- Hai t in gi l mc song song nu chng c chung im u v chung im cui

- Hai t in g l ni tip nu im u ca t ny l im cui ca t kia.

tuy nhin, ty vo tng mch in, bn phi tp t duy mch, v li mch, dn dn s nhn ra ci

T iN

thc ai cng bit T th thng c dng lc cc xung nhn trong in Ac . Vy ai c th cho m

t lc ngi ta dng l t c cc tnh hay cn gi l t ha.t ny c 1 bn cc m v 1 bn cc d
nhng xung thay i bin s ng vi qua trnh np x ca t.
Do in khng ca t in l mt gi tr ph thuc tn s. Khi tn s cngn cao th in khng ca
T in vi dng 1 chiu v xoay chiu
* T in khng cho dng in 1 chiu i qua t
Vi in p mt chiu th t hon ton cch in v p mt chiu c tn s F = 0 Hz m Dung khng ca t li
* T in c cho in p xoay chiu i qua khng, v i qua nh th no ?

*in p xoay chiu li i qua c t l

Thc ra khng c in t (e ) no i qua hai bn t c, t dn in xoay chiu l v tnh cht phng np ca t

http://bka.vn/forum/threads/tu-dien.873/

T in c s dng rt nhiu trong k thut in v in t, trong cc thit b in t, t in l mt linh kin

- Cho in p xoay chiu i qua v ngn in p mt chiu li, do t c s dng truyn tn hiu gia c
- Loc in p xoay chiu sau khi c chnh lu ( loi b pha m ) thnh in p mt chiu bng phng .
Vi in AC ( xoay chiu ) th t dn in cn vi in DC( mt chiu ) th t li tr thnh t lc

t giy v t gm (tr s nh) thng lp trong cc mch cao tn cn t ho (tr s ln) thng lp trong cc m
Di y l mt s nhng hnh nh minh ho v ng dng ca t in.

T ho trong mch lc ngun.

Trong mch lc ngun nh hnh trn , t ho c tc dng lc cho in p mt chiu sau khi chnh lu c
* T in trong mch dao ng a hi to xung vung.

Mch dao ng a hi s dng 2 Transistor

Bn c th lp mch trn vi cc thng s cho trn s .

Hai n bo sng s dng n Led du song song vi cc CE ca hai Transistor, ch u ng chiu m d

Ngoi ra t n cn c ng dng nhiu trong thc t.

dn dn s nhn ra ci no song song hay ni tip vi ci no thi.

c . Vy ai c th cho mnh bit r hn l v sao dng t th n lc c cc xung . Nguyn tc lc ca t nh th no ?

c m v 1 bn cc dng.khi in p cc dng ca t dng hn in p bn cc m th t bt u np.v khi in p

cao th in khng ca t cng nh. Li dng tnh cht ngi ta dng t in lc ngun. Vi in p khng i (f=0)

Dung khng ca t li ph thuc vo tn s theo cng thc Zc = 1/ ( 2 x 3,14 x F x C ) khi tn s F = 0 Hz th dung khng Zc = v cng, d

h cht phng np ca t in. khi in p bn ngoi ln hn in p gia hai bn cc th t np in v ngc lai khi in p bn ngoi nh

, t in l mt linh kin khng th thiu c, mi mch in t u c mt cng dng nht nh nh truyn dn tn hiu , lc nhiu, lc

truyn tn hiu gia cc tng khuych i c chnh lch v in p mt chiu.

t chiu bng phng . l nguyn l ca cc t lc ngun .

thng lp trong cc mch m tn hoc lc ngun in c tn s thp

u khi chnh lu c bng phng cung cp cho ti tiu th, ta thy nu khng c t th p DC sau i t l in p nhp nh, khi c t

u ng chiu m dng.

c lc ca t nh th no ?
bt u np.v khi in p cc + nh hn cc - t s x in nu c ni t trong 1 vng kn.

Vi in p khng i (f=0) th in khng ca t l v cng ln do vy ko h g. Vi in p AC th in khng ca t gim

th dung khng Zc = v cng, do t khng dn in mt chiu .

c lai khi in p bn ngoi nh hn th t phng in , in p xoay chiu lin tc i chiu do t cng lin tc phng np v tr thnh

n dn tn hiu , lc nhiu, lc in ngun, to dao ng ..vv...

t l in p nhp nh, khi c t in p ny c lc tng i phng, t in cng ln th in p DC ny cng phng.

