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A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES BASED ON THE TECHNIQUE OF
ADJUSTMENT IN THE NOVEL OF HARRY POTTER AND THE
DEATHLY HOLLOWS INTO HARRY POTTER DAN RELIKUI KEMATIAN
THESIS
Submitted as a partial fulfillment of requirements
For the Sarjana Sastra Degree at English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
By:
ISDIATI AGUSTRIANI
C1306506
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2011
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A Translation Analysis of Exclamatory Sentences

Based on the Technique of Adjustment in the Novel of Harry Potter
and The Deathly Hallows into Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian
By:
ISDIATI AGUSTRIANI
C1306506
Approved to be examined before the Board of Examiners of English Department

Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University
Consultant
Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, MA, Ph.D

NIP 196 303 281 992 011 001
The Head of S1 Non-Regular English Department
Drs. Budi Waskito, M. Pd.

NIP 195 211 081 983 031 001
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A Translation Analysis of Exclamatory Sentences

Based on the Technique of Adjustment in the novel of Harry Potter
and The Deathly Hallows into Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian
By:
ISDIATI AGUSTRIANI
C1306506
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners of English Department

Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University
On January , 2011
Position
Name
Signature
Chairman
Drs. Budi Waskito, M.Pd

NIP. 195 211 081 983 031 001
Secretary
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA

NIP. 196 708 301 993 021 001
Prof. Drs. MR. Nababan, M.Ed, MA, Ph.D

NIP. 196 303 281 992 011 001
Ardianna Nuraeni, SS, M.Hum

NIP. 198 209 272 008 122 001
First Examiner
Second Examiner
Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Sudarno, M.A.

NIP. 195commit
303 141
to 985
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Isdiati Agustriani
Student Number
: C 1306506
Pronounces truthfully that the thesis entitled A Translation Analysis of

Exclamatory Sentences Based on the Technique of Adjustment in The Novel of
Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows into Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian is
originally made by the researcher. It is not a plagiarism nor is it made by other
people. The things related to the other peoples words are written in quotation and
included in the bibliography.
If this pronouncement is proved incorrect in the future, the researcher is
ready to take the responsibility.
Surakarta, January 2011

The Researcher
Isdiati Agustriani
C1306506
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MOTTO
The competitor to be feared is one who never bothers about you at

all, but goes on making his own business better all the time.
(Henry Ford)
If my mind can conceive it, and my heart can believe it,

Then, I can achieve it.
(Mohammad Ali)
Faith is taking the first step even when you dont see the
whole stairs.
(Marthin Luther King)
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to:

My Beloved Earth and Heaven, Mom and Dad
My Adored Brothers and Sisters
My Future Life-Partner
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Acknowledgment
To obtain Sarjana Sastra degree is a dream for almost all people including
me. Without people who encourage and give their honest and truthful thoughts,
this journey will never end. This thesis is the beginning of my new chapter of life.
Therefore, it is a pleasure to thank all the people who have made it possible.
1.
Drs. Sudarno, M.A., The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas
Maret University.
2.
Drs. Budi Waskito, M. Pd., The Head of S1 Non-Regular English

Department and my academic supervisor for the guidance during my study,
for giving an approval and a permission to write this thesis.
3.
A very special thank to Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M. Ed., MA., Ph. D.
Without his guidance and support, none of this will ever be accomplished.
Thank you does not seem adequate but definitely it is said with appreciation
and respect.
4.
I would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support of some very special
individuals. They helped me enormously with encouragement and
friendships. They mirrored back my ideas so I heard them aloud, an
important process for this writer to shape her thesis paper and future work.
Betha, Key, Inul, Dije, Anggun and Ayu. I can only say proper thank you by
presenting more achievement of further study.
5.
Lastly, and most importantly, I wish to thank my family, absolutely without

their support, school and work would not have been possible. Their belief
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that one should follow what they love allowed me the freedom to pursue my
Sarjana degree.
Surakarta,
January 2011
Isdiati Agustriani
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANT..................................................................
ii
APPROVAL OF BOARD EXAMINERS .
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
iv
MOTTO ..
DEDICATION ...
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
ABSTRACT
xiii
ABBREVIATION ..
xv
LIST OF TABLE....
xvi
I.
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Research Background ....................................................................
1.2.
Problem Statement .........................................................................
1.3.
Research Objectives ...............................................................
1.4.
Research Limitation ...
1.5.
Research Benefits ...
1.6.
Thesis Organization
10
II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.
Definition of Translation ...
12
2.2.
Process of Translation ................................................................
13
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2.3.
Problems in Translation ............
14
2.4.
Context ..............
15
2.5.
Technique of Adjustments......
17
2.6.
Accuracy and Acceptability ...
30
2.7.
Definition of Sentences ..........
32
2.8.
Classification of Sentences .....
33
2.9.
Style
36
2.10. About the Novel ..
36
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1.
Type of Research ...
38
3.2.
Data and Source of Data .................................................
38
3.3.
Sample and Sampling Technique ...
39
3.4.
Research Procedure ...
40
3.5.
Technique of Collecting Data ....
40
3.6.
Technique of Analyzing Data
42
IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1.
Introduction ....
44
4.2.
Research Findings ..
47
4.2.1. Technique of Adjustment ...
47
4.2.1. Add.
Adjustment in terms of addition .
49
4.2.1. Sub.
Adjustment in terms of subtraction .
50
4.2.1. Alt.
Adjustment in terms of alteration ..
51
4.2.1. Add+Alt
Adjustment in terms of addition and alteration .

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4.2.1. Sub+Alt
Adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration...
53
4.2.2. The Purpose of the Technique of Adjustment
54
4.2.2. Struc/Add
Addition as the Requirement of the Structure of the

RL ...........................................................................
4.2.2. Struct/Add+Alt
Addition and Alteration as the Requirement of

the Structure of the RL ..................................
4.2.2.Sem/Add
56
58
Addition to produce Semantically Equivalence

Structure .................................................................
4.2.2.Sem/Sub
59
Subtraction to produce Semantically Equivalence

Structure ....................................................................
4.2.2.Sem/Alt
61
Alteration to produce Semantically Equivalence

Structure .................................................................
63
4.2.2. Sem/Sub+Alt Subtraction and Alteration to produce Semantically

Equivalence Structure ...........................................
4.2.2.Sty/Add
Addition
to
provide
Equivalence
Stylistic
Appropriateness .........................................................
4.2.2.Sty/Sub
Subtraction
to
provide
Equivalence
Alteration
to
provide
Equivalence
68
Addition and Alteration to provide Equivalence

Stylistic Appropriateness ...................................
4.2.2. Sty/Sub+Alt
67
Stylistic
Appropriatness .......................................................
4.2.2. Sty/Add+Alt
66
Stylistic
Appropriatness ..........................................................
4.2.2.Sty/Alt
64
Subtraction and Alteration to provide Equivalence

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Stylistic Appropriateness .......................................

4.2.2. Comm/Add
Addition to carry an Equivalent Communication

Load .......................................................................
4.2.2. Comm/Sub
73
Subtraction to carry an Equivalent Communication

Load ........................................................................
4.2.2. Comm/Alt
71
74
Alteration to carry an Equivalent Communication

Load ..........................................................................
75
4.2.2.Comm/Sub+Alt Subtraction and Alteration to carry an Equivalent

Communication Load ..........................................
77
4.2.3. Accuracy and Acceptability ...........................................................
78
4.2.3. A. The Accuracy of the Translation .............................................
83
4.2.3. A.1. Classification A ......................................................................
84
4.2.3. A.2. Classification B ......................................................................
87
4.2.3. A.3. Classification C ......................................................................
91
4.2.3. B. The Acceptability of the Translation .........................................
94
4.2.3. B.1. Classification A ......................................................................
94
4.2.3. B.2. Classification B ......................................................................
96
4.3. Discussion ........................................................................................
98
V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...
105
5.1.
Conclusions....
105
5.2.
Suggestions........
108
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
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ABSTRACT
Isdiati Agustriani. C1306506. 2011. A Translation Analysis of Exclamatory
Sentences based on the Technique of Adjustment in the novel of Harry Potter
and the Deathly Hallows into Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian. English
Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
Surakarta.
The aims of the study are to find out the technique of adjustments, the
purposes of applying technique of adjustment and accuracy and acceptability of
the translation of exclamatory sentences in Harry Potter and the Deathly
Hallows.
The research is a descriptive qualitative method which employs total
sampling technique. 121 exclamatory sentences in the novel Harry Potter and The
Deathly Hallows were taken as the data.
Based on the analysis, the researcher ascertains the following results:
First, based on the tabulation, it is apparent that the most dominant
technique of adjustment used by the translator is in terms of alteration which
amounts to 51.2%. Meanwhile, the second place is taken by the technique of
adjustment in terms of subtraction with 21.5%. The third major technique of
adjustment used is in terms of addition with 19.8%, followed by the technique of
adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration with 5.8% of 121 data and the
last is in terms of addition and alteration which amounts 1.7% from the whole
data. From this configuration, the findings of the technique of adjustments suggest
that the translation is source text oriented.
The tabulation also shows that the most dominant purpose of using
technique of adjustment is to provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness which
amounts to 53.7%. Meanwhile, the purpose to carry an equivalent communication
load takes second place with 24%. The third major purpose with 19.8% is taken
by producing semantically equivalence structure. The last purpose, as the
requirement of the structure of the RL takes the last place with 4 data or 3.3% of
121 data.
The findings of the research show that out of 121 translations of
exclamatory sentences in the novel Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows written
by JK Rowling, 75 data (62%) are accurate, 45 data (37.2%) are less accurate and
1 datum (0.8%) are inaccurate. The mean score of the accuracy level of the
translation is 2.6.
In terms of acceptability, there are 110 data (91 %) of the translations of
exclamatory sentences in the novel Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows written
by JK Rowling considered acceptable, 11 data (9%) are less acceptable and there
is no datum found unacceptable. The mean score of the acceptability level of the
translation is 2.8.
From the results, it is expected that the research will give an input to the
readers in conducting research on Exclamatory Sentence especially dealing with
the technique of adjustments. It commit
is suggested
to userthat other researchers analyze the
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technique of adjustments with different approach or in other classifications in

terms of the degree of accuracy and acceptability. They may challenge themselves
to analyze it of other sources, such as films or dramas.
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ABBREVIATIONS
SL
: Source Language
ST
: Source Text
RL
: Receptor Language
TT
: Target Text
Add
: Addition
Sub
: Subtraction
Alt
: Alteration
Sem
: Semantic
Struct : Structure
Sty
: Style
Comm : Communication
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1. Classification Based on Techniques of Adjustment
Table 4.2. Classification Based on Purposes of using Technique of Adjustment
Table 4.3. Accuracy Level of the Translation
Table 4.4. Acceptability Level of the Translation
Table 4.5. Accuracy Scale
Table 4.6. Acceptability Scale
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Research Background
Translation generally is defined as substituting a text in a source language
(SL) with that in a receptor one (RL). To conduct an accurate translation is not an
easy thing to do. It needs not only a knowledge competence of both source and
receptor language but also communication and translation competence.
In the globalization era when the needs of knowledge increase
significantly, translation plays a major role to transfer the knowledge from one
language to another. Therefore, many problems occur in the process of
transferring those languages since each language has its own cultural background.
Nidas idea in Widyamartaya states, The receptor language message must
have the closest equivalent of the SL message, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style (1989, p: 11), supports the statement that due to the
differences between the source and the receptor language, the translator has to
adjust his translation in order to make it equivalent with respect to the message of
the source and the receptor language.
In adjusting his translation, a translator should consider a technique of
adjustment. The technique of adjustment is concerned with what the translator
does in terms of addition, subtractions, and alterations in a process of translating.
Nida states The technique of adjustments are designed to produce correct
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equivalents, not to serve as an excuse for tampering with the source language
message (1964, p: 226).
In the process of translating, every translator always concerns himself with
some kinds of sentences because language cannot be separated from sentences.
There are several types of sentence in English. They are declarative sentence that
simply states a fact or argument, without requiring either an answer or action from
the reader; the interrogative sentence that asks a direct question and always ends
in a question mark; the exclamatory sentence or exclamation, that is simply a
more forceful version of a declarative sentence, marked at the end with an
exclamation mark; and the imperative sentence that gives a direct command to
someone -- this type of sentence can end either with a period or with an
exclamation mark, depending on how forceful the command is.
Type of sentence that is going to be analyzed in this research is
exclamatory sentence. According to Shane, Ferris, and Keener in their book,
Growth in Goodsss English 1958, Exclamatory sentence is a sentence spoken in
fear, anger, excitement, dread, joy, delight, or some other strong feeling that might
make a person cry out. It can be called a sentence which is cried out, or exclaimed
and ended by an exclamation point (!). The examples of the exclamatory
sentences found in the novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows will be
explained below.
Example 1
Vernon Dursley : You took your time! (001/HPaTDH-031/Alt/Sem)
: Kau sengaja berlambat-lambat! (001/HPdRK-049/Alt/Sem)
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Example 2
Dedalus Diggle : Good day to you, Harry Potters relatives! (002/HPaTDH036/ Sub+Alt/Sem)
:
Selamat
sore,
sanak
Harry
Potter!
(002/HPdRK-
056/Sub+Alt/Sem)
The first example is taken from a situation when Harry Potter is called by
his uncle, Vernon Dursley, but he does not come right after the calling while his
uncle urges him to come right away. He gives an impression to his uncle that he
does it in purpose and it upsets Vernon. Therefore, his uncle concludes that Harry
takes his time to react to his calling. The sentence is included as exclamatory
sentence instead of imperative sentence since the sentence does not show a
command. In his anger, Vernon Dursley roars to Harry when he finally appears.
To show Vernons strong feeling of displease towards Harry, the exclamation
mark is needed in the end of the sentence.
In the second example, the sentence is obviously included as exclamatory
sentence instead of imperative sentence due to the feeling of excitement and
delight experienced by Dedalus Diggle. He is one of Harry Potters admirers. The
situation in this conversation is the first occasion for him to meet Harry Potters
relatives. Therefore, the feeling of such delight and pleasure is shown in his
expression.
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows novel, the researcher finds many
exclamatory sentences that experience the technique of adjustment in terms of
addition, subtraction and alteration. To understand more about them, the examples
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Example 1: Exclamatory sentence in terms of addition.

