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Europeanurology61 (2012) 621 626
Europeanurology61 (2012) 621 626
249 (82%) were significant PCa, and 53 (18%) were nonsignificant PCa. The detection accuracy of significant PCa by targeted
biopsies was higher than the detection accuracy of extended
systematic biopsies ( p < 0.001). Targeted biopsies also
detected 16% more grade IV/V cases. A targeted biopsiesonly
strategy without extended systematic biopsies would have
necessitated a mean of 3.8 cores performed in only 63% of
patients with positive MRI and avoided the potentially unnecessary diagnosis of 13% (53 of 302) of nonsignificant PCa.
Experts comments:
In the era of overdetection of insignificant PCas, this study is
of major interest and draws attractive perspectives. As many
as half of the PCas in men aged >50 yr may be insignificant
[1]. As suggested by the authors, MRI-targeted biopsies may
avoid unnecessary biopsies in almost 40% of patients and may
avoid unnecessary diagnosis in >10% of patients harboring
insignificant cancers. Also, decreasing from 12 cores to 34
cores in a biopsy procedure may affect morbidity, especially
by decreasing the risk of urinary tract infections [2].
Notwithstanding the quality of this work, some comments should be made on the methodology. From our point
of view, choosing predictors of insignificancy on biopsy as a
surrogate for true insignificant cancers diagnosed on
whole-mount analysis may engender significant bias in
the results. As previously reported in many studies,
prostate biopsies are subject to understaging. The detection of a low-grade microfocal cancer on biopsy is
correlated with insignificant cancer in <60% of cases
[3,4]. With this fact in mind, how can one choose biopsy as a
verification for MRI evaluation? Among the 302 cancers
detected in this series, at least some must have been treated
with radical prostatectomy, and we are somewhat frustrated at not finding a proper correlation analysis with the
specimen histologic findings.
References
[1] Haas GP, Delongchamps NB, Jones RF, et al. Needle biopsies on
autopsy prostates: sensitivity of cancer detection based on true
prevalence. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:14849.
[2] Nam RK, Saskin R, Lee Y, et al. Increasing hospital admission rates
for urological complications after transrectal ultrasound guided
prostate biopsy. J Urol 2010;183:9638.
[3] Allan RW, Sanderson H, Epstein JI. Correlation of minute (05 mm or
less) focus of prostate adenocarcinoma on needle biopsy with
radical prostatectomy specimen: role of prostate specic antigen
density. J Urol 2003;170:3702.
[4] Boccon-Gibod LM, Dumonceau O, Toublanc M, Ravery V, BocconGibod LA. Micro-focal prostate cancer: a comparison of biopsy and
radical prostatectomy specimen features. Eur Urol 2005;48:8959.
Nicolas Barry Delongchamps, Marc Zerbib*
Urology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University,
27 Fg St Jacques 75014, Paris, France
*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: marc.zerbib@cch.aphp.fr (M. Zerbib)
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.12.038
hemoglobin A1c that did not occur within the control arm.
Other parameters including markers of lipids and insulin
resistance were not significantly different.
Experts comments:
Hundreds of millions, perhaps billions, of dollars have been
spent over the past decade on attempting to discover the best
novel prescription or dietary supplement interventions for
prevention of PCa and biochemical recurrence and to mollify
side effects of PCa treatment. It is fascinating that it may turn
out that generic cost-effective (ie, cheap), heart-healthy, and
safe medications may have the optimal benefit to risk ratio
compared to anything else proffered to patients [1]. Indeed,
heart health appears tantamount to prostate health.
Metformin and lifestyle changes have a wonderful history
of safe and moderately effective weight loss in men and
women and show an ability to reduce the risk of other
metabolic syndromerelated issues and even diabetes [2].
These beneficial effects are still being observed long term, for
at least a decade, with these simplistic and cost-effective
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Urology 2011;78:6417
Experts summary:
The Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events
(REDUCE) trial, an international multicenter randomized, double-blind 4-yr trial to determine the risk of incident prostate
cancer in men treated with dutasteride 0.5 mg or placebo once
daily, included male volunteers between 50 and 75 yr of age,
with a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration of
2.510 ng/ml, prostate volume 80 cm3, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) <25 (or <20 when using a1-blockers), and negative biopsies for prostate cancer before trial
References
[1] Solomon KR, Freeman MR. The complex interplay between cholesterol and prostate malignancy. Urol Clin North Am 2011;38:24359.
[2] Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. 10-year follow-up of
diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention
Program Outcomes Study. Lancet 2009;373:167786.
[3] Jalving M, Gietema JA, Lefrandt JD, et al. Metformin: taking away the
candy for cancer? Eur J Cancer 2010;46:236980.
[4] Galvao DA, Taaffe DR, Spry N, Joseph D, Newton RU. Combined
resistance and aerobic exercise program reverses muscle loss in
men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer
without bone metastases: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin
Oncol 2010;28:3407.
[5] Crawford ED, Grubb III R, Black A, et al. Comorbidity and mortality
results from a randomized prostate cancer screening trial. J Clin
Oncol 2011;29:35561.
Mark A. Moyad
University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Urology,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0330, USA
E-mail address: moyad@umich.edu
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.12.039