w ehlhf khw;wpaJ.

. murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;i
; fahf kjr;rhh;gpd;ikia filgpbj;j
; th; uQ;rpj;; rpq;.

. 1888y; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp kjr;rhh;gpd;ik fye;j Njrpaj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ.

. murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpy; 5tJ topfhl;Lk; nfhs;ifahf mike;Js;sJ.
. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjd;ikahd kjk; ,e;J kjk;.
kf;fshl;rp (Democracy) fpNuf;f nkhop

. kf;fshl;rp muRf;F mbj;j

; sk; [dehafk; -n`ull;l];
. kf;fshl;rp vd;gJ gyUila murhq;fk; - mhp];lhl;by;

. kf;fNs> kf;fSf;fhf kf;fshy; elj;jg;gLk; Ml;rp - Mgpufhk; ypq;fd;.

. kf;fshl;rp murpd; Kjd;;ikahd mjpfhuq;fs;- kf;fs;.

. kf;fshl;rpapd; Jhz;fs; - murpay; fl;rpfs; & nghJ Njh;jy;fs;.

. kf;fshl;rpapd; tif - 2

. Neub kf;fshl;rp murhq;f nray;ghLfspy;; kf;fs; Neubahf gq;nfLg;gJ. - ];tpl;rh;;yhe;J.

.tn
ps

. kiwKf kf;fshl;rp kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfshy; Ml;rp.

fl;rp Kiw 3 tif.

. xU fl;rp Kiw - rPdh> u\;ah

.,U fl;rp Kiw - America & England

. ,e;jpahtpy; 2 tifahd murpay; fl;rpfs; cs;sd.

.gy fl;rp Kiw - ,e;jpah

1) Njrpa fl;rp

2) khepyf; fl;;rp

; Kkhf tpsq;FtJ murpay; fl;rpfs;. murpay; fl;rpfs; ,y;yhj kf;fshl;rp

. kf;fshl;rpapd; capUk;> uj;j
khYkp ,y;yhj fg;giyg;; Nghd;wJ> JLg;G ,y;yhj glifg; Nghd;wJ. NeU.
rh;tNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpufldk; - 1948 Dec 10.

,e;j
; pa kdpj chpikfs; Mizak; - 1993 mf;Nlhgh; 12
cWg;gpdh;fs;.

.1+4

. jiyth; - xa;T ngw;w cr;rePjpkd;w jiyik ePjpgjp

ww
w

. gjtpf; fhyk;-jiyth;- 5 Mz;Lfs; my;yJ 70 taJ g+h;jj

; p.

. cWg;gpdh;fs;-5 Mz;Lfs;

. Fw;wr;rhl;bd; Nghpy; Gyzha;T nra;J mwpf;if rkh;g;gpf;Fk; ( 1 khj fhyj;jpw;Fs;)

. Mz;L mwpf;iffisAk; rkh;g;gpf;Fk;.

. Fbikapay;; ePjpkd;wj;;jpw;Fhpa mjpfhuk;

ngw;Ws;sJ.

kdpjd; xU rKf tpyq;F - mhp];lhl;;by;.

. Kjy; rKjha mikg;G - FLk;gk;

. ,e;j
; pahtpd; caph;ehb fpuhkq;fs; - NeU.

nghJ nrhj;J rPuopT rl;lk; - nrd;id khfhz muR -1937

nghJ nrhj;J ,og;G kw;wk; mopj;j

; y; jLg;Gr; rl;lk; - 1982

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www.tnpsctamil.in 17 of 17.
kf;fshl;rp mikg;gpd; caph;ehb - cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs;.
1) [dthp 26

fpuhk rig Mz;Lf;F 4 Kiw $Lk;.

2) Nk 1

3) Mf];l; 15

4) mf;Nlhgh; 2

jkpo;ehl;;bd; 31tJ khtl;lk; - mhpaYhh; (2007) 32tJ khtl;lk; - jpUg;g+h; (2008)

. fpuhk Cuhl;rpapd; Ma;thsh; - khtl;l Ml;rpah;.

khefuhl;rp -10 nrd;id> Nfhit> kJiu> jpUr;rp> jpUney;Ntyp> Nryk;> <NuhL> jpUg;g+h;> NtYhh;> Jhj;Jf;Fb.

khtl;l mkh;T ePjpkd;wk; - fphpkpdy;; tof;F

cta
mi
l.i

FW tl;lq;fis ftdpg;gth; - tUtha; Ma;thsh;.