C th in khng ca t gim i, nh vy n c tc dng nh mt thit b chn lc tn s cc tn s cao th cho i qua nhi

lin tc phng np v tr thnh dn in

cng phng.

n s cao th cho i qua nhiu (i xung GND) cn tn s nh th gi li

T giy, T gm, T mica. (T khng phn cc )

Lc nhiu

T ho ( T c phn cc )

Cc loi t ny khng phn bit

t 0,47 F tr xung, cc t ny
in c tn s cao hoc mch lc

t c phn cc m dng , t ho
tr t 0,47F n khong 4.700
trong cc mch c tn s thp(l
ho lun lun c hnh tr..

Do in khng ca t in l mt gi tr ph thuc tn s. Khi tn s cng cao

th in khng Zc(m) ca t cng nh =>d cng d i qua. Li dng tnh
cht ngi ta dng t in lc ngun. Vi in p khng i (f=0) th
in khng ca t l v cng ln do vy ko h g. Vi in p AC th in
khng ca t gim i, nh vy n c tc dng nh mt thit b chn lc tn s
cc tn s cao th cho i qua nhiu (i xung GND) cn tn s nh th gi li
Chn ga tr t lc C=1/(Mm.W.R.Kmra)

t lc c tn s f=1/(2.pi.X.C)

I) Mch chnh lu bn k :
1). in p trung bnh khi khng c t lc(in p m ta c c t
VOM):
Vav=0.45Vm
(Vm in p ngun hay in p th cp ca bin p)
2) in p trung bnh khi c t lc:
Vav= 1.414Vm
3) Thng s chn Diode chnh lu:
Dng trung bnh qua Diode:
Id=Iav=Vav/RL
p ngc cc i t trn Diode:
Vd=Vm
II) Mch chnh lu ton k:
1) Vav khi khng c t lc:
Vav=0.9Vm
2) Vav khi c t lc:
Vav=1.414Vm
3) Thng s chn Diode chnh lu:
Dng trung bnh qua Diode:
Id=Iav/2=Vav/(2RL)
p ngc t trn Diode :
Vd=2Vm

Mm=2 do mch chnh lu cu 4

Km=0,1
W=2pi.f=2pi.50=100pi

III) Chn t lc
:
C=I.T/(Vpp)
(F)
C: Gi tr ca t (F)
I: dng in (A)
T :chu k
T=1/f
; f:tn s (Hz), vi in p trong nh th f=50Hz
Vpp: nhp nh nh-nh, thng ta chn n bng 1 thi

T th thng c dng lc cc xun

y khng phn bit m dng v thng c in dung nh

xung, cc t ny thng c s dng trong cc mch
cao hoc mch lc nhiu.

c m dng , t ho c tr s ln hn v gi
n khong 4.700 F , t ho thng c s dng
ch c tn s thp(lc nhiu) hoc dng lc ngun, t
n c hnh tr..

t dn in xoay chiu l v tnh cht ph

T in cho in p xoay chiu i qua v in p xoay chiu c tn s > 0 do

cng, khi t dn in nh mt in tr (nhng t khng tiu th cng xut
xoay chiu cng cao hoc in dung t cng ln th Zc (dung khng) cng nh
dng.

mch chnh lu cu 4 diot

.50=100pi

tn s
trng thi
tr t C
F=0
khng qua
nh nht
F=1
qua
ln hn
F=2
qua nhiu hn ln hn na
F cng cao hoc C cng ln: cng d qua
F=0

F1

C0 nh nht

C1 ln hn

Khng qua

104=100000 PF=0.1 ufara =100 nF

Q=2*pi*f*U^2*C=0.314*U^2*C ,
KVAR
U: in p t ln cc ca t
in, KV
C: in dung ca t in , mF

Cng thc tnh dung lng t l

: C =10^6/2*pi*f*X
Trong X : in khng ca
t(ohm)
Xc = 1/C = 1/2fC

khi ta lm b ngun chuyn i t 12vAC ->12vDC 5A, th cch la chn t in

nh th no ? ( vd : sau ci cu diot 5A th l con t 2200uF tng ng vi ngun
12v. 10000uF tng ng vi ngun 35 - 40v ) c cng thc no m ta c th xc
nh c gi tr con t ny khng ? c phi l 1mv tng ng vi bao nhiu uF ?
Chn t lc :
C=I.T/(Vpp) (F)
C:L Gi tr ca t (F)
I: L dng in (A)
T :L chu k T=1/f ; f:tn s (Hz), vi in p ang s dng th f=50Hz
Vpp: L nhp nh nh-nh, thng ta chn n bng (1).

