PGS. TS. DANG GIA NAIPGS. TS. DANG GIA NAi AP DUNG CONG NGHE DUC DAY TRONG xAY DUNG CAU BE TONG COT THEP OW UNG Luc NHA XUAT BAN XAY DUNG NOI -LOI GIGI THIEU Dad gin mot thé ki, ké'tit khi ke? evi 66 tong cot thép die ting luc (BTCT DUL) duge phat mini, thé gidi da ching kién nhiéu thanh naw tuyét vei trong tinh vue xdy dung cong tinh, dae biét la cde céng tink céu vuot sing bang két edu BTCT DUL. Tit nhitng két cain hie ddim gidn dow thi cong bang plucng phap cong nghé trayén thong cdng wude wen bé oO dinh how thi cong nhimg nhip dém khdia do nh bang phuomg phap dic tai ché wén gidn gido, ngdy nay voi cde cong nghé méi tien tién nh dic ining, die dy cho phép cdc nude 66 thé xy dung duoc nhing nhip céu lin viet xa gidi han khdu do hip etia dém gidn don truyén thong. Bee voi cong nghé dic ddv (CNDB) theo chu ky nhiéw nude rkén rién sich thé” ict dd dp dung né ngay tir ddu nhitng nam 1960 wren co si CNDB toan khoi dd dp dung thank cong @ mot sO cong trinh edu nhc AGER (Ao) CARONT (Venezuela). Kinh nghiém ctia cde nutée cho biét CNDB theo chu k¥ duoc dp dung nhieu nhdt cho nhinwg edu 6 khduu dp whip vita phdi tit 30. + 80m, 165 sae nhdi 1a ur 40 = 60m. Doi vai cong mybe dy do todn bo qué wrinh diic var day duce thuc hign theo nguvén téc Indn phién lip di lap lui trong mot bo vén Khudw ed'dinh dat trén bé die phia sau m6 nén tao khé nang phat huy cao yeu 16 co gidi héa va hop li héa etia qué trinh dir suit cring ndut ede diéu kién dé ndng cao khd nang chuyén mon hoa trong cae thao tée cong nghé clia doi ngii cong nhan. Do nhiing Jot he'd nen thiéu nude tren the gici dé dp dung CNDD theo chu ky dé xay ding nhiéu cat voi clnéu dai lon. Cain cang dai cang tang thém so chu ki lap do dé inet qua kunh sé caing cao. Nady nay dd ¢6 nhiéu cau ehiéu dai lon v hon L.000m dave thie hién bang cong nghe n CO mute ta CNDD duow bat déu quan tim déir vdo thoi gian déu cia thuip ky 90, Song song v6i vide ta didu kién cho ede cong ty hang dau ctr nite ngoai nhap ang nghe me thong qua cde Tong cong ty xiy ding giao thong 6 trong nuée, ede chuong trink nghién citu cap he mticcing ducic bait dau tin khai. Bé tai KC10-09 thudc chong trinh KC10 vi tiéu dé Cong nghé xy dung cdc nhip cdu BTCT DUL khau do lon duu giao cho Vien Khoa hoc Cong nghé GIVT chi ni. Tir 1991 + 1995 Dé tai dd tap hop duge nhiéu chuyén gia dau Nganh trong va ngoai Vien. VGi sw dong g6p hiéu qué ca ede thanh vién tham gia, Dé tai dé hoan thanh duox uhiéu sdn phdm 6 gid tri, Mét s6 san phdm cia Dé tai nhc cde chi dén vé thiét ké vai cong nghé xdy dig ciing nhut cdc hé thong phin mém tink todn la co st? khou hoc di tin edy gitip cho nguei kF ste ut in trong vie dé xudit cde phuong dn tién kha thi, kita thi tién wi ldp dé dn thidt ké tng thé! Cudin séeh duge bién soan dua trén cdc ngudn tai liéu 6 trong ve god nudic ket Inpp vei mbt $6 ket qui nghién citu ciia Dé tai thong qua vige dp dung thanh cong mot so cong wink cdu dang duge xy dung. Trong ede chuong, muc duge trinh bay ctia cudn sdich da dé cap kha day dii va c6 hé thong nhitig noi dung khoa hoe cong nghé déi voi img van dé cu thé. 64 ecich twin bay nine vay cudn sdch cb the gitip cho cde kT ste thiét ké' nhanh chong néim bat duane cae kién thitc khow hoc cong nghe cia a ching toi mong mudn cubn séch cd thé doe ding lam gido tinh gidng IPP theo chu ki, Ngodi ra doi oi cbng tde gidng day ¢ nha wing day cho sinh vién cde lép cui khéa, déng thei Ia tai liéu tham khév nghién cits cho cde de gid quan tam Ching 161 chan thanh cm on tap thé cée cén bb khou hoc da tham gia dong bp n6i dung ctia Dé tai KC10-09. Chink tit nhiing két qud nay vic gid c6 diéu kién dé phan tich va bién sogn cudn sdch cb hé thong. Cui ciing ching ti mong nhan ducic cdc ¥ kién dong g6p ba ich ctia déc gid cho nhitng ché trinh bay cdn thidi sot ctia cudin sich Ha Noi, thang 10 ndm 2008 PGS. TS. Dang Gia NaiChuong 1 CONG NGHE DUC DAY . VA QUA TRINH AP DUNG - PHAT TRIEN 1.1. MO pAU 1.1.1. Cae dac diém co bin eta cong nghé dic diy theo chu ki Cong nghe dic day (CNDB) theo chu ki due» Batic dp dung chit yéu dé xay s Phan dogn dic dung céc nhip cdu dam ‘Shu Hen fat) betong cot thép dur img Ive (BICT DUL) hen tue. CNDD 1a su phat trién dua tren ¥ tuéng cia phuong phip lao doc ket hop véi ap dung tin bo khoa hoc kT thuat mdi vé ket sau BICT DUL. Dac diém mang tinh dac wumg nhat cia CNDD 1a qué trinh dic va day timg phan JL: Diic ddy phan doan dém doan dim. Dé thye hién (a hodn thank chu ki ddy dot déu tien) cong nghe nay phai xay dung trén dudng din vao edu phia sau m6 bé déc dim (hinb 1.1). Bé dite {4 noi dé dat thiét bi van khu6n d6 betong phan doan dim. Phan doan dam sau khi duge dite xong sé lién két v6i phan doan trade 6 bang cc bé cép du tng lye (DUL) va duge day di bing hé thong day hoac kéo mot doan dai bing chiéu dai cla phn doan. Dé day dim di 5chuyén duge dé dang ngoai hé thong kich day hode kéo di: manh ngudti ta bo tf ten pham vi bE dic va tru cdc hé trugt c6 hé sé ma sat nhd. Ben canh d6 phai c6 them cée thiét bi khée nh mai dan va tru tam. Mii dan va try tam Li nhiing ket catr phu trg nhiim lam giém ndi lye sinh ra trong qui trinh day dam, Trén hinh 1.2 mo ta so dé téng quat cia nhip dim cdu thi cOng bing CNDP theo chs ki. = Hinh 1.2: So dé thi cong cdu bing cong nghé diie déy 1. Phan doan dic; 2. Bai va b& diic; 3. Mui dan; 4. Kich dé kéo, diy dim; 5, M6 edu; 6, Thanh (day) kéo; 7. Tre cfu: 8. Tru tam; 9. Cac g6i tru, Do vige diy dim phai trai qua nhiéu so 46 chju lye Khe nhay nen tig dign thutng phai chju lye déi dau, vi vay bé cap trong thi cong duoc bé tri thing & thé trén va thé duéi, Dé dat dude su hop hi taeng d6i, trong qua trinh so day thudng ©6 str chuyén dich thay 46i b6 cap ti vj tri nay sang vi ti khdc. Tuy nhién cing c6 nhiée quan diém khic nhau. Néu xét higu qua trong vige chi phf it vat ligu thi nén 4p dung giai phap ten ahung trong truimg hap gid vat ligu ré, gid nhan cong dit c6 thé dé lai cae b6 cap thi cong mia khong e’in chuyén dich vi tri. Cée ¥6 cp tinh cho giai doan khai théc sé duot cang bé sung thém sau khi hoan thiinh cOng tac lao day. ‘Cac phan doan dim DUL duge ché tao thuding c6 chiéu dai bing nhau (iris 2 phan doan diu va cudi) khoang tir 10 + 30m. Chiéu dai cae phan doan duge xac dinh trén co s6 tinh ton thoa man yéu céu mdi ndi khong roi Vao vj tri chiu Yue bat Igi nhat trong giai doan khai théc dam va phd hop diéu kién va kha nang cung cp bétong cita tram ttn, sao cho thei 6gian dé dé xong mot phan doan khong qué dai vuot qué céc quy dinh hign hanh, thong thubng < 5 gid. Tien dé thi cong cae nhip dim theo CNDD quy dinh boi chi phi th’i gian cho 1 chu ki. Mot chu ki diic day bao gdm thi gian can thiét cho céc cOng doan tit viée lap dumg b6 cap DUL. c6t thep thuting, dé berdng, bao ducting bétng cang kéo b6 cip va day xong 1 phan doan. Chu ki ngan hay dai 1a thudéc do danh gid trinh do cong nghé ciia don vi thi céng, Chu ki cang ngin diéu d6 thé hi¢n co so duge trang bi hién dai va tay nghé cita doi ngé cong nan cao, Hien nay mot sO nude tién tién da dat tdi chu ki 7 ngay. Céc nude cham phat trién tir 10 = 20 ngay 1.1.2. Céc Iyi thé va abhimg han ché cia CNDD theo chu ki O muc 1.1.1 da winh bay cae dac diém co ban cla CNDD theo chu ki. Thue chat cia phuong phép cong nghé nay 14 su luan phién lien tue cia eae chu ki che tao vi tao day dim, ‘Theo ¥ kién cita cdc chuyen gia nude ngoai thi so véi cée phuong phép xay dumg cau truyén théng ké ca cde ciu bang BTCT lap ghép, phuong phap déc ddy cho phép ha gia thanh va chi phi lao dong duge 5 + 10%, nil ngin duuc rat nhiéu thai gian xay dung. Co sir dé dat duge higu qua cao nhur trén 1a nho mic dd co giéi hod sin xuat cao, sir dung mot it ce wrang thidt bj, 66 van Khudn sit dung nhiéy lan, gidm duge thoi gian cho viée thdo Lap trang bi nhés c6 cdc nguyén cong cing kiéu lap di lap lai véi 86 Iugng 163 thigu cong nhan phuc vy, t6 chic cong vige ranh mach 4 moj day chuyén san xudt, cho phép thi cong cdu véi nhip do tir 20 + 30m dai tong | tun hoge cao hon véi cde doi cong nhan Kho’ng 15 + 30 nguai Jam theo 1 ca, Ngodi ra cén bd qua duoc cdc cong viée van chuyén céc civ kign roi tér nha dy san xudt ti cong trudmg va sau d6 dua ra cong tinh hoae t6i trién da dé lao lap nhu trong truémg hop diing phuong phép lip rap theo day chuyén tir phia sau, Ben canh 6 cdn gian don duge qué inh tu chinh va ghép ndi cdc cau kign lap In véi nhau thanh mot két cau thong hat ma phuong phép thi cong lip ghép phai lam. So véi cae phuong phép cong nghé khéc, thi phuong phip dic diy mic dd an toan va kha nang kiém tra duge cic cong viée cao hon, Nh vay, trén thyc 1€ sé tao dugc kha nang cong nghiép hod trong qua trinh san xudt va tao diéu kign tap trung hod sin xuat tai ché, noi sin xuat cdc phan doan dim. 7Ngoai ra c6 thé ndi chat lug khai thie cia cfc edu xay dung bing CNDD duge nang cao hon nbd ap dung cae hé két cau dang voi tra im lien tue 2 bi c6t thép DUL dai lién tuc. Gidi phap may cho phép khitc phuc ic chd noi thudng theo kigu két cau lap ghép dé bi moi trugng mua nang dinh hung. Toan bo qué tinh CNDD déu duge thye hign trén bai dic tren dudng vao céu nén c6 digu kign tgo duge céc bien phdp bio ve haw higu trong viée ngan chan cde yéu 6 anh huimg ciia khi hau moi wruding xam nhap tir ben ngoai cling nhu dé dang kiém soat chat Iugng cdc gia doan cong nghé. duige Hinh 1.3: Céu cong bang c6 ‘ban kinh R= 150m dang trong qué: trinh thi cang day qua thung ling (CHLB Biéc) Doi vi CNDD do vige dtic timg phan doan agin nén dé ding tao duge hinh ding cla nhip dam nh kiéu dim cong (hinh 1.3). Ngay nay cong ng he nay di duce 4p dyng ahiéu dé xay dung cdc nhip thang va ca nhing nhip dim cong phi hop véi dia hinh noi xay dung dac biét 1a ving qua cde thung Jing, trién ni hoae cdc cong trinh céu thanh pho, cdc nit giao thong can 6 cic gid php giao cat lap thé (hinh 1.4), 8Hink Ls : Dy nhip ddim vueot qua mit giao thong trong thanh phe Khau do nhip ién nhat ma nhip dim duge lao dy theo chu ki tir mot phia béy khong ding tru tam trung gian, 6 nuGe ngoai 43 vuce due 67m, néu nhur ding thém céc tru tam thi c6 thé vugt duge nhimg ahip 1én hon. Ben canh nhiing Igi thé ca CNDD nhu da trinb bay 6 tren, c6 thé neu Jen may nhuge diém céin luu ¥: Doi voi CNDD su cain thiét phai thiét kE thi cOng bai dic va bé diie tren dudng din vao céu phia sau m6. Sav xhi thi cong xong, nhimg cat kign xay dung cia bé diic st khong duce str dung lai, vi vay c6 su bdi chi t6n kém. Ngoai ra do diéu kién si dung trang thiét dac thi rieng cla CNDD nén chiéu cao dim khong thé thay d6i duge dé phan b6 tinh tai phi hgp vi so d6 chiu lye ciia két cau dm sieu tinh lién tye. Vi vay han ché kha ning vvugt duoc khdu d6 16n nhu phuong php dic hing Do viéc lao day nhip dim qua cac vi tri khéc nhau trén suét chiéu dai ciu nén so d6 chiu lye phai thay d6i daiu thudng xuyén, din dén phai chi phi tn kém cho cdc cOng viee théo lip hiéu chinh bé cp trong qué trinh day. Trong trudng hop néu khong ding phuong phép trén thi bé cép dang thong su6t dé lai trong dam phéin nao dé lang phi va gay phan téc dung. 1.2. QUA TRINH AP DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN CNDD THEO CHU Ki 1.2.1, Nhac lai cde nguyén tie cv bin ea két edu BTCT DUL Cae khai nigm co ban vé két cau BTCT DUL da duge tinh bay trong nbiéu tai ligu nhue (1, (2), (31, [4], [5], [6]. Trong khuon khé cba phin viet 9nay chi nhc lai va phan tich mot s6 dae diém chit yéu cia két cu BTCT DUL dé lam co s& cho vige thiét ké xay dymg ahip dam lien tuc bing CNDD theo chu ki Phai néi rang: Tit khi duoc phat minh nam 1935, két cau BPCT DUL 4a duge ap dung véi nhiéu gidi phip cong nghé.méi trong xay dung céu betong. Co sé cho vige hinh thinh mot xu hung 4p dung manh mé loai ket caiu may trude hét 6 chd: Da gidi quyét duge vigc trier tiéu tng sudt kéo trong bétOng bing céch tao ra tmg suat nén trude trong n6, nhé thé ma phat huy rét cao kha ning chéng nit ciia dam, mot vain dé ma ket cau betGng va BICT thudn tug khong thé gidi quyét duge. Dé hiéu rd hon dac diém nay, 6 thé minh hoa so 46 lam viéc chia uén cua mot dam gidn don theo 2 giai phap két cau: két civ BECT thutmg va két cau BTCT DUL nhu tren (hinh 1.5 va hinh 1.6) OES — — Teng nee Bink L5: So dé lam vige chiu won cia kei cau BCT thueing oj ting sui Kéo do cot thép Chiu Rhi tho dui xudit hign véi mat Tir cée 50 dé lam viée ciia 2 loai két cau BTCT thubng (hinh 1.5) va két cau BYCT DUL (hinh 1.6) cho biét mot s6 dae diém c6 tinh quy luat chung nhu sau: - Dui téc dung ciia tai trong EP két cau BTCT thuimg sé xuat hign nhiéw vét nit 6 ving chiu kéo, khi d6 img sudt chju kéo 6 thé dudi sé do cot thép thuting chi. Néu cae vet nit c6 dO K6n > 0.2mm thi két cau sé bi pha va (theo QP 79). ~ Nguoe lai doi v6i két cau BTCT DUL trong trutng hop bé cap cang ép chinh tam thi toan bo mat cat sé duge nén trudc Vi tri s6 oy, =t. 10Dudi tée dung ctia tai trong IP thi tri sé téng hop ciia 2 thanh phin oy + 64-66 thé Xay ra theo 2 kha nang: Néu Gy lén va oy nhé thi thé chiu kéo cla ket cu van con chiu nén hinh { 6a) NE oy, nho va cy Jén thi thé chju kéo cla két cau chiu kéo (hinh 1.6b), 1 Lt ye ee eae me et a Kh YP nhs 8 jo ok SP -aok\ of Hinh 1.6: So dé oy ting sult nen trinde: op» tong suit win dad tac dung cia tat trong P 1 16 chu ud ctia ket cain BTCT DUP. (bd cp dat diing ram) Digu d6 néi len ring: Néu ta bo tri thém nhiéu bé cap va luc cang cia 6 cap tang Ién (Gi han thi kha nang chiu Iue cia ket cai sé tang len. Qua 46 sé cho phép gia tang tdi trong EP va day cing la tién dé dé tang khdu do nhip, - Vige tang kha nang chiu luc ca két cdu khong nhiing chi dua vio yéu t6 gia tang s6 lugng va lyc cang bé cap ma con dya vio vige tinh toan xe dinh vi tr hop If cia b6 cap trong pham vi tiét dign, Trén hinh 1.7 mé ta so dé lam viée cba két cau BTCT DUL khi bé cap nam léch tam dong trung hoa Trong trudng hop bé cép dat Iéch tam, so dé kam vige cla iu hac so vdi so dé lam vige khi b6 cap dat chinh tam, Cu thé 1a dudi tic dung ciia lye nén N nhu nhau, nhung khi b6 cp nim lech tam thi 6 thé chiu kéo, img suat nén Gn hon so véi truimg hyp b6 cap nam chinh tam (hinh 1.7): "Ont: = On +8 N_ Ne WwW om = Trong dé: ay - Ging suat phap: ©: - tng suat do udn; N - lye nén ép cia bé cap DUL; F- dign vich tidt dign dim barong: W - momen khdng. 