Hermione
: Ron, we cant! (038/HPaTDH-137/Add/Comm)

: Ron, kita tidak bisa kesana! (038/HPdRK-223/Add/Comm)
The example above is quoted from the conversation between Hermione

and Ron. The following text will illustrate such condition.
After a minute or two, Ron said, You know, were not far from the Leaky
Cauldron here, its only in Charing Cross-
Ron, we cant! said Hermione at once.
Not to stay there, but to find out whats going on!
We know whats going on! Voldemorts taken over the Ministry, what else
do we need to know?
Setelah semenit-dua menit berlalu, Ron berkata, kalian tahu, kita tidak
jauh dari Leaky Cauldron, tempat itu cuma di Charing Cross-
Ron, kita tidak bisa kesana! kata Hermione segera.
Bukan untuk tinggal, tapi untuk mencari tahu apa yang terjadi!
Kita tahu apa yang terjadi! Voldemort sudah mengambil alih
Kementerian, apa lagi yang perlu kita ketahui?
The word kesana is added in the RL. Based on the situation above, the
word kesana refers to a place namely Charing Cross. It is not new information.
This translation is already correct and the addition does not add the meaning. It is
acceptable also if the translator does not add the word kesana, but she does it
because the added word kesana has been included elsewhere in the text and the
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translator attempts to carry an equivalence communication load. The translator

adds this word to intensify the meaning.
Example 2: Exclamatory sentence in terms of subtraction
Ron : Not to stay there, but to find out whats going on! (039/HPaTDH137/Sub/Sty)
: Bukan untuk tinggal, tapi untuk mencari tahu apa yang terjadi!
(039/HPdRK-223/Sub/Sty)
The example above is quoted from a conversation between Ron and

Hermione. The situation below will illustrate more.
After a minute or two, Ron said, You know, were not far from the Leaky
Cauldron here, its only in Charing Cross-
Ron, we cant! said Hermione at once.
Not to stay there, but to find out whats going on!
We know whats going on! Voldemorts taken over the Ministry, what else
do we need to know?
Setelah semenit-dua menit berlalu, Ron berkata, kalian tahu, kita tidak
jauh dari Leaky Cauldron, tempat itu cuma di Charing Cross-
Ron, kita tidak bisa kesana! kata Hermione segera.
Bukan untuk tinggal, tapi untuk mencari tahu apa yang terjadi!
Kita tahu apa yang terjadi! Voldemort sudah mengambil alih
Kementerian, apa lagi yang perlu kita ketahui?
The word there in the SL is subtracted. It does not lessen the meaning in
the RL because from the text, it is quite clear that the omitted word there refers
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to a place that has been mentioned before, so without translating the word there,
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it still can be understood. It seems unnecessary to repeat information which is

clear enough from the context of situation. So the subtraction does not lessen the
communication load nor deviate the source meaning.
Example 3: Exclamatory sentence in terms of alteration
Hagrid : An the last time you was on it, Harry, I could fit yeh in one hand!
(008/HPaTDH-051/Alt/Sty)
: Dan terakhir kali kau naik motor ini, Harry, kau cuma sebesar satu
tanganku ini! (008/HPdRK-079/Alt/Sty)
The exclamatory sentence above is taken from a situation when Hagrid

feels astonish of the second chance he got to protect Harry Potter with the same
vehicle, Sirius Blacks motorcycle. The first chance happens 16 years ago. The
illustration of such situation is as follows.
Is this it? Is this Siriuss bike?
The very same, said Hagrid, beaming down at Harry. An the last time
you was on it, Harry, I could fit yeh in one hand!
Inikah motornya? Inikah motor Sirius?
Motor yang sama, kata Hagrid, menunduk tersenyum pada Harry. Dan
terakhir kali kau naik motor ini, Harry, kau cuma sebesar satu tanganku
ini!
The translator has made an alteration in translating a clause I could fit yeh
in one hand. It is translated into kau cuma sebesar satu tanganku ini. Indeed, the
clause I could fit yeh in one hand is referred to the expression of surprise due to
Hagrids first experience to protect Harry Potter when he was a year-old baby. In
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that time, Harry was so small until Hagrid, a giant figure, could fit him only in
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one hand. Such alteration is intended to produce semantically equivalence

structure. As a result, the meaning of the clause becomes clearer. Finally, it can be
said that such alteration does not change or deviate the source meaning, it
generates meaning equivalence.
In addition to the techniques of adjustment that is used by the translator,
the researcher also observes the accuracy and acceptability as parts of quality
assessment of translation that are proposed to identify whether the translation
result is accurate, acceptable and/or does not sound as a translation product.
Accuracy is one of the elements of translation quality assessment. It deals
with the degree of accurateness of the message transfer. The target text, or the
translation product, should include a whole message in the source text. A
translation should not betray the original text of the source language text. In
addition, there is acceptability as another important aspect related to translation
quality assessment. The acceptability level is emphasized on the language factor.
The language use of the target text is expected to accept by target reader on a
common form as what the original, so it does not seem like a work of translation.
It means that the consideration of providing the Indonesian readers with
translation, to make it effortless for Indonesian enjoying literary works seems hard
to be completed and may furthermore create a bad understanding of the translation
to the target readers. However, it is possibly to some people that the translation
may not be hard to comprehend.
Moreover, this research intends to assess the accuracy and acceptability
level occurring in the Indonesian translation of Exclamatory-sentence, to find out
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whether the target text is acceptable and sounds natural to the target reader.
Furthermore, since the target text is a translation, the researcher attempts to
observe what reasons that underlie the translator to do such adjustment dealing
with the exclamatory sentence in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows. This
research is determined to have A Translation Analysis of Exclamatory Sentences
Based on The Technique of Adjustment in The Novel of Harry Potter and The
Deathly Hallows Into Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian.
1.2.
Problem Statements
Based on the research background, the researcher proposes some problem
statements as follows:
1. How are the exclamatory sentences in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows
translated into Indonesian in terms of technique of adjustments?
2. What are the purposes that underlie the translator to do such adjustment?
3. How are the accuracy and acceptability of the translation of exclamatorysentence that experience such adjustments in Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows novel?
1.3.
Research Objectives
The goals of this research are:
1. To illustrate the way of translating the exclamatory-sentences in Harry Potter

and The Deathly Hallows into Indonesian in terms of adjustment made by the
translator.
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2. To illustrate the purpose that renders the translator to do such adjustment.

3. To illustrate the accuracy and acceptability of the translations of exclamatorysentences that experience such adjustments in Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows novel.
1.4.
Research Limitation
Research limitation is necessary to be distinguished in purpose to evade
the research amiss from the aim. In this research, the researcher only makes an
analysis of translation on dialogues in the novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows written by J.K. Rowling that is translated into Indonesian by Listiana
Srisanti, which contains exclamatory-sentence. The analysis is constricted through
the technique of adjustment in terms of addition, subtraction, and alteration, the
purpose of using such technique and the quality assessment in term of accuracy
and acceptability.
1.5.
Research Benefit
The researcher expects that this research will be beneficial for:
1. English Department Students

This research is expected to be useful as an additional reference for the
students in studying the translation subject especially about technique of
adjustment in translation.
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2. Lecturers
This research can be used as an addition reference for the lecturers in teaching
translation subject.
3. Other researchers
This research can also be used to stimulate other researchers to conduct further
research related to this study.
1.6.
Thesis Organization
The Thesis organization is systematically arranged as follows:
CHAPTER I
: INTRODUCTION,
Problem
consists
Statements,
of
Research
Research
Background,
Objectives,
Research
Limitation, Research Benefit and Thesis Organization.

CHAPTER II
: LITERATURE
REVIEW,
consists
of
Definition
of
Translation, Process of Translation, Problems in Translation,

Context,
Technique
of
Adjustment,
Accuracy
and
Acceptability, Definition of Sentence, Classification of

Sentence, Style and About the Novel.
CHAPTER III
: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, consists of Type of

Research, Data and Source of Data, Sample and Sampling
Technique, Research Procedure, Technique of Collecting
Data, and Technique of Analyzing Data.
CHAPTER IV
: DATA ANALYSIS, consists of an Introduction, Research

Findings and Discussion.
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CHAPTER V
: CONCLUSION
AND
SUGGESTION,
conclusions and suggestions.
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consists
of
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, various kinds of theories related to this research will be

discussed. The theories are constructive for the researcher to conduct this study.
They will function as the basic foundation in analyzing the data of this research.
The theories include Definition of Translation, Process of Translation, Problems
in Translation, Context, Techniques of Adjustment, Accuracy and Acceptability,
Definition of Sentence, Classification of Sentence, Style and About the Novel.
The detailed description of each theory is as follows.
2.1.
Definition of Translation
In The Theory of Translation, Nida and Taber explain the definition of
translation as follow; Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor

language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in
term of meaning and secondly in term of style, (1978, p: 12). Besides that,
Catford defines translation as The replacement of textual material in one
language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language
(the target language) (1965, p: 20).
Brislin proposes another definition of translation. He says that
Translation is the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas
from one language (source) to another (receptor), whether the languages are in
written or oral form (1976, p: 6).
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Based on the statements above, it can be concluded that translation is a

process of message transference from one language (the source language) to other
language (the receptor language). In transferring the thoughts and message, the
most important thing is that the translator has to pay attention to the meaning and
the style of text.
2.2.
Process of Translation
Translating a text is a complex thing and consists of a series activity that
constitutes a process. Nida proposes simpler and more common translating

process illustrated in a scheme as follows:
Source Language
Receptor Language
Source Text
Translated Text
Analysis
Restructuring
Transfer
(Nida and Taber, 1974:33)
The explanation of the scheme as follows:

1. First, the translator has to read over text and understand the meaning and the
message of the text. It will be better to repeat reading the passage two or three
times in order to get a clear grasp of the entire content.
2. In order to understand the content of the text, the translator has to conduct a
linguistic analysis both through grammatical and meaning analysis that covers
the referential and connotative meaning.
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3. After finishing the analysis of the text and understanding the source language
message, the translator transfers the message into the target language. This
process discusses how the analysis result is transferred from the source
language to the target language with the least possible change in meaning and
with equal reaction as felt by the native source language speaker. The
transfer certainly is not perfect yet, so it needs correction consultation to the
more professional person about figurative language and style.
4. Lastly, the restructuring process discusses some kinds of figurative language,
style and technique which can be used in the translation. In this stage, the
translation must be adjusted with the grammar of the target language. The
translation must maintain the meaning of the source language. Then after the
restructuring is over, it means that the process of translation has also been
completed.
2.3.
Problems in Translation
J.C. Catford in A Linguistic Theory of Translation mentions,
There is a translation problem namely untranslatability.
Translation fails, or untranslatability occurs when it is impossible to
build functionally relevant features of the situation into the contextual
meaning of the TL text. There are two categories of untranslatability,
linguistic and cultural untranslatability. In linguistic untranslatability,
the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact
formal features of the language of the SL text. It occurs when TL has
no formally corresponding feature. (1965, p: 94)
In cultural untranslatability, the failure is due to the absence of the situational

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In his essay, A Framework for the Analysis and Evaluation of Theories

Translation that is compiled by Sakri in Ikhwal Menerjemahkan, Nida also
mentions two kinds of problems in transferring message, namely problems of
content and problems of form.
The circumstantial setting of the ST can give a serious
problem for the translator to provide the most equivalent text. Every
culture has its own characteristic that might be considered weird by
other cultures. This is called the problems of content. In such cases,
the translator may be forced to choose between the less
comprehensible cultural setting of the SL and the more intelligible but
anachronistic setting of the receptor language. (1985, p: 71)
Another problem in translating message is the problem of form. Nida said
that Though the difficulties related to the adequate reproduction of content are
often acute, they generally do not constitute as complex and intractable a series of
problems as the particular formal features of language employed in a message
(1976, p: 72). It is easier to analyze and describe the cognitive equivalences of
content then to find the formal equivalences of language.
2.4.
Context
Analyzing sentences related to the meaning cannot be separated from the
context. Context makes the sentences can be understood appropriately. About this,
Leech states Context deals with relevant aspects of the physical or social setting
of an utterance (1983, p: 13).
Context is a background knowledge, which is shared by speaker and
hearer in understanding their utterances. In short, someone who wants to
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understand the meaning of language used has to know exactly the context in
which the language is used.
Furthermore, Malinowsky mentions two notions of context, context of
situation and context of culture, which are playing important part in the
interpretation of meaning. Context of situation is the situation in which the text is
uttered. It refers to the environment of the text. Meanwhile, context of culture is
the cultural background or history behind the participant (in Halliday and
Hassan, 1985, p: 6).
Yet, with respect to the context of situation, Bloomfield states that the
meaning of a linguistic form is the situation in which the speaker utters it and the
response it calls forth in the hearer (in Samiati, 1990, p: 20). According to Allan
Keith, context can be categorized into three items, namely: setting, the world
spoken of, and textual environment.
Setting is defined on the spatio-temporal location of the
utterance. It means that setting refers to a particular time and place at
which a speaker makes an utterance and hearer hears or reads the
utterance (1986, p: 36);
The world spoken of is the world which is revealed in a certain
utterance. It can be the real world of mans experience, or it can be the
dream world, the fictional world or even the mix of factual and
fictional world (1986, p: 37);
The textual environment is a text in which an utterance
happens. The text containing certain utterance will show what world is
being spoken of, and also what persons, places, objects, states, events,
acts, etc are being spoken of in the utterance (1986, p: 37).
With respect to the three items of context, it can be summarized that
setting refers to time and place at which an utterance goes on, and the world
spoken of refers to the matter which is being discussed through the utterance,
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while the textual environment refers to a text in which an utterance occurs. So, the
three components complete one another.
Based on some definitions above, it can be concluded that context includes
time; the topic which is discussed; an information-background of an utterance or a
sentence in terms of the participants involved in communication; place at which
the utterance or the sentence occurs; and the textual characteristic in which the
utterance or sentence happens.
2.5.
Techniques of Adjustment
Technique of adjustment is often used by the translator in order to gain the
most equivalent result from the SL to the RL. It deals with what the translator
does in term of addition, subtraction, and alteration in this translation. Such
technique is consistent with Nidas idea as follows;
The present chapter deals with the technique of adjustment
used in the process of translating. Here we are concerned, therefore,
not with why the translator does one thing or another, but with what he
does, in terms of addition, subtraction, and alteration. (1964, p: 226)
Further, Nida states that the essential purpose of these techniques are to
produce correct equivalent, not to serve as an excuse for tampering with the
source language message (1964, p: 226).
Nida states that the essential purposes of adjustment are as follows:
1. Permit adjustment of the form of the message to the requirement of the
structure of the receptor;
2. Produce semantically equivalent structures;
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4. Carry an equivalent communication load (1964, p: 226-238).

The following are the brief explanation of adjustments techniques
proposed by Nida:
1.
Addition
According to Nida in his book entitled Toward A Science Translation,
there are so many types of addition which may be employed in the process of
translating, among them the most common and important are shown in the section
below. Many of these additions are actually a part of the process of structural
alteration, so that one technique of adjustment cannot be rigidly isolated from
another (1964, p: 227).
a. Filling out elliptical expression
Though ellipsis occurs in all languages, the particular structures which
permit such omitted words are by no means identical from language to
language. Accordingly, in an expression almost obligatory elliptical in one
language, an ellipsis may not be permitted in another (Nida 1964, p: 227).
Example:
SL: She is smarter than I
TL: Dia lebih pintar daripada saya yang pintar
The translation is filled by elliptical construction yang pintar to emphasize
that the subject I in RL is also smart but not as smart as She.
b. Obligatory specifications
The specification required in some translations result from one of two
reasons; (a) ambiguity in the receptor language formations, and (b) the fact that
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greater specifity may be required so as to avoid misleading reference (Nida 1964,

p: 228).
Example:
SL: Ron to the school
TL: Saya, Ron, pergi ke sekolah
The source language tells us about Ron only, however, the narrator is not
stated, whereas the narrator is Ron. Therefore, it is necessary to add the word
saya. So the translation on the target language is clear enough.
c. Additions required by grammatical restructuring
Almost any type of restructuring of a source language expression can
result in some lexical ambiguity. Perhaps the most common instances which
require amplification are:
1. Alteration of word classes.
Probably the most frequent additions must be made when there is a shift in
word classes (Nida, 1964, p: 228).
Example:
SL : False journalist.
TL : Orang yang berpura-pura menjadi wartawan.
The alteration of word class above happens in the adjective false that may
be shifted into another class of words expressed by prepositions or conjunctions
and then carried by verbs. Thus, the word false is altered into a full sentence and
the addition, of course, appeared to be orang yang berpura-pura.
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2. Modification from indirect to direct discourse.

When an indirect discourse, whether explicit or implicit, is changed into a
direct discourse a number of elements must be added. This is especially so when
the discourse is largely implicit (Nida, 1964, p: 228).
Example:
SL: Mom informed us that she would go to Jakarta the next day.
TL: Ibu berkata, Ibu akan pergi ke Jakarta besok.
The word berkata is added as the predicate because the translator changes
indirect sentence into direct sentence.
3. Shifts of voice.
When a passive expression is changed to an active one it is obviously
necessary to insert the agent.
Example:
SL: He was elected president. (passive voice)
TL: Mereka memilih dia menjadi presiden. (active voice)
As seen on the example of the passive voice above, the subject of the
sentence receives the action whereas we use the active voice when the subject of
the sentence does the action as seen on the second example. In passive voice we
do not need to insert the agent, while in active voice it is necessary to insert the
agent, in this instance is mereka.
d. Amplification from implicit to explicit status
Important semantic elements carried implicitly in the SL may require
explicit identification in the receptor language.
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Example:
SL: Her sense of humour does lighten the general air of claustrophobia.
TL:
Rasa
humornya
memang
mengisyaratkan
tanda-tanda
umum
claustrophobia yaitu suatu perasan takut berada di ruangan tertutup.