thng c dng lc cc xung nhn trong in Ac

in xoay chiu l v tnh cht phng np ca t in.

nu mch kn

p xoay chiu c tn s > 0 do dung khng ca t < v

ng t khng tiu th cng xut nh in tr ). tn s in
n th Zc (dung khng) cng nh v in p i qua t cng d

tr khng
Zc ln nht
Zc nh hn
Zc n hn na

F1
Qua
C1 ln hn

hc tnh dung lng t l

0^6/2*pi*f*X
X : in khng ca
m)
1/C = 1/2fC

dng in 1 chiu sau chnh lu c gn m cun cm c kh nng chng li s tng hoc gim c
Dng in sau cu chnh lu (dng diode) gm 2 thnh phn:
1/ phn DC
2/ phn gn sng cn st li ca thnh phn AC.

i vi thnh phn DC, cun dy (cun cm) ch l thun tr c gi tr khng ng k, do thn

- i vi thnh phn gn sng (AC) cun dy c cm khng (XL= 2pi*F*L) m to ra mt
t sau 78 (trc ti) l kh nhiu do ti gy ra, v d mch ca bn c Servo , khi ng - n
Cn "khi no dng" v thng s th phi tnh ton c th mi ra kt lun c.

Nu nhp nh vy th dng t lc c th c chc nng lc ca cun dy khng ?Nu kh nh

Mnh vn cha hiu tc dng lc ca t & cun cm khc nhau th no. t th mnh cn bit lc

- Choke (e ch ni n choke lc ngun, khng ni n choke ti): li dng tr khng ln khi c mt dng i
- OPT: li dng hiu ng Cm ng in t bin i tn hiu xoay chiu p cao/dng thp sang tn hiu p

Nh e ni trn, cc OPT c trch nhim bin i tn hiu xoay chiu, ch khng phi lc/ngn cn nh c

-Th nht: theo nguyn tc n nh, an ton, mch k v mch ng lc lun phi tch ri (c
- Th 2: 7805 c th ko cng sut ko ci ng c, bn nn tra datasheet ca n so sn
- Th 3: ng c c th ko cn n p vn chy tt (nn chn ngun cp ph hp vi ng c, kh
Nu b ngun 12VDC ca mnh chia lm 2 nhnh song song:

+ Mt nhnh mnh ni qua 7805 cp cho VDK.

+ Mt nhnh mnh cp qua board cng sut ri cp cho ng c. Nu vy th ch c ng c l c t

Nhim v ch yu ca cun dy l lc cc gn nhiu cao tn

Bn trong cc ngun lun c con t 0.1uF (104) mc song song vi ngun. Con y mi lc n
T th cn tn s thp, cho tn s cao i qua. Nh vy nu xut hin nhiu tn s cao th ngay lp
Cun cm th ngc li. Cho tn s thp i qua, cn tn s cao. (ci ny n dng)
Ci t y l ghp tng. N cho tn hiu i qua. V cn dng in 1 chiu, N c tc dng ngn
Vy nu mun xt chiu ca ci r th ta xt n dng 1 chiu. Bn no c p 1 chiu ln hn th
Nu mc ngc li th lu ngy s cht t. Tt nhin l phi rt lu v in p chnh lch gia 2 b

http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/dien-tu-danh-cho-nguoi-moi-bat-dau-85/cuo

nu in p c t ngt ln cao trong thi gian ngn cng ko nh hng n cu diode nh cc

cun cm chn li

ng li s tng hoc gim ca dng in nn lm cho n bng phng hn

khng ng k, do thnh phn DC qua cun dy d dng.