4h af 8 Hinh 1.7: So dé lam vide chin ud evia ket edn BPCT DUL (6 cap dat lech tam) app ting sucit uéin duc de dung ctia nit wong P Nhu vay dui tic dung cita tai trong EP nhu nhau thi kha nang chiu lye cla phurong an két cu véi b6 cép DUL dat léch tam 1a cao hon vi ding suat duge nén trude 6 ving chiu kéo lén hon, Tuy nhién vige b6 tri b6 cép DUL lech tam va song song véi truc tim dim chua phai 1a phuong én hgp Ii tuyét d6i vi duéi tée dung cua tai rong IP momen udn 16n nhat phat sinh d vi tri 1/2L. G2 dau dém khong xuat hign momen vi vay 6 thé duéi vung chiu kéo (ké ca ving chiu nén) king 10n ai ting suat do ubn. Trong Khi dé néu bé tri b6 cép thing song song vGi true tim dim thi ding suai nén lai sinh rad nhing vi tri nay rat 1d. Vi vay trong cOng tie thiét ke, b6 cép dat lech tam thudng bé tri theo dang duong cong Parabol nhim to ra dubng bao momen vat liu phit hgp so d6 momen udn do ti trong EP. Trén hinh 1.8 biéu dién duimg cong bé ep dat Iéch tam theo dang dudng cong parabol. Tai vi trf mat eat X, noi ue sinh ra do b6 cp DUL ae sau:Tai Vitti 2daudim: — ayo Say Hinh 1.8: So dé lam viée chu wén cid két edu BTCT DUL (bb edp tinh parabol dat léch tm) Tir nhimg dac diém 6 tinh chat quy luat céta két edu BTCT DUL nhu i trinh bay 6 tren, trong may thap ki qua nhiéu chuyen gia trong Finh vue xay dumg céu da van dung n6 vao thiét ké va xy dmg nhimg cong trinh cdu BIT DUL nhip 16n tren co sé ap dung c&e cong nghé xay dung ciu tign tign. Doi véi cong nghe dic fing nhi gidi phép diic timg dogn va cang kéo b6 cap DUL theo so 6 hop If nén d6 én duge thiét k€ phir hop vi so d6 chiu luc vi day 1a co sé chit yéu dé tg0 tién dé vuon dai Khdu do nhip cau. Doi vai CNDD theo chu ki, dic diém mang tinh dic trung nht 1a su luan phign dic va-day timg phan doan dam being ten mot b6 vin khu6n cé dinh. ‘Trong qua tinh day, nhip dam chiu téc dong cia so dé lye déi dau tren hiu hét ca tit dign, dac bigt d6i v6i nhiing phan doan dau tien, Do vay b6 céip khong nhitng chi bo trf dé triet tiéu ting suat kéo & phéin dud ma con phai bo tf cd phéin trén dé trigt tigu tng suat kéo xudt hin 6 phan ren. Diéu d6 n6i len ring: Néu khOng giai guyet duge van dé wiet ti¢u img sudt kéo trong bétOng thi khong thé ap dung CNDD theo chu ki dé thi cOng cau duge. Vi vay két cu BCT DUL c6 thé duge coi 1A co sé dé 13hinh thanh va phgt trién CNDB va ngugc lai CNDB chi duge Sp dung chi khi cd két cdu BTCT DUL. 1 Nhing tién de tir viéc xay dumg cu BT'CT bang phuong phap laa doc toan Khoi Phuong thifc tht cong bing phuong phdp lao doc bao gig cling hap dan cae nba xéy dung cau khap cde nivde trén thé gidi bi céc Ii do sau: ~ So d6 tinh toan tuong doi ranh mach, mac déu cé nhiéu bién d6i trong lién trinh nhip dim duge day di Nhip do thi cong xay dung cao, trén thue té co thé thi céng quanh nim bat ect trong hoan cainh ado va khé hau thoi tiet nhur thé nao. Co thé tién hinh céc nguyén cong Lao lap véi mot b6 thiet bj don gidn khong nhiéu ching loai, Ngoaii ra khi so sinh véi cde phurong phdp khdc ngubi ta cing xét dén tinh doc lap cao cia cong vige sin xvdt déi véi nhimg diéu kign dia binh va thuy van 6 nai xay dung dong thi c6 nhimg tién dé khdch quan duoc tao nén dé gidn b6t chi phi lao dong va cui cing 1a gdm duve gid thinh cong tinh, Mac dau c6 whiting loi thé va tinh wu viet wen, nhung tren thé gidi cho dén nhimg nam 1950 phuong phip lao doc vin chua duge ép dung Vi gid thinh néi chung cao. Lic bat gid’ ngudi ta cho rang phuong phap lao doe nay khong thé dp dung dé thi cOng d6i véi nhip dam BTCT vi val ligu bétong khong thé chiu kéo t6t khi nhip dure ddy qua cdc vi tr dam chiu kéo bat Iyi, ma chi thich hgp véi céc nhip dam thép nhe vi thyc € vat ligu thép c6 kha nang chiu kéo nén nhtr nhau, hon nia vige sis dung ic trang whist bi dig cho vige lao day nhig gian thép khing khé khan. Mai dén nhimg nim dau 1960 ciing voi sy phat trién cia két cau BYCT DUL va su hoan thién’vé If thuyét tinh toan ciia n6é cling nhu cae gia phap mdi cho viee khéc phuc eéc tén tai cha céng nghé lao doc nhw vat lieu chong ma sit, cée thiét bi ddy cong suat cao v.v... $2 dua vi tri cila phuong phip lao doe cde nhip dim BTCT Ién tim cao hon, Co sé cia phuong phaip 1a tir ¥ tudng dé beng nhimg doan dim cé kich thude én 6 cling mot tiét dién, Toan bd cic dét nay dutoc dic va lien két voi nhaw artrén trién dc phan sau m6, sau dé sé duoc diy di tren trién da duge boi mé tron dae biét. Chie cau dau tién dugc xay dung biing phuong php nay Ii cdu qua song Ager trén tuyén Zalsburg - Lints do hang "Auterid”thyc hign. Cau c6 tng chiéu dai 288.9m, bé rong 29.1m duge thiét ke theo so d6 dim BTCT DUL lien tue 4 nhip: 72,6 + 2 x 82.9 + 25,9m. Nhin theo trie ngang cdu th? két cu nhip gém 2 dam hop ring biet 6 chiéu cao khong ddi la 4,46m, chiéu rong méi hop 1a 14,15m. Mai dam gém ti 60 doan riéng biét theo chiéu dai. Nhing phan dogn nay duce ché Igo trong 2 bd van Khuén d trén bd duiing din Vao cu va cho vuot trén mot trién da hep lat bang g6 bao nhin 6 bai Joai ma dac biet. G day cde phan doan diic cing duve trang bi céc tam trugt. Dé day di ngudi ta ding phuomg php kéo bing tii G phia trong dam hép, doc theo cdc thanh bén nghiéng ngudi ta bé tri cae b6 cap In, day dac hé "Leoba", Céch ghép néi cde dat duge thye hign bing cach ding bé cép cang kéo céc phan doan dim thong qua méi noi rong S0cm va dau cae phan doan dé thdi ra c6t thép thudng va duce han lien kes Jai vdi ahau. Kinh nghigm thu duoc qua céu Ager di duge hing "Leonhard" cla CHLB De sir dung vao viée thi cong civ dai 500m qua séng Caroni 6 Veneduela trong nhiing nam 1962 - 1964. 6 sau cita song Caroni cé chd dat (Gi 24m, Ge dd ding chay vio mila Ii dat téi 4.5 m/s. Diéu kign nay loai (rit kha nang lam gin gido. Ket cau ahip cau c6 dang hop, chiéu cao la 5.95m voi ser d6 hip duge chia fa 48 + 4 x 96 + 48m. Nguoi ta dad bétdng vit cing kéo lién két cde phan doan dam riéng biét dai 9.2m 4 tren by ri diy cling mot lin theo duding trugt d3t tren céc try e6 dink va tru tam @ phan Jong song. Téag khéi lung cdc dim duge day 14 10,000 ran. Dau khoi dim ngudi ta c6 gin thém mor mii din dé lam giam momen u6n xuat hién 6 hip dim trong qué trinh day. Nhiing momen mang dau aim va dau duong sé duge khac phyc nha c6 luc nén ép trirde cba he thong bo cip dy dav kigu “Leoba" bé wrt & thanh dimg dim hop. Viée ghép noi cac phan dogn dim duoc thu hién trén dubng dan vao cau trén mot tiga da dac diet. rida nay cing déng thoi [a dudng uot dé day ket cau Dung tug gém 2 dudng gir bing bétong chay dai lien we 500m, rag SOcm trén 46 co dat cde tim lit bing gd. Sau khi ché co ngudi ta dat Khoi dim len cdc tm trugt r6i ding 1) chuyén ching ti ché lap ghép Néu ding m@ do hing ESSO sin xuat dé b6i trun thi hg sd ma sat khi cic Khoi dim crugt trén cdc tam Lit 14 = 0,15. Khi bétong dic dat cudng do 5thigt ke ngudi ta nén ép céc phan doan bang mot le 5.000 tan, khi d6 6 dan dai cia méi bé cap la 2,8em: G cde vi tri trén tru 68 dinh va tra tam ngudi ta dat ce ban truot dac biet. Ton bé c6 phil tém thép ma crom dénh bing. O cde bin trugt dic biel nay ngudsi ta ding cdc tam trugt Teflon, mat tron tiép xiic voi tam thép ma crom va mat nhdm tigp xtic v6i d4y dam bétong cét thép. Véi kicu kat cau hé trugt nhur vay, hé s6 ma sat dat tir 0,01 + 0,04. Vi vay khi lao day c6 thé diing cde loai kich day cong suat khong lin Lim. Trong trutng hyp cdu Caroni ngudi t ding 2 kich cd cong suat tong cong 600 tan. Cac kich nay duge gd vao x4 mii cia mé theo chiéu nim ngang 6 do. cao cla da trugt. 6 cdu Caroni vi cae gidi phap cong nghé diy nhu da trinh bay & tren d3 dat duge te do diy khé 16n khodng 3,6 m/h. Sau khi da lao xong nhip dam. ngudi ta tip tue chinh lai cdc b6 cap theo dang hinh parabol dé chiu tai trong trong giai doan khai thac. Qué trinh diéu chinh hét stéc t6n kém can phai sir dung cdc loa thiét bi dac biét vi vay im phat sinh gid thanh xay dung. Tir2 vi dy dau tien trong viée 4p dung phwcmg phap lao doc & cau Ager a Caroni c6 thé thay mét sO nguyen cong bait hop Yi saat - Két cau duge tap hop tir cae cau kien biet lap do vay phai t6n nhiéu cong. stic dé hop nhat chiing lai va thuc hign cic cong vige lien két. ghép néi ~ Do nhip qui dai nén phai Lim nbigu tru tam tn kém, - Ce b6 cap ding dé chiu tai trong qua trinh thi cong sau khi hodn thanh viéc day dim én phai diéu chinh bang cdc thiét bi dac ching nén phat sinh nhiéu van dé Ki thuat phiéc tap lim tang chi phi xay dumg va tin ker. A Sura dai cua C theo chu VGi cac déc diém cé tinh chat Ivi thé va nhimg 16n tai gay han ché higu qud kinh té qua viée 4p dung phuong phap lao doc toan khdi thi cong 2 cong trinh cdu Ager va Caroni hang Leonhard 4a tiép tuc nghién ctu phat trign cong nghé nay theo huGng dtic day theo chu Ki. ign hink nhat trong théi gian nay Ia viée xay dung cau qua song Inn o Kufstain (Avs. ‘iu qua séng Inn c6 chigu dai 430m duge chia lam 5 nhip. Ba nhip git méi nhip dai 102.4m va 2 nhip bien, mot nhip dai 84,0m va nhip 1659,4m, Mat cat ngang cau duge phan thinh 3 ké¢ cau doc lap. 2 trong s6 46 ding cho dung ot6 thong thudng cdn nhénh thi 3 ding cho dudng truc cao #5¢, Qué trinh cong nghé duce thc hién nhur sau: au tien 12 vige sin xudt cde phan doan trong 1 b6 vén khuda c6 dinh G tren bd phia sau mo va céch mé mot daan dai bing 2 Vin dO dai cua phan doan. Phan doga div én duge lien két véi mot Avangbéch. Sau khi day phan doan dau tien chuyén dich duge mot quang bing chiéu di nd, ngudi ta de phan doan thir 2 tiép gidp ngay vdi phan doga chif nha, nhir vay béo dim duge sy lien tue cia cét thép doc theo chigu dai cla ton bo két cau mor cach dé dang. Sau khi day cau kign thir nhait va thet 2 ngudd ta tiép tuc dic phan doan thi 3 Dé dat cot thép doc nhip dim da sir dung c6t thép thudng va bS cap DUL theo 2 giai doan: Trong giaj doan thi cong chi sit dung mot luong bo cap dé chiu fink tai dim, phan cin lai chit yéu dé chiu tai trong trong giai doan Khai thée. Phuong phap bé tri bé cap nay da gin dan duge qua trinh diéu chinh b6 cép, ma phuong phép lao doc toan khdi mac phai. Do nhip 16m nguti ta phai bo tri them 2 ru tam & cdc loai nhip 102,4m va 84m va | try tam d mhip 59.4m vi vay da lam gidm kha lén ngi lye phat sinh trong qui trinh day véi chiéu dai cua mili din 14 35m. Mot diéu cn luu y & day 14 nhd c6 chiéu cao dim Idn (h = 4,6m) vi mai din c6 chiéu phi hap nén trong giai doan thi céag khong.cdn nhiéu bé cap DUL. Trong truang hop niy chi yéu cOt thép thudng chiu luc nén khong gay ahigu phite tap. 6 dai cha phan doan dim lay bang 10m. Thdi gian cia mot chu ki la 7 ngay. Céc thiet bi day duge sis dung lai tir cdi Caroni: Voi thanh cong bude diu & ciu Inn, tigp sau nhimg nim 1960 nhiéu cau BTCT DUL da duge xay dyng bang CNDD theo chu ki. Pham vi xay dung ching nhimg d6i véi cdu dudmg bo ma ngay ci cho cdu dung sit “Thye vay tren tuyén dudng sét cao te Paris - Lion thi 7 trong 9 chiée cu vuut dude di duoc xay dug bing CNDD theo chu ki. 6 day cing edn thay 1a xét vé thong sO thiet ké trong lung ban than két cdu cdu duéng sat 6 phin nhé han so véi tai trong téng thé vi vay vie dp dung phuong phap CNDD theo chu Ki li €6 doi thé 16 rét, v7Isx9+ 59+ dou wn gown | ¥9+59+19x9+08+Is*¢ ang | \eesty Bur Bung en endieyméea | oovee= | num soe jor t961 | eto | 296 6uorp ons ne9 doy guy 199 99 Op +O * Sb + Or ang 00 1z = tO UPH OLE 008 0864 | HO lejyoequery neg oy yuu 9 1pH Pir+0s*S+Zu7 outr eee 1261 | deve HO] suoeg Gugs end’nes, ‘woce =U UU eq au v9 ou wus eo 2H Weeeeiped Su0are9 S519) ox9) 1918 9 + | dest | 40 089 ¢0 couyuuzoew | av'eces'sy 2+ over see'oL ‘ous up 118 vee 2961 | devaHo | auooy oan nen, douwwureien | 194694 29+ y'Z0L E+ 62 j NNN Guas ogee = | ‘ouxiowuph so1a us saat | 08 | enbaeq gs Guorp nga 8 Z 3 $ a € z Tide ngs | Cueto eu Bue | Gorda vbopueae uk Jou Bu tenho Suanisoun | yay en aX neL IEA 9.08 en wep EN ell eee eee Buoy ae “11 surg bf nyD O94) GEN. Sued BuAp XeX aK YUL Buo: 18(2) 9x van hep ane drys Buanys = (94) Burp Aex douyayzipoign | Meree seer vic ie} van ng GD 0086 1900 Ua LOL Love zes: | oxuan | yesbebong emexngo | 2b ayyuuown | Mer Stp*c+ res az s =a mor | pau oe ever equedn | —agsSuanpngg | UL sou waren | COE+ OVOP b+ wzA = sr "94 U9 L918 wie aust | deusto | -wegoemn neg | ot finan sonouby 294 oy yu 9 er Weta dan ang | oe Buonp vgn wz Bun, 0068 (ou 1919 0 aH | Gungenvoeangy | 6 uy yu e029 Li ye 6+ SEE ma ~ cogzh= | uNugH oa wu 0s6: | suo | renegenamings | a ~ 7 ardway 9 040 Sucre ues lou uy ea ev ee ang / aeing Gun Bung end 00501 = ‘ous uN 1018 ad $i6) | BMI | spqGuenpinaneg a Z 3 : P é z T (oays dou) 7 3upg 19Doi véi cée civ cong tren mat bing ngang (hinh 1.3), vige 4p dung CNDD theo chu ki cing 6 ra khé thuan loi dac biét 1d cdu c6 bin kinh cong khong doi trén todn hip, vi dy ciu Restel (Italia) dai 320m voi R = 150m, cau 6 Aicap dai $35m c6 bin kinh cong 12 07m. Tinh dn nay urén the gidi di c6 khong 200 chiée cdu duyc xay dyng bing CNDD theo chu ki, Nhiing nude 4p dung CNDD theo chu ki nhiéu nhat 12 CHLB Date, Yhap, Italia. Aicap, ... Tuy nhién do dac diém cia time nude vé trinh do cong nghi g. diéu kign moi trang. thién nhién ma trong viee 4p dung 2 CO nhiing diém riéng biét dé thod man cdc yeu cau cy thé ‘tia nufée dé nham mang lai higw qua kinh té cao nhat. Trén bang 1.1 neu Jen mot s6 cng trinh céu BTCT DUL thi cong bing CNDD theo chu ki cia mot sO nude trén thé gid. cong nghe 1.2.4. Mot s6 quan diém trong vie 4p dung CNDD theo chu ki & cae nude trén thé gidi 6 CHLB Die noi hinh thanh va phat trién sém nhat loai cong aghé nay. ngudi ta dat muc fiéu higu qui kinh 1 qua dp dung CNDD theo chu Ki ché gidm phi t6n vé nhan lye. su thong nha hoa rng rai va sir dung nbigu lan trang thiet bi nhur vin khuon, moi dan, thigt bi trun... Trong khi ds cde nude Php va Italia coi vige dat duoc nhip dO thi cong cao c6 ¥ nghia dac biét nhat. Con trong diéu kién thiée lye lugng cong nhan Kink nghé nhu & Aicap va mot sé nude khéc thi ngudi ta chi yéu khai thac cong nghé nay do kha nang bio dim an toin khi tién hanh cong viee va Kha nang ki¢m tra bao quat & mtte dO cao so véi cde phuong phap xy dung kha, Ngoai ra gidi php cong nghé nay cdn tao khvi nang 1én trong bin phap bao dam chat luong thi cong cong trinh. Do tren nén hién nay nhiéu nude da ap dung CNDD véi mot qquy m6 c6 tinh hé thdng chat ché va theo thi gian ngay cing duge hodn thién va phat trién. 6 Vigt Nam tir déu nhiing nam 1990 CNDD theo chu ki méi duge bat diiu dé cap dén. Ching ta di sau nhiéu nude tin tién wen thé gidi trong vige dp dung cong nahé nay nhimg diéu dé néi chung khong gay 1rd ngai ln ma cling ¢6 thé day Ia yeu t6 thuan Igi vi ching khong cin phi bit dis tir diém xuat phat md c6 thé di tt, dén dau. Mat khéc cing thay rang: Khi hau kho néng quanh nam 6 Viet Nam cing 1a moi trudg thich 20hop cho viée ap dung CNDD theo chu cung do betong td rat If tung, Vi vay diéu chit yéu G ta hign nay 1a nghien cifu 4p dung thanh cong cong nghé nay phi hgp véi diéu kien va nang luc thie té vé trinh dO cong nghé cia céc co sé sin xudi & trong nite ‘That vay. tir 1995 - 1998 cau Hign Luong - QLIA (Quing Tri) bang két cau dim hop BTCT DUL thi cong theo CNDD Mn dau tien da duryc xay dung & nude ta (hinh 1.9). Hinh 1.9: Mii din dé doe lip vo dot ctu tien credu thién Lucong © cau nay quan diém cia don vi chuyén giao (CHLB Nga) chi yéu hung t6i myc ti¢u gidm chi phi sit dung nhan cong, do don vi nhan chuyén giao (phia Vi c6 trinh do van hanh trang thigt bi cong nghé cao, diéu nay phii hop y6i quan diém cla nganh Giao thong van tai 1 thong gua cong 14¢ chayén giao CNDD 6 céu Hién Luong ¢é dao tao cong nhan, cin bo va nang cao kha nang lim chi KHCN cia doi ng cin bo Ki thuat cla Neganh. Chi truong dat ra cia Nganh da duge thuc hign cd hig qué vi sau khi xay dung xong cdu Hién Luong, cdc co quan tw vain va nha thau trong nude da ty thiét KE va thi cOng mot s6 cOng trinh céu BTCT DUL bang CNDD cla CHLB Nga nhu: Quén Hau - QL 1A (Quang Binh), Sio Phong - QL 12A (Quang Binh), Dinh (Nghé An), Ha Nha - dung Hé Chi Minh (Quing Nam), v.v.. 21Chuong 2 THIET KE NHIP DAM CAU BTCT DUL BANG CNDD THEO CHU Ki . CHON PHUONG AN THIET KE THEO HUONG CNDD ‘Trong nhimg nam déu wrién khai dp dung CNDD theo chu ki nguii ta quan nigms rng cong nghé nay chi thich hgp véi nhimg cong trinh cu dai tir 250m + 500m véi 46 cao tinh Khong (so véi mat dat) ti 10 + 20m Ngay nay ngudi ta da xay dumg céu c6 chiéu dai 2 1000m, wi du cau duce xay dung 6 ving Stuttgard qua song Aistall nam 1981 1a cdu vugt 66 chiév di 1161m véi chiéu cao tinh khong 6 + 8m. Cau qua song Pd (Italia) dai 1296m, cdu dudng sét Oliphant (Aicap) dai 1035m, cdu vuot Pfedtepshaim (Ao) dai 1470m va nhiéu cdu khéc. Qua xay dmg hang loat cae céng trinh cau dai 6 cde nude tien tig ngudi ta cho biét higu qua kinh t€ cla vie dp dung CNDD theo chu ki tang lén cing v6i chiéu dai cau va ahy vay ciing tang theo s6 Iwong chu ki die diy. Trén hinh 2.1 bigu dién so d6 so sdnh gid thanh thi cong cdc nhip dim BTCT DUL hang CNDD theo chu ki voi céng nghé dé bétong trén gian gido déi v6i cdc trutng hop chiéu cao try khdc nhau phy thudc vo chiéu dai két cau. Qua so sdnh cdc phuong 4n nhv trén hinh 2.1 thi thay ring hiv qua kinh 1& cia viée ap dung CNDD theo chu ki ting lén cing véi chiéu dai cdu, Déi véi nhiing céu c6 chiéu cao tru > 10m thi véi chiéu dai céu > 250m thi cong bing CNDD theo chu ki [a ré nhat so véi cong nghé thi cOng trén d3 gido c6 dinh. Tuy nhién d6i véi nhimg céu < 250m véi chiéu cao try < 10m thi cé thé dp dung cong nghé dé betong trén da gido c6 dinh. Trong truding hop chiéu cao ty > 15m thi nhing céu cé chiéu dai > 170m khong nén ding phuong phép thi cOng bing da gido cd dink ma nen ding CNDD theo chu ki. Tuy nhién day cling méi chi xét dén yeu 6 22dia hinh cu thé cia cong trinh. Déi véi nhUng cdu xay dug trong thanh pho & c4e diém giao cat ciz ahing déu mdi giao thong quan trong, céu vuon qua ga, kho tang bén cing thi phutong phdp thi cong bing da pido os dinh div gid thanh ré nhung lam can u6 giao thong va Jam dah hudng dén nhigu yCu 16 kinh té x3 hi Khdc thi nén hudng téi 4p dung CNDD vi giai phap cong nghé nay mang rih kha thi cao. Phang php dic theo eh ky Prong php cng aa giao vo chs cao au < Sm Pung pha hi cng da gia vB cid co tr < 10m Phuong ahap th: cong a ado vo chidu cao tt < 15m Gia tnann 15m 10m, Chieu a 0 100 200 300 Hinh 2.1: So sdnh gid shanh thi cong edu BTCT DUL bing CNBD vi cong nghe dé béteng wen da gido c6 dinh e6 chidu cao sen kde nhaw (5, 10, 1Sm) 2. PHUONG PHAP CHON SO 26 KET CAU NHIP PHU HOP GIAT PHAP CONG NGHE DUC DAY Thong thu’ng mot dé dn thiet ké céu dage xay dumg phai xét hét cic nhu: digu kign dia chat cong trinh, digu kien thuy van, cde yeu cu vé tinh khong, khé théng thuyén, v.v... Di vi CNDD theo chu ki, ngoai cde yéu céu phai dp ting nher ren sy can thiet phai tinh (o4n tuyén chon so dé két cau nhip phi: hop véi so dé lam viée cua ket cau nhip dim 6 cc giai doan thi cong va khai thac. Mot dé an c6 so d6 kel cau nhip hgp Ii c6 nghia 1a ty nd tao dude cic tién dé shuain [oi cho cdc qué trinh tinh toan thiet ké va dap ting 6 higu qua va chat Iuong theo yéu cau digu kign cong nghé ic dac diém co ban cla CNDD theo chu ki, so 46 két eau duoc thi cong 14 kiéu dim lién tue ¢6 chigu cao khéng ddi theo chiéu doc Dua tren 23cau. Vi vay chiéu dai nhip thudng khéng 46n tim khoang tir 30 + 80m. ti uu nhai tir 40 + 60m va kich thude mat cat tiét diém gan mhu giéng ahau. So J duving bao noi luc cla 46 An duge chon phai dam bao tinh t6ng hoa wong doi, diéu 46 cé nghia YA trong qua trinh thi cong va Khai thie tat ca céc tigt dién dam & céc vi tri bat loi tr 6 noi Luc Khong c6 su chénh (ech qué lin din déin vige bé tri bé cap chd qué nhiév, chd qu: trong khi cu tao mat cat khong cho phép mé rOng them. Qua kinh nghiém cla nbiéu nude, viée chon so dé két cau nhip thuting ly céc nhip gida bing nhau va 2 nip déu va cudi ngin hon. Dé tgo duge so d6 during bao téng hoa, ti \¢ gitta nhip ngén va dai nén lay theo ti 1é 0,60 + 0.75. Véi ti Ie nay cho ta so dé phan bs momen khong c6 su chénh léch lén. Mét s6 ciu nhu: Hién luong (QL 1A - Quang Tri), Met (QL 1A - Lang Son) duge xay dung gin day cé so dé ket cau nhip phan chia theo ti 1é nhur tren (hinh 2.2), 015 2 0 0 38 2 200, 200 200 290 x & -~ as & a = 3 cou és Luong: 20,73 oa © 2 p24 too sto Iie Chu mer “3 = 0605 a & a te Hinh 2.2: So dé két cau nhip Tuy nhién d6i voi niiiing cdu 14 mot trong nhing don nguyen cita dé 4n tong thé cu thi c&e nhip déu va cudi dugc chon phai phi hgp vai yeu cau cu thé cila cong trinh 46, 6 mét s6 cdu do yeu cd mi quan cén phi béo dam tinh Tién tye wong d6i clia chiéu dai nhip thi khong thé thiét ké nhip chuyén tiép ngan duoc ma phai co chiéu dai xéip xi bing nhau. Vi du 6 cong trinh cu Quén Hau (Quang Binh), khi dp dung so dd bé tri ké cau nhip cita céu Hién Luong vao lam nhip dan phia bo Bac, trong khi nhip hang cia phan céu chinh c6 khdu 8 65m thi khong thé ding nhip ngin 30.75m dé chuyén tiép duoc ma phai bao dam Xap xi bang chiéu dai cia ohip gitta, Do vay phai bd nhip ngan 30,75m va thay vao d6 nhip 2440 + 42m dé dim bao yéu céu tinh chuyén tip khdu d6 nhip hai hod. Tuy nhién ciing cin phai tinh todn lai so 46 phan b6 ngi luc, Nev 17} sO Adi tue chénb Jéch qué tén thi phai mé rong mat cat tiét dién dé b6 tri b6 cap céin phai tang them (hinh 2.3). Trén hinh 2.3a biéu dién so d6 cau Hién Luong €6 ti Ie gitta nhip ngin va dai 0,73. Do nhip dam duge bé tri d6i xing nen so dé phan bé noi lye twong dé hai hod. Momen lén nhat xuat hi¢n wee e8C (EU: Mp = — 3.4777. Trong khi dé d6i voi cdu Quan Hau néu cat 6 nhip dau 30,75m thi momen lén nhét xuat hién o tru 4 1a - 4,804Tm. ‘Trong trudng hgp nay cén phai tinh todn cu tao mat ct phi hgp dé di bé tf bd cép DUL. Déi vdi nhimg céu cd khdu 46 trong pham vi tir 100 + 200m véi so dé 3 nbip, trong thi cong khong dp dung cong nghe day tir mot phia ma diy tir 2 phia va thyc hién vie 6 betOng hgp long & gitta 2 nhip thi ti é gidt nhip ngan va dai ly = 0.5. 3477 (Tm) Hinh 2.3: a) So’ dé dung bao momen giai doan khai théc edu Hién Luong (Quang Tri): b) Sodé ducing bao mémen giai doan khai théc edu Quan Hdu (Quéng Bink) 25Vi dy cau Sampini (hinh 2.4) dai 140m. Hai nhip ngan dau va cudi 1 35m va nhip giita 70m. Giai phdp cng nghé day tir 2 phia cho phép Lim. tng khdu do nhip gidta vi giém duge chiéu dai nhip hing cong son & ahip J6n gin bing chiéu dai nhip déu va cu6i. Tuy nhién dé dim day duoc ‘rong pham vi nhip dau va cudi ciin phai cé them try tam. 86 trong Bel neng \ aaa / | 35003800 4 ua | \ [3090 50,00 | } | | _siao__|, 3500 | 3000) so00 | 3500 3440 | Bi rong Hinh 2.4: So do kei cdiu nhip cdu Sampini Nhimg és 06 chiéu dai 200 < / < 500m nén phan thanh nhiéu nhip c6 khdu do tir 40 + 63m Ia hop If nhat. Trong truimg hep auic khong su, song can, dia chat phii hop cho viéc 1am try tam dé dang thi c6 thé cau tao chiéu dai khdu do nhip t6i da kho’ing 60 + 80m. Gidi phap cong nghe dic diy chi nén tign hinh tir mot phia. Digw 46 06 nghia chi lam mot bai dic wen dé 66 be dic dim. phap nay cOing c6 thé duge ap dung dé thi cong ctu od chiéu dai > 500m. Trong trang hop cfu qué dai ~ 1000m hoac dai hon do rai trong dim [én nén lam ting lye ma sét, céich tt nhat la diy tir 2 phia dé phi hop véi diéu kign va nang yc cong nghé. Tuy ahién ciing céin so sanh ki luting cae yéu t6 66 te dong truc tiép dén hiéu qua kinh té nhu vige gia tang kinh phi do lam thém bai diic va bé diic dim ciing nhur cde cong viée phat sinh khic nhu vain dé lien két hgp long dam 6 gitta cfu v.v.. 262.3, CAU TAO HINH DANG VA KICH THUGC MAT CAT TIET DIEN Doi vi CNDD theo chy kL) 4 do dac digm phai thi cong h ag) luan phién bang céc cong vige va bé uf nhan luc ging nhau dé dat higu qua kinh te cao nén bo vin khudn ché tao phan doan dim cho toan bo chu ki dic day 1a e6 dink Digu dé din dén cau tao mat cat tigt dign dim hodn ton khong doi trén suét chiéu dai dim, Dang mat cét ti¢t dign duc chon theo 2 dang chit yéu: Dang hop va dang ban Homberg (hinh 2.5). Dei vdi cu bo tri chiéu dai nhip 1én > 40m thudng ding két cau tigt dign dang hop kin. Dang hop kin cé wu diém cheng xoan t6t, rat thich hop vai ahip dam dang cong trén mar phing ngang chiu momen xoiin Jdn. Khi chon chiéw cao cia hop 6 cae auée tién tién nhy CHLB Dic, Phip thudng khong dua ra cic con $6 xac dinh ma chi ude chimg trong pham vi chp nhan duge dé dim bio céc yeu cdu vé cau ta0 va diéu kign thi cong. Tren bang 2.1 neu lén cdc do 1én tuong.déi ca chiéu cao dém theo dd dai tung binh cla khau do nhip. Hinh 2.5: Dang mat cit igi dign 44) Daeg hp: 6) Dang bin Homberg, Bang 2.1. Chiéu cao tiét dién két cau theo khau do nhip trung binh | Khau do 40 50 60 10 tung binh im) | (35 +45) | (45+ 55) | (88 +65) | (65 +75) ieucao(m) | 18+35 | 26+42 | 45459 | 5468 | 262 | Tir cae kei qua trén bang 2.1 c6 thé rit ra quy lugt wong déi dé xéc dinh chiéu cao dim hop h = (1/16 + 1/211. Vige b6 trf thém cde sudn dung cua hop can ctf vio dd kén chiéu rong hop. Néu chiéu rong < 13m 6 thé 1am I hop ¢6 2 sum ding hode xién, Néu chiéu rong > 13m thi phai cau wo thém 1 suim ding & gitt (hinh 2.6). 