On the example above, the translator gives a clear explanation about what
is meant by claustrophobia to avoid perplexity in reading the translation, because
such term like claustrophobia may sounds unfamiliar for the RL reader.
e. Classifiers
Classifiers provide a convenient device for building meaningful
redundancy into an overload text, especially in languages which readily employ
such terms to identify proper names and borrowed terms.
Example:
SL: All Chinese are also our brothers.
TL: Semua etnis China juga saudara kita.
Chinese is a person who originally comes from China. In other words, he
or she professes China blood. The translator adds the word etnis to explain that
what is meant by Chinese is China people.
f. Connectives
Transitionals, which consist of the repetition of segments of the preceding
text, are widely used in many languages. Such transitionals appreciably increase
the total volume of the text, but do not add information (Nida, 1964, p: 230).
Example:
SL: Avoid using it during the first trimester of pregnancy, patients with
gastric ultras.
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TL: Hindari penggunaan Bisolvon pada tiga bulan pertama kehamilan dan
pada penderita tukak lambung.
The translator adds the word dan on the target language. It is used to
denote the relationship between the first sentence and the next phrase.
g. Doublets
Doublets happen in a certain type of discourse, they denote the
conversation. In some languages, some texts employ the types of additions to
denote the direct conversation; therefore, those texts resemble a quotation mark.
But in a particular occasion the translator has to state the supporting explanation.
Example:
SL: He said
TL: Dia berkatakatanya
From the example above, we can conclude that doublet usually appears on
the certain type of context used to denote the direct conversation and function as
the quotation mark.
2.
Subtraction
Though, in translating, subtractions are neither so numerous nor varied as
additions, they are, nevertheless, highly important in the process of adjustment

(Nida, 1964, p: 231). They include primarily the following types
a. Repetition
In many languages one of the many repeated lexical items must be omitted
or in some cases replaced by a term that intensifies the expression in question.
Example:
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SL: Play for me now! Now Ill dance!
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TL: Sekarang mainkanlah untukku! Aku akan menari!

As seen in the example above, the translator omits the word now to avoid
the repetition of information. This kind of omission is done to make an effective
sentence in RL.
b. Specification of reference
The repetition of a proper name in two closely related sentences
sometimes is misleading, thus omission can be applied.
Example:
SL: Tata is happy because she is going to have a long holiday.
TL: Tata senang karena akan mendapatkan libur panjang.
The translator reduces the participant she into Tata on the translation
because it has been mentioned on the first clause.
c. Conjunctions
Two principal types of conjunctions are lost, namely: (a) those associated
with hypotactic constructions; and (b) those which link coordinates, elements
often combined without conjunctions, either in appositional relationships.
Referring to point (a), it can be explained that hypotactic conjunction is the
conjunction relating two or more clauses, but each clause has a different position,
one as a dependent clause and the other as an independent clause (Nida, 1964, p:
232). It can be seen in the example below:
SL: I was sick, so that I couldnt go to the office.
TL: Saya sakit, saya tidak masuk kerja.
The translator reduces the hypotactic conjunction so that in the dependent clause,
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The conjunction denoting the coordinate of the lexical element, which is

usually related without a certain conjunction will be seen on the next example:
SL: Sue, who is my sister, went to Singapore last week.
TL: Sue, kakak saya, pergi ke Singapura minggu lalu.
As seen on the example above, the translator omits the conjunction who is in the
target language.
d. Vocative
All languages have ways of calling to people, but in some languages there
is no means by which one may directly address another in a polite form (Nida,
1964, p: 232). In certain situation, the ways of calling to people (vocatives) can be
shifted into nearby clause or omitted, if the total impact does not distort the
meaning.
Example:
SL: Sam said to Bill, Dad where are you going?
TL: Sam berkata pada Bill, ayahnya, pergi kemana?
The use of the name or a title in a direct form may imply that the person was at
some distance or that he was roundly denounced before others. In the example
above the vocative dad is shifted into a nearby clause.
e. Formulae
A number of formulae in SL are relatively meaningless in receptor
language. Hence, the formulae may be subtracted.
Example:
SL: in His name.
TL: oleh-Nya.
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The example above shows us that the clause in His name can be translated into
oleh-Nya because the word His name and Nya refer to the same object which is
God.
f. Categories
The insistence of some translators that all categories in the original be
fully reflected in the receptor language text has resulted in very awkward
translations. When the receptor language simply has no corresponding category
the translator has no problem. He is simply obliged to omit such references, or to
express them in entirely different ways (Nida, 1964, p: 232). This problem can be
found in the difference of Indonesian and English tense system.
Example:
SL: I am sitting in front of my teacher now.
TL: Saya sedang duduk di depan guru saya.
English has the system of tenses that are used to explain about when the action is
done, but Indonesian does not have because it will bring redundancy. As seen on
the example above, the translation of the adverb of time now does not exist in RL
sentence. It is because the existence of word sedang denotes that the action
happens in the present time.
g. Transitionals
Transitionals differ from conjunctions in that, instead of combining two
formally related units, they serve merely to mark a translation from one unit to
another (Nida, 1964, p: 232). Transitional constitutes a short and efficient
paraphrase to substitute the equivalent meaning that has been mentioned before.
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Example:
SL: We have been going in a long journey since the morning, here comes
the time for us to have dinner.
TL: Kita telah melakukan perjalanan jauh sejak tadi pagi, sekarang kita
makan malam.
As stated before, transitional is a short paraphrase. It can be seen on the phrase
here comes the time which is translated into sekarang. It means that the
subtraction happens on the phrase here comes the time. After looking at the
translation, we can conclude that transitional is an effective manner to paraphrase
long words into a shorter word.
3.
Alteration
According to Nida, alterations may, of course, be all types, from the
simplest problems of correspondence in sounds to the most complicated

adjustment in idiomatic phrases. Some types of alteration are discussed below.
a. Sounds
Even the most consistent system of transliteration may occasionally
produce a severe difficulty, since the resulting form may have another meaning in
the receptor language.
Example:
SL: John said, I love you, babe.
TL: John berkata: Aku mencintaimu, sayang.
The word babe is quite misleading for Indonesian especially for Betawinese. The
word babe in Betawi means father, while in English it means darling. The
translator must be careful in translating
word babe. The example above is
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uttered by John (an English person) so it is appropriate to translate the word babe
into sayang.
b. Categories
Alteration of categories include shifts from a singular expression to plural,
a past-tense to a future, passive to active voice, etc. The employment of
expressions which have no corresponding function in the source language also
belongs to this class of alteration (Nida, 1964, p: 234).
Example:
SL: I am gripped by them
TL: Buku-buku tersebut sungguh memikat hati saya.
The shifts from passive to active involve similar alterations of categories. The
subject is changed from I into buku-buku tersebut. The object of the first
sentence (them = buku-buku tersebut) is put as a subject in the second sentence.
c. Word classes
Alteration of word classes includes the shifts from noun to verb,
preposition to verb, etc.
Examples:
SL: Youre saying it wrong, Harry heard Hermione snapped.
TL: Cara ngomongmu salah, Harry mendengar Hermione menukas.
The alteration of word class can be seen when the translator translate the word
saying into cara ngomong. Saying is a verb while cara ngomong is a noun
phrase.
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d. Order
The shifts are used to emphasize important elements in a sentence, and
provide a pleasing rhyme, so they can make clear of a complicated expression.
Example:
SL: The Queen knew only too well that the simple act of getting the Waleses
to talk at all was a miracle.
TL: Ratu sangat memahami bahwa hanya keajaiban belaka yang dapat
membuat pasangan Wales berbicara.
There is a change of order in the example above. In the first sentence, the word
was a miracle is put in the end of the sentence, but in the translation it is put in the
middle of the sentence. The change of order is done to make a natural translation.
e. Clause and sentence structure
The most serious problems of alteration in clause and sentence structure
are found in shifts between hypotactic and paratactic formations, with or without
additions or subtractions of lexical elements.
Two other important alterations in clause and structure involve:
1. Shifts from questions to statements.
Example:
SL: Havent I told you he is not going!
TL: Sudah kubilang dia tidak boleh pergi!
2. Changes from indirect discourse to direct.
Example:
SL: He warns the boys not to swim out too far.
TL: Dia berkata, Jangan berenang terlalu jauh anak-anak!
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f. Semantic problems involving single words

All the semantic problems involving single words arise from distinctions
in hierarchical status. Accordingly, alterations of this type may be classified on
the basis of whether the lexical elements in question are of a lower rank, of a
higher rank, of a higher rank plus qualifiers, or of the same rank but shifted in
position (Nida, 1964, p: 236)
Examples:
SL: They celebrate the Easter.
TL: Mereka merayakan hari raya Paskah.
Every Christian all over the world celebrate the Easter because Easter is one of
Christians holy days. English people use the word Easter while Indonesian calls
it hari raya Paskah. The translator alterates the term Easter into hari raya
Paskah.
g. Semantic problems involving exocentric expressions
This type of alteration is applied to translate expressions or idioms.
Because of the different social-cultural background between the SL and RL,
consequently a translator often makes a radical change in translating idioms or
expressions.
Example:
SL: Load of old tosh, said uncle Vernon.
TL: Omong kosong besar, kata paman Vernon.
The idiom load of old tosh is used to indicate that someone is talking about
something that does not make sense. In Indonesia load of old tosh means omong
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kosong besar. The translator translates it in an appropriate way because those

idioms have the same meaning.
2.6.
Accuracy and Acceptability

The quality assessment of translation is intended to identify whether a
piece of translation is accurate, readable, acceptable and does not sound as a

translation product. The quality assessment covers three points, they are:
1. The Accuracy
Accurate means reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning of the
source text. In translating a text, accuracy is an important thing for the translator
to concern. As Baker states,
Accuracy is no doubt an important aim in translation but it is
also important to bear in mind that the use of common target language
patterns which are familiar to the target reader plays an important role
in keeping the communication channels open (1992, p: 57).
It can be said that in translating a text the translator should also concern to
the familiar language pattern which is usually use by the target readers. It is also
relates to the quality of results and is distinguished from correctness.
Accuracy is not only at the word level, it is also involving every
grammatical level of the language. A translation text may be accurate based on the
words which are used in transferring the meaning from the source language to the
target language, but if it does not have relation to each other according to the
standard rules of grammar and language usage, it can be said not accurate.
Therefore, a translator must have a sufficient knowledge of the field being
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and clear understanding of the concepts involved in the subject matter can a
translator produce a translation which is both accurate and easy to read.
2. The Readability
Readability refers to how easily a translation can be read. The more
natural are the vocabularies and the forms used in translation, the higher it will
rank readability. Richard et al defines the readability as readabilityhow easily
written materials can be read and understood (in Nababan, 1999, p: 63).
3. The Acceptability
A good translation does not sound like a translation (Nida and Taber,
1969). It means that the text which is translated sound natural for the target
readers. To make the translation acceptable or sound natural for the target reader,
a translator does not only have to translate whatever it is stated in the source
language, but she/he also has to reconstruct, adapt, or even rewrite it.
Acceptability can only be measured by the target language native speakers
as Larsson states, The person who does the testing must also understand
translation principles and knows the receptor language as well. If she/he needs
some respondents, they must be also target language native speaker (1984, p:
472). Those who are helping with the evaluation should be mother-tongue
speakers of the receptor language (1984, p: 49). Based on those reasons, to make
a translation acceptable to the target reader, a translator must have more
sensitivity to the naturalness of the target language.
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However, not all target language native speakers can be respondents of

acceptability because each text has its own target readers. Therefore, it needs
proper target reader to measure the level of acceptability of a translation text.
Based on those reasons, the researcher limited this research only in the
accuracy and acceptability of a novel Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows
and its translation. Since this book does not mention the specific target readers,
therefore the researcher decided only to analyze its accuracy and acceptability.
2.7.
Definition of Sentence
There are many definitions about sentence said by the linguistics such as
Marcella Frank who states that a sentence is a full predication containing a

subject plus a predicate with finite verb. The classifications of sentence are:
declarative sentence (statement), interrogative sentence (question), imperative
sentence (command request), exclamatory sentence (exclamation) (1972, p: 22).
While Joseph C. Blumenthal et all, define a sentence as a group of words
expressing a completed thought and containing at least a verb and its subject
(1983, p: 248).
From the definition by Blumenthal above, we can conclude that a
sentence, at least, consists of a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete
thought.
The subject of a sentence,, according to Blumenthal, is something about
which a statement is made (1983, p: 250). It can be a noun or any word or group
of words substituting for a noun. Meanwhile, Hodges in Harbrace College
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Handbook defines subject as a basic grammatical division of a sentence. Subject

is a noun or noun substitute about which something is asserted or asked in the
predicate. It usually precedes the predicate (1984, p: 555).
In order to complete a good sentence, a subject is always followed by the
predicate, which according to House and Harman, predicate is the word or group
of words denoting that which is said of the subject (1950, p: 12). The predicate
may only be a finite verb, or it may be a finite verb with its complements and
modifiers.
2.8.
Classification of Sentence
According to Warriner in his book English Grammar and Composition,
sentences are classified into to which are according to structure and according to
meaning. These classifications are discussed in the following paragraphs.
1. Classification of sentence according to structure
a. A simple sentence is one that consists of a single independent clause and
no subordinate clauses. The simple sentence always contains one subject
and one verb.
Example:
The manager supervises the running program.
b. A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses that are related
in thought and joined by one or more coordinating conjunctions.
Example:
The manager is rewriting the instruction, and he will submit his

draft to the board of directors for approval.
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c. The complex sentence is one that consists of at least one independent clause
and one or more dependent clauses. Major emphasis is placed on the
independent clause and the dependent clause gains its meaning from the
independent clause. The clauses in a complex sentence that has only two
clauses are joined by a subordinating conjunction.
Example:
You earn money while you work.
d. A compound-complex sentence consists of a compound sentence (one with

two or more independent clause) and at least one dependent clause.
Example:
Some of the employees who worked during the war years have
retired, but many of them are still employed in the same office
(1958, p: 81).
2. Classification of sentence according to meaning

a. A declarative sentence is one that makes a statement. Such a
sentence ends with
a period.
the parts of a declarative
The
sentence
normal
is
grammatical
order of
the subject first followed by the
predicate with all its modifiers.

Example: I found her book on my desk.
b. An imperative sentence is one that gives a command or makes a request.
The subject of an imperative sentence is seldom expressed. The word you,
understood, is the subject when a subject is not used. A period is normally
used at the end of an imperative sentence; however, it may be followed
by an exclamation point if it is an emphatic command.
Examples: - Read that exercise.
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- Close the door!

c. An
interrogative
sentence
is
one
that
asks
question.
The normal grammatical order of the words is inverted in an interrogative

sentence and the sentence may begin with either a verb or an adverb with
the subject following. An interrogative sentence ends with a question
mark.
Examples: - Did you hear the bell sound?
- Where did you file the incoming letter?
d. An exclamatory sentence is a complete sentence that expresses surprise,
excitement, or other strong emotion. The order of the sentence is generally
invertedthe subject and verb are placed near the end. An exclamatory
sentence ends with an exclamation point.
Examples: - What a storm that was!
- How wonderful that is for you! (1958, p: 41)
However, if the speaker shows strong feeling when making a statement,
asking a question, or giving a command then the speakers sentence is
exclamatory.
Examples: - I won the prize!
- Wasnt he funny!
- Help! Call the ambulance!
In other words, when the declarative, interrogative, and imperative
sentences are expressed with strong feelings (fear, anger, excitement, dread,
joy, delight, etc.) they can be called exclamatory.
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Style
Style refers to the way or manner an individual writer writes. Each writer
has his own style. Weisman defines Style is the way a person puts words
together into sentences, arranges sentences into paragraph, and groups of
paragraphs to make a piece of writing express his thoughts clearly, (1980, p: 25).
Nida and Taber define style, the patterning of choices made by a particular
author within the resource and limitation of the language and of the literary genre
he is working. It is his style which gives to a text its uniqueness and which relates
the text personally to its author (1969, p: 207).
A writer expresses his emotions, attitudes, and aesthetics through his
choice of lexical items and grammatical forms. The writer hopes that his
expressive words or sentences bring an effect to the readers and then the readers
get certain impression from them.
2.10.
About the Novel

Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows is the seventh book of Harry
Potters novel that is written by J. K. Rowling. The book was released on 21 July
2007, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter
and the Philosopher's Stone. It was published in the United Kingdom by
Bloomsbury Publishing, in the United States by Scholastic, in Canada by
Raincoast Books, and in Australia and New Zealand by Allen & Unwin.
Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows that is released globally in ninetythree countries broke sales records as the fastest-selling book. It sold 15 million
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copies in the first day following its release, including more than 11 million in the
U.S. and U.K. alone. The previous record, nine million in its first day, had been
held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The novel has also been
translated into numerous languages, including Ukrainian, Swedish, Polish, Hindi
and Indonesian.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1.
Type of Research
In this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method which is
defined by Soetrisno Hadi that in descriptive method, the researcher tries to

collect data, analyze data, and to draw conclusion without formulating a
hypothesis (1984, p: 3). In descriptive method, the researcher described the object
of the study without generalizing the result of the study.
Bell states some qualitative studies start without a hypothesis or
objectives being specified (1993, p: 19). Meanwhile, Cresswell states
qualitative research is descriptive in that the researcher is interested in process,
meaning and understanding gained through words or picture (1994, p: 145).
Qualitative method describes phenomena in words instead of numbers or
measures.
3.2.
Data and Source of Data

