OALEVELNOTES.COM SPM ADDITIONAL MATHEMATIC 3472 CHAPTER 9: DIFFERENTIATIONS ‘Topic 9 Ditferentiation 9.01 Definitions & Fist Principles Differentiation ‘9.011 Statement Definitions / Takrif pat] ‘When x increases by + dy Sx, y will increases by dy, [ax — small change of x e =x eM |5y—> small change of y yt dy axt ox \5—> DELTA ‘Tople » Dimerentia {9.01 Derinidons & Furst Principles Diterenti (Use the definition )f Pembezaan Prinslp Pefama J ‘9.012 rst Principles Ditferentation eg Find the first derivative of y= 2? from first principles. it anya Soltetion : ze y dee x’ ye! a (increases by dy]_3199] (ex imanen by Ge] yt dy=x +2dxex+(dx) 2} (2-0, (94+ dy)-y a(x? +25x02+(8x)')-? Oy=2dxex+ (dx) (+49) |Important Note ‘ imp es PW iya Be a BE ee a [The symbol of definition for differentiation| iy jax” Bx =2x+0 ie By pe = tim { $3) lds 1 By) ‘shortcut of symbol for differentiation| ®)_ ong a eg: Find the first derivative of y=3x +2 from first principles, Solution 2-0, + By)—y=(3x+30x+2)-(3042 yess 0 (y+ 8y)-9=( (3x42) : by =30x yt dy=3(xtdx)+2 (25x) ye dy=3x4 38x42. 2)OALEVELNOTES.COM eg3 Find the first derivative of y=. stom first principles. Solution av-| -ox a (a? +4(62) | el Gan) oy {1 ela) by_(_-1 Bar laa mt) 90 6x x oad Find the first derivative of y = 4 from first principles, x Sobitton 2 aT a Lien m2) = ( 2 ) 2 esol Bx) | x7 +a(0)+224(0)+1 | ytoy= 2) + 6x41 2. ) {23-, + 2x41. {2 gE w+6n-v( Sea) (oai] 2@4+D-26+dx+) a ee (x41) de+1) } (2x+2)—(2x+2(6x) oa exes) i +x(Sxjtxta+(dx) 1 | é -2(63) P| ae bx(Ox) + 2a+(Sx) 41 (5%) 2 x4 3( 8) aaaOALEVELNOTES.COM “Tople 9 Differentiation Dilferentiaion / Penbezaam Ruamns Asus | v9.02 4Fermulae OF Differentiation | Pembezaan 4 Ruma fi 9.021 Basle Formulae OF pax” eal Differentiate y =3x* with respect to x. Solution "eg. [memories] Differentiate y =3x with respect to x Solution year B gaye = Zo a 0 D assy Ba ixay! & » 34 eH, eg "e.g.3 {memories] Differentiate y =2 with respect tox. Differentiate y= x? with respect to x Solution: yas wy ot $ = 0x28 cas: wy o# Differentiate x° — 2x with respect to x. & Solution d <(2°-2x)=327 -22" ql?) =3x7-24 26 i eae i f@=a Differentiate y= with respect to. Solution: | Solution : * é ' Solution: BR = 1B | Sa) = 63x"! = 185° | #*@)=5x18x"7 = 90x" #y scope | =Sx1Bx "= 90x" | g(x) = 4x 90a"! = 3602 £2 differentiate the "brackets" (dx Ea ae B-12(2m)(x"+2) ¥ 249) Bota) # ree) sith-respect tox: x FFespands first before we differentiate itOALEVELNOTES.COM ba 2 e.g.4: Ditirentinteses_2 With respect tox iiitrerentiain i = n( 4 “+ wit pat. [The constants no need involved in deflerentiation ‘Topic 9 Differentiation 9.028 Product Rule ( Pembezaam Pendavaben) : [Can be avoided ) eg: eg2: Differentiate y= x" (2x-+1)' with respect tox. | Differentiate y= 'x(x" -1)' with respect tox. Sobution: Solution: ae y=2x(x'-1)) ® 972-1) 43(2-1)' B a(x? 1)’ +3(x? AY (2x) 28 Baax(ae41)+4(aesi) (2) ce APY PI) 0} zn : ; 9/21) +12x*(8 1) MORAY +80 (2x1) a phx nition 2 Bae ay [le a)+6: Baas(axe1) [2xet-eay] te TG 6] | . -9(x8-1) (78°-1)4 r= 2x(2e 41) (6x1) eseg3 Differentiate y = x(x+1)’ with respect to x Solution yox(x+l)) yax(x?+2x41) OALEVELNOTES.COM ‘Topic 9 Dtferentiation 9.024 Quotient Rule (Pembezaan Pembahagian ): egl Tifrenfinteyr = wrthiremenbtace el Solution: _ x el _ 2{x+1)-1]2x) ~ (x+if 2x+2-2x (x41) 2 (ay “ # BS BS BS eg2 e Difforentate y= 5*— with respect tox Solution: ) ror dy _2x(2x-1)-2(x") dy (2x-1F7 4x4 25-29OALEVELNOTES.COM ‘Tople 9 Differentiation 9.08 Usages OF Differentiations [ Approximation | f hamplr Sama Dengan | = The formulae can usedin sections : Appraximate value, small changes, and percentages of small changes. a ox de sy & 6x|—> first formula 2 42x(dx)+(Sx)° (2)-{}, Sy = 2x(5x)+ (6x) (+8) oe #54] a 2x+(dx) oye Fe “Tope 9 Diterentiation 9:08 Usages Of Differentations [Approximation] amp Sama Dengan J 9.091 Approximate Value eg Find the approximate value of 26 by using the calculus method. Solution ; a a byx Bx ax Lety= ve y=v35 a et yes Syne oe , We wil sya! dx 2 me x1 ao 1 ? 