27beam tom sb < 18m T8msb<25m Hinh 2.6: Cée dang tei dién dim Trong trutng hgp chiéu rong b qua lén ( 23m) e6 thé chia lam 2 hop doc lap dé thigt ké dite day. Bé day sudm dam lay khoang 25 + 40cm dé bio dim chiu cét va di ché dé b6 tri b6 cap DUL. Céin uu kich thuée tit dign ving nam tén tru thuémg day hon dé chiu momen am Ién. Be day ban day lay khong 20 + 30cm. Bé day ban mat edu lay theo két qua tirth todn nhumg thudng khong nhé hon 20cm. Trong long hop thuimg bé tri céc vach ngin dé tang cudng dd cing va tang do én dinh, vi tri véch ngan dat true tigp trén tru va phai dé 16 rong cho viée di lai trong qua trinh thi cong lao day nhip dim va sau nay ding dé dat cic dudng day, dudmg dng hoac cho viée di lai phyc vu cong tae duy tu bio duég nhip céu. Dang két cau bin Homberg thutng ding cho céu c6 nhip vita phi kho’ng 30 + 40m. Chiéu cao ban thudng lay tir (1/13 + 1/16). Do ban c6 ket caiu hd nen dé tang cudng kha nang chong xoan sy cdn thiét phai cau to them vich ngan 6 cdc vi tri trén tru. Thong thudmg d6i véi dang tiét dign nay chi phi cho trang thit bi thi cong thap vi bd van khuon don gin chi ding vin khuén ngoai, khong cén dén van khudn trong va cong nghé 6 being chi dign ra 1 lan, trong khi d6 vi dang hop phai tién hanh 2 giai doan. Mat khdc do tiét dign hd nén thuan [gi cho thi cong. Tuy vay chi phi cho vat ligu bétong thudng kha cao vi cdc suém ban phai mé rong dé dap tg yéu cfu cau tao b6 cép. Ban cang thép chiéu day cia suén cang Ién. Vi vay edn phai tinh toan tuyén chon chiéu diy sun phi hop v6i chidu cao dim. 2.4. CHON CHIEU DAI PHAN DOAN DUC Trong thi cong edu dp dung CNDB, viee tinh todin xéc dinh chiéu dai phan doan diic déng mot vai trd hét stie quan trong, vi nhip dé tign hank va hao phi lao dong trong cc cong doan thi cOng phy thude nhiéu vae do dai ciia phan doan dtic va day theo timg chu ki. True day do nang luc 28Khai thée wang thiat bi thap, n do dai phan doan thuong khong Jin im Khong < 10m. Ngay nay véi sur Phat trign cao ctia Khoa hoc cong nghé ché tao may, nhiév thiéi bi ding trong xay dug adi chung va CNDD néi rigng 06 cong, suat rat 16n nh tram tron tir 20 = 30 mh, cdc phuong tién van chuyén hién dai, ché dd fy méc thing cé cong suat nbd Uuyén dan va dani bétong tien tin... nén véi digu kign rang thiét bj cong suat cao nh trén cho phép trong thé gian ngan cé thé thi cong xong mot doan dim lin. Higa nay di dat t6i chiéu dai phan doan trong khong 20 + 30m, tham cht cdn cao han 40m, Khi tink tosn chigu dai nhip dim, nhieu rugmg hyp ngudi ts kiy dg dai phan dogn bing mot ma chien di nhip binb shumg. Ngoai ra cing cén phai xét tdi cdc y 5 khde nhur tinh Vi tri chiw tue bat loi nhur gin gidta nhip va wén ty, NgAia la chting khong nam 6 khu vue ¢6 mémen. duong va momen am 1én nhdt, Digu nay duge giai quyét va inh bay KTS 3.3. Ngoai ra trong mot chu Ki sin xuat, nnhan {4m vige, kich thude cha bai dic, diéu kign kho tng bio ve nguyen vat Tigu déu phy thuge vio chiéu dai cia mot phan doan dic. Kink chiéu di nhip thanh cée phan doan bing nhau vi c6 xu hudng ngay cdng lén, hign nay da dat tir 20 + 30m. Do chiéu dai cdc phan dogn dau tién Ién nén af nd cé thé dap img yeu céu doi trong khi moi din 1am vige dim cong son & whip dau tién. Ngodi ra nhiy c6 trong luong 1 nén bao dém yéu cau gia ti khi thir tai mai din, Di cé mot s6 céng tinh do phan doan dau tien ngan nén dz ady sinh nhiéu van dé phic tap 6 cdc cong doan thi cong nip dim, toan sao cho cde méi ndi khong nim & nghiém eda nhiéu nude cl 25. CAL TAO LAP DAT BO C. NHIP DAM P DUL TRONG KET CAU 2.5.1. Neuyén tic lip dat bé cap Cong tie tap dat va cing kéo bé cép DUL dién ra trong suét qua uinh CNDD. Kinh nghigm qaa ahiéu céng trinh thi cong, hién nay phuong phap chi yéu 1A chia cong téc thi cong bé cp DUE thinh 2 giai doan Giai doan thi cong va giai doan khai thc. Trong giai doan thi cong nhi¢m vu cia vige dat va cang kéo b6 cp nham thod man yéu cd chia {ue do 29{inh tai bin than (tinh tai phan 1) dam tgo nén so dé momen déi dau trong qua trinh diy Dui tac dung cia [ue cang b6 cép dam beétong duge cang ép trudc theo phuong doc tam im dé dap tng yéu cau vé kha nang Joai trir chiu kéo ctta betong. Cling cé nhiing giai php str dung c6t thép thwtimg va cho phép xwat hién cdc tng suat kéo phdp tuyén & trong bétong khoang 10 + 20 kg/cm? khi lao dam, Ung suat nay phi duge truyén lén cot thép 6 t doc. Cée b6 cép DUL duce cing bio dim tinh lién tue sudt chiéu dai dam nhs sy lien tue cia ban than céc bé cp DUL thong qua céc thiét bj Gi (con goi 1A bO néi), ‘Cae bd n6i nay nim 6 cée vi ti tiép gidp cha cdc phan doan dam dic. Theo quy dinh truéc day s6 Iuong bo ni tren mdi mat cit chitm khoang tit 1/3 + 1/2 cla téng s6 bé cép DUL di qua mat cat dé. G Nga ti 1@ sO bd cap due adi G mdi mat cat 1a thudng /2 (hinh 2.7). 50% 50% a i te o Hink 2.7: 4) Tile gita bé cap phai nb va so tuum 66 ed di qua tren mi mat cai; 1b) Hinnh ink be tri bo cip tai mot mit cat tie gidp 30Phan Jan cdc bé cap dizng trong thi cong Ia cdc bs thing "thong suct", dal trong cac ngan cla khung thép, sau khi lp va cng xong mdi dot, 6ng Jong duge phun via belong trude khi lao day. SO Iuemg bio cap va Iuc cng c6 thé duge gidm tren co sé tinh ton cu tao tiét dign mat cét dim. Digu nay xudt phat tir 3 digu kien: Thi ehdi: Va két cau phai cé tinh tai nhe dé khéng tao ra momen tinh tai Ién qua dé dé gidm s6 Iuong va cudng dé luc cang. Thong thudng cutng do yeu cdu cita lye cing trude theo ti fé véi binh phuong dién tich mat eat ~ Tiné 2: Va wong quan gidta momen khdng phdn ten va phin du6i mat cat phai sriing hap véi tuong quan ciia cée momen udn & géi va nbip, ngbia 1 mat cit ngang dam cdin 6 momen khang & phn ten gdp doi momen khang 6 phan dui Thur 3: 1a wong quan cila mémen khéng cita mat cit so véi dién tich ‘cua no phai la 1én nhat c6 thé. Nhu vay tir3 diéu kign dat ra nhu d tren thi chi c6 thé Iya chon loai tigt ign hop co ban thugng chia ra kiéu cong son. Duong nhién viéc sé dung kieu ban Homberg dai hoi luc cang tude idm nghia [a phai chap nhan su boi chi vé cap DUL. Qua tinh Lip da va cang kéo b6 cép DUL cho giai doan khai théc duce that hign sau khi nhip dim duge lao day xong. Phuong phap Lip dat b6 ci DUL cho gia dogn khai théc dugc tin hinh bing 2 bién phép: + Bién phdp 1: Bing cach bé tri céc bd cap DUL ngan (ggi 18 loai b6 chinh thiic) 6 ben trong long hop nim ngoai tiét dién hop thong qua cc mau neo. - Bién phdp 2: Bang cdch b6 tri dé cang kéo truc tiép trén 1iét dién hop. Vie ya chon bién php no ciing nén cé sti phan tich céc méi quan he phy thuge. Vi du: néu ding thém try fam thi noi lye phat sinh trong qua inh day sé gim vi vay eiag (am gidm theo s6 lang bé cép DUL va lve cang cia tig hd. Theo quan diém Ki thuat thi bi¢n phép 1 c6 nhiing ww diém vi siém duge hé day thanh hop nén gid duoc khoi long &6 bétong. Ngoai ra, do bo cap nim ngoai tiét dign nén tigp can duge cong téc kiém tra luc cang chting va vige cing ching bén ngoai thanh hop, loai tir duoe ting suit 31iat mat do ma sit, Ngay nay ngudi ta thudmg sir dung cdp va nhing bé nhiéu soi tap trung thanh nhém nhé vay ma cho phép thyc hién kéo Va neo ching bang cée phuong titn thong thudng. Céc day cép dugc phan thanh tig nhém nhd cé céc khung thép (mat neo). Nhiing chiée khung phan cach ny duge bat chat vao thanh bén dim hop bang bulong cugng dG cao, Vige bé uf cép nam bén ngoai cho phép thuc hi¢n ching lién tuc trén doan Kha dai ma khong cin cdc bd ndi trung gian va su hign dign cia nhimg neo nay kam cho chi phf lao dong tang én kha nhiéu vi cn phai lun bé edp vao cae Gng tao ranh. Sau khi cang bé cép DUL, ngui ta Yarn thém bd vdn khuén kin va dé béténg bang phuong phdp thong thutng va dim chat né dé tang d6 chéng thém thu nham tang cudmg kha ning bio ve bé cap tréc su xa nhap cia moi trutmg bén ngoai. Oi vGi bign phap 2 céc bé cép duge bé tri trong cée Sng tao rnh dat trong ban bén dim hop. Sau khi di dé xong bétong ngudi ta ludn cae bs cép vo cae Ong ranh dé cing. Chiéu dai cép thutmg bing 2 = 4 lin chiéu dai phan doan. néu dai han sé rat kho Khan trong vigc Iuén cdp va neo cép. 2.5.2. Phan tich so dé bé tri cau tao bé cap DUL Khi thiét ké cdu bing CNBD, viée bé tri b6 cép DUL chi yéu sit dung loai b6 "thong sudt" (b6 cép néi dai ten to’n b6 chiéu dai cdu) nham dép Ung yeu céu chiu lu trong giai doan thi cong phd hgp véi so 46 noi hye 446i dau trong qué trinh day dm. Lurgng b6 cép DUL nay duge “neo chét” lai trong dim va sé chng tham gia chiu Iyc trong giai dogn kha thée (hoat ti doan xe). Trong trutmg hgp lugng bé cap thong sudt dip tng duoe 2 yeu cau: Vira dii chiu Iye cho thi cong va vita cho Khai thac thi sé Khong bé tri them cdc hoai bé ngan tam thdi tang cue tai cic vi tr xuat hién n6i luc bat Joi (tren tru va gidta nhip). Tuy nhitn viée sis dung mot so bd cp thong suét sé din dén lam gidm higu qua ki thuat do d mot sé vi tri. luc cang cba b6 cap gay phan tac dung vé chiu luc. C6 thé giai thich wan dé ny thong qua hinh 2.8 nhur sau: O cic nhip D. ©. @. @, chi c6 phan céc b6 cap nam phia diyGi lim nhiem vy chiu lye (chiu, momen duong), vi dudi tac dung ota tai trong, cde vi tri & phan gida nhip 6 trang thai chju uon do vay phai gia tang cae bé phia dudi (ting ting suat nén duéi), trong khi dé cc b6 tren “T" c6 tde dong pay ting suat nén tren va cing déng thdi Lim gia 32tang ting suat kéo duéi gay phin tac dung vé chiu lye (giém kha nang chiu u6n). Diéu xy ra nhu vay cing nhan théy cde vi tri trén tru I, I, IIL, theo d6 cae bé cap nim phia tren "T" lam nhigm vu chiu momen am (chiu kéo), crong khi phin cdc b6 nim dudi "D" lai phin téc dung. ao pp @ Fp ® "han tich so dé b6 Wi b6 cap trong cdu BICT cho 2 tring hop dp dung cong nghé: CNDD va BGDD a) So dé bo tri bé cap trong cong nghé dite ddy; b) So dé bé tri bé cdp trong cong nghé BGDD; c) So dé dueéng bao momen trong giai doan khai thée Neguoc véi céu thi cong bing CNDD, cong ngh¢ thi cong tren da gido od dinh hay cong nghe da giéo di dong (DGDD) cho phép b6 tri céiu tao b6 cap DUL phi hop véi so dé ngi lye dung bao momen (hinh 2.8c) vi vay khong xiy ra hign twong bd cdp lim viée phin téc dung nhw truéng hgp dim thi cong big CNB, nhi dé higu qua ki thuat va kinh t€ tang len. C6 thé {en mot vai s6 ligu dé minh hoa & bing 2.1. Bang 2.1. So snh eae ett tieu ki thuat, kinh té cc | Betong (T/m*) Cot thép (Tim?) | Gidi phip a | cong nghe ap dung Khaw do nhip Khia do nhip | a | 45 | so | a | 45 | 50 Dae diy(CNDD) | L116 | 1.134 | 1.149 | 0.017 | 0,017 | 0.0204 1,078 | 1,097 | 1,125 | 0.013 | 0013 | 0.0127 33Qua cae s6 liéu thé hign trong bang 2.1 ¢6 thé thay: d6i véi cu mist ké va thi cong bing CNDD, céc chi tigu vé sir dung vat ligu betong va thép déu cao hon cho moi phutng dn khdu do nh 2.5.3. Dé xuat gidi phap két cu DUL ngoai ap dung trong thi cong va khai thie theo CNDD ‘Tir nhimg phan sich, dnh gid dac diém so dé cau tao b6 c4p DUL trong thi cOng va khai théc dim BTCT thea CNDD c6 thé thy 10: Do phai van dung loai hinh bé cap thong suét chiu luc trong giai doan thi cong, nén mot phan trong né t6n tai y6u 16 "phan tac dung” trong giai doan khai thie. DE han ché sig phan tic dung d6, trén thye t¢ 66 thé van dung giaii phap ket cdiu DUL ngoai thay thé logi b6 thong sust, nhung vin dép tmg kha nang chiu luc trong qué trinh thi cong day dim va con toai bo duge yeu 16 "phan tac dung" nhu da c6 déi véi loai bé thong sudt. ‘So d6 cau tao bd cép DUL ngoai trong giai doan thi cong va khai thc due thé hién trén hinh 2.9a, b. Bocip DLE Bo cp OULA a) \ Boca OL \ 6 cap DUL A Hinh 2.9: a) So dé bé céip DUL. ngoai trong giai doan thi céng; b) So dé b6 cép DUL ngodi trong giai dan khai thée Quan sat hinh 2.94 cho thay: hinh dang so 46 cau tao b6 cp DUL ngoai khé tong dng véi dang b6 cap DUL thong suét (¢6 ca phan tren va dudi mat cit tiét dign) vi vay dp ding kha nang