Arikunto states, Yang dimaksud dengan sumber data dalam penelitian
adalah subyek dari mana data diperoleh (1987, p: 162). Meanwhile, according to
Djajasudarma, The data can be obtained from scripts, interviews, photography,
videotapes, personal documents, etc (1993, p: 15). The source of data here
constitutes a subject from which all the data are obtained.
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The source of data of this research is J.K. Rowlings famous novel entitled
Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows and the raters. The novel itself was
published by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, London (2007) and its Indonesian
translation, Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian that was published by Penerbit PT
Gramedia Pustaka Utama (2008), whereas the raters are three people who have
both Indonesian and English competence, communicative competence, and
translation competence, who provide data in relation to the influence of the
technique of adjustment in its translation.
Furthermore, the data of this research are the exclamatory sentences that
experience technique of adjustment in terms of addition, subtraction and
alteration.
3.3.
Sample and Sampling Technique

According to Lexy Moleong, in qualitative inquiry, sampling is gathering
information as many as possible from various sources and construction (2002, p:

224). Sutopo explains that source of data in qualitative research do not represent
population but tend to represent the information (2006, p: 57).
The researcher employs a total sampling technique. Therefore she takes all
exclamatory sentences that experience technique of adjustment as reflected in the
novel Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows which are translated into Bahasa
Indonesia. Those sentences are taken as sample of this research. In addition, the
questionnaire which has been assessed by three raters to find the accuracy and
acceptability of the translation of the novel are included in the analysis.
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3.4.
Research Procedure
The research was conducted following the procedure below:
1. The first step taken by the researcher is to collect all dialogues which are
assumed as exclamatory-sentences in the novel of Harry Potter and The
Deathly Hallows, both from the original script of the novel and their
translation in Indonesia.
2. The data gathered are, then, sorted out to find those that are compatible with
the criteria established.
3. The researcher gives codes to each datum based on the series numbers, page
numbers, and from where the datum is selected.
4. The researcher analyzes the data obtained.
5. The results of the translation are then compared to their original message to
know the influence of technique of adjustment.
6. The researcher counts the frequency-distribution of the data based on their
classification.
7. Finally, the results of the analysis are used to draw conclusion to answer the
problems proposed.
3.5.
Technique of Collecting Data

The data of the research include exclamatory sentences which experience
technique of adjustment in terms of addition, subtraction and alteration. The data

are taken from a book entitled Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows written by
JK Rowling.
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The procedures of collecting data in this research are as follows:

1. The researcher reads the whole story of Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows and its translation, Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian.
2. The researcher is taking the data from the data source, namely, exclamatory
sentences and their translation in Indonesian.
3. The researcher identifies the exclamatory sentences that experience
adjustment in their translation, whether it is in terms of addition, subtraction or
alteration, based on the grammatical and structural characteristics.
4. The researcher makes data coding in order to make an easy classification of
data, as follows:
a. A datum with codes of 001/HPaTDH-031 means that it is the first datum
taken from the original book, Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows, on
page 31.
b. A datum with codes of 002/HPdRK-036 means that it is the first datum
taken from the translated book, Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian, on
page 36.
c. Additional data coding are also made to clarify such technique that has
been applied and its purpose, as follows:
Add
: Technique of adjustment in terms of addition.
Sub
: Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction.
Alt
: Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration.
Alt+Add : Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration and addition.

Alt+Sub : Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration and subtraction.
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Struc
: The purpose of using such technique in order to permit

adjustment of the form of the message to the requirements of
the structure of the receptor language.
Sem
: The purpose of using such technique in order to produce

semantically equivalent structure.
Sty
: The purpose of using such technique in order to provide

equivalent stylistic appropriateness.
Comm
: The purpose of using such technique in order to carry an

equivalent communication load.
5. The researcher uses two methods in collecting the data, namely, content
analysis and questionnaire. In the first method, content analysis, the researcher
collects the data from the source of data, i.e. exclamatory sentences that
experience technique of adjustment. In the second method, the researcher uses
a close and open-ended questionnaire. The raters, who have to complete the
questionnaire to rate the accuracy and acceptability of the translation, should
give mark or score of the accuracy and acceptability of the translation and then
they might give their comments related to the translation.
3.6.
Technique of Analyzing Data

After the data are collected by means of total sampling technique, the data
analysis is conducted in several steps, as follows:

1. The researcher collects the data and found the exclamatory sentences and their
translation. Next, the researcher gives codes to each datum which is collected.
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For example 001/HPaTDH-SL/031, means the first data from the source
language novel, Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows, on page 31.
2. After collects and gives code to each datum, the researcher classifies the types
of adjustment of exclamatory sentence translation into five types, which are
addition, subtraction, alteration, addition and alteration, and subtraction and
alteration. These classifications are based on grammatical or structural
characteristics. Furthermore, the researcher analyzes the purpose of using such
technique of adjustment and classifies them into four essential purposes which
are to permit adjustment of the form of the message to the requirements of the
structure of the receptor language, to produce semantically equivalent
structure, to provide equivalent stylistic appropriateness and to carry an
equivalent communication load.
3. The researcher arranges questionnaire containing the data from the source
language and its translation. Then, the researcher asks the raters to analyze the
influence of technique of adjustment applied by the translator in dealing with
the exclamatory sentences. The influences are in the form of quality of
assessment in translation namely accuracy and acceptability.
4. After analyzing the data, the researcher counts the percentage of the data on
each classification.
5. Finally, the researcher classifies the result of the data analysis to draw the
conclusion.
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CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1.
Introduction
This chapter describes the result of the data analysis which is expected to
answer the problem statements of the research. The data analysis is a significant
part because from the whole analysis, the conclusion of what had been researched
can be drawn. The conclusion constitutes the final results of the research. The
analysis is conducted by comparing the original clause in the Source Language
(English) and the result of translation in the Receptor Language (Indonesian).
The data are analyzed to describe the exclamatory sentence and its
changing both in grammatical and structure. Firstly, the researcher analyzes the
data in terms of the techniques of adjustment applied in translating the
exclamatory sentences. There are five kinds of techniques of adjustment employed
by the translator. Secondly, the researcher analyzes the purpose of using such
technique. There are four purposes that are proposed by Nida. Finally, the
researcher attempts to determine the translation quality as defined in two
components: accuracy and acceptability. The findings of the discussion will then
answer each problem statement posed for the research.
As mentioned earlier, this chapter attempts to answer the questions stated
in the problem statement as follows:
1. How are the exclamatory sentences in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows
translated into Indonesian in terms of technique of adjustments?
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2. What purposes that underlie the
translator
to do such adjustment?
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3. How are the accuracy and acceptability of the translations of exclamatorysentence that experience such adjustments in Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows novel?
Thus, in this chapter, the researcher analyzes 121 data forming
exclamatory sentences in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows novel in terms of
their techniques of adjustment, purposes of using such techniques and accuracy
and acceptability levels.
In assembling this research, the researcher attempts to make it
systematically in order to be read easily. Therefore, the classifications of each
problem statement are made. The classification of the technique of adjustments
includes such those defined by Nida as adjustment in terms of addition,
subtraction, alteration, the combination addition and alteration, and subtraction
and alteration. The purposes underlie the translator to do such adjustments are also
taken from Nidas idea which are permit adjustment of the form of the message to
the requirement of the structure of the receptor, produce semantically equivalent
structures, provide equivalent stylistic appropriateness and carry an equivalent
communication load.
The level of accuracy is divided into three: accurate, less accurate, and
inaccurate.
The translation is considered accurate when the message or the
content of the source text is fully transferred to the target text. In that case, there is
no need to rewrite it. The translation is considered less accurate when there are
some additions or deletion found, but it occasionally needs minor changes in order
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to accommodate the intended original meaning. Finally, it is inaccurate when the

message of the target text is totally different with that in the source text.
Similarly, the acceptability is also divided into three levels: acceptable,
less acceptable, and unacceptable. The translation is considered acceptable when
the translation is natural, and reads like an original work. The translation is
considered less acceptable when it sounds awkward. There are some less natural
expression and word choices. Eventually, the translation is considered unnatural
when there are unnatural uses of expression and words choices that lead to
misunderstanding on the part of the target readers. In other words, the language
use in the target text is expected to be acceptable for the target readers, making it
sound like an original work.
All data are coded in accordance with its classification. The codes are as
follows:
Add
Sub
Alt
Add+Alt : Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration.

Sub+Alt
: Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and

alteration.
Struc
: As the requirement of the structure of the RL.
Sem
: To produce semantically equivalence structure.
Sty
: To provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness.
Comm
: To carry an equivalent communication load.

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Accuracy
3: The message or the content of the source text is fully transferred to the
target text. The translation text is clear, and no rewriting is needed.
2: The message or the content of the source text is less accurately
transferred to the target text. The translation still makes sense, but
some rewriting and change in word order are needed.
1: The message or the content of the source text is not accurately
transferred to the target text. The message of the target text is totally
different with that in the source text.
Acceptability
3: The translation text is considered to be natural, nearly unlike a
translation work and no grammatical error.
2: The translation text sounds less natural, like a work of translation, and
there are unnatural expression and word choices.
1: The translation text sounds unnatural and there are unnatural use of
expression and word choice.
4.2.
Research Findings
4.2.1. Technique of Adjustment

There are 121 data that are found in this research. After comparing the
source text and their target text, the researcher finds out that there are 5 kinds of
technique of adjustment that are applied by the translator in translating
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exclamatory sentences in the novel. Table 1 below will show the classification and
percentage of each technique of adjustment.
Add
Sub
Alt
Add+Alt : Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration.

Sub+Alt
: Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and

alteration.
Table 4.1. Classification Based on Techniques of Adjustment

No
1
Class.
Add
Sub
Data Numbers
025, 094, 108, 046, 107, 013,
043, 044, 056, 063, 074, 097,
038, 048, 049, 050, 057, 062,
086, 113, 119
003, 030, 031, 034, 016, 020,
067, 068, 072, 093, 109, 111,
020, 027, 039, 053, 071, 081,
088, 090, 092, 100, 105
001, 007, 009, 010, 017, 036,
058, 064, 069, 077, 082, 085,
116, 120, 121, 004, 005, 008,
018, 019, 029, 033, 037, 040,
045, 052, 055, 060, 073, 075,
079, 080, 089, 096, 098, 101,
104, 112, 118, 012, 015, 022,
042, 047, 051, 059, 065, 070,
083, 083, 095, 099, 102, 117
014,
006,
066,
035,
114,
087,
054,
115,
011,
041,
076,
103,
024,
078,
Total
Percentage
24
19.8 %
26
21.5 %
62
51.2 %
Alt
Add+Alt
032, 061
1.7 %
Sub+Alt
002, 106, 027, 091, 023, 026, 110
5.8 %
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The tabulation above apparently demonstrates that the leading technique of

adjustment used by the translator is in terms of alteration which amounts 62 data
or 51.2% from 121 data found. Meanwhile, the second place is taken by the
technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction with 26 data or 21.5% of the data.
The third major technique of adjustment used is in terms of addition with 24 data
or 19.8% of them, followed by the technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction
and alteration with 7 data or 5.8% of 121 data and the last is in terms of addition
and alteration which amounts 2 data only or 1.7% from the whole data.
4.2.1. Add. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition

Many of the technique of adjustment in terms of additions are actually a
part of the process of structural alteration, so that one technique cannot be rigidly
isolated from one another. Minor changes taken are to adjust the form of the
source text according to the rules of the target languages. Nida states, It is
important to recognize that there has been no actual adding to the semantic content
of the message, for these additions consist essentially in making explicit what is
implicit in the source-language text (1964, p: 227).
Thus, the additions are aimed to build clear understanding for the target
reader without changing the content of the message. It appears only in the
structural alteration stage and simply changes the manner in which the information
is communicated.
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Example:
The trace! The trace! The charm that detects magical activity around underseventeens, the way the Ministry finds out about under-age magic!
(006/HPaTDH-045/Add /Comm)
Jejak! Jejak! Mantra yang mendeteksi aktivitas sihir yang dilakukan di sekitar
penyihir di bawah usia tujuh belas tahun, cara kementerian mengetahui tentang
sihir di bawah umur! (006/HPdRK-070/Add /Comm)
In the example above the addition of penyihir is needed to intensify the

meaning of under-seventeens. In the source language, the phrase underseventeens sounds natural and acceptable not to be added with the noun. While
the reverse happens in the target language, the phrase under-seventeens cannot
only be translated dibawah tujuh belas tahun. It will sound awkward and
unacceptable by the target reader. In rendering such sentence into Bahasa
Indonesia, the translator can add penyihir as its equivalence.
4.2.1. Sub.
Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction
In translating, the technique of adjustment in terms of subtractions are

applied not to lessen the original meanings but only to make them sounds natural
in the target text. Nida states, In the present treatment of subtractions only those
adjustments which involve certain structural losses, but which, however, are
advisable because of the grammatical or semantic patterns of the receptor
language are considered (1964, p: 231).
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Example:
Not to stay there, but to find out whats goin on! (039/HPaTDH-137/Sub/Sty)
Bukan untuk tinggal, tapi untuk mencari tahu apa yang terjadi! (039/HPdRK223/Sub/Sty)
The subtraction of there in the example above does not actually alter the
total content of the message. It also does not substantially lessen the information
carried by the communication. In fact, the subtraction above is practically to have
result in a closer equivalence and adequate in the target text.
Without translating the word there into di sana, the sentence
undergoes natural sense in the target text since the translator does not repeat the
reference that has been mention elsewhere in the text.
4.2.1. Alt.
Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration
Nida states, Alteration may, of course, be of all types, from the simplest
problems of correspondence in sounds to the most complicated adjustments in
idiomatic phrases (1964, p: 233). It must be subjected to a series of changes,
involving not only additions and subtractions, but also alterations, some of them
relatively radical. However, alterations can be treated under the following classes
which are sounds, categories, word classes, order of elements, clause and sentence
structures, semantic problems involving single words, and semantic problems
involving exocentric expressions.
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Example:
You sought to help Potter, to help him escape me! (015/HPaTDH-075/Alt/Sty)
Kau memilih membantu Potter, kau membantunya lolos dariku! (015/HPdRK118/Alt/Sty)
In the example above, the alteration happens in clause and sentence

structure where in the source text, the clause happens to be an infinitive phrase
while in the target text it is altered into a sentence with subject and verb. The
translation of the underlined phrase above is supposed to be untuk
membantunya; however, the result will sound unnatural and less acceptable in
the target text, to stress on the expression of anger by the speaker.
4.2.1. Add+Alt.
Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and

alteration
This kind of technique of adjustment appears to combine two such

techniques that happen in one sentence. The researcher finds out that some of
exclamatory sentence in the novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows
experienced the combination of two techniques of adjustments which are addition
and alteration. The example is as follow.
Example:
Oh, I love her, always read her! (032/HPaTDH-128/Add+Alt/Struc)
Oh,
aku
suka
dia,
aku
selalu
membaca
208/Add+Alt/Struc)
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Firstly, the translator makes an adjustment with respect to addition of

subject pronoun of first-single person which is aku. Such addition is to assert
Muriels statement. The addition is stressing more to what Muriel has stated and
to make clear expression.
Secondly, the translator makes an adjustment with respect to alteration of
object pronoun her which is translated into tulisannya, instead of dia. It
means that Muriel refers to Rita Skeeters, a journalist, who always writes
fascinating stories. The alteration happens in the word classs level since the
object pronoun her is altered into noun tulisan-nya.
4.2.1. Sub+Alt.
Technique of adjustment in term of subtraction and

alteration.
Similar to the previous one, this kind of technique of adjustment is also a

combination of two such adjustment techniques that join subtraction and
alteration. Both techniques are applied in translating one sentence and solving
problems occurred in grammatical and structural levels. The example is as follow.
Example:
Going to lob them over the walls they wont like this! (110/HPaTDH499/Sub+Alt/Sty)
Akan dilempar lewat tembok mereka tidak akan suka! (110/HPdRK817/Sub+Alt/Sty)
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In the example above, the translator makes an alteration in terms of

sentence structure. The active sentence going to lob them is translated into
passive sentence akan dilempar. Such alteration does not deviate the source
meaning since it only changes the position and makes the result in target language
sounds natural and acceptable.
Since all the examples are dialogues, the researcher finds out that some
sentences are not in a complete sentence. The example above is an active sentence
which, actually, requires subject pronoun before the verb going to lob. In this
case, the translator is doing an accurate piece of work to apply such adjustment
into passive sentence, which does not involve subject pronoun either.
Beside the alteration, the translator also subtracts the object pronoun
this. The complete translation of the sentence should be akan dilempar lewat
tembok-mereka tidak akan suka ini. In general, by looking at the context of the
sentence, the subtraction does not lessen the source meaning.
4.2.2. The purpose of technique of adjustment

After analyzing the whole data found in the novel and experience the
technique of adjustment, the researcher classifies the purposes of applying each
technique of adjustment. Table 2 below will show the classification and
percentage of each technique of adjustment.
Struc
As the requirement of the structure of the RL.
Sem
To produce semantically equivalence structure.
Sty
To provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness.