F*L) m to ra mt tr khng (tnh bng Ohm) ngn chn thnh phn gn sng sng ny. Kt qu l sau cun dy
n c Servo , khi ng - ngt servo th cun dy trong ng c phng/np in lm in p ca ti "nhp nh", cun L c

dy khng ?Nu kh nhp nh c tn s thp th c. i khi bc cng thy t lc b song song vi t nh y bc, n
o. t th mnh cn bit lc tn s thp c t hng chc uF, trm uF hay ngn uF, lc gn tn s cao th c t hng
khng ln khi c mt dng in xoay chiu "cn" cc thnh phn nhiu, nhp nh trn phn ngun DC

ao/dng thp sang tn hiu p thp/dng cao ph hp vi ti; ngoi ra cn c chc nng cch ly ngun cao p vi ti.

khng phi lc/ngn cn nh choke ngun v do hon ton khng c chc nng lc ngun nh bc ni. Thc t nu trn ng B+

ng lc lun phi tch ri (c cch ly v in), v th ko nn dng chung ngun nu nh ngun ko phi l ngun n p v v
datasheet ca n so snh vi cng sut ti.
p ph hp vi ng c, khng nn u thm phn n p vo gia, rt tn km, d chy nu ko tnh ton cn thn)

vy th ch c ng c l c thay i dng t ngt (khi iu xung).Vy cun dy ch t nhnh ng vo ca board c

i ngun. Con y mi lc nhiu tn s cao.

hiu tn s cao th ngay lp tc n qua t >>GND.
y n dng)
chiu, N c tc dng ngn ko cho dng phn cc tnh(dng DC) trong mch i ra v lm die ci my pht (my nghe nh
o c p 1 chiu ln hn th mc vi + ca t.
in p chnh lch gia 2 bn cc t rt b.

uoi-moi-bat-dau-85/cuon-day-o-ngo-ra-mach-ap-dung-de-lam-gi-38824/index2.html

g n cu diode nh cc

y. Kt qu l sau cun dy ta c thnh phn DC phng!

ca ti "nhp nh", cun L c tc dng nh vy.

g song vi t nh y bc, nhng va c t va c cun dy th hiu qu lc cao hn

n s cao th c t hng pF, nF. Vy th cun dy lc lc tt im no.?

ao p vi ti.

i. Thc t nu trn ng B+ xut hin nhiu/ripple... th ti cng s xut hin theo ng t l ca bin p ch khng mt i.

ko phi l ngun n p v v cng ln so vi ti

o tnh ton cn thn)

hnh ng vo ca board cng sut ch u cn cp ng ra ca 7805, phi khng mi ngi ?

ci my pht (my nghe nhc, VCD, DVD....)

n p ch khng mt i.

dng in xoay chiu sau khi c nn dng bng diode li c gi tr in p nhn vi cn 2

diot ch yu l to dng mt chiu t dng xoay chiu do tnh cht ca lp chuyn tip p-n, n ch cho dng in chy qua

Diot l dng c dng trong nn dng. N c chc nng ch cho dng in i theo 1 chiu nht nh.
Nh vy n c th bin dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in 1 chiu. Thng thng, ngi ta t hp nhiu diot li thnh mc

Diode Zener c cu to tng t Diode, Diode Zener c ng dng trong ch phn cc ngc,
khi phn cc thun Diode zener nh diode thng nhng khi phn cc ngc Diode zener s gim mt mc in

BJT bo ho =>c 2 mu ni EB v CB u phn cc thun

BJT ngng dn =>c 2 mu ni EB v CB u phn cc nghch

a) Mch khuych i ch A
L cc mch khuych i cn ly ra tn hiu hon ton ging vi tn
hiu ng vo.
Phi nh thin sao cho in p UCE~ 60% 70% Vcc.

b) Mach khuych i ch B.
Mch khuych i ch B l mch ch khuych i mt na chu k ca
kca
tn hiu
tn hiu
mach khuych i ch B khng c nh thin.

c) Mch khuych i ch AB
L mch tng t khuych i ch B , nhng c nh thin sao cho in p U

d) Mch khuych i ch C
L mch khuych i c in p UBE c phn cc ngc
Ly tn hiu u ra l mt phn nh ca tn hiu u vo

quy nh ch

ton k,
bn k
hay mt phn

mc theo kiu no k in p,d hay cng sut

ng pha hay ngc pha

Xc nh theo :
Ib = Ic / beta (1)
v : Rb = ( Vin - Vbe )/Ib.
trong :
Ib : dng phn cc chn B

Ic : dng ti chn C : Ic = (Vnguon - V

Vcsat : n p Vce khi BJT dn bo h
Rc : in tr ti chn C
beta : h s khuych i dng ca BJT,
Vbe : ngng in p Vbe ~0.7V
Th d : Ic = 100mA; beta = 100~500;

1) Transistor mc theo kiu E chung.