chiu luc d6i dau trong qué trinh thi cong daly dm, Sau khi thi cong xong (hoan thinh cong tic diy dim) sé tién hanh thio bo ce bé cép DUL ngoai thudc nhénh B va trong dim chi cdn lai céc b6 cp DUL ngoai thude nhanh A (hish 2.9b). So 46 cdiu tao bs céip DUL ngoai cdc nhanh A trén thyc té ¢6 gid tri twong dong nhut sa 46 b6 ciip DUL bo tri trong dam thi cong bang cong nghé GDP (hinh 2.9b). M4Dudng bé cép DUL ngoai (nhanh A) c6 thé cau tgo thanh cae doan thing thong qua céc mau neo ngoai bé tri trong long hop. Vi cdc b6 cap nay thugc dang b6 ep chiu lye Khai théc lau dai nén céin duge bio vé bang céc vat ligu va giai phap chong ri bén ving 2.6. TINH TOAN BO TRI BO CAP DUL THEO DUONG BAO NOLLUC Dei véi nhip dam cau BTCT DUL thi cong bing CNDD viée tinh ton xy dung dudng bao ndi luc déng mot vai trd rat quan trong vi toan bo khéi luong cong vige vé bé tri bé cap va cing kéo né dién ra trong qué trinh thi cong va khai thae déu dua trén co sé dutémg bao noi luc cia céie qué trinh dé. ‘Trong qué trinh thi cong day dam, bai cit mot tiét dign ndo, dic biet 1a céc tiét dién nam gan dau va gitta nhip dim déu bi chiu lye déi dau thutng xuyén du6i tac dong ciia tinh tii ban than dim, Trén hinh 2.16 biéu dién so 6 chiu luc ciia mat cat A-A khi dm duge diy di qua cdc vi tri khée nhau suot chiéu dai nhip. A = Huong ay 1 = Hing fy Mo Hinh 2.10: So dé chiu luc doi dau ctia mat cat AA O giai doan I khi dang dic trén bé, tiét dién A-A khong chiu momen do tinh tai ban than dm. Dén giai doan Il, khi tiét dién A-A nam trén g6i ciia m6 thi thé trén cua tiét dién chiu momen am trong khi 46 thé dusi chiu momen duong. G giai doan III khi dau dam ké lén tru 1 thi thé tren cia mat 35cat A-A chiu momen duong, trong khi d6 thé dudi chiu mémen Am va ctr thé khi dau dam duge day lén mo ben kia thi céc thé tren va dudi cha tiét dién A-A déu phai chiu luc déi dau. Do quy luat chiu lye doi dau nay néa cin phai tinh toan bé tr b6 cép thod man yéu edu chiu lye cho foan bo hip cau trén ci 2 thd wen va dudi cia tiét dig. Ngay cd trong giai doan khai théc, ddudi tée dung cia tinh tai ban than dm va hoat tai & nhimg tist didn xung yeu nhu & gid nhip va trén try déu chiu lye nguge dau nhau. Dé xay dung duéng bao néi lue tude hét phai giai cée bai ton két cau ahip dam lien tue cho cae so dé ca cée giai doan day dim. Nguyén tac chung trude hét phai tinh toda tim tri sO chiu tue Lén nhat cho timg tigt dign tren cd 2 thé tren va dui. Tap hap todn b6 tri s6 ndi luc nay cho tat ca tigt dién nhip dm ta sé c6 bicu dé dutmy bao noi luc trong giai doan thi cong. Dé xay dung duing bao noi luc trong giai doan khai théc cén phai tién hinh dat ti tren du’mg anh hudng dé xdc dinh tri sé néi luc 1én nhat, DE tinh ndi lye cing nh dusng ‘inh hu6ng ndi luc cho vige xay dumg 2 so 46 dutmg bao tren thute t€ e6 thé 4p dung cdc thuat ton tinh thanh thang nhur phuomg phdp luc, phuong phap chuyén vi, phuong phap ma tran chuyén. Cac thuat toan nay hién nay da duoc chuong trinh hod va chifa tren nhiéu hé thong chuong trinh phin mém. 6 thé Khai thae né dé dang. Tuy nhién khi khai thie cdc hé thdng chucng trinh phan mém can phan tich gid thi¢t thuat toan xay dung chuang tinh. Néu két cau nhip dim [a binh hop c6 chiéu rong vita phai < Lm va chigu dai > 30m thi cé thé ap dung khai thc céc chyong trinh tinh thanh phang. Néu chiéu réng céu khd ln > (1m va chiéu dai < 30m trong khi tiét dign khOng phai hinh hop kin ma kiéu két cdu hé khong c6 dim ngang tang cutmg bio dim do cing ngang ti thiéu thi phai dp dung cde phuong phip tinh khong gian nhu phan tir hau han, dai hou je phuong phap nay bio dim do chinh xéc cao, dé tin cay Jén. Tuy nhién déi voi mot sO dang két cau ho nhu kidu bin Hombery néu tang cudng them cdc dam ngang é gitta nhip va wén goi va ti 1é gitta chiéu rong va chiéu dai nhip phi hop thi c6 thé tinh dim tren co sé cae thuat ton tinh phng. han, vv... 2.7. HE BO CAP DUL Thong thudng nhip dim BICT DUL thi cong bing CNDD theo chu ki déu duge dim bio DUL nhan tgo theo mot nguyén If bit bude va khong, 36phy thude vio dd dai nhip. DUL due tao ra bing cach cing bé cap & dang, Kieu b6 sai thép cuting dO cao, cie egp, cdc "tao sgi" hoe nhing cot thép thanh. Hign nay ee nude thuc hign cong tée DUL theo cde h¢ chudn. Cée cu kien thép theo hé dude roang ti cong tru’mg xay dung trong trang thé sit dung ngay duge. G day céc hé théng duoc déng thanh bd g6m céc neo, cae trang bj ghép néi va ca nhimg ghép néi véi nhau theo chiéu dai ahip dim ma khong céin phai han, Ne’y nay & eg auc tien tin nh CHLB Dac, Phip. Nhat vi nhiéu hang c6 uy tin déu dua ra cde hé DUL chat lung ca, O CHLB Die 6 cade ywidag cla hing Dykerhof Widmann. O céc he nay sit dung tir 1 + 19 tao 7 soi 6 a6 dai but Ki va dug kinh tir 20 + mm vii ue cang tir (36 + 2590KN hode sis dung céc thanh thép cudmg do cao 17 x d44mm vdi luc cing tir 60 + 8OKN, Ngodi he Dywidag, ¢ CHLB Diic con diing cic cap va cée bé cap Kigu "Leoba” ciia hing Scibert - Stitnes vei fue cang tir 100 = SOOOKN. 6 nude ta tude day sit dung 2 hé chink. G mién Bac ding hé DUL hing loai soi thép cuimg d cao 65mm cha Lién XO (ci), Cac soi duae cau to thinh bé bing céch dat song song véi nhau. Trea ttc t& ¢6 céc Joai bé tit 18 + 60 soi. Dign hinh cs 2 foai 20 sgi va 24 soi. Cac bs cap nay duge cang cht yéu bang cae kich song dong cua Lién Xo vi cha Tiép. Cac dae trumg co hoc cita thép euting d6 c2o 45mm duge trinh bay & bang 5.3 ctia QP 79 (BO GTVT) G mién Nam trong thisi ki Mi chiém déng va thd gian sau ngay gidi phong ding ki¢u bé cap 7 soi xo’n cutmg dO cao c6 dudng kinh 12.7mm (dudag kinh danh dinh 13mm). Tir loai cap 12.2mm 6 thé cau tuo Joai bé nhiéw tao soi nhu: 7K13, 12K 13. 19K 13, 27K13. - Doi vGi h¢ DUL ctta hing Freyssinet, chu yéu 1 he K ding cho ben Wrong ket cdiu BTCT DULL va cdc hé théng 1 va 2 ding cho tring hop DUL ngoai - Lowi bé cap cia Freysinet chi yéu la céc loai bé xolin 7 soi. Chat fuong ché tao thép theo tiéu chudn cia chau Au va cita Mi. Kich thude va tinh nang a Ii ciia cap dude trinh bay & bing 2.2. Can chi y 1a cap tiéu chudn cba thép duve quy Gc ting véi curmg do 1770MPa cia bé xodin co 127mm va img vdi cutmg do 1670MPa cba bd xotin c& 15mm. Cap siéu hang ing vdi cudng do 1460MPa c6 b6 xoin c 12.7mm va ting voi cutng do 1770MPa cing bé xoan 1Smm: 37Bang 2.2. Cac tieu chuiin cba bé xoan 7 soi | Butng | Mat | Tong Gist han dan hdi tng ao inn | edt. | wong unis ‘quy woe ung wat fTbaees | ole | M606 | gar | can | enn | MMESHIID |G conan | shui | eda tnép | x08 | Ginn, | sinh, | cin, : tong 8649 I mm} mn? \¥Gim | aN | Kips | kN | Kips (Tieu chudn 3 184 | 369 3 hava) |'77OMPe| Ae -T93} 125 | 95 | 0730 369 | 19 | 31, | eurononme | 1960MPa|1/2"-T13) 125 | 93 | 0,730| 173 | 389 | 147 | 339 | 138-679 | 1670MPa|06"-T15| 152 | 139 | tq | 232 | 522 | 197 | 44a ‘eaitvsna | 1770mpa|0.6"-T15| 152 | 199 | 1,090 | 246 | 553 | 209 | 470 136579) «7rompa | 5i8*-116] 15,7 | 150 | 1,180] 265 | 596 | 225 | S08 | ai cao cap | (Tievehin | 250kps | 12"-113) 127 | 2,90 | 0,730 | 160.1 | 360 | 1442 | 324 clam) | 27OKps | 12-113) 127 | 98,75 | 0,775 | 1637 | 413 | 1654 | 372 ASTM | 250kips |0,6"-115| 15,24 |139,35| 1,094 | 240.2 ) 40 | 2163 | 486 | pareeo | 270kips | 0,8°-118} 1524 [140,00] 1,102 | 260,7 | 58.6 | 234.7 | 52.8 ~ Loai ich cia Freyssinet chi yéu li kich kiéu K - déng b6 trong hé thong K, Hiab 2.11: Kich thudc hé thong K Loai kich theo he thong K nay ngoai kha nang phi hgp véi cdc loai bo cp cla hé thong Freyssinet ma con phd hop véi céc loai bé cap va neo clia hé thong K. Trén bang 2.3 néu tiéu chuiin vé evdng do clia sé loai cip kiéu K. 38Bang 2.3. Cac tiéu chuan cia cp kiéu K Evononme 136879 (teu chun exau Au) ASTMA 4610 (ie chub M Ten teu | Sibu cp ‘ envdn | Cép 1770MPa | Clip 1860MPa | ONE | chp 250K | dp z7OK | Hecdp | r00% | ao% | t00% | 0% | to0% | sow | 100% | aom | 100% | 0% | neia Paras | ore | tart ] 969 | 1302 | tose | stan | ear | tans | 1020 12x13 | 1963 | 1574 | 2076 | 1681 | 2282 | 1706 | 1921 | 1837 | 2204 | 1764 | 1913 | 3116 | 2403 | 287 | 2690 | 3534 | 2827 | g042 | 2434 | 3490 | 2792 27ki3 | 4428 | 3642 | 4671 | 3737 | 8022 | 4018 | 4323 | 3458 | 960 | 2969 s7k13 | 6068 | 4854 | 401 | sit | opez | S606 | 5024 | a7ae | 797 | S439 | 55x13 | 9020 | 7216 | 9615 | 762% | 10230 | 8164 | e808 | 7045 | tor08 | 8083 . ‘Sibu clip Cép 1670MPe | Ap 1770MPa | ST | Cp a50K | Cp 270K [axis [eae [742 | a8 [ver | t080 [ens [ 6s | coz | toes [ 004 KIS | 1624 | 1299 | 1722 | 1978 | 1855 | 1484 | 1594 } tate | 1605 | 1460 | sawts | 27e4 | 2227 | 2952 | 2962 | a180 | 2544 | 2596 | 2077 | 3126 | 2502 19k15 | 4408 | 3526 | 4674 | 3739 | 5035 | 4028 | 4110 | s2ga | 4953 | 3962 | 27Kas | 6264 | 5011 | 6642 | 5314) 7155 | 5724 | Sedo | 4672 | 7039 | 56ST a7k15 | e584 | 0867 | 102 | 7282 | 940s | 7644 | goos | e402 | 9646 | 7717 | - Neo cia hé théing K c6 cae bd neo chil dong va thy dong. BO neo chit dong c6 mot foa dain huéng bang gang dtic hodc bing ton cudin ld c6 tae dung phan phdi luc tit bd cép DUL vao ving betong xung quanh neo. ‘Tam neo hinh tru tron duge khoan thing hinh chép cu dé Iuén céc b6 sodn 7 soi qua va c6 ném gidt chat sau khi cng kéo. Trén hinh 2.12 thé hién hinh anh cau tao chung cia b6 neo chi dong kiéu K. + Hinh 2.12: So dé edu tao bo neo chi dong (Hé théing ducing luce ca cong ty Preysstnet (Phdp) 39- Bo neo thy dong 1a bY nee chét duge ding khi mot dau ciia bé cap DUL Khong thé dat kich cang kéo duge. ‘Trong nhimg tru’ng hyp nhu vay b6 c4p chi dvoc kéo mot dau. Dau kia b6 neo lam viée thy dong chiu tic dong lye trye tigp tir kich cang bé cap. Trén hinh 2.13 thé hien so dé céiu 1a chung cia bo neo thu déng Hinh 2.13: Hé thong die img luc ciia cong ty Preyssinet (Phép) - Hé thong neo thu dong ~ BO ndi cap ca he thing K 06 cée va Cl, CI’, Nhiem vu cia né 1a dé ndi dai cée cp cho cée phan doan sau. loai kiéu C, Nguyén téc Lim viée cita né 1a b6 cip cia phan doan déu duge neo gitt ting tao. Cap ctia phn dogn thi 2 duge ly img tao tuong tng voi vj Ast cla cép trong phan doan dau dé cang tip sau dé, Trén hinh 2.14 thé hién hinh anh — Hin 12.14: Bo ndi kidu cau tao chung eita bd n6i K. - Doi v6i he DUL cita hing VSL, he cp DUL due caiu tao tir céc tao, méi tao c6 7 sgi tao than duéng kinh 12,7mm (dudng kink danh dinh 13mm). Chat Ivong ché tao thép theo tiéu chudn cia chau Au (Euronorm 138-79) hoac lién hgp Anh (BS 5896 - 1980) hay ciia Mi (ASTMA 416-85 ade 270). Cée dac trung hinh hoc va tinh nang co If ciia cp duge trinh bay & bang 2.3 - Neo cita he DU'L cita hing VSL c6 cdc loai: neo chit dong kiéu E va neo ngdm kiéu P va U, neo dinh bam kiéu H. Kich thude va tinh nang co Ii cla cdc loai neo 66 thé xem 6 (30, 37]. 40~ Bd ndi neo cla VSL 6 cde Logi: + Bo noi kiéu K, kidu hinh dng R va V. + Bg ndi neo cho cic b6 cap khong déng truc kiéu J - Kich ciia VSL 06 ea toai: + Loai kich song dong. cé khodng trong giita long kich dé cét thép di qua 6 thé kéo cang theo mét hay nhiéu giai doan, cing 6 thé thao dé neo dé bd DUL. Cie dac tung cia kich c6 thé xem 6 [30. 37] + Ong long cia he DUL - VSL la céc Sng ton cimg c6 chiéu day t6i Su 0.25mm hoac ci bang nhua céng hop. Cac dng thudng ¢6 chia dai a 4 + 6m va duge néi vdi nhau bang ede doan Sng néi tai én rung. Cac loai dng thép va ng nhya téng hop ¢6 kich thuée néu wong bing 2.4 va bang 2.5. thi ing tao si Bang 2.4, Kich thuée dng thép ! Tao 13mm Tao 15mm | Loa seiaong | Duong kin | E85 | soiuong | Duong kinh tao | Wonglhgoti tao | trongingoai 5-1 7 25/30 6-1 1 | 30/35 5-2 | 2 6-2 2 45/50 I 53 3 40/45 63 3 45/50 | 54 | 4 45/50 4 50/85 3-6 5 S0/5S 5 60/67 1 55/60 7 60167 12 65/72 12, 80/87 | 18 80787 18 9502 » 80/87 } 9 9sno2 2 85/92 2 | 110/147 an 100/107 aL 130/137 | a7 1201127 37 | 140/150 43 130/137 43 150/160. | SS 140V150 55 | 170/180 41Bang 2.5. thude ong ahua Tao LSmm | Tao 1320 Kich thude ong oe eisome pe eehiny __| | _Lowi bs Lowi bs Buting kinh wena | Chigu dat 6-7 5-12 sons 2 6-12 3-19 76/91 25 _6-19/6-22 5-31 Loo/L 16 | - Doi vdi mot s6 he DUL khae nhu cua hang Liéw Chau (Trung Quéc), PKK (Nhat Ban) e6 thé tham khdo 6 cae t8i Ligu [30, 31] Dé cing cae logi bs cap nay ngubi ta ding hé kich kiéu K cla hang Preyssinet. Trén bing 2.6 trinh bay mot s6 loai kich 4p dung phi hop véi cic loai bé cap kigu 12,7mm. Bang 2.6. Kha nang thich ung ciia cdc loai kich kiéu K véi cac loai cap He kich cang kéo 100 _-K200_, 350 | Ksoo | K700 K1000 | IKIA * i 1L2K13 19K 13 ti I H ‘Tren bang 2.6 ki higu ** c6 ¥ nghia loai kich str dung phi hop nhat va * chi 13 loai kich cé thé ding duoc nhumg phai thém mot so bd phan khac. Thoi gian gin day do yeu ciu day whanh te dO xay dug cae cong trinh giao thong van tai nhiéy Dut an duoe trién khai 6 Vidi Nam tir ngudn von va Ki thuat ca nude ngoai da tang nhanh vé s6 luong. Vi vay mét so he BUL mdi da va dang duge nghién city dp dung. Cc hang noi tiéng nhur VSL (Thuy Si), Freyssinet (Php). Liéu Chau (Trung Quéc) va céc hang manh cua Nhat déu c6 cde he riéng cia minh. Tren cde bang ca phu luc chuong 2 inh bay mot s6 hé DUL véi cdc dac tumg hinh hoc va tink nang co li ‘ol cde loai thép theo tiéu chun ca thé gidi dang sit dyng hign nay. 2Phu lue chuong IT _ DAC TRUNG CO Li CUA MOT SO LOAI COT THEP CUONG BO CAO Phu luc 2.1. Cac dac trung co Ii cia cdc loai thép 6 Australia During kénh LLoai thép vi Dientich | Lyckéodin | Cudmg do tiguchudn =| (mm) (ram?) | ti thigu (kG) | kéo dit (kG/em?) : 5 | 196 3.049 15.500 cee s 19.6 3330 17.000 1 385 6.550 17.000 i 93 34,7 10.200 18,600 ‘a0 dae biét - ASIII Gaon | 12? 