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Comm
To carry an equivalent communication load.
Table 4.2. Classification Based on Purposes of using Technique of Adjustment

No
Class.
Data Numbers
Add
1
Total
Percentage
3.3%
23
19%
65
53.7%
29
24%
025, 094, 108
Struc
Add+Alt 032
Add
046, 107
Sub
030, 031, 034
Alt
001, 002, 004, 007, 009, 013,

017, 024, 036, 045, 054, 058,
064, 077, 116, 120, 121
Sem
Sub+Alt 106
Add
Sub
Sty
Alt
014, 043, 044, 056, 057, 063,

074, 097
003, 016, 020,
053, 067, 068,
087, 088, 090,
109, 111, 114
005, 008, 010,
019, 029, 033,
052, 055, 060,
079, 080, 082,
098, 101, 103,
118
035, 039, 051,

071, 072, 081,
092, 093, 100,
011,
037,
069,
085,
104,
015,
040,
073,
089,
112,
018,
041,
075,
096,
115,
Add+Alt 061
Sub+Alt 023, 028, 091, 110
Comm
Add
006, 038, 048, 049, 050, 062,

066, 086, 113, 119
Sub
021, 027, 105
Alt
012, 022, 042, 047, 059, 065,

070, 076, 078, 083, 084, 095,
099,commit
102, 117
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Sub+Alt 026
Based on the tabulation above, it is apparent that the most dominant

purpose of using technique of adjustment is to provide equivalence stylistic
appropriateness which amounts to 53.7% or 65 data. Meanwhile, the purpose to
carry an equivalent communication load takes second place with 29 data or 24%.
The third major purpose with 24 data or 19.8% is taken by producing semantically
equivalence structure. The last purpose, as the requirement of the structure of the
RL takes the last place with 4 data or 3.3% of 121 data.
4.2.2. Struc/Add.
Technique of adjustment in terms of addition as

the requirement of the structure of the RL.
Example:
Mudblood and proud of it! (094/HPaTDH-395/Add/Struc)
Darah-lumpur, dan aku bangga menjadi Darah-lumpur! (094/HPdRK-646/Add
/Struc)
The example is taken from the conversation between Hermione, Ron,

Harry and a goblin named Griphook. The translator makes an addition in her
translation. The added information is Aku. Since Hermione states it clearly how
she feels proud of being a Mudblood, the sentence do not have a subject. In RL, a
subject of a statement sentence is obligatory, so the translator add Aku as the
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subject of the sentence because Hermione was the only person who states it. It can
be seen from the following sentences.
Dont call yourself Ron Muttered.
Why shouldnt I? said Hermione. Mudblood, and proud of it! Ive got
no higher position under this new order than you have, Griphook! It was
me they chose to torture, back at the Malfoys!
Jangan menyebut dirimu gumam Ron.
Kenapa tidak? kata Hermione. Darah-lumpur, dan aku bangga jadi
Darah-lumpur! Aku tidak mendapat posisi lebih tinggi daripada kalian di
bawah rezim baru ini, Griphook. Akulah yang mereka pilih untuk disiksa,
di rumah Malfoy tadi!
From the sentences above, it is obviously seen that Hermione states the
phrase for herself. To announce how proud she is being called as Mudblood in
front of Harry, Ron and Griphook. Therefore, the translator adds the word aku to
give a subject for the sentence proud of it! Furthermore, the addition does not
change the original meaning of the source language nor result in meaning
deviation.
There are 3 data that belong to this classification, namely:
025 094 108
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4.2.2. Struc/Add+Alt.
Technique of adjustment in terms of addition

and alteration as the requirement of the
structure of the RL.
Example:
Oh, I love her, always read her! (032/HPaTDH-128/Add+Alt/Struc)
Oh, aku suka dia, aku selalu membaca tulisannya! (032/HPdRK-208/Add+Alt
/Struc)
The sentence above is a quotation from a conversation between Muriel,

Harry and Doge. Muriel is talking about a journalist, named Skeeter, who has
wrote many things in a well-known newspaper. Below is the text that will give an
illustration of such situation:
Perhaps Doge suspected Harrys feelings, for he looked concerned and
hurried on, Harry, Rita Skeeter is a dreadful
But he was interrupted by a shrill cackle.
Rita Skeeter? Oh, I love her, always read her!
Harry and Doge looked up to see Auntie Muriel standing there, the plumes
dancing on her hat, a goblet of champagne in her hand. Shes written a
book about Dumbledore, you know!
Barangkali Doge mencurigai perasaan Harry, karena dia tampak cemas
dan buru-buru berkata, Harry, Rita Skeeter itu wartawan yang mengeri
Namun kata-katanya terputus oleh kekeh melengking nyaring.

Rita Skeeter? Oh, aku suka
dia, aku
selalu membaca tulisannya!
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Harry dan Doge mendongak dan melihat Bibi Muriel berdiri di sana, buahbuah prem menari-nari di topinya, piala sampanye di tangannya. Dia
menulis buku tentang Dumbledore, lho!
Firstly, the translator makes an addition in the form of subject aku or in
English it reads I. Secondly, the translator makes an alteration in terms of
sentence structure. Such adjustment is intended by the translator to fulfill the
requirement of the structure of the RL. The addition aku gives a subject in the
receptor language since it is to make more clear expression. Moreover, such
adjustment in terms of addition and alteration do not change nor deviate the source
text meaning.
There is only 1 datum of this classification, namely:
032
4.2.2. Sem/Add.
Technique of adjustment in terms of addition to

produce semantically equivalence structure.
Example:
He told us Potter might try to get inside Ravenclaw Tower, and to send for him if
we caught him! (107/HPaTDH-476/Add/Sem)
Dia memberitahu kami Potter mungkin akan mencoba masuk Menara
Ravenclaw, dan menyuruh kami memanggilnya kalau kami menangkapnya!
(107/HPdRK-779/Add/Sem)
The sentence above is a part of conversation between Amycus and Prof

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translated as mengirim untuknya, but this will look unacceptable in the RL seen
from the context of situation. Therefore, based on the situational context, the
translator adds kami to gain semantically equivalent since the real meaning of
send for him is menyuruh kami memanggilnya. The following text will
illustrate such situation.
Shes only Stunned, said Prof Mcgonagall impatiently, who had stooped
down to examine Alecto. Shell be perfectly all right.
No, she bludgering well wont! bellowed Amycus. Not after the Dark
Lord gets hold of her! Shes gorn and sent for him, I felt me Mark burn,
and he thinks weve got Potter!
Got Potter? said Prof Mcgonagall sharply. What do you mean, Got
Potter?
He told us Potter might try and get inside Ravenclaw Tower, and to send
for him if we caught him!
Dia cuma kena Mantra Bius, kata Prof Mcgonagall tak sabar, yang telah
membungkuk memeriksa Alecto. Dia akan baik-baik saja.
Tidak, dia jelas tidak akan baik-baik saja! raung Amycus. Tidak setelah
Pangeran Kegelapan menangkapnya! Dia telah memanggilnya, aku
merasakan Tanda-ku terbakar, dan dia mengira kami berhasil menangkap
Potter!
Menangkap Potter? kata Prof Mcgonagall tajam. Apa maksudmu,
Menangkap Potter?
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Ravenclaw,
dan
menyuruh
kami
memanggilnya
kalau
kami
menangkapnya!
Through the conversation above, it is clearly shown that the phrase send
for him meant to call for him or in RL menyuruh memanggilnya. Therefore,
the translator needs to add kami to produce semantically structures. Although the
addition does not influence the original meaning, it helps readers understand the
text more clearly. It does not, of course, change or deviate the source meaning.
There are 2 data which belong to this classification, namely:
046 107
4.2.2. Sem/Sub.
Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction to

Example:
We should go and congratulate them! (030/HPaTDH-122/Sub/Sem)
Kita harus memberi selamat kepada mereka! (030/HPdRK-199/Sub/Sem)
In the RL, the phrase go and congratulate is translated into memberi

selamat. The word go is subtracted to gain semantically equivalent. This is a
good decision since in the literal translation the phrase go and congratulate will
be pergi dan memberi selamat while in the RL it will sound unacceptable.
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The example is taken from the conversation between Ron, Hermione and
Harry. Hermione is suggesting them to congratulate Rons brother, Bill, for the
wedding. Such situation will be illustrated below.
We should go and congratulate them! said Hermione, standing on tiptoe
to see the place where Bill and Fleur had vanished amid a crowd of wellwishers.
Well have time later, shrugged Ron, snatching three Butterbeers from a
passing tray and handing one to Harry.
Kita harus memberi selamat kepada mereka! kata Hermione, berdiri
berjingkat untuk melihat Bill dan Fleur yang telah menghilang di tengah
kerumunan orang yang memberi selamat.
Kita masih punya waktu nanti, Ron mengangkat bahu, menyambar tiga
Butterbeer dari nampan yang lewat dan menyerahkan satu kepada Harry.
In that situation, Hermione intention is to go to congratulate the couple.
Therefore the translator omits the word go because it will deviate from the
source meaning if the literal translation is applied. Semantically, the phrase go
and congratulate is unacceptable in the RL culture. People usually state their
intention directly and this causes the word go is omitted.
Although the translator subtracts the word, the result is more to gain the
meaning equivalence.
030 031 034
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4.2.2. Sem/Alt.
Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration to

Example:
If youre read this, Harry, were all behind you! (064/HPaTDH-272/Alt/Sem)
Kalau kau membaca ini, Harry, kami semua mendukungmu! (064/HPdRK442/Alt/Sem)
The first sentence is said by the people who always support Harry Potter in
his battle against his enemy, Voldemort. Here, were all behind you is translated
into kami semua mendukungmu. This translation does not lessen the meaning.
The phrase were all behind you in the source text is intended to represent the
support and courage from the people who care about Harry Potter and his family.
This means that the alteration is made by the translator. In the text, the
information has already been included elsewhere in the sentence, so the translator
makes a further clear statement. The literal translation is kami semua
dibelakangmu which semantically means giving support and courage. The
situations below will illustrate more.
And all round these neatly lettered words scribbles had been added by
other witches and wizards who had come to see the place where the Boy
Who Lived had escaped. Some had merely signed their names in
Everlasting Ink; others had carved their initials into the wood, still others
had left messages. The most recent of these, shining brightly over sixteen
years worth of magical graffiti,
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Good luck, Harry, wherever you are. If you read this, Harry, were all
behind you! Long live Harry Potter.
Dan disekitar kata-kata yang tertulis rapi ini, tulisan-tulisan lain telah
ditambahkan oleh para penyihir yang datang untuk melihat tempat Anak
Laki-laki yang Bertahan Hidup telah berhasil lolos. Beberapa hanya
membubuhkan tanda tangan mereka dengan Tinta Abadi; yang lain
mengukir inisial mereka di kayu, dan yang lain lagi meninggalkan pesanpesan. Pesan-pesan yang paling baru, berkilau terang di atas graffiti sihir
selama enam belas tahun, semuanya mengatakan hal yang sama.
Semoga sukses, Harry, dimanapun kau berada. kalau kau membaca ini,
Harry, kami semua mendukungmu! Hidup Harry Potter.
At last, it can be concluded that the sentence word behind implies the
word mendukung, so that the receptor readers are not confused.
001 002 004 007 009 013 017 024 036
045 054 058 064 077 116 120 121
4.2.2. Sem/Sub+Alt.

and
alteration
to
produce
semantically
equivalence structure.
Example:
Shes gorn and sent for him, I felt my Mark burn, and he thinks weve got
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Potter! (106/HPaTDH-476/Sub+Alt/Sem)
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Dia telah memanggilnya, aku merasakan Tanda-ku terbakar, dan dia mengira
kami berhasil menangkap Potter! (106/HPdRK-779/Sub+Alt/Sem)
There are two adjustment applied by the translator for the example above.
They are subtraction and alteration. The word gorn is subtracted and the phrase
sent for him is altered into memanggilnya. This translation does not lessen the
meaning. The phrase gorn and sent for him', semantically, refers to summon
someone. Based on the situational context, it can be clearly seen that the real sense
of the subtraction and alteration phrase above is to summon.
Shes only Stunned, said Prof Mcgonagall impatiently, who had stooped
down to examine Alecto. Shell be perfectly all right.
No, she bludgering well wont! bellowed Amycus. Not after the Dark
Lord gets hold of her! Shes gorn and sent for him! I felt me Mark burn,
and he thinks weve got Potter!
Got Potter? said Prof Mcgonagall sharply. What do you mean, Got
Potter?
He told us Potter might try and get inside Ravenclaw Tower, and to send
for him if we caught him!
Dia cuma kena Mantra Bius, kata Prof Mcgonagall tak sabar, yang telah
membungkuk memeriksa Alecto. Dia akan baik-baik saja.
Tidak, dia jelas tidak akan baik-baik saja! raung Amycus. Tidak setelah
Pangeran Kegelapan menangkapnya! Dia telah memanggilnya! Aku
merasakan Tanda-ku terbakar, dan dia mengira kami berhasil menangkap
Potter!
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Menangkap Potter? kata Prof Mcgonagall tajam. Apa maksudmu,