. chpikapay;; ePjpkd;wk; - rptpy; tof;F

,e;jpahtpd; ehfhpfk; 5000 Mz;Lfs; goikahdJ

,e;jpah gy ,dq;fspd; mUq;fhl;rpafk;- Dr. Vincent Smith

,e;jpahtpy; ghurPfh;fs; te;J FbNawpa gFjp- tl Nkw;F

,e;j
; pahtpw;F te;jth;fspy; ,e;j
; pahtpd; gz;ghl;L ePNuhl;lj;jpy; xd;W Nruhjth;fs; ma;Nuhg;gpah;fs;.
,e;jpa ruhrdpf; fl;ll fiy- ,e;jpa ghurpf fl;ll fiy
itFe;j
; ngUkhs;; Nfhapy;- fhQ;rpGuk;

gpufjp];tuh; Myak; -jQ;ir

uhkehj Rthkp Nfhapy; - uhNk];tuk;. Eluhrh; Myak; - rpjk;guk;

rKjhaj;j
; pd; mbg;gil mq;fk; -FLk;gk;.

mbg;gil gs;sp - ,y;yk;.

,e;j
; pa nghUshjuj;jpd; KJnfYk;G fpuhkq;fs;.
,e;jpahtpd; nrk;nkhopfs; -4.

jkpo; (2004)

nghJthf FbAhpik 2 tifg;gLk;.

Secular, Citizen, federation Latin.

fd;dlk;> njYq;F (2008)

Budget- French

.tn
ps

Democracy- Greek

rk];fpUjk; (2005)

tsUk; ehLfspd; tWik> grp Nghf;f [.eh. FOtpd; jiytuhf gzpahw;wpath; C. Rg;gpukzpak;.
midj;Jf; fpuhk mz;zh kWkyh;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - Cuhl;rpfspy; mbg;gil fl;likg;G trjpfs; nra;jy;.
midtUf;Fk; fy;tp ,af;fk; (S.S.A) 2001 njhlf;ff;; fy;tp Nkk;ghL
Mq;fpNyah;fs; fhyj;jpy; [kpd;jhh;fs; cUthdhh;fs;
kf;fs;; Fiw jPhf
; ;Fk; ehs; - jpq;fs;; fpoik.

kf;fs;; njhlh;Gj; jpl;lehs; - tUtha;jJ

; iw mYtyh;fs; fpuhkq;fSf;F nrd;W Fiw jPhg
; ;gJ.
Cuhl;rpapd; Kf;fpa tUtha; - tPl;L thp> Foha; ePh; thp> njhopy; thp> nrhj;J thp
kj;jpa khepy muRfs; gy;NtW jpl;l epjpfisAk; > khdpaq;fisAk; khtl;l Cuf tsh;r;rp Kfik (DRDA)

ww
w

%ykhf Cuhl;rpfsf;F toq;Ffpd;wd.

Cuhl;rp Kiw

fpuhk Cuhl;rp>

Cuhl;rp xd;wpak;>

khtl;l Cuhl;rp

efuhl;rp Kiw

NgUuhl;rp>

efuhl;rp

khefuhl;rp

lhf;lh; Kj;Jnyl;Rkp kfsph; Fyj; jpyfk;.

. gpwg;G - 1886 [_iy 30. GJf;Nfhl;il.

. GJf;Nfhl;;il fy;Yhhpapy; Kjy; khztp

. nrd;id kUj;Jtf; fy;Yhhpapy; kUj;Jth; gl;lk;; ngw;w Kjy; ,e;jpag; ngz;kzp (1912)

. nrd;id rl;lkd;wj;jpy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Kjy; ngz;.

. nrd;id efuhl;rpapd; Kjy; mjpfhhp.

. nrd;id milahwpy; Gw;WNeha; kUj;Jtkidia epWtpdhh;.

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