100.1 18.400 18.400 15,2 143.3 25.000 17.500 Tao 7 soi | inh wane as | 12.7 943 16.500 17.500 Bu 33 aus 45.000 Thanh dying lye | 29 660 71.000 10.800 | asis3 2 804 37.000 10.800 _ 38 1.140 123.000 10.800 43Phu luc 2.2. Cac dac trung eo Ii cia cac loai tao thép cia hang Liéu Chau (Trung Quéc) _Buime kinh two cum) | 12.0 15.0 i “View chuin | GRS22485 __ | ven ich mat cit mm?) | 69.45 89,45 139,98 | 139,98 1 Catang do Keo dt 15.700 | 16.700 | 14.700 15.700 (kGjem?) Lue kéo dit kG) | 14.024 14.906 | 20.580 | 21.952 | GiGi han chay giddinh | 11.917 | 12.671 7.493 18.659 Kh ign dang dat 0.2% | i (kGjem?) Bo dan dai > % 35 38 39 3 Trong hong kGim) 0,70 0.70 110 110 Phu luc 2.3, Cac dac trumg co Ii cia soi cap 65 iia hang Liéu Chau (Trung Quéc) | ___Buong kinh so 5 2 Tieu chun Gp 5223 -85 Caromg do kéo duit (kG/em?) 14.700 15.700 Dien tich mat cat (mm*) 19.63 19.63 Luc kéo in (kG) 2.886 3.082 © Gig man chy Khi bin dang 0.2% 12.550 13.300 (kGier”) i Dodinda> 4 4 Trong huang (kGfe ) O15 osPhu luc 2.4, Cae dac trumg co li ctia tao &hép (7 soi) cia hang VSL. | Duong kinh 10 B | 15, | Furonorm Euronorm | ASTMA tewehudin | S79 hove | 138-79 hose | 416.85 1 . | BSs800- | BS 5896- cap 270 1986 1980 | Dang kinn YG |B 157 152 (emmy _ c Dien sich mateat! 100 ost | 150 Toma ims | FTrong tame [0,785 O75 1s io | Li tkGitey I | Gigi han chy | 15.800 16.700 15.000 16.700 | 1 kGlem?y | | Lure ko dit (kG) 18,600 18,600 17.700 18.600 “ne keo dah) 1860016370 26.500 26070 nian kee 1 Mostun din hi ‘ ene 1,95.10° 4 Dodanda | eepo | tome doi 45Phu luc 2.5. Cac dac trung co li celia cde loai thép xan 7 soi (Nhat Bin) y | Diensich | trong ‘ Patan ao | Ore | me | EERO | Gib | hg | bai (om?) | xG/m a cipswrr7A | 929 | 0.729 | 15985 | 13631 | max 3% is | | Caeswrr 7a | oan | ore [a7 - 7 127 Mcapswer me | 13a7 | taor | 22663 | 193,19 | max 3% j $82 capswer7a | 138.7 | stor | 2208 : 5 (ees [ees | eee eee eee Tieu chuan HG 3536 DO ching img vdi tri s6 luc 0.8 cita Juc kéo dee trong thai gian 10 gid. Phuc luc 2.6. Cae dac trung co If etia loai soi thép (Nhat Ban) ~ puongkinn | Dientich ne Ae Tmateat | Tong twang | Luc kéo dit) Luc img v6i gi han oo 3 ikGim) | CD dan héi (7) (nm) (mum?) 5 19.64 0,154 3.45 3.08 ! 7 38,48 9302 6335 5,60 L_8 30.27 0.395 8.05 05 46Chuong 3 XAY DUNG HE THONG PHAM MEM TUDONG HOA THIET KE 3.1, MUC DICH VA YEU CAU CUA VIEC XAY DUNG HE THONG Fs ' Qué trinh tinh ton thiét kE ahip dim céu BTCT DUL bang CNDD Sm nhiéu cong doan tir khau tinh todn noi luc, dudng bao momen tuyén chon cdc phuong an bé tri b6 cp trong 2 cong va Khai chde, Cir méi phuong dn dva ra cn phai ¢6 sy phan tich dé dank gid tinh kha thi cia né trong vige dap ting céc yeu cdu chiu lye cic yeu cau Khic vé khd nang thye 1€ cia vat tr trang thiét bj va biéu qué kinh té. Cudi cling phai tuyén chon trong cae phuong an dé mot so phuong din duge coi 1a phi hyp nhat. V6i sue phat trién cia nganh tin hoe nhu hién nay cho phép thuc bién qué trinh tu dong hod thiét ké trén cdc he may vi tinh mot cdch dé dang. Tu nam 1991 - 1994 wong khuon khd dé tai KC10-09 da xay dung duge chuong trinh phin mém ke dong hos Linh todn thigt ke nhip dim céu BCT DUL thi cong bing CNDD theo chu ki, Vi day 1a hé thong phim mém chuyén dung nén edn phai dép ting cic yeu ciu sau day - Bio dim tinh ding din va chinh xée céc két qua tinh tos. ~ Bao diam tinh khoa hoc logic va lién tue cla cd hé théng chuang trinh. - So ligu dura vao va ra dé dang thuan tign, dip img cdc yeu cau cu thé cit chuyén mon va cba gud Khai thac. Baw dim viée lign ket gitta cde chuong trinh véi céc thiét bi ngoai vi vA cde chong trinh phiin mém khéc ~ Bio dam ché do hOi thoai gidta ngudi va may thong sudt va lien tuc. 473.2. CAU TRUC VA CO CHE LAM vIEC CUA HE THONG PHAM MEM So dé cau trie Va co ché lam vige cia hé théng phan mém duge trink bay tren hinh 3.1 BAT DAU — Nhap eve s6 ligu eiia phuong an dé xuat Tinh cc dac trumg hinh hoe (Program 1) Tinh todn chon chiéu dai phan doan dic (Program 2) Tinh noi lyc gia) doan thi cong (Program 3 - Tinh dutmg bao ng he) Tinh DAH noi inc = Tinh ndi lye git doan kha the (Program 4 - Tinh dug bao noi luc) "Bo tri bs thép DUL wen mat cat ngang va phuang doc cau (Program 5 ~ BO tris thép) Chua dat__[ Thue hign cdc kiém toan theo cde TTGH (Program 6) (___Seere __§_ Phirong an a8 xuat dip img eae yeu cau cong nghe | dat “hunt dat ee et KET THUC Thay d6i cie thong sé thigt KE mdi Hinh 3.1: Se dé caiu ie vce che Kam vige eta he thong phn mém 4833. CO SO THUAT TI XAY DUNG CAC CHUONG TRINH CUA HE THONG PHAN MEM. Program 1: Tinh toan cae dac trung hinh hoc cia mat cat dim (DTHH) - Nhigm vu cita chuong trinh [a tinh cée dac trung hinh hoc ciia mat cit betong (khong c6 cét thép). - D6i véi cu thi cong diic day trong ténh todn so bd, coi mat cit dém 1a khong déi trea suot chiéu dai dam va mat cat duge chon dé tinh dac trung hinh hoc La mat cit & gitta nhip. _ Dé tinh DTHH cia mat eat, sir dung cong thie t6ng quit rink cho mat 2 Fed Ya ~ XX) G1) a AEM WVN FY GD oF 18 Tap OM Xia DL + Yo. Yad YI WEE (3-3) ‘Trong dé: F - dién tich mat cat tiét dign betong: Y,.- khong céch tir trong tam t6i mép duéi; J- momen quin tinh, ~ S6 liga nhap vio 1A to do theo chiéu kim déng hé nur hinh vé diém g6c cita mat cat duge danh s6 49Program 2: Chon chiéu dai phan doan die ‘Trong myc 2.4 da trinh bay tém quan trong cia vige tinh toan xéc dinh chiéu dai phan doan dic dap tng yéu céu Ki thugt va higu qua kinh té Diéu kien dé xay dung thudt tofn tinh cia chuong trinh dya tren 2 yeu 6 co bain - Phai phit hop vdi bo van khudn hign es. ~ Ce méi noi ign két gidta hai phan doan khong nim & céc vi t gi nhu: tren tru va gia nhip, va céch vi tri nay mot quang a > 2h. Can ci vao cdc dién kiga tren, chuong trinh duge lap theo nguyen tic hur sau: bat + Can ctf vao cae $6 ligu ban dau, tinh toan va lap ra moc bang diém bat gi cho cde médun chiéu dai phan doan dam duge chon. Bang diém nay duge lap ra theo nguyen tac, ting vi mot modun phan doan dim duoc chon, néu c6 it nhat mot mat cat gitta hai phan doan dim roi vao ving bat loi (céch mat cat trén tru hodc mat cat giita nhip mot khoang B6 cap thong suét 1a bé cap diing cd cho giai doan thi cong va giai doan khai the + Loui 2: BO cap tam thdi la nhimg bé agin chi ding cho giai doan thi cong, Khi thi cong xong phai thdo ra ngay. + Lagi 2: B6 cap khai théc 1 nhimg b6 phéi cang thém sau khi thi cong dé chiu lye theo yeu cu khai thac. Nhu vay khi tinh todn theo quan diém nay, sé cé nhiing vi tri sau khi thi cong phai théo ra gay phiéc tap cho qué trinh van hanh cong nghé. Véi xu thé {2 uu tién cho cOng nghé can phi chon ra s6 b6 thong sudt hgp Ii dé gidrn bét s6 bo cap phai thio ra sau khi thi cong xong. Voi nguyén téc nhu trén, chong trinh duge x4y dumg nhu sau: +O giai doan thi cong, can cif vio dutmg bao noi lyc, tinh ra s6 b6 cap DUL cae mat cat dim véi nguyén tie dim bio nén chénh tam trén suét chigu dai dam, sav 46 chon ra s6 b6 cp & cée phan doan dim. + O giai doan Khai théc, can ctf vao dung bao ngi luc, tinh ra s6 b6 cap DUL 6 cde mat cat theo nguyén tac nén léch tam dam va khong cho phep nuit dam, sau 6 chon a s6 bé cép DUL & céc phan doan dim. Trén co sé duémg bao momen cia 2 giai doan tiép tyc phan tich dé xc dinh ting suat 16n nhat cba mot tiét dién ndo dé: StX= MAX(Giens Sa) Sau d6 xée dinh lai luc cang 16n nhat Nout: Nout. = Fmax-Fox G4) S6 6 cap ciin pha c6 Wa Naw Sw 3-5 oi G5) a S6 b6 cap may duge phan ra sip xép 6 ving tiét dién wen va duGi nihut sau: (3-6) (3-7) Mae Trong dé: Fy - dign tich mat cat tiét dién bétong (trong 46 chi xét phan ban cénh chu nén c6 higu qui va phan thanh hop); Yauins Yen - khoang céch tir truc (rung hoa dén mép dudi va tren ciia tiet dien dim; F,- dign tich mat cit b6 cap; 94 - ing suai do b6 cp duge cang tao ra sau khi da tit céc mat mat ling suat y= Syivaia ~ LOmng mit 3-8) Nhu vay sau khi thye hign hai bude tinh toan trén xong may sé cho ra mot bang két qua tinh cOt thép DUL cho céc:phan doan dim & hai giai doan thi cng va khai thae theo duémg bao ndi luc. ~ Can ctf vao bang két qui tinh e6t thép & tren, ngudi ki su phi chon 6 bé cap thong suot cho dam & ca bin trén va dui ban day. Vigc chon s6 bé edp thong sudt phai dura trén nhiing co sé sau: + Lam cho s6 b6 phai thao ra sau khi thi cong va cng thém vio saw khi thi cong 1a it nhat dé khong gay phitc tap cho qué trinh cong nghé va trénh lang phi vat ligu. 55+ S6 bé thong sust khong duge qué nhiéu va c6 thé nd sé gay va bat loi cho dim trong giai doan khai thac cau sau nay. Trén co si $6 bd cp thong sudt duge chon, may sé tinh todn lai s6 b6 cap & cde phan doan trong giai doan khai thc wren oo 38 6 yét déa inh hudng nén rrutic Vao bétOng cita cét thép & phia doi din. - Kel thie chuong trinh may sé in ra mot bang ket qué tinh cot thép & cdc phan doan trong ting giai doan thi cOng vi khai thac sau khi d& chon $6 b6 cap thong suét. Can uu y 1a chuong trinh sé cho phép ngutti ki sur 6 thé chon s6 bé théng sust va tinh lai nhiéu kin dé cb duge 36 b6 cét thép hop li nhat Quan diém 2: - Nauyén tie oo bin ella quan dim nay 1 sau khi thi cong xong, edt thép thi céng duge gitt lai cho khai thée néu di di hoac thita, con néu chu db phai bo tri thém bé cép ding trong giai doan khai théc. ~ Theo quan diém ny. chucmg trinh duge xéy dimg nhur sau: +O giai doan thi cong, can ctt vao dung bao noi lye, tinh s6 bé cap DUL 6 cdc mat cat theo nguyén tac nén ding tam dim ten suét chiéu dai dim sau a6 chon ra sé b4 cét thép DUL cho cdc phan doan dam: + O giai doan khde, fim ra ndi Ive am va dong 16n nhat trong timg phan doan dém sau dé so sanh v6i n6i luc [én nhat cla phan doan ddim dé & giai doan thi cong: Néu ahd hon thi so b6 cép Khai théc chinh Ii sO b6 thi cong da ding, con néu lén hon thi phai tinh them sé bé cap can thigt dé chiu lye tang them khi Khai théc, Hai quan diém tinh todn bé cp ké tren déu co ahimg wu diém va nhuge diém riéng. Doi véi a quan diém 1 wu diém chit yéu la: str dung hop Ii vé mat vat ligu. Nhung nhuge diém 13: qua tink cong nghé phic tap do phai bé tri cae y neo tam Hink 3.5: Nguyén tde b6 tri b6 thép 6 xér dinh Incing cia bo thép phan di dién F,, -e6t thép phia doi din; Fy c6t thép dang can tinh 56‘va cde vat neo dé théo cot thép thi cong thita ra va bd sung thém bé cdp chiu luc khai théc vao. cho nén chi phi vé nhan Lye cao. Tinh toan bé cap theo quan diém nay chi phis hop véi nhimg nude c6 gid nhan cong thap va gid vat ligu cao nhu & Viet Nam. Déi v6i quan diém 2 wu diém chi yéu a: lam don gin qué trinh cong nghé do khong phai théo lép chuyén vi wri b6 cap, qua dé lam giam chi phi vé nhan Iyc. Nhung nhuac diém 1a: sir dung vat ligu chua hgp [i, hing phi vat ligu vi khéi lugng bé cép thi cong khong duge duz ra gay ling phi va gay phan téc dung nhu da phan tich & muc 2.5.2. Quan diém nay chi phit hgp véi nhiing nuéc c6 gié nhan cong, cao va gid vat liéu thip nhu @ cae nuée phat trién. Nur vay tay tinh hin, cu thé ma nha ty van cé thé chon céch tinh theo hai quan diém tren sao cho phi hop va mang lai higu qua tot nhat. Program 6: Chugng trinh thuc hién cic bude kiém toan Noi dung ciia chuong trinh [a thye hign cae bude kiém todn theo yéu cau cia quy tinh hign anh. Trong Ic ching ta dang nghién ctu xay dumg quy trinh méi thich nghi yéu cau hién nay. true mat c6 thé sir dung cic quy tsinh QP79. Theo quy tinh nay thi dim cdn dug duyét theo 3 twang thai gidi han - Kiém todn vé cuing 9 6 cd hai giai doan. - Kigm todn vé chéng nif & ca hai giai doan. - Kiém todn vé bién dang chung. Tuy nhién c6 mot thuc té 1a hign nay & nude ta mot s6 quy trinh dang duge nghién ctu 4p dung cho mot s6 cong trinh thudc Dy dn cia nude ngoai, trong dé phd bién hon ca 14 quy trinh AASHTO cita USA. Khi sir dung quy trinh nay can luu ¥ méx s6 diém sau day: - Ung suat cho phép déi véi cde cau kign BTCT DUL 1a: 0.55f, ~ Doi véi céc loai cép xoiin thi ting suat kéo khong duge vuot qué céc tri sO sau day: + Do bi kich: 0,8f,. + Tai nco vA ndi neo ngay sau khi neo c4p: 0,7f, +O ving cap ben trong ngay sau khi truyén ing sudt trude: 0.83f,, nhung khong lén hon 0.74f,. STTrong dé: F, - cudmg do chiu nén Ii thuyet ciia batong tinh theo don vi Psi; f,- cudng d6 cue han cita thép DUL: f, - gidi han chay cla thép. Khi tinh theo cée quy dink nay, bude déu lay tri s6 mat mat ing suat theo ngayén tac khodn, Tren bang 3.1 quy dinh cde mai mat img suat cho beting vi thép c6 cu’mg do va chiing loai khée nha. Bang 3.1. Cac mat mat ing sust theo tri s6 Khoa (logi trir cdc ket cdiu nhip dai va thiét ké dac biét) : 4 Loai betong Loai bateng Loai thép DUL, = 400071 ice ee DG; vat lowi cap cang true 45.000 Dai Véi loat cap cang sau 32.000 33.000 DSi Gi soi thép n6i chung 22.000 23.000 Khi thuc hien chuong trinh, néu vige kiém todn khong dat, ngudi KI su ‘66 thé phai thay ddi lai cdch bé tri thép DUL tren mat cit ngang sao cho 6 Jai hon hoac tang b6 sung b6 cp DUL cho phan doan ds. Néu vie lam trén khong dem lai két qua dang ké hode nhiéu phan doan dam kiém toan khong dat thi phai thay Ai lai s6 ligu ban dau va tinh todn lai ti du, Qua trinh may duge thyc hign tiép tuc néu céc thong sO thiet ké dua ra chwra dip tng cdc yew cau ki thuat cong nghe. He thong phdn mém nhu di trinh bay & trén bude déu cé thé xem la mot cong cw tinh todn co higu qui doi véi ngubi Ki su thiét ké. Vi nd mot Khoi Iuong 16n vé tinh con thiét ke nhu: tinh tos ndi luc, thiét ke wyén chon cot thép, tinh duyet két cau... duge thyc hién nhanh chéng va chiah xc. Hé théng phin mém 4 duge ing dung dé thim ké cde phuong in cau Met (Lang Son) thi cong bing phuong phdp duc day. Ngoai ra d6i Vai mot sO cOng trinh khéc nhwr Hién Luong, HA Nha dy djnh thi cong bang phuong phdp dtic day da dugc sit dung dé tinh todn, kiém duye va lap luan ching, két qué bio dim do tin cay. Di véi civ Quan Hau, chuong trinh d3 duge 4p dung dé tim kigra phuong én bé tri nhip dim bao dim tinh kha thi vé cu tgo va phit hgp véi d6 an chung. 