Menangkap Potter?
Ravenclaw,
dan
menyuruh
kami
memanggilnya
kalau
kami
menangkapnya!
The situation above is a quotation from the conversation between
Amycus and Prof Mcgonagall. As a matter of fact, by looking at the context of the
sentence, the subtraction and alteration do not deviate the meaning. Because in
that situation, it is clear that Amycus wants to state that his sister has summoned
the Dark Lord.
There is only 1 datum that belongs to this classification, namely:
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4.2.2. Sty/Add. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition to provide

equivalence stylistic appropriateness.
Example:
All this snow! (063/HPaTDH-264/Add/Sty)
Wah, semua salju ini! (063/HPdRK-428/Add/Sty)
The word wah is added by the translator to express the feeling of surprise
experienced by Hermione. It is a good decision since in the source language such
feeling of surprise is not obviously felt. The following text will illustrate such
condition.
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All this snow! Hermione whispered beneath the Cloak. Why didnt we
think of snow? After all our precautions, well leave prints! Well just have
to get rid of them you go in front, Ill do it
Wah, semua salju ini! Hermione berbisik di bawah jubah. Kenapa kita
tidak memikirkan salju? Setelah semua tindakan pengamanan kita, kita
akan meninggalkan jejak! Kita harus menghapusnya---kau jalan duluan,
biar aku yang menghapus jejak---
The text shows that Hermione is astonished by her surrounding, finding
out that after all their precautions, she forgot about the snow. The addition of
wah in the RL will give an impact that Hermione feels surprise. The addition is
merely the translator style of writing, because it determines the flavor, and the feel
of the message in the receptor language. Therefore, the translation does not
deviate the source language meaning.
014 043 044 056 057 063 074 097
4.2.2. Sty/Sub. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction to provide

equivalence stylistic appropriateness.
Example:
You can! (068/HPaTDH-305/Sub/Sty)
Bisa! (068/HPdRK-498/Sub/Sty)
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The translator subtracts the word you in the translation. It belongs to the
translators style of writing; for the reason that either she translates it or not both
are acceptable. The subtraction does not really lessen the original meaning.
Neither the preceding nor the following sentences imply that clause, so the
translator decides to subtract it.
You can do it, said Harry, you can! Youve just got the sword, I know
its supposed to be you who uses it. Please, just get rid of it, Ron.
Kau bisa melakukannya! kata Harry, bisa! Kau baru saja mendapatkan
pedang itu, aku tahu itu berarti kaulah yang seharusnya menggunakannya.
Tolong, singkirkan Horcrux ini, Ron.
It is acceptable also if the translator adds the word kamu, but she does it
because the omitted word you has been included elsewhere in the text so she
does not make a repetition.
003 016 020 035 039 051 053 067 068 071 072
081 087 088 090 092 093 100 109 111 114
4.2.2. Sty/Alt.
Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration to

provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness.
Example:
But somebody betrayed us! (011/HPaTDH-065/Alt/Sty)
Tapi ada yang mengkhianati kita! (011/HPdRK-102/Alt/Sty)
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The translator applies technique of adjustment in terms of alteration in the

word somebody. In the literal translation somebody is supposed to be
seseorang, but here the real meaning is altered into ada.
Based on the
situational context, the alteration does not change the meaning basically. The word
somebody refers to a person or a human being existence while in the translation
it is acceptable also to use the word ada to represent the same meaning.
Kingsley turned his wand on Harry, but Lupin said, Its him, Ive
checked!
All right, all right! said Kingsley, stowing his wand back beneath his
cloak. But somebody betrayed us! They knew, they knew it was tonight!
So it seems, replied Lupin, but apparently they did not realize that there
would be seven Harrys.
Kingsley ganti mengarahkan tongkatnya ke Harry, tetapi Lupin berkata,
Itu dia. Aku sudah mengeceknya!
Baiklah, baiklah! kata Kingsley, menyimpan kembali tongkat sihirnya
ke balik jubahnya. Tapi ada yang mengkhianati kita! Mereka tahu,
mereka tahu kita bergerak malam ini.
Kelihatannya begitu, tanggap Lupin, Tapi tampaknya mereka tidak
menyadari akan ada tujuh Harry.
The translator chooses to translate somebody into ada though actually
she can translate the word into the original meaning. It is obviously a matter of the
translators style of writing. The alteration does not cause meaning deviation.
There are 31 data that belongs to this classification, namely:
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005 008 010 011 015 018 019 029 033 037 040
041 052 055 060 069 073 075 079 080 082 085
089 096 098 101 103 104 112 115 118
4.2.2. Sty/Add+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and

alteration
to
provide
equivalence
stylistic
appropriateness.
Example:
The Forbidden Forest, theyve faced plenty worse than the Forbidden Forest, big
deal! (061/HPaTDH-249/Add+Alt/Sty)
Hutan terlarang mereka telah menghadapi banyak hal lebih menyeramkan
daripada itu. Hutan terlarang sih kecil! (061/HPdRK-402/Add+Alt/Sty)
Here, the translator makes an addition hutan terlarang while actually,

such information belongs to previous sentence. Since the translator adds the
phrase hutan terlarang the second adjustment appears in the next sentence into
hutan terlarang sih kecil or in English the Forbidden Forest is fine. The big
deal itself is to express the feeling of relief experienced by Harry and Hermione.
Therefore, the translation does not deviate the meaning in the source text.
It is dealing to the translators style of writing, because either she adds
hutan terlarang or not both are acceptable. The addition and alteration do not
lessen the original meaning.
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061
4.2.2. Sty/Sub+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and

alteration
to
provide
equivalence
stylistic
appropriateness.
Example:
But then, thats the Weasleys boy! (091/HPaTDH-372/Sub+Alt/Sty)
Tapi, itukan si Weasley! (091/HPdRK-607/Sub+Alt/Sty)
The conversation above is a quotation from a conversation between

Lucious and his wife, Narcissa. They are arguing about Ron who is in disguise.
The following text will illustrate such situation.
What about the Mudblood, then? growled Greyback. Harry was nearly
thrown off his feet as the Snatchers forced the prisoners to swivel around
again so that the light fell on Hermione instead.
Wait, said Narcissa sharply. Yes yes, she was in Madam Malkins
with Potter! I saw her picture in the Prophet! Look, Draco, isnt it the
Granger girl?
I maybe yeah.
But then, thats the Weasley boy! shouted Lucius, striding round the
bound prisoners to face Ron. Its them, Potters friends Draco look at
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Yeah, said draco again, his back to the prisoners. It could be.
Bagaimana dengan si Darah-lumpur, kalau begitu? geram Greyback.
Harry nyaris terjungkal ketika Penjambret memaksa para tawanan berputar
lagi, supaya cahaya menyinari Hermione sekarang.
Tunggu, kata Narcissa tajam. Yaya, dia waktu itu ada di Madam
Malkins bersama Potter! Aku melihat fotonya di Prophet! Lihat, Draco,
bukankah itu si Granger?
Aku mungkin yeah.
Tapi, itu kan si Weasley! teriak Lucius, berjalan mengelilingi tawanan
yang terikat untuk menghadapi Ron. Itu mereka, teman-teman Potter
Draco, lihat dia, bukankah itu anak si Arthur Weasley, siapa namanya--?
Yeah, kata Draco lagi, memunggungi para tawanan. Bisa jadi.
In adjusting her translator, firstly the translator subtracts the word then
(RL kalau begitu). It belongs to the translators style of writing because either
she translates it or not, both are acceptable. Therefore, the subtraction does not
lessen or deviate the meaning.
Another adjustment made by the translator is in term of alteration. He
alters the phrase the Weasley boy into si Weasley. In general, the alteration
does not change the meaning essentially. That phrase refers to the same meaning.
It is obvious that the receptor readers are not confused since actually the words
the Weasley boy is intended to represent a kid of Weasleys family, so it shows
that the alteration belongs to the translators style of writing.
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023 028 091 110
4.2.2. Comm/Add. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition to carry

an equivalent communication load.
Example:
Yeah, maybe I will! (062/HPaTDH-253/Add/Comm)
Yeah, barangkali aku mau pulang! (062/HPdRK-409/Add/Comm)
The word pulang is added to the RL. This translation is already correct
and the addition does not add the meaning. It is acceptable also if the translator
does not add the word pulang, but she does it because the added word pulang
has been included elsewhere in the text, and the translator attempts to carry an
equivalence communication load, so she just make a repetition.
So why are you still here? Harry asked Ron.
Search me, said Ron.
Go home then, said Harry.
Yeah, maybe I will! shouted Ron, and he took several steps towards
Harry, who did not back away.
Jadi, kenapa kau masih disini? Harry menanyai Ron.
Aku sendiri tak tahu, kata Ron.
Pulang saja kalau begitu.
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Yeah, barangkali aku mau pulang! teriak Ron, dan dia maju beberapa
langkah mendekati Harry, yang tidak mundur.
In the SL, the word go home is just mentioned once, but the translator
repeats this word to intensify the meaning.
006 038 048 049 050 062 066 086 113 119
4.2.2. Comm/Sub. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction to

carry an equivalent communication load.
Example :
Ive never even heard of them! (027/HPaTDH-113/Sub/Comm)
Aku belum pernah dengar! (027/HPdRK-185/Sub/Com)
The subtracted information in the example above is them. It is natural

and acceptable in the SL to employ them though in fact, it is not obligatory since
the thing that Harry, Ron and Hermione are talking about is already clear.
And as for this book, said Hermione, The Tales of Beedle the Bard
Ive never even heard of them!
Youve never heard of The Tales of Beedle the Bard? said Ron
incredulously. Youre kidding, right?
Dan soal buku ini, kata Hermione, Kisah-kisah Beedle si Juru Cerita
aku belum pernah dengar!
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Kau belum pernah dengar Kisah-kisah Beedle si Juru Cerita? kata Ron
tidak percaya. Kau bercanda, ya?
It sounds familiar for the readers of the original text to say Ive never
even heard of them. But the information has a different form and is usually
distributed differently in the translation. So the subtraction does not lessen the
communication load nor deviate the source meaning.
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4.2.2. Comm/Alt.
Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration to carry

an equivalent communication load.
Example:
I knew you werent dead! (070/HPaTDH-310/Alt/Comm)
Aku tahu kalian tidak mati! (070/HPdRK-507/Alt/Comm)
The word you in the example above is translated into kalian. By

translating you into kalian the translator intends to get correct and clear
expression of the meaning of the source text. Moreover, this is more natural and
acceptable in the receptor text.
The situation showing that you refers to Harry and Hermione had
previously been introduced in the text since Ron actually talking not only to one
person but with the two of them. It can be seen from the following situation:
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Hermione, interjected Harry, who considered this a low blow, he just

saved my
I dont care! she screamed. I dont care what hes done! Weeks and
weeks, we could have been dead for all he knew
I knew you werent dead! bellowed Ron, drowning her voice for the first
time, and approaching as close as he could with the Shield Charm between
them.
Hermione, sela Harry, yang menganggap serangan terakhir itu
keterlaluan, dia baru saja menyelamatkan hi
Aku tak peduli! dia menjerit. Aku tak peduli apa yang telah
dilakukannya! Berminggu-minggu, kita bisa sudah mati dan dia tidak tahu
apa-apa
Aku tahu kalian tidak mati! teriak Ron, menenggelamkan suara
Hermione untuk pertama kalinya, dan maju sedekat dia bisa dengan
Mantra Pelindung di antara mereka.
From the text above, it is clear that what is meant by you is Harry and
Hermione. Therefore, the translator translates the word into kalian to carry an
equivalence communication load and this does not deviate the meaning of the
source text.
012 022 042 047 059 065 070 076
078 083 084 095 099 102 117
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4.2.2. Comm/Sub+Alt.

and
alteration
to
carry
an
equivalent
communication load.
Example:
It was there, it was right there on the wall of his office during all our talks last
year! (026/HPaTDH-113/Sub+Alt/Comm)
Pedang itu di sana, tergantung di dinding dalam kantornya selama semua
percakapan kami tahun lalu! (026/HPdRK-185/Sub+Alt/Comm)
The translator applies two adjustments in this translation. Firstly,

adjustment in terms of subtraction, the translator decides to subtract the object
pronoun it that refers to a sword. This subtraction does not change the original
meaning generally. Yet, such information in the text has already been included
elsewhere in the sentence, so it is not a predicament not to repeat it again.
Secondly, adjustment in terms of alteration is made by the translator to
alter the phrase right there on the wall. This alteration has no different meaning
at all since in the situation of context, both are acceptable.
And the sword, said Ron finally, when they had at last abandoned their
attempts to divine meaning in the Snitchs inscriptions. Why did he want
Harry to have the sword?
And why couldnt he just have told me? Harry said quietly. It was
there, it was right there on the wall of his office during all our talks last
year! If he wanted me to have it, why didnt he just give it to me then?
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Dan pedangnya, kata Ron akhirnya, ketika mereka meninggalkan usaha

mereka untuk menebak arti tulisan kata-kata pada Snitch. Kenapa dia
menghendaki Harry memiliki pedang itu?
Dan kenapa dia tidak bilang saja kepadaku? kata Harry pelan. Pedang
itu di sana, tergantung di dinding dalam kantornya selama semua
percakapan kami tahun lalu! Kalau dia menginginkan aku memilikinya,
kenapa dia tidak memberikannya saja kepadaku waktu itu?
From the situation above, it is clear that the pronoun It is subtracted by
the translator to avoid a repetition, and alters them into different form. At last, the
subtraction and alteration in this translation do not result in meaning deviation or
subtracting to the original communication load.
026
4.2.3. Accuracy and Acceptability

To gain the quality of translation in terms of accuracy and acceptability,
the researcher makes questioners that are given to three raters. The data are
classified into three degrees after analyzing on the relationship between the source
and target texts in accordance with the level descriptors. The tabulation of the
ratings from the raters is as follows:
a. Classification A: Accurate, includes the data with mean score 2.63.0.
b. Classification B: Less accurate, includes the data with mean score 1.62.5.
c. Classification C: Inaccurate, includes the data with mean score 1.01.5.
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Table 4.3. Accuracy Level of the Translation

No Classification
Number of Data
001, 005, 006, 007, 009,

013, 014, 016, 018, 019,
025, 026, 028, 029, 030,
036, 037, 038, 041, 043,
047, 048, 049, 050, 051,
059, 060, 064, 065, 066,
071, 072, 075, 076, 077,
080, 081, 082, 083, 084,
090, 093, 095, 096, 097,
100, 101, 102, 103, 104,
114, 116, 117, 119, 120
011,
020,
033,
044,
053,
067,
078,
085,
098,
108,
012,
021,
034,
046,
054,
069,
079,
087,
099,
109,
002, 003, 004,

023, 024, 027,
040, 042, 045,
058, 061, 062,
074, 086, 088,
105, 106, 107,
115, 118, 121
015,
035,
056,
070,
092,
112,
017,
039,
057,
073,
094,
113,
008,
031,
052,
063,
089,
110,
010,
032,
055,
068,
091,
111,
022
Total
Total Data
Percentage
75
62%
45
37.2%
0.8%
121
100%
Mean of all data = total scores: total data: total raters

= 943 : 121 : 3
= 2.6
a. Classification A: Acceptable, includes the data with mean score 2.63.0.

b. Classification B: Less acceptable, includes the data with mean score 1.62.5.
c. Classification C: Unacceptable, includes the data with mean score 1.01.5.
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Table 4.4. Acceptability Level of the Translation

No Classification
Number of Data
001, 002, 003, 004, 005,

008, 009, 010, 011, 012,
017, 019, 020, 021, 022,
025, 026, 027, 028, 029,
032, 033, 034, 035, 036,
039, 040, 041, 042, 043,
047, 048, 049, 050, 051,
054, 055, 056, 057, 059,
062, 063, 064, 065, 066,
069, 070, 071, 072, 073,
077, 078, 079, 080, 081,
084, 085, 086, 087, 088,
092, 095, 096, 098, 099,
102, 103, 104, 106, 107,
110, 111, 112, 113, 114,
117, 118, 119, 120, 121
006,
013,
023,
030,
037,
044,
052,
060,
067,
075,
082,
090,
100,
108,
115,
007,
014,
024,
031,
038,
045,
053,
061,
068,
076,
083,
091,
101,
109,
116,
Total Data
Percentage
110
91%
015, 016, 018, 046, 058, 074, 089,

093, 094, 097, 105
11
9%
000
0%
121
100%
Total
Mean of all data = total scores: total data: total raters

= 1026 : 121 : 3
= 2.8
An assessment of accuracy and acceptability are important to accomplish

since the result of this assessment will show the quality of the translation. In this
research, the researcher involved three raters to rate the accuracy and the
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acceptability of exclamatory sentences that experienced techniques of adjustment

by using an open-ended questionnaire.
Firstly, the raters determined the accuracy and acceptability of the
translation by giving score to the translation based on the mentioned description
and secondly, they were suggested to give their comments or suggestions related
to the accuracy and acceptability of the translation.
The questionnaire uses scale with the definitions as follows:
Table 4.5. Accuracy Scale
SCORE DESCRIPTION
The message or the content of the source text is fully transferred to

the target text. The translation is clear, and no rewriting is needed.
The message or the content of the source text is less accurately
transferred to the target text. The translation still makes sense, but
some rewriting and change in word order are needed.
The message or the content of the source text is not accurately
transferred to the target text. The message of the target text is

totally different with that in the source text.
Table 4.6. Acceptability Scale
SCORE DESCRIPTION
3
The translation is considered natural, nearly unlike a translation work

and no grammatical error.
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The translation sounds less natural, like a work of translation, and there
are unnatural expression and word choices.