2S ae 1 ak 2 bye axl Zh oe =l 77365) whenx=25, dx= dyad ‘The approximate value for 26 =ytdy =5+01 =S1H (The value of -/26 in the calculator is 5.09901954OALEVELNOTES.COM The value of 3,9° in the calculator is 15.21 eg? Find the approximate value of 3.9” by using the calculus method. Solution ' 1 = | 3 nis | 88 Box ! dys 2xx-0.1 4-913.) | dy x 2(4)x-0.1 ' dye 8x-0.1 ; byx 08 ; ‘The approximate value for 3.9° 1 sy+tay ; =16+(-0.8) {215.28 ‘Topic 9 Differentiation 9.03 Usages OF Differentiations { Approximation | f hamplr Sama Dengan | '¥ 9.091 Small Changes | approximated | egl Find the small changes in an area of circle when the radius increases from 2 om to 2.1 om by using the caleulus method. Solution (Compare with the calculus method Caloulus Method: 2 a = 22a a whens = 2,dr=0.1 a Oh aor Increases InL oL=2arx0.1 Ale Ae 6L=2n(2)x0.1 als SL=04An#OALEVELNOTES.COM €.8:2 (Inverse Concepts Ifk =2(9+4°), find the small change of h when the k increases from 26 to 26,3 where h > 0. Solution: ae = k=20+m) She Tok Agee Relsae? baa x03 t8+ 2h" = 26 Fath = 2h =8 h when k a 5h 0.0375# “Tople 9 Dilferentiation ‘9.08 Usages Of Differentiations[ Approximation | { hamplr Sama Dengan | 9.035 Percentages OF Small Changes (spose | eat “Ge te (9+ I?), if increases by P% when x= 5, find the percentages of small change for y. Percentages Of Small Change For y \ 100% 100 IT 5, SPH (35) exe Given that k =12—4x + 5x’, if.x increases by P% when x=: , find the percentages of small change for y Solution y=12-4(6)+5(6)" Percentages Of Small Change For y y=12—4x+5x" [29 ro0e6 ¥ ty 5, y & — astox area 7 & er =ayhaawors By =(—4+10(6)}x| — ene 6,50= P 5 6P|9=C4-1060)-() eae 100° ~ 100 ~(22)( Berson 6P 100 )”is8) aym(s6){ 52) 100 336 pa, “168 =2p#OALEVELNOTES.COM opie 9 Ditrerentiation ¥ 9.034 Rates Of Change 9.08 Usages OF Differentiatons [ Approximation | f hamplr Sama Dengan | (@_ Rates Of Increases te at (#) The meaning Of Rates de ‘SG; ~3.em’s or 3 cms means that xis inereases by 3 cm per seconds. ** (it) Chain Rules: |” = di de dt Given that y=3x+2 and y= v" +1, find the rates of change of x when.y is changing at the rate of 0.5 unit/s at v= 3. eg. Solution: va3e42 ® os unis 1 a vera] Svbstintes Hi dik y=(re2) 41 dtode dt y= (9x 12044) +1 os-(te( 4] 12) ya9x41dxt5 2 Borger 05-18 alg a 36 9.038 Curves, Tangents, and Normal set Ix 2 = gradient of the tangent <> gradient of the curve <> gradient fimction Noemal éy. n (22) coin time cd = gradient of tmgent at pointOALEVELNOTES.COM Tople 9 Ditrerentiation 9.08 Usages OF Ditferentiatons "5 ¥ 9.036 Stationary Points, Turning Polnts, Maximum Polnts, Mintiam Peints And Polnt Of Tflexion @_Stationary Points ia (2) forstationary pointe: | (6) for stationary points: °° 4 (All Maximom Point |i) All-Minimam Point) (ii) Some Of the point of inflexion je eo lds ds (i)_Points Of Inflexion [ Point at the middle of "S" ] @) Point atthe middle of alphabet "S” (2) Have 2 types of point of inflexion. “Gii)_Tuming Point [ Must changes the direction] ves (2) 2 ypes of tuming pois. inchade In Tuming Pi Maximum Point Minimum Point MhOALEVELNOTES.COM Gv) The Condition Of Maximum Points, ee: Find the stationary point for the curve y =2x—x" and determine the charactersties Solution x when.e=1y=2(1)-(1)° stationary point = (1,1) 2<0 ‘The stationary point (1,1) is a maxintum point. *@)_The Condition Of Minimum Points a Find the stationary point for the curve y = when x=3,y=(3)' —6(3) stationary point = (3,-9) 2 oY & The stationary point (3,-9) is a minimum point *Qvi)_ The Condition Of Point Of Inflexion ee: Find the point of inflexion for y= Solution 40 £.(0,1) is the point of inflexion, #OALEVELNOTES.COM Wo dy ze ey ae ee hen x= —1, 42-0 6(-1)m-6<0 when v= = 6(1)=6>0 TS) *(i)_ Maxima & Minima Problem (0) FOC Fagg OF Vays 0) UEFes then () Ith, then