5834. 34, DU TINH TOAN THIET K& THU NGHIEM BANG HE THONG PHAN MEM Se d6 chia nhip: Téng chigu dai cau: Chigu roag cau: Chiéu cao dim BTCT DUL: “Tai trong thigt ke: Béténg mac: ‘0 ligu dua vao vé thong sé thiét ké nhip cay 30m +4 x 42m L=199,5m B=842%15m= 110m h=25m 2 Jan xe H30 va HK80 450 kg/em? ‘Thép cung dé cao cua Uc loai 612,7mm Mii dan dai Tren be dtic 66 ‘Thi cong day 1ér mot phia Quy trinh thiet ké 28m Sy truot QP 79 - Bo GIVT. 3.4.2. Tinh cae dac trung hinh hoc adm theo tri sé hé true X - ¥ cua, diém géc mat cat dién (hinh 3.6) ~ $6 ligu du vio, toa do cic diém goc cla mat cit [pram g6e |x (my Yam) | Biémece | Kim Yim) 1 -2300 | 2.500 15 0000 | 2.240 2 -2520 | 0.690 16 1.750 2.240 3 -2.790 | 0.430 7 2.100 2.000 ; 3s | -5.950 | 0.240 18 2.260 0,690 6 | 8.950 | 0.090 19 2.100 0,420 | 8 5.950 0.090 2 -2.100 | 0,420 9 5.950 0.240 3 -2.260 | 0690 n | 2.780 0.430 24 = 2.100 2.000 2 2.520 0.690 25 = 1,750 2.240 | 1B 2.300 2.500 26 0,000 2.240 28 2300_{ 2.500 59| r | Kat qua Hinh 3.6: Toa dé cde diém theo Ne wruc X-¥ Fy, = 5.3732 (my Y,, = 0,909368 (m) J 3. ~ $6 ligu dura vao: + $6 nhip dam: 5 Tinh noi he trong gi + Chiéu dai cae nhip dam: 779177 (m*) doan thi cong, Nh Chidu dai Nhip Chigu dai (m) 1 i 30 4 42 2 2 5 2 3 I 2 + S6 phan doan: 10 Phan doan Chigu Phan doan 1 ai 6 21 2 10 7 2 3 21 8 21 4 21 9 a 5 2L to 2 60DO ciing mat cat tiét din: ‘Trong lugng ban than: Chigu dai toan cau: Chigu dai mili din: ‘Do ting moi dan: Tinh tai mii dan: S6 lugng u ke trén bai dc: Khoang céch gita céc u ké: Uke 1- uke 2: Uke 2-uke 3: Uke 3 - My: 18160580,0Tm* 14.105 T/m 199,5m 28m 1332807,0Tm? 1.786 Tim 3 10,5m 8.0m 8.5m Ket qua tinh toan dung bao noi luc theo sé ligu in két qud.ciia chuung luc 6 cae trinh duge bieu dién & Phy luc chong 3 va so dé dudng bao nd hinh 3.7 va hinh 3.8, BUONG BAO MOMEN THI CONG 172.5000 Game) Viet) rex] [aay [ans 1746, 3504 184,50, 2058, 5018 172,50, Hinh 3.7: Ser dé dieing bao mémen va lie edt giai doan thi cong 61ITN ANN i LN [Gain mae Vi) max Gai) max ‘ait max (x70 5875 “3282500 7250 Hink 3.7: So dé daineg bao momen va ue cét giai doan thi cong (tiép theo) ‘DUONG BAO 90 VONG THI CONG: 227.50000, ft It fl fl fl fl fl fl fl ql \ Gai) max Viti r) max, Gat ()max Vivi() max 0172 2S 2.0459 2S Hinh 3.8: So dé dudng buo do vong va géc xoay 62‘UENG BAO GO XOAY THICONS [_ Gainiman Viti man Gi (jax Viti(max I 08607 aw D082 rs Hink 3.8: So dé duaing bao do vang va géc xoay (sip theo) 3.4.4. Tinh n6j tue trong giai doan khai thc BYONG BAO MOMENKHATHAC ao, 59 rm) "3868.65 (Tm) Hin 3.9: So dé duting bao momen - $6 ligu dua vao vé tai trong Trong long l6p phi: 1,546 Tim ‘Trong long lp bétong bio ve 0,825 T/m 63Trong lung lép phong nude: 0,100 T/m Trong hcg lan can 0,894 Tim Trong Iuong dying doan ngudi di: 0,450 T/m S6 Sim xe chay’ 2 Tinh dutmg anh hudmg va dat tai trong ten dudng anh hudng dé tinh dutmg bao momen. Ket qua tinh toan dung bao ndi lye theo sé lieu in két qua ca chuong trinh duge biéu dién & Phu luc chung 3 va so dé dutting bao noi lye 6 hinh 3.9. 3.4.5. Tinh toan thiét ké bé tri bé cap DUL cho cdc phan doan dam - $6 liéu dua vao dé tinh cét thép DUL Cae kich thude hinh hgc cia mat cat Chiéu cao cua dim = 2,50(m) Chiéu rong cba bin nip = 11,90(m) Chiéu rong ca bin day = 460(m) Chigu rong tinh todn cua binnép = = 3,14 (m) Chigu rong tinh todn cua bindéy = = 3,14 (m) Chiéu day cia bin nap = 0.22(m) Chiéu day ciia ban day = 0,26 (m) Chigu day rung binh cia ban ndp == (0.24 (m) Chigu day trung binh ciia bin day = = (0,27 (m) Chigu day trung binh cia sun dim = = 0.26 (m) Cac dac urung hinh hoc cua mat cat Dien tich mat cat béténg = $.3732(m’) Momen quén tinh ctia mat cit = 4,7792(m*) Tung do true trung hoa = 0.9094 (m) Cae thong so vé vat ligu Cutng dé chiu nén cua bétong = 2600.0 (t/m’) Cutng dé chiu kéo cba béténg 200.0 (tm?) 64Cuing d0 cia c6t thép DUL = 108000,0 (1/m*) Ung suat kiém tra cua c6t thép DUL == —120000.0 (1/m?) Dién tich mot bé cap 7.00 (cm?) Két qua tinh todn vé bs tri b6 dp BUL cho ede phan doan va vi ti cla céc b6 cap nay theo toa do cla mat cét dugc trinh bay & Phu luc chuong 3, 3.4.6. ‘inh duyét cae phuong an theo cdc trang thai gidi han (TTGH) S6 ligu dura vio céc thong s6 vé dac trumg cat If cua vat lig Cuong d6 chiu nén khi un cia bétong = 2600.000 (t/m?) Cuding do chiu nén doc truc cua bétong = 1800.00 (1/m?) Modun dan héi cia bétong = 3520000.000 (1/m?) Cung do chiv kéo cua CT DUL = 108000.000 (1/m’) Cudng d6 dae trung cha CT DUL = 189000.000 (1/m?) Modun dian héi cua CT DUL = 19500000,000 (1/m?) Digmtich méi bo CT DUT. = 7.000 (em*) Ket qua kiém toan (bing 3.2 va 3.3) Bang 3.2. Két qua tinh toan vé cutmg do (giai doan khai thac) Momen dung Momenam | Phan doan | Mit (T.m) Meh (fm) | Mic(T.m) Mgh (T.m) u | 3888.65, 3072.11 0.00 23ag.7 | [21 ot36 | 382050 ooo | -254766 3 | 1208.31 1837.78 = 4804.52 - 4846.47 4 202.21 2415.08, -671.40 | - 2488.76 5 952.30 1147.06 ~ 3596.00 4128.97 6 2408.90 2533.69 + 85.86 2636.82 Joa | 91680 1147.06 + 3976.10 | - 4128.97 8 | 2357.80 2641.75 - 11263 | = 24073 9 1025.10 1519.92 - 3410.20 3591.72 iL 1915.10 2566.21 400 | = 2083.59Bang 3.3. Két qua kiém todn vé chong nut (giai doan thi cong va khai théc) Giai doan thi cong Giai doan khai tic | Phandoan | USihéwen | UStnédusi | USthouen | USthddudi ; (kGjern”) (kGfern*) (kGiem*) (kGem’) 1 “71 = 9.00 -10550 | -10.12 2 -215 - 10.66 - 100.86 -9.29 3 625 6.4 661 =35.43 4 1.65 “10.46 = 2091 =19.10 5 - 3.90 -621 “8.15 “12.47 6 234 “Tad = 70.15 = 16.47 7 279 9.15 201 pes | Loos “5.87 = 10.37 -6453 | -18.63 10.67 15.78 - 8.19 = 10.84 - 13.60 S140 8.28 19.06 Ghii chi; Day la ké qui kiém tonn 6 nhimg, vi rf bat ei nhait trong timg phan dogn dam. Nhin chung cic két qua kiém ton cho 2 giai doan thi cong va kh: théc theo TTGH 1 vi TTGH 2 d6i voi 10 phan doan déu dat yeu cdu Riéng phan doan 3 trong giai doan khai thac thé tren chiu kéo. Cé 1 xem xét thay ddi lai vi tf b6 cap hodc thém bé cap. Vai sy thay doi nay chuomg trinh tiép tuc qué trinh tinh toan lai theo dit Higu mdi cho dén khi tim duge phuong an b6 tri bé cap tho man cc yéu céu chung. 66Phu lye chuong 3 KET QUA TINH TOAN CUA HE THONG PHAN MEM 0.00 0.75 375 6.75 9.78 12.75 15.75 18.75 21.75 24.75 27.75 30.75 33.75 36.75 30.75 42.73 45.75 48.75 S178 34.75 57.75 60.75 63.75 Phy luc 3.1. Két qua tinh toan duing bao noi lye trong giai doan thi cong KET QUA DUONG BAO MOMEN en daong ‘Momen am Vitri(m) | Gide Cham) | Vitriem) I 2 [3 l é 5 0.0000 E +06 | 2.5450E +02 | 0.0000 E +00) 2.54505 +02 1.12878 +02 | 2.5450 +02 |- 1.7101 E+01) 2.4600 +02 4.8500 E +02 | 2.5450 E +02 |- 1.6485 E +02) 2.4600 E +02 7.3019 E +02 | 2.5450 E +02 )- 4.39546 +02] 2.4600 + 02 8.4843 +02 | 254508 +02 |-6.7043E +02] 22800 +02 8.5306 E +02 (2.53506 +02 |-6.1441 E+ 02] 24150 E +02 80978 E +02 |25150E+02 |-5.9337E+02| 2.38508 +02 | 7.2961 E +02 | 2.4950E+02 |- 6.32408 +02| 2.35508 +02 6.2264 +02 | 24750E +02 |- 6.3400 B +02) 2.3250 8 +02 5.2426 F +02 | 2.4250E +02 |-6.3714E +02| 2.2950E +02 5.3761 E +02 | 2.39006 +02 |- 1.10806 +03) 2.54506 +02 | 5.1656 E +02 | 2.3650E +02 |- 1.8783 +03) 2.5450 E +02 5.1445 E +02 | 2.3400 +02 |- 1.8634E +03] 251506 +02 5.0962 E +02 | 2.3100 +02 | - 1.8187 +03] 2.4850. +02 5.1068 E402 ) 2.27501 +02 |- 1.7232 +03| 2.4550E +02 58167E +02 | 2548906402 |-1,7214E +03] 2.42506 +02 8.7931 E+02 | 25450E +02 )-1.7242E + 03| 2.3950E +02 1.05006 +03 | 2.54506 +02 |- 1.7147 E +03) 2.36501 +02 | 1.0954 E +03 | 2.5400 +02 |- 1.7177 E +03) 2.3350 +02 1.1029 +03 | 2.50508 +02 |- 1.7233 +03] 2.30506 +02 1.1291 +03 | 2.4600 E +02 [- 1.7336 E+ 03] 2.2750 +02 1.1469 E +03 | 2.4500 E +02 | - 1.7259 E +03] 2.2450 E + 02 1.14176 +03 | 2.4200 B +02 | - 1.7403 +03] 2.2150 +02 67Bang phu luc 3.1 (tiép theo) 68 ! 2 3 i 4 ii 6.75 | 1.1388 +08 | 2.38008 +02 |- 1.7517 +03] 2.18506 +03 | 69.75 | 1.1829 +03 | 2.3550 +02 |- 1.7603 5 +03] 2.1550E +02 72.75 | 1.14836 +03 | 2.32506 +02 |-2.1545 E +03] 2.5450E +02 75.75 | 1.1569 B-+03 | 2.2950 E +02 |-2.1597E +03] 2.5150E +02 TRIS | 1.1656 +03 | 2.2650E +02 |-2.1751 E +03] 2.4850 E +02 81.75 | 1.15956 +03 | 2.2350 +02 |-2.2096E +03 2.4550 E +02 8475 | 1.1728 +03 | 2.2050 +02 |- 2.2220 E +03) 2.4250 E +02 87.75 | 11831 E+03 | 2.1750B +02 |-2.2300E +03) 2.39508 +02 90.75 | 1.1910E +03 , 2.1500 +02 |- 2.23238 +03) 2.3650 E +02 9375 1.1963 E +03 | 2.1200 E +02 |- 2.2203 E +03| 2.3350 +02 9675 1.1980 +03 | 2.0900E +02 |-2.1980 +03) 2.3050 E +02 9975 | 1.2021 E+03 | 2.0600 +02 2.1689 + 03! 2.27508 +02 102.75 | 1.2134B+03 | 2.03006 +02 |- 2.1934 +03) 2.2450 +02 105.75 | 1.2287 +03 | 2.0000 +02 |-2.1479 B +03] 2.2150 +02 108.75 | 1.23991 +03 | 1.9700 +02 |- 2.1116 +03) 2.1850 E +02 VWL7S | L2410 +03 | 1.94508 +02 |- 2.08456 +03] 2.1550E +02 114.75 | 1.22808 +03 | 1.9150E +02 |- 2.0666 £ +03) 2.1250 E +02 117.75 | 120208403 | 1.89008 +02 |- 2.0601 E +03) 2.0950 E +02 120.75 | 1.2037 E +03 | 1.8350 +02 |- 2.0506 £ + 03| 2.0650 + 02 123.75. | 1.2114 +03 | 1.83508+02 |-2.0197E +03] 2.0350 E +02 126.75 | 1.1444 +03 | 1.8000E +02 +-1.9733B +03) 2.0050 B + 02 129.75 | 1.0694 +03 | 1.7600 E +02 |- 1.9350 +03] 1.9750 E +02 132.75 | 1.0660E +03 | 1.72501 +02 |- 1.9291 B+ 03] 1.9450 +02 | 13595 | 1.0897 +03 | 1.69001 + 02 |- 19668 E +03) 1.91508 +02 ' 138.75 © 1,0453E+03 | 1.6600 +02 |- 2.0442 E +03] 1.88506 +02 | 131.75" 1.0266E +03 | 1.63508 +02 |-2.1479E +03] 1.8550 E +02 | 14675 98428 +02 | 1.60506 +02 |- 20460 + 03] 1.8250 +02 | 147.75 | 9.3394E +02 | 1.5700E +02 |-2.2159E +03] 1.7950 +02 150.75 | 9.2162E+02 | 1.52506 +02 |-23514B +03) 1.7650 B +02Bang phu luc 3.1 (tiép theo) id 2 i 3 4 5 153.75 [9.6187 E +02 | 1.49008 +02 ]-2.4524E +03] 173506 +02 156.75 | 1.0360 +03 | 1.4600 +02 |-2.5190 5 +03) 1.70508 + 02 157.50 | LOSSUE +03 | 1.45506 +02 |- 2.45428 +03| 1.6950 E +02 160.50 | 1.15741 +03 | 1.4300 +02 |- 2.4691 E+03) 1.66508 +02 16350 | 1.23766 +03 | 1.4200 + 02 |-2.5382E + 03) 2.4750 + 02 166.50 | 1.23726 +03 | 1.37008 +02 |- 2.6965 E+ 03) 2.4450 +02 169.50 | 1.36686 +03 | 1.3500 E +02 |- 2.8676 E +03) 2.41505 +02 172.50 | 148578 +03 | 132506 +02 |-2.9586E + 03] 2.3850 E + 02 175.50 | 1.5884 +03 | 1.3050 +02 |- 2.9239 +03) 2.3600 E +02 178.30 — 1.2850 E +02 | - 2.7357 B +03! 2.3300 E +02 191.50 | 1.72496 +03 | 1.2650R+02 |-2.4142E +03) 2.3000 E +02 184.50 | 1.7469E.+03 | 1.24508 +02 |- 2.6087 +03] 2.2600 F +02 187.50 1-T144F+03 | 1.2300 E +02 |-2.3158E +03] 2.25006 +02 190.56 | 162046403.) 1.21506 +02 |-1.7215E-+03| 1.80506 +02 193.50 | 1.4690 +03 | 1.2000 B +02 |- 3.2541. +03} 1.7600 B +02 196.50 | 1.2559 +03 | 1.18005 +02 |-9.1365E +02] 1.7550 B +02 199.50 | 9.9045 i +02 | 2.4300E +02 | -7.0014E +02 | 1.7550 B +02 200.50 | 8.9595E +02 | 24250F +02 |-6.51066+02! 2.1100E +02 203.50 | 6.49438 +02 | 2.4050E +02 |- 5.14438 +02) 2.11008 +02 206.50 | 4.5768 +02 | 2.3850E +02 |-3.9388E +02) 2.11008 +02 209.50 | 3.18368 +02 ) 23600F +02 |-28940E +02) 2.1100 +02 212.50 | 2.2447B +02 | 10600E +02 |- 2.0099 E +02) 2.1100 +02 215.50 | 1.7251 +02 | 1.03008 +02 |- 1.2866 E +02! 