The translation sounds unnatural and there are unnatural use of
1
expression and word choice.
The mean of each data shows the accuracy and acceptability level of the
translation. The total average of mean for all data is the result of accuracy and
acceptability level of the translation. As an addition, the researcher makes
statistical calculation to determine the mean of each datum by applying a formula.
When a statistical calculation of the accuracy and acceptability levels are finished,
the data of each level are classified into three groups.
The formula to calculate the levels of accuracy and acceptability is as
follow:
Data Number
Rater 1
Rater 2
Rater 3
Total
001
Score
Score
Score
Total Score
Mean
Total score
Total raters
002
Score
Score
Score
Total Score
Total score
Total raters
Furthermore, the data in each level, accuracy and acceptability level, are
classified into three groups based on the statistical calculation result.
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4.2.3. A. The Accuracy of the Translation

In this research, the researcher found the data that are accurately
transferred are 75 data (62%), less accurately translated into the target language
are 45 data (37.2%), and only 1 datum (0.8%) that is inaccurately translated.
The result is also supported by the comments from the raters about the
accuracy of exclamatory sentences in the novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows.
The accuracy of transferring message is an important part in translation.
Accuracy is one of the factors, which determine the quality of translation. It also
means that the meaning of the source text is transferred into target text correctly
and the translation can be understood by the target reader easily. Baker states,
Accuracy is no doubt an important aim in translation but it is also important to
bear in mind that the use of common target language patterns which are familiar to
the target reader plays an important role in keeping the communication channels
open. (1992, pg: 57).
Basically, accuracy is related to choose the correct words in order to reveal
the same idea in target language. Choosing the right word is very important
because if the translator is wrong to choose the word, the text will not be accurate.
Choosing the right word would consider some factors, such as, the target readers,
situational context, and socio-cultural condition. A translation is considered to be
accurate if it conveys the meaning of the source language to the target language
correctly.
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4.2.3. A.1. Classification A (Accurate; includes the data with mean score
2.63.0)
The data belong to classification are the data which have the mean
between 2.6 3.0. There are 75 data that belong to this classification. The
definitions of an accurate data in this classification are the message of the source
text is accurately transferred into the target text and the translation text is clear,
and no rewriting is needed. The following data are the examples:
Example 1:
Wow-were identical! (007/HPaTDH-049/Alt/Sem)
Wow-kita sama! (007/HPdRK-076/Alt/Sem)
The context of situation is as follows,

Moody, quite unconcerned, was now loosening the ties of the large sacks
he had brought with him: when he straightened up again, there were six
Harry Potters gasping and panting in front of him.
Fred and George turned to each other and said together, Wow-were
identical!
Moody, tampak tidak peduli, sekarang membuka ikatan kantong-kantong
besar yang dibawanya. Ketika dia menegakkan diri lagi, ada enam Harry
Potter megap-megap terengah dihadapannya.
Fred and George berpaling berhadapan dan berseru bersama-sama, Wowkita sama!
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From the situation of context, the message of the source text has already
been transferred well into the target text. The datum is classified into an accurate
translation as the three raters provide score 3. Although one of the rater assumes
that the word identical can be replaced by kembar in the target text due to the
similarity in appearance experienced by Fred and George, but in general the
message of the source text is accurately conveyed into the target text and no
rewriting is needed. All raters and the researcher have considered that the
translation is accurate since the message has been expressed appropriately into the
target text and the word choice kembar or sama does not emerge any significant
influence of the message in the receptor language.
Example 2:
You took your time! (001/HPaTDH-031/Alt/Sem)
Kau sengaja berlambat-lambat! (001/HPdRK-049/Alt/Sem)
The mean score of datum number 001 is 2.7. Thus, the datum belongs to
the classification which considers the mean score as accurate. Two raters give
score 3 and one rater gives 2. The two raters think that the message of the original
text is accurately transferred into the target text and there are no rewritings
needed. Furthermore, they notice that the translation is clear so that it is no need
to revise the translation in the target text.
The context of situation as follow,
Sixteen years of being addressed thus left Harry in no doubt whom his
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still gazing at the mirror fragment in which, for a split second, he had
thought he saw Dumbledores eye. It was not until his uncle bellowed
BOY! that Harry got slowly to his feet and headed for the bedroom door,
pausing to add the piece of broken mirror to the rucksack filled with things
he would be taking with him.
You took your time! roared Vernon Dursley when Harry appeared at the
top of the stairs. Get down here, I want a word!
Enam belas tahun biasa disapa seperti itu membuat Harry tak meragukan
siapa yang dipanggil pamannya. Meskipun demikian dia tidak segera
menjawab. Dia masih menatap pecahan cermin, yang di dalamnya tadi
selama sepersekian detik dia merasa melihat mata Dumbledore. Baru
setelah pamannya berteriak BOY! Harry pelan-pelan bangkit dan
menuju pintu kamar, hanya berhenti untuk memasukkan pecahan cermin
itu ke dalam ransel yang penuh dengan barang-barang yang akan
dibawanya.
Kau sengaja berlambat-lambat! raung Vernon Dursley ketika Harry
muncul di puncak tangga. Turun sini, aku mau bicara!
From the context of situation below, one of the raters assumes that the
sentence you took your time is not translated well in the target text. She feels
that it will be much better if the translator uses the sentence kau lama sekali
since from the context of situation, Vernon Dursley needs Harry to come as soon
as possible and he cannot wait for Harrys arrival. Hence she scores 2 for the
datum 001.
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On the other hand, the researcher finds the data is accurately translated into
the receptor language as from the context of situation, Harry does not immediately
respond to his uncles call. This gives reason to his uncles that Harry has the
intention to take his time. Therefore, the researcher believes that the datum
number 001 is accurate and no rewriting is needed.
4.2.3. Classification B (Less accurate, includes the data with mean score
1.62.5)
The data within this classification are the data which have the mean
between 1.6 2.5. 45 data belong to this classification which the source text is
less accurately transferred into the target text since there are some additions or
deletion found, but it occasionally needs minor changes in order to accommodate
the intended original meaning. There are several reasons why the raters do not
give the best score for the translation. The examples of this classification are as
follows:
Example 1:
Of course I ruddy well know how to drive! (003/HPaTDH-036/Sub/Sty)
Tentu saja aku bisa menyetir mobil! (003/HPdRK-057/Sub/Sty)
In datum 003, there are two raters score 2 and one rater score 3. One of the
rater considers that the translation is less accurate since the word ruddy is not
represented well in the target text. The context of situation is as follow:
I see you are packed and ready. Excellent! The plan, as Harry has told
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Dedalus,
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of his waistcoat and examining it. We shall be leaving before Harry does.
Due to the danger of using magic in your house Harry being still underage, it could provide the Ministry with an excuse to arrest him we shall
be driving, say ten mile or so, before Disapparating to the safe location we
have picked out for you. You know how to drive, I take it? he asked
Uncle Vernon politely.
You know how to-? Of course I ruddy well know how to drive!
spluttered Uncle Vernon.
Kulihat kalian sudah berkemas dan siap berangkat. Bagus sekali!
Rencananya, seperti yang telah disampaikan Harry kepada kalian,
sederhana saja, kata Dedalus, menarik keluar jam saku besar dari
rompinya dan mengamatinya. Kita berangkat sebelum Harry. Karena
berbahaya melakukan sihir di dalam rumah kalian-Harry masih di bawah
umur, nanti Kementerian jadi punya alasan untuk menangkapnya-kita akan
naik mobil, kira-kira lima belas kilo lah, sebelum ber-Disapparate ke
tempat yang telah kami pilihkan untuk kalian. Anda bisa menyetir mobil,
kukira? dia menanyai Paman Vernon dengan sopan.
Bisa me-? Tentu saja aku bisa menyetir mobil! ujar Paman Vernon.
From the context of situation above, Vernon Dursley spluttered Dedalus
with his question about Vernons ability to drive a car. The raters consider that the
message of the source text is not transferred well and less expressive. Ruddy well
know are not translated in the target text while its purpose is to explain Vernons
capability in driving a car is more than know but excellent. Larson states, When
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concepts are shared between the source and receptor languages, the important rule
for the translator is to find the most natural and accurate way to communicate the
same meaning in the receptor language as was intended by the author in the source
language. This may mean that a very different form will be used in order to make
sure correct meaning and natural expression. (1984, pg: 159). Therefore, the
raters suggest that the translation of the sentence as Tentu saja aku bisa menyetir
mobil dengan sangat baik.
Example 2:
An the last time you was on it, Harry, I could fit yeh in one hand! (008/HPaTDH051/Alt/Sty)
Dan terakhir kali kau naik motor ini, Harry, kau cuma sebesar satu tanganku ini!
(008/HPdRK-079/Alt/Sty)
The assessment from the raters giving scores in the questionnaire for this
datum places the translation into classification B as it results 2.0 for the mean
score of the translation. It means that the translation of the datum number 125 is
less accurately transferred to target text and some rewritings are needed in the
translation. The raters consider that the translation needs to be reconstructed
although the message of the source language does not deviate from the message of
the source language. The interesting part of this data is the three raters give
different score. One of them scores 3 and the other two score 1 and 2.
The rater giving score 2 considers that the sentence I could fit yeh in one
hand as an idiom; however it is translated literally and causes different in
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meaning. While the rater scored 1 believes that the translation above can be
transferred without using technique of adjustment in term of alteration and
suggest that if yeh in the sentence above referred to Harry, the possible alternative
expression which would convey the meaning in a corresponding expression is aku
bisa memuatmu dalam satu tangan.
Example 3:
Youve got to find out about them for yourself! (088/HPaTDH-351/Sub/Sty)
Kita harus mencari tahu sendiri! (088/HPdRK-573/Sub/Sty)
The assessment from the raters giving scores in the questionnaire for this
datum places the translation into classification B as it results 1.7 for the mean
score of the translation. According to the raters, the message of the source
language is not well conveyed into the target language. There are two raters score
2 and one rater scores 1.
In this datum, the translator applies technique of adjustment in terms of
subtraction where the phrase about them is not translated into target text. The
raters consider that the subtraction above does not convey the message. Yet,
according to them, the translation, especially in about them, does not need to be
omitted. The translation may create a misunderstanding to the target reader
because the message is rather unclear. Therefore the suggestion of the translation
is kita sendirilah yang harus mencari tahu tentang hal itu.
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4.2.3. Classification C (Inaccurate, includes the data with mean score 1.0
1.5)
The data which are included to this classification have the mean between
1.0-1.5. The reason that the data belong to this category the translator fails in
transferring the message from the source text into the target text. There is only 1
datum (0.8%) that belong to this classification.
Example:
It-it wasnt stealing! (022/HPaTDH-088/Alt/Comm)
Aku-aku tidak mencurinya! (022/HPdRK-141/Alt/Comm)
In datum number 022, one rater gives score 2 and two others give 1. The
raters consider that the translation is confusing that the message of the source text
cannot be transferred into the target text. Its meaning is not conveyed, even
deviates from the source text. The sentence of It-it wasnt stealing is an
exclamatory sentence that experiences technique of adjustment in terms of
alteration. The pronoun It which is referred to a thing is altered into pronoun Aku
which is in the target text obviously referred to a person.
One of the raters scores 1 considers that based on its context of situation,
the sentence will be much more accurate and understandable if pronoun it is not
altered into aku since the rater thinks that it cannot be referred into a person.
Below is the situation.
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Well, said Hermione, Ive been researching that.

How? asked Harry. I didnt think there were any books on Horcruxes in
the library?
There werent, said Hermione, who had turned pink. Dumbledore
removed them all, but he he didnt destroy them.
Ron sat up straight, wide-eyed.
How in the name of Merlins pants have you managed to get your hands
on those Horcruxes books?
It it wasnt stealing! said Hermione, looking from Harry to Ron with a
kind of desperation. They were still library books, even if Dumbledore
had taken them off the shelves. Anyway, if he really didnt want anyone to
get at them, Im sure he would have made it much harder to-
Dan kalau kita sudah berhasil mendapatkannya, bagaimana kau
menghancurkan Horcrux? Tanya Ron.
Yah, kata Hermione, aku sudah mencari tahu soal itu.
Bagaimana? Tanya Harry. Bukankah tak ada buku tentang Horcrux di
perpustakaan?
Memang tak ada, kata Hermione, yang wajahnya telah merona merah.
Dumbledore
telah
memindahkan
semuanya,
tapi
dia-dia
tidak
menghancurkannya.
Ron duduk tegak, matanya terbelalak.
Bagaimana demi celana Merlin kau berhasil mendapatkan buku-buku
Horcrux itu?
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Aku-aku tidak mencurinya! kata Hermione, bergantian memandang

harry dan Ron dengan tatapan putus asa. Buku-buku itu masih tetap buku
perpus, sekalipun Dumbledore sudah mengambilnya dari rak-raknya. Lagi
pula, kalau dia benar-benar tidak ingin ada yang membaca buku-buku itu,
aku yakin dia akan membuatnya lebih susah untuk-
On the other hand, the only rater who score 2 believes that the situation
above has a bit illustrate the reader that the reason of the alteration made is to
make the expression clear enough although seen from the translation accuracy
there is another way to translate the sentence into more accurate target language.
Larson states, When concepts are shared between the source and receptor
languages, the important rule for the translator is to find the most natural and
accurate way to communicate the same meaning in the receptor language as was
intended by the author in the source language. This may mean that a very different
form will be used in order to make sure correct meaning and natural expression.
(1984, p: 159).
The researcher considers that the message is inaccurately transferred to the
receptor language since in the translation result, it appears that Hermione is the
only person who steals the book, while in fact, based on the context of situation,
Hermione wants to clarify that the books are not being stolen by anyone. The
message is found totally different with in the source text. Therefore, the researcher
suggests its translation as buku-buku ini tidak dicuri.
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4.2.4. The Acceptability of the Translation

Looking back on table 4, there are 110 data (91%) are naturally translated,
11 data (9%) sounds less natural, like a work of translation, and there are
unnatural expression and word choices, and no data found (0%) is unnatural.
The researcher also discovers that the mean score for the whole data in the
acceptability of the translation is 2.8. It means that the message of the data,
namely, Exclamatory sentence experience technique of adjustment in Harry
Potter and The Deathly Hallows novel is naturally translated into the target text.
Acceptability only can be measured by the target language native speakers so as
Larsson states, The person who does the testing must also understand translation
principles and knows the receptor language as well. If she/he needs some
respondents, they must be also target language native speaker (1984: 472). Those
who are helping with the evaluation should be mother-tongue speakers of the
receptor language. (1984: 49). Base on those reasons, to make a translation
acceptable to the target reader, a translator must have more sensitivity to the
naturalness of the target language.
4.2.4. Classification A (Acceptable, includes the data with mean score 2.6
3.0)
The data included in this classification are those with mean score that
ranges from 2.6 to 3.0. On table 4, it is clear that there are 110 data or 91% of the
data belong to this classification. The definition of an acceptable datum in this
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classification is that the translated text sounds natural. It practically sounds unlike
a translation work and close in meaning equivalence.
Example:
Im on it, Harry, dont worry! (009/HPaTDH-54/Alt/Sem)
Kutangani, Harry, jangan kawatir! (009/HPdRK-84/Alt/Sem)
The translation is included into the acceptable category since all of the
raters give score 3. In datum number 9, the expression used in the sentence does
not seem like a work of translation, the translation sounds natural and it is close in
meaning equivalence. Larson states, He (the translator) will know he is
successful if the receptor language readers do not recognize his work as a
translation at all but simply as a text written in the receptor language for their
information and enjoyment. (1984, p: 23)
Based on the context of situation, the preposition of on in the source
language is related to something that is trying to be taken care. While apart from
the situation, the sentence looks indicating to a position standing to something.
Thus, the researcher agrees with the translation and does not provide a suggested
translation.
Example:
Ive never even heard of them! (027/HPaTDH-113/Sub/Comm)
Aku belum pernah dengar! (027/HPdRK-185/Sub/Comm)
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This datum belongs to classification A since its mean score is 2.7. Two
raters give score 3 and one rater gives 2. It means that the translation belongs to
the category of acceptable although there is still one rater providing score 2. The
translation needs to be revised in order to make it sound more natural. In this
datum the translator subtracts the object. The phrase of them is not translated in
the target text. However, this omission of subject does not hamper the
acceptability of the message. According to one rater, who gives score 2 for this
translation, the omission of the object pronoun makes the translation sound less
natural when the viewers read the translation. Yet, a revision needs to be done and
the rater suggests that it will be more appropriate if the translator puts the words
cerita itu as object in the target text to make it more acceptable in the structure of
the target language.
In contrast, the researcher believes that whether the translator puts the
words cerita itu or not, the translation result can still be considered to be an
acceptable translation and there is no need to have a grammatical reconstruction.
The translation is not difficult to understand since it is expressed naturally in the
receptor language. Thus, the researcher agrees with the translation and does not
provide a suggested translation.
4.2.4. Classification B (Less acceptable, includes the data with mean score
1.62.5)
This classification covers all data with mean score from 1.6 to 2.5. There
are 11 data that belong to this category. In this classification, the target text
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sounds like a translation. There are also some unnatural expressions and word
choices. Thus, there are some reasons why the raters do not give the best score for
the translation.
Example 1:
Im not being Rodent, no way, I told you I wanted to be Rapier!
(089/HPaTDH-359/Alt/Sty)
Siapa yang mau jadi Rodent, no way, sudah kubilang aku mau jadi Rapier!
(089/HPdRK-585/Alt/Sty)
The mean of datum number 89 is 2.3. One rater scores 3 while two others
give score 2. The raters giving score 2 consider the translation as less acceptable.
It sounds like a work of translation. There is an unnatural expression and word
choice. In the target language no way is not translated and remain the same, as a
result, the translation is less acceptable since actually it can be changed and
translated in order to create unlike the work of translation. Two raters who give
score 2 believe that the unfamiliar expression of no way will sounds better if the
translator uses correct word choices to replace it and yet the style is very
unnatural. It is not expressed in an interesting way. Thus the researcher suggests
the translation as Aku tidak mau jadi Rodent, tidak sama sekali, aku mau jadi
Rapier.
Example 2:
Its impossible to make good food out of nothing! (058/HPaTDH-241/Alt/Sem)
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Tak mungkin mengadakan makanan dari udara kosong! (058/HPdRK390/Alt/Sem)
The data number 58 is quite interesting since the three raters give different
score 1, 2 and 3. It means that the datum is less acceptable for the mean of data is
2. One of the rater points out the part of target text which makes it sound like a
translation work. There are unnatural expression and word choice when the
translator translates the words make good food and out of nothing into
mengadakan makanan dan udara kosong. According to the rater, the word choices
are unnatural. Thus, the translation is considered to be difficult to understand
since it is not expressed naturally in the target text.
The researcher has the same opinion with one of the rater that as a
translator, we should be able to present this meaning in a clear natural expression.
The phrase out of nothing becomes udara kosong sounds peculiar in the receptor
language. Therefore, the researcher provides the suggested translation as Tidak
mungkin memunculkan makanan begitu saja because for the receptor language,
mengadakan makanan dari udara kosong sounds a work of translation and less
natural.
4.3.
Discussion
There are 121 exclamatory sentences found in the novel of Harry Potter
and The Deathly Hallows. All the sentences mentioned have experienced such
technique which is technique of adjustment. The researcher has taken several
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observations through the exclamatory sentences and finds out that there are five
kinds of techniques of adjustment applied to translate them.
As had been mentioned before that the data used in this research are
exclamatory sentences, which types of sentences that are closely to declarative but
more forceful and are ended with an exclamation point. As Warriner states, An
exclamatory sentence is a complete sentence that expresses surprise, excitement,
or other strong emotion. The order of the sentence is generally invertedthe
subject and verb are placed near the end. An exclamatory sentence ends with an
exclamation point. (1958, p: 41) Therefore, after the researcher decides the data
and puts them into several types of techniques of adjustment, the research findings
need to be discussed as follows:
1.
Technique of adjustment
From the results of analysis, it can be concluded that there are five
techniques of adjustment used in translating exclamatory sentences in the novel

Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows, namely:
a. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition covers 24 data or 19.8%
b. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction covers 26 data or 21.5%
c. Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration covers 63 data or 52.1%
d. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration covers 2 data or
1.7%
e. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration covers 6 data or
4.9%
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It can be concluded that translation by using technique of adjustment in

terms of alteration had the biggest proportion in translating exclamatory
sentences. In other words, translating by technique of adjustment in terms of
alteration is the most frequently used in the exclamatory sentences found in the
novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows.
In order to create the most equivalent translation into the target text,
adjustment in terms of alteration is suitable to use in translating the exclamatory
sentences from the source language (English) into the target text (Indonesian). As
Nida states, Alteration may, of course, be all of types, from the simplest
problems of correspondence in sounds to the most complicated adjustments in
idiomatic phrases. However, in general, alterations can be treated under the
following classes: (a) sounds, (b) categories, (c) word classes, (d) order of
elements, (e) clause and sentence structure, (f) semantic problems involving single
words, and (g) semantic problems involving exocentric expressions. (1964, p:
233). The translation result as follow illustrate us that some of the data hold
idioms that need to be altered in order to be more acceptable and not less
expressive in the target text.
e.g.
ST
: I think her minds going, personally! (116/HPaTDH553/Alt/Sem)
TT
: Pendapat pribadiku, pikiran Bathilda terganggu! (116/HPdRK907/Alt/Sem)
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The forms of the ST and TT are different yet the meaning has been
conveyed well. The translator uses different expressions in the target text which is
pikiran Bathilda terganggu because it is related to the previous situation in which
the character wants to show that she is sure whether about Bathilda latest
condition since she is old enough. The expression is suitable to convey its
meaning into the target text. Based on the context of situation, the translator wants
to clear the idiomatic expressions her minds going into the closest meaning in the
target text to make it more acceptable into pikiran Bathilda terganggu.
e.g.
ST
: It was Ron, all Rons idea! (112/HPaTDH-500/Alt/Sty)
TT
: Ron nih hebat, semuanya ide Ron! (112/HPdRK-819/Alt/Sty)
In the second example, the alteration is more into the style of the translator
to choose the suitable expressions. It is to convey the message of how surprise
Hermione is about Rons idea in solving the Horcruxs thing. Instead of
translating the source text literally, the translator prefers to alter the phrase It was
Ron into Ron nih hebat, to deliver such expression using her own style of writing
into the target text. The word choices, which are the addition nih and the alteration
of hebat, apparently have equal expressive meaning to illustrate the feeling of
astonishment felt by Hermione.
The decision taken by the translator in rendering the ST into the TT has an
aim to provide the reader with an accurate and acceptable translation. Thus, some
considerations in applying such techniques of adjustment of translation and in
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considering the norms of translating
are employed.
2.
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The purpose of applying techniques of adjustment.

In creating a translation product, a translator is confronted into many
strategies that need to be applied and of course there are purposes behind them.
These strategies are used to encounter translation problems occur in the process of
translation itself. Nida states, Before considering the technique of adjustment, it
is important to indicate the essential purposes of these techniques. (1964, p: 226)
There are four essential purposes in the technique of adjustment. From the
research findings in the previous part, the classification is as follow:
a. Permit adjustment of the form of the message to the requirements of the
structure of the receptor language covers 4 data or 3.3%.
b. Produce semantically equivalent structures covers 23 data or 19%.
c. Provide equivalent stylistic appropriateness covers 65 data or 53.7%.
d. Carry an equivalent communication load covers 29 data or 24%.
As it has been showed above, the research findings in the purposes of
applying technique of adjustment proposed by Nida has put to provide equivalent
stylistic appropriateness as the major purpose with 65 data or 53.7%.
In creating a piece of writing, a writer expresses his emotions, attitudes,
and aesthetics through his choice of lexical items and grammatical forms. The
writer hopes that his expressive words or sentences bring an effect to the readers
and then the readers get certain impression from them.
The same thing goes for creating a translation. In translating a source text,
a translator might eager to get close with the source text or might wish for
synchronization between the source texts with that in the target text. Yet, he or she
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craves not to depend on the form of the source text but more to the message only.
Therefore, to accomplish a good translation, a translator will use his or her own
style to deliver the same message into target text to reach an equivalent and
stylistic expression found in the source text.
e.g.
ST
Harry and I are fine with it the way it is! (019/HPaTDH081/Alt/Sty)
TT
Harry dan aku oke-oke saja dengan keadaannya! (019/HPdRK019/129/Alt/Sty)
The example clearly shows the style of writing the translator has to gain
similar expressive meaning in the source text. The word fine has been translated
into oke-oke saja while actually in the target language the phrase is actually not in
the formal one. Instead of translating the word into baik-baik saja, the translator
inserts Indonesian reserved word oke.
3.
The Accuracy and Acceptability

In the table 3 and 4, the mean data have shown that the result of translation
in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows novel is accurate and acceptable with
the range of 2.6 for accuracy and 2.8 for acceptability. The decision taken by the
translator in rendering the ST into the TT has an aim to provide the audience with
an accurate and acceptable translation. Thus, some considerations in applying
technique of adjustments are employed.
e.g.
ST
Dumbledore was already dying when Snape finished him!

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(120/HPaTDH-593/Alt/Sem)
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TT
Dumbledore
memang
sudah
sekarat
ketika
Snape
menghabisinya! (122/HPdRK-976/Alt/Sem)
The example above is the datum that given score 3 from each of the raters.
From the whole sentence and based on the context of situation, the translator has
succeed to deliver the equivalent message in the source language into the target
one. The faithfulness of the source language text is still maintained in the target
language text. Thus, The raters give score 3 since the message or the content of
the source text is fully transferred to the target text. The translation is clear, and
no rewriting is needed. The researcher also finds that the applying of technique of
adjustment in term of alteration above is impressive.
e.g.
ST
Nice night for it! (111/HPaTDH-499/Sub/Sty)
TT
Malam yang menyenangkan! (111/HPdRK-818/Sub/Sty)
The datum above is considered acceptable in the target text although there
is a phrase that omitted by the translator. Therefore, the raters give score 3 for it
since the omitted phrase is no longer needed in the target text. Based on the
context of situation, the message of the omitted phrase has already included
somewhere in the text and therefore the translator avoid to do a repetition that will
create unnatural translation result. In conclusion, the translation text of the second
example is considered to be natural, nearly unlike a translation work and no
grammatical error.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1.
Conclusion
In this chapter, the researcher tries to conclude results of the research
based on the data analysis. The research purposes to illustrate the way of
translating the exclamatory-sentences in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows
into Indonesian in terms of adjustment made by the translator. In addition, the
researcher has also demonstrated the purposes behind applying such technique of
adjustments and its accuracy and acceptability.
After the data analysis has been completed, the researcher draws
conclusions on the basis of the problem statements and the data analysis. The
conclusions are as follows:
1. With regard to the technique of adjustment used by the translator, the
translations of exclamatory sentences in Harry Potter and The Deathly
Hallows have adjustments in terms of:
a. Addition, it amounts 24 data (19.8%).
b. Subtraction, it amounts 26 data (21.5%).
c. Alteration, it amounts 62 data (51.2%).
d. Addition and alteration, it amounts 2 data (1.7%).
e. Subtraction and alteration, it amounts 7 data (5.8%).
Adjustment in terms of alteration is the commonest technique used to
translate the exclamatory sentences in this novel. There are 62 data (51.2%)
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included to this technique of adjustment. In other words, this adjustment is the

most frequent technique applied by the translator compared to the other four
adjustments. Despite the technique of adjustments, the meanings in the source
text whatsoever are conveyed well. This is confirmed by the fact that the
reader finds the translation result is highly comprehended in terms of both the
accuracy and acceptability.
2. Based on the purposes of using technique of adjustments, there are four
essential purposes, namely:
a. The adjustment is to permit adjustment of the form of the message to the
requirements of the structure of the receptor language, it amounts 4 data
(3.3%).
b. The adjustment is to produce semantically equivalent structures, it
amounts 23 data (19%).
c. The adjustment is to provide equivalent stylistic appropriateness, it
amounts 65 data (53.7%).
d. The adjustment is to carry an equivalent communication load, it amounts
29 data (24%).
The essential purpose of technique of adjustment that frequently
appears is to provide equivalent stylistic appropriateness with 65 data (53.7%).
To deal with piece of writing such as translation, style of a writer is needed to
convey similar expression with that in the source language. Therefore, in this
novel the translator has her own style and applied it to deliver equal emotions,
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attitudes, and aesthetics in the target language so that the reader experiences
the exact fixations resembling to the source language.
3. Based on the rating to accuracy and acceptability dimensions of the target text
supplied by the three raters, the accuracy and acceptability levels are as
follows:
a. 75 data (62%) are considered accurate.
b. 45 data (37.2%) are considered less accurate.
c. 1 datum (0.8%) is considered inaccurate.
d. 110 data (91%) are considered acceptable.
e. 11 data (9%) are considered less acceptable.
f. 0 datum (0%) is considered unacceptable.
The mean score of the whole data in terms of accuracy level is 2.6. It
indicates that the message of the data containing exclamatory sentence that
experiences technique of adjustment in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallow
novel is considered accurate. The message or the content of the source text is
fully transferred to the target text. The translated text is clear, and no rewriting
is needed. The translators emphasis on accuracy is to retain the same meaning
in the translation which shows loyalty to the SL text.
In term of its acceptability, the researcher also finds that the mean
score for the whole data in the acceptability of the message transfer of the
translation is 2.8. It means that the message of the exclamatory sentences data
in The Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows novel is naturally translated
into the target text. It is nearly unlike a translation work, and there is no
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grammatical error. In other words, the message of the translation can be

understood. It can be said that the translation is an acceptable one since there
is almost no significant grammatical mistake exists, and it sounds natural.
The major aim of the translator in rendering the ST into the TT is to
provide the audience with an accurate and acceptable translation. In that end,
the translator should take technique of translation into consideration. To bear
in mind, accuracy will affect the acceptability of the translation in the source
language text. A good and proper choice of technique of translation will lead
to an accurate and acceptable translation.
5.2.
Suggestions
Based on the conclusions of the study above, the researcher suggests
several points to the translator and other researcher as follows:

1.
The translator
The translator should pay attention to the closest equivalence of the source
language since each country has its own language and culture. To avoid
misinterpretation and translation failure, the translator should be able to choose
and to apply the appropriate technique of translation in order to produce a quality
translation. The translator should be aware that there are differences of the source
and target language systems, either grammatically, semantically, or stylistically.
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2.
Other researcher
The application of the technique of adjustment in translation is interesting
to be examined since the usage of adjustment is very common in practices of

translating. Thus, a researcher can make further research related to the application
of the techniques of adjustment in translation.
Furthermore, the researcher also suggested that other researchers have to
be careful enough in choosing the respondents to fill the questionnaire. They
should choose the right respondents who understand and expert in the field of the
research that will be studied. So, the next researcher and the respondents could
have the same point of view in purpose to make the result of the research more
reliable.
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.

A Translation Analysis of Exclamatory Sentences

Approved to be examined before the Board of Examiners of English Department

Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, MA, Ph.D

The Head of S1 Non-Regular English Department

Drs. Budi Waskito, M. Pd.

A Translation Analysis of Exclamatory Sentences

Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners of English Department

Drs. Budi Waskito, M.Pd

Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA

Prof. Drs. MR. Nababan, M.Ed, MA, Ph.D

Ardianna Nuraeni, SS, M.Hum

Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Drs. Sudarno, M.A.

Pronounces truthfully that the thesis entitled A Translation Analysis of

Surakarta, January 2011

The competitor to be feared is one who never bothers about you at

If my mind can conceive it, and my heart can believe it,

I dedicate this thesis to:

Drs. Budi Waskito, M. Pd., The Head of S1 Non-Regular English

Lastly, and most importantly, I wish to thank my family, absolutely without

APPROVAL OF BOARD EXAMINERS .

Research Background ....................................................................

Problem Statement .........................................................................

Research Objectives ...............................................................

Research Limitation ...

Research Benefits ...

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Definition of Translation ...

Process of Translation ................................................................

Problems in Translation ............

Accuracy and Acceptability ...

Definition of Sentences ..........

Classification of Sentences .....

2.10. About the Novel ..

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Type of Research ...

Data and Source of Data .................................................

Sample and Sampling Technique ...

Research Procedure ...

Technique of Collecting Data ....

Technique of Analyzing Data

IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.2.1. Technique of Adjustment ...

Adjustment in terms of addition .

Adjustment in terms of subtraction .

Adjustment in terms of alteration ..

Adjustment in terms of addition and alteration .

Adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration...

4.2.2. The Purpose of the Technique of Adjustment

Addition as the Requirement of the Structure of the

Addition and Alteration as the Requirement of

Addition to produce Semantically Equivalence

Subtraction to produce Semantically Equivalence

Alteration to produce Semantically Equivalence

4.2.2. Sem/Sub+Alt Subtraction and Alteration to produce Semantically

Addition and Alteration to provide Equivalence

Subtraction and Alteration to provide Equivalence

Stylistic Appropriateness .......................................

Addition to carry an Equivalent Communication

Subtraction to carry an Equivalent Communication

Alteration to carry an Equivalent Communication

4.2.2.Comm/Sub+Alt Subtraction and Alteration to carry an Equivalent