2.11008 +02 | 218.50 | 1.4458 E +02 } 1.0000£ + 02 |-7.2399E +01] 2.11008 +02 224.50 | 1.1039 #02 | L.OQ0OE +02 )-3.2214E +01} 2.1100 E +02 224.50 | 6O178E +04 | 2.26506 +02 |-8.1032E +00/ 2.1100 + 02 22750 _| 5.8990 +02 | 2.4650E +02 | -6.6284E -02 | 2.11005 Khodng cach - khosing c&ch tir mat cit dang xét déin me’ trai. Vi tri vi tri ket eu sinh ra gid tri noi hue max, (Chiéu dai céu ren bat dic + Chigu dai cdu tren sOng + Chiéu dai mai din} ooKET QUA DUONG BAO LUC CAT Khoing ei Momen duomg omen am iw thm) | Vitdi(m) | Gidti(T-m) | Vitel (my ome) 2 me amar s i 0.00 | 1578+ 02 | 2.54508 +02 |-1.7512E +01] 2.4600 E +02 "0.75 1.5233 +02 | 25400E +02 |-2.5400E +01) 2.46004 02 375 | 1.55728 +02 | 2.51008 +02 |. 7.0406 & + 01 | 2.4600 5 +02 6.75 | 1.64226 +02 | 2.48006 +02 |- 1.1272 +02] 2.4600 E + 02 9.75 | 1.7871 E+02 | 24500E +02 |-1.3792E +02| 2.2800 E + 02 1.7840 F-+02 | 24200 +02 |- 1.1535E +02) 2.4150 +02 L774. E +02 | 2.3900 E +02 |- 1.3403 E +02] 2.3800 E +02 1.7929 1+ 02 | 2.3600 E +02 |- 1.4241 E+ 02/ 2.35508 +02 1.7928 E +02 | 2.3300E +02 }- 1.5100E +02| 2.5450B+02 1.7925 E+02 | 2.3000E + 02 |- 1.9332 E +02) 2.5450E +02 L7851E +02 | 2.2700 E +02 |-2.3563E +02] 2.5450E +02 2.8963 E+ 02 | 2.5450 +02 |- 2.7795 E + 02] 2.5450 B +02 2.8915 E +02 | 2.51S0E +02 |- 2.7540 +02) 2.5150E +02 36.75 | 28772 +02 | 24850 E402 |-2.6775E +02) 2.48506 +02 i 39.75 ‘18462 E +02 | 2.4550E+02 |-2.5149E+02| 2.4550E+02 | 42.75 | 284298 +02 | 242506 +02 |-2.5170 +02| 2.42506 +02 45.75 | 28416E +02 | 2.3950E +02 |-2.5258E +02} 2.3950E +02 ABS 2.8388 E +02 | 2.3650 E +02 |-2.5090E+02| 2.3650E +02 SULTS 2.8424E +02 | 2.3350 E +02 | - 2.5003 E +02) 2.3350 +02 5475 | 2.8490 +02 | 2.3050E-+02 |-2.5096E-+02) 2.30506 +02 57.75 2.8584 £ +02 | 2.2750 +02 |-2.5163E+02| 2.2750 E +02 | 80.75 2.8507 E+ 02 | 2.2450 +02 |-2.5126E +02] 2.2450 E +02 | 63.75 2.8650 E +02 | 2.24S9QE +02 |-2.5192E +02) 2.21S0E +02 66.75 2.8764 E +02 | 2.1850E +02 |- 2.5245 +02) 21850E +02 69.75 2.8849E +02 | 2.1550E +02 |-2.6046E +02) 2.5450E +02 7a7s | 30121 +02 | 254506 +02 |-30278E +02) 254508 +02 75.78 3.0147 E +02 | 2.5150 +02 |. 3.0326E +02] 2.5150E +02 [78.75 | 3.0224 +02 | 2.4850 E +02 | - 3.0469 + 02] 2.48505 +02 | 70Being phu luc 3.1 (tiép theo) 1 3 4 8178 84.98 87.78 90.78 9875 96.95 99.75 102.75 105.75 108,75 11.75 114.75 117.75 120.75 123.75 126.75 129.15 132.75 135.75 138.75 140.75 144.75 142.75 150.75 193.75 156.75 157.50 160.50 163.50 | 3.0409 E +02 3.0851 E +02 3.0652 E+ 02 j 3.0657 E +02 3.0522 E +02 3.0271 & +02 2.9947 E +02 | 302228 +02 29714 E +02 | 2.9300 E +02 2.900 i +02 | 28n08 E +02 2.8734 E +02 2.8629 B + 02 2.8283 E +02 2.7767 E +02 2.7340 F + 02 | arr E+02 2.7694 E + 02 2.8558 E +02 2OTISE +02 2.8577 B+ 02 3.0472 E +02 3.1983 E+ 02 33110 E+ 02 3.4379 E402 3.4093 E +02, 3.4284 E +02 3.4296 E + 02 2.4550 3 + 02 2.4250 E+ 02 2.3050 B +02 2.3650 E +02 2.3350 B +02 2.3050 E +02 “30779 E+ 02) 2.4550E +02 3.0812 E + 02 | 2.4250 F + 02 -3.0825E +02) 2.3950E +02 -3.0853 E +02 | 2.3650 F +02 -3.0817E + 02| 2.3350 E + 02 -3.0751 E +02} 2.3080 +02 2.2750 E +02 | -2.0657 E+ 02| 2.2750E +02 2.2450 E+ 02 2.2150 E +02 2.1850 B+ 02 -3,0734 E +02 | 2.2450 F +02 3.0591 E+ 02) 2.2150 E +02 -3.0477E +02 | 2.1850 +02 2.1150 +02 | -30392E + 02 | 2.1550 E + 02 2.1250 E +02 2.0950 E + 02 2.0650 E +02 2.0350 E +02 2.0050 E +02 1.9750 E +02 19450 E +02 19150 E +02 1.8850 E +02 1.8550 E402 1.8250 E + 02 1.7950 E +02 1 7650 E + 02 1.7350 6 +02 2S450E +02 2.5400 B +02 2.5100 £ +02 2.4800 E +02 3.0336 E+ 02 | 2.12508 + 02 -3.0336E + 02 | 2.0950E +02 -3.0286 E +02 | 2.0650 E+ 02 -300190E + 02} 2.0350 +02 3.0044 E + 02 }) 2.0050 E +02 2.9924 +02 | 1.9750 E +02 -2.9906E +02) 1.9450E +02 3,0024 +02 | 1.9150 E+ 02 -3.0266 E +02 | 1.8850 E +02 +3,0591 E +02 | 1.8550 B +02 -3.0372 E+ 02 | 1.8250 +02 -3.0804 E +02) 1.79508 +02 -3.1229 B +02 | 1.7650 B+ 02 -B1SG5 EB +02 | 1,7350E +02 -3.1753 E +02 | 1.7050 E +02 3.1445 B+ 02] 1.69505 +02 “31492 B+ 02 | 1.6650 E+ 02 “3.1670 E +02} 1.6350E +02 1Bang phu luc 3.1 (tiép theo) [eae 2 3 4 5 166.50 | 3.4204 B +02 | 2.4500 +02 } -3.2097 E+ 02 | 1.6050 E +02 {| t69.50 | 3.38806 +02 | 2.42206 +02 |-32613E +02] 1.5750E +02 172.50 | 33105E+02 | 2.39008 +02 | -3.293E +02 | 1.5450 +02 | | asso | a17ose-+02 | 2.36008 +02 | -3.2787E +02] 1.51508-+02 178.50 | 29622B+02 | 283006402 | 3.2142 E +02 1.49508 + 02 \ 181.50 | 2.6928E +02 | 2.30008 +02 | -3.1087E +02) 1.45500 +02 184.50) 2374RE+02 | 2.27008 +02 | -3.0946 E +02 | 2.26008 +02 | 187.50 | 2.1927 +02 | 2.2600 E + 02 / -3.0594E +02) 1.20506 +02 | 19050 | 1.7695E +02 | 2.2600 E+ 02 | -2.8765 E+02 | 1.36506 +02 193.50 | 1.3464 E +02 | 2.2600 E + 02 | -2.7335 E+ 02 | 1.3350F +02 {496.50 | 9.23236 +01 | 2.26008 +02 |-26301 +02! 1.3050 F +02 199.50 | 5.0008 +01 | 2.14001 +02 | 2.59208 +02 | 2.5450 E +02 | 200,50 | 4.8222F +01 | 21150 +02 | -2.4566E +02] 2.53508 +02 | 20350 | 4.28648 + 01 | 2.11506 +02 |-20725 5 +02 | 2.50505 + 02 206.50 | 3.7S06E +01 | 2.1150 +02 | 1.7034 +02] 2.47505 +02 | 20950 | 3248E +01 | 2.1150 E +02 | -1.3456 18 +02 | 2.4450 + 02 21250 | 2.6790 +01 | 2.11S0E +02 | 1.0144E +02 } 24150 B +02 | 215950, ) 244326 +01 | 2411501402 | 7.3182 +01 | 2.38508 +02 1.6074 E+01 | 2.11S0E +02 | -5.13748-+01 | 2.3550F +02 ) 1ON6E+O1 | 21150E +02 | -1.6318E+01 | 2.32506 +02 5.3582 E +00 | 2.1150E +02 |-2.7205 6 +01 | 2.2950 B +02 | [23651 B-04 | 2.11506 +02 | -2.2724E +01 | 2.26508 +02 Khoiing cach - khodng céch tir mat cat dang X64 dén m6 tai Vj eri - vi tr ket cau sinh ra gia tri noi hye max. (Chiu dij cdu trén bai dic + Chiu dai céu tren song + Chiu dai mai dan)KET QUA DUONG BAO DO VONG Ti choang cach Momen dueng Momen am im Gist Cm) | Veeco) | Gis wim) | Viti cm L 2 t 3 4 5 000 | 1.6728 E-03 | 2.2800 +02 | - 1 5867E-03) 2.4900 E + 02 | 0.75 1.5231 E03 | 2.28008 +02 | - 1.3877 E-03| 2.4850E + 02 3.75 | 1A7I8E-03 | 25450E +02 | - 7.0338 B-04| 24750 +02 6.75 | 2.4009E-03 | 2.54908 +02 | -2.1529E-04) 2.4650£ +02 | 9.13 | 29733B-03 | 2.54506 +02 | - 1.61608 - 04) 2.4000 E + 02 1275 | 31306£-03 | 2.5430B +02 | - 1.91908 -04] 2.3850 + 02 15.75 | 3.0161 B-03 | 2.5250 +02 | - 1.0618 £-04! 2.3550 E +02 18.75 | 2.7314B+03 | 2S100E +02 | -9.7943B-05) 2.3300 B +02 21.75 | 2.2952F-03 | 2.49505 +02 | - 8.8653 E-05| 2.6000 E +02 | 2475 | 1,7549E-03 | 2.4800E +02 | - 9.9531 £-05) 2.27008 + 02 27.75 | 15191 8-03 | 2.38506 +02 | -9.9823 5-05] 2.2400 E + 02 30.75 | 1.4682 E-03 | 2.3850 +02 | -9,8440 E05} 5.2050 E +02 33.79) 1.3733 E-03 | 2.3400 +02 | - 1.1816 E- 04] 2.4600 E + 02 36.75 | 2.0443 +03 | 2.54508 +02 | - 2.8495 E- 04] 2.4550 +02 39.75 | 3.5359E-03 | 2.5450E +02 | -2.7600B-04] 5.42505 +02 42.75 | 495476-03 | 25450E +02 | - 2.6432 E- 04] 2.4000 E +02 45.75 | 6.0906E-03 | 2.5450E +02 | - 2.79205 -04| 2.3650 E + 02 48.75 | 6.7960E-03 | 2.54506 +02 | -2.8018E -04| 2.3350 8 +02 51.75 | 6.99386-03 | 2.5400 +02 | - 3.0238 E- 04] 2.30505 +02 34.75 | 7.09876 -03 | 250008 +02 | - 3.0514 B-04) 2.27505 +02 57.25) 7.5177E-03 | 2.4600E +02 | - 2.9616 E-04! 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Két qua tinh ton duong bao noi Wye trong giai doan khai thie KET QUA DUONG BAO MOMEN oo ‘Momen tieu chun ‘Momen tinh toan im) Max (Tm) | Min(m) | Max(Tm) | Min (m) (cee eee Z : 5 j 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 38 540.31 910.58 459.46 1075.10 77 | R32.48 1513.65 659.49 171.43 ts 876.33 1680.75 708.07 1915.10 , isd on.as 1490.83 497.21 1716.95 19.2 219.24 1065.85 62.94 1228.16 on 481.39 267.98 633.87 362.58 j 29 ~1868,26 192.28 -1789.76 658,70 308 2931.67 | -2079.79 | 3410.20 | -1812.98 | 360 922.79 -358.23 “1118.93 -270.05, ean) 31866 | 846.89 204.22 1025.06 465 945.00 1689.57 750.04 2051.80 sis 1104.58 1924.47 879,20 2357.76 S19 801.09 1641.77 591.60 2014.55 622 3467 | 753.05, 951.70 67s -1279.89 542.15 408 54 | 728 3297.92 -2377.82 -3976.14 -2058.10 78.0 1263.78 “595.10 “1847.12 434.40 83.3 $177 740.57 85.86 916.78 88S 783.70 165301 571.50 2023.52 | 938 1052.61 1959.67 812.13 2409.91 990 858.58 1748.24 629.12 2148.55 | waa 201.56 931.29 43.42 1167.00 5 109.5 1025.70 278.32 1274.65 140.48 Lo a7 -2968.47 1993.12 -3596.03 =1680.34 8Phu luc 3.2 (tiép theo) aa 2 i 4 5 1200 “1106.78 “370.18 ~1368.59 “235.17 1253 346 7543 “1129 952.3 1308 593.86 1494.48 381.90 1847.72 135.8 690.13 1626.93 459.81 202231 1410 323.35 Inas.2 120.98 1950.33 146.2 -506.39 258.43 onal 395.52 11.5 | -1889.77 sigoas | 2286.5 -969.49, 156.7 001.42 -3067.41 $4804.52 2713.47 162.1 1510.09 -791.00 “1839.76 | -652.50 167.4 233.86 972.99 Tall 1208.31 1728 1394.16 2323.91 M4L.AL 2822.05 178.4 2074.63 3038.13 1776.26 | 3684.36 1835 2275.32 3238.19} 1979.61 3888.65 188.8 1996.66 | 2823.76 175.54 3355.63 194.2 1238.20 1716.65 1091.65 2079.59 19.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 KET QUA DUONG BAO LUC CAL 9a do mat eft | ‘Trai gr cat teny Max) | Min ¢P) Max (T) Min (1) a2 4 4 s 00 148.56 338.30 142.89 302.86 38 86.67 240.95 86.67 240.95 1 Wi | een 19 143.73 Us | 66.93 50.5 66.93 $0.35 isd “158.61 227 “15861 227 192 252.55 91.90) 28255 | 91.90 2.1 “351.65 “161.78 351.65 “161.78 209 450.52 “230.37 450.52 230.37 30.8 546.65 291.39 292.60 566.63 719Phu luc 3.2 (tiép theo) i | 2 3 4 5 360 | 210.16 4136.56 20.16 436.56 ALR 120.72 307.60 120.72 307.60 46.5 24.11 181.97 24.11 181.97 518 -75.39 57.69 -15.39 57.69 510 201.07 -40.40 201.07 -40.40 022 -326,39 134.46 326.39 +134.46 678 455.19 -27.08 455.19 227.08 728 7585.34 -310.69 305.77 589.96 78.0 223.17 459.88 223.17 459,88, 83a 132.97 33107 132.97 331.07 885 36.25 205.66 36.25 205.66 98 | 6148 79.67 61.48 79.67 99.0 -185.48 20.04 =185.48 -20.04 104.2 “310.85, “M751 “310.85 “11751 19S | -439.64 207.18 -439.64 -207.18 , a7 569.72 289.81 272.68 552.00 120.0 190.13 421.99 190.13 421.99 128.3 100.72 293.19 100.72 293.19 Bos 3.66 167.73 3.66 167.73 135.8 99.37 47.09 -99.37 47.09 141.0 224.96 6.96 224.96 50.96 | 146.2 350.12 “147.31 -350.12 “147.31 Isis 478.76 238,93 478.16 238.93 156.7 -608.85 “321.73 386.63 686.72 | tar | xe | sar | one | ssn 167.4 DoH 423.86 210.91 423.86 ims | 119.43 295.97 119.43 298.97 | ime 24.52 16501 24.52 165.01 | 183.5 80.47 43.82 -80.47 43.82 1838.8 204.64 “35.49 204.64 “55.49 194.2 33.89 “155.72 333.89 155.72 | 199.5 -466.34 244.66 434.41 2244.66 80Phu luc 3.3. Bé tri bé cap DUL cho timg phan doan BO TRI BO CAP DUL CHO TUNG PHA! V DOAN DAM (Tinh theo duong bao noi lye) Cér thép thr cong Cot thép khai thée Phan down Tren Dui Tren Dudi tl 24 14 2 24 2 24 fr 2 24 3 18 10 30 10 4 16 lo 6 14 5 18 10 24 8 6 18 10 2 “16 7 16 10 26 8 8 16 10 2 16 9 lo 6 2 8 to 2 g 2 4 BO TRI BG CAP DUL CHO TUNG PHAN DOAN = Chon sé b6 thong suét tr én: 16 va $6 6 thong sudt dusi: 12 OAM THEO QUAN DIEM I Tren Trén Dusi 1 24 14 16 24 z oe id 16 24 3 18 10 30 12 ‘ is 10 we fo 5 18 10 24 12 6 18 1D 16, 16 a 16 10 re | 6 9 10, 6 22 12 lo 12 8 16 = 81- Bo tri b6 cap DUL cho timg phan doan theo quan diém 2 Cot thép thi cong Cot thép khai thie Phan dows. Tren Dudi Teen Dui i 4 i4 2% 2B 2 24 14 24 26 3 18 10 2 10 4 16 to %6 16 5 18 10 28 10 6 18 10 18 18 7 16 10 28 10 8 16 10 %6 18 9 10 6 20 10 10 12 8 2 16 82Phu luc 3.4, Vi tri ctia ede b6 cdp DUL cia phan doan 1 (Chi lay phan doan 1 dac trung) VI TRI CAC BO CAP TREN BAN DINH CUA PHAN DOAN | (Trong giai doan thi cong theo quan diém 1) ‘Teng 96 b6 = 24 Bo x0 Xm) Ym) 1 3850 | 0.120 1 2 [Ee xeo0 0.120 IL 3 3.380 6.120 l 4 3.150 0.120 1 5 -2.920 or | 1 6 | 2.690 0.120 d 7 -2.350 0.120 ' 8 210 | 0.120 1 9 -1.890 0.120 1 lo “1.660 0.120 1 u 1420 | 0.120 | 1 12 -1,190 0.120 1 a 1.190 0.120 i 14 420 6.120 1 15 1.660 0.120 Ll 16 1.890, 0.120 1 7 2.120 0.120 I 18 2.350 0.120 1 9 2.690 0.120 I 20 2.920 0.120 1 1 3.150 0.120 1 2 3.380 0.120 1 2 3.620 0.120 ' m4 0.120 1 83VI TRI CAC BO CAP DUOI BAN DAY CUA PHAN DOAN 1 (Trong giai doan thi cong theo quan diém 1) ‘Tong $6 bd = 14 84VI TRI CAC BO CAP TREN BAN BINH CUA PHAN BOAN | (Trong giai doan Khai thac theo quan diém 1) Tong s6 b6 Lp 1 xem Yim) Ma bs ' 1 3.850 9.120 1 | 2 3.620 0.120 1 3 3.690 0.120 1 4 3.120 0.120 1 s | 2920 0.120 \ 6 2690 04120 1 a 2.350 0.120 1 8 | 220 0.4120 1 | 9 | 1.890 0.120 1 | 1 10 -1.660 0.20 1 : n “1.420 0.120 t 2 1.190 0.120 1 3 1.190 0.120 \ | “4 L420 0.124 15 1.660 0.120 1 ! 16 1.890 020 1 ! 7 2.120 0.120 1 Is 2.350 0.120 1 19 2.590 0.120 1 20 2.920 0.120 i 2 3.120 0.120 L | 22 3.380 0.120 1 2 3.620 0.120 1 | 4 3.850 0.120 1 f 85VI TRI CAC BO CAP DUG! BAN DAY CUA PHAN DOAN 1 (Trong giai doan khai thac theo quan diém 1) Ung s6 bo Yim) Mi 2,370 2,370 2.370 2.370 2.370 2.370 2,370 2,370 2.370 2,370 2,370 2,370 2.370 2,370 | 2.370 2.370 2,370 2370 2.370 2,370 2,370 2,370 2,370 2.370 2.370 2,370 2.370 Fs eee ce ee