C cc E u trc tip xung mass hoc u qua t xung mass thot thnh phn xoay
Tn hiu a vo cc B v ly ra trn cc C
c nh thin sao cho in p UCE khong 60% 70 % Vcc
Bin tn hiu ra thu c ln hn bin tn hiu vo nhiu ln, nh vy mch khuyc
Tn hiu u ra ngc pha vi tn hiu u vo

kca tn hiu

o in p UBE sp s 0,6 V

2) Transistor mc theo kiu C chung.

Tn hiu a vo cc B v ly ra trn cc E
V mi BE lun lun c gi tr khong 0,6V do khi in p chn B tng bao nhiu th
hiu ra bng bin tn hiu vo .
Tn hiu ra cng pha vi tn hiu vo
Cng ca tn hiu ra ICE= .IBE

c nh thin
khng c nh thin
hay mt phn

k in p,d hay cng sut

ng pha hay ngc pha

3) Transistor mc theo kiu B chung.

Tn hiu a vo chn E v ly ra trn chn C , chn B c thot mass thng qua t.

in p UCE~ 60% 70% Vcc

UBE sp s 0,6 V

hn C : Ic = (Vnguon - Vcesat)/ Rc
p Vce khi BJT dn bo ha ~0.3V
i chn C
huych i dng ca BJT, thng thng ly gi tr thp nht theo data sheet
in p Vbe ~0.7V
100mA; beta = 100~500; Vin = 10V th Rb #10K.

thot thnh phn xoay chiu

n, nh vy mch khuych i v in p

l ch A,ton k.

hn B tng bao nhiu th p chn C cng tng by nhiu => v vy bin tn

t mass thng qua t.

 mch lm vic trong vng khuch i, mc p trn chn B phi cao hn chn E khong 0.6V (mi ni BE phi cho phn cc thun)
v mc p chn C cao hn mc p chn B (mi ni CB phi cho phn cc nghch), thng mc p trn chn C ly khong 1/2 mc p ca

Mc in tr thnh cu phn p c c mt in p theo mun t mt in p cho tr

T ngun 12V trn thng qua cu phn p R1 v R2 ta ly ra in
p U1, p U1 ph thuc vo gi tr hai in tr R1 v R2.theo cng
thc .
U1 / U = R1 / (R1 + R2) => U1 = U.R1(R1 + R2)

Trong vng bo ha
in p vCB < -0.4 V
Thng chnh p vBE = 0.7V vCE bo ha = 0.1V n 0.3V

Mc p trn chn B thng cao hn chn E khong 0.6V ( l do tnh ghim p ca cc m

Mc p trn chn B nn ly thp m rng phm vi lm vic cho mc p ca chn C (n
1.5V).
Do tn hiu cho ly ra trn chn C, m tn hiu chnh l s bin i ca mc volt trn chn
Vi cc transistor lm vic vi tn hiu nh Ic ly trong khong t 300uA n 1.2mA

R3 ly tn hiu trn chn E v tn hiu ny to tc dng hi tip nghch, nn lm gim

Vi R3, li ca mch gim nn tn hiu ra t b mo hn

T C3 (220pF) dng ly tn hiu tn s cao c trn chn C hi tip nghch v chn B, tc d

mch vng tn s cao, n thu hp dy tn lm vic ca mch. Nu tr ca t C3 ly cn
b thu hp nhiu hn. Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng t ny gi cho mch khng t
s cao.

Trn chn E thng c in tr nh mc dng lm vic cho transistor v n cng cn dn

Trn chn C c in tr nh mc p phn cc cho chn C (gi l in tr ly p) v n cn
Trn chn B c in tr cp p phn cc cho chn B, n dng dn dng IB chy v ngu

gii hn dy bin tn lm vic ca mch khuch i (ch gii hn cho lm vic trong v
tn), ngi ta dng t hi tip nghch, cho ly tn hiu tn cao trn chn C tr v chn B, n
tip trn chn CB c tr thng rt nh.( C nh)

h ghim p ca cc mi ni BE).
c p ca chn C (nn ly di

a mc volt trn chn C.

0uA n 1.2mA

ch, nn lm gim li(khuch i) ca mch, ng thi lm tng tr khng ng vo.

hch v chn B, tc dng ny s lm gim li ca

tr ca t C3 ly cng ln ( C ) dy tn lm vic cng
i cho mch khng t pht sinh dao ng vng tn

v n cng cn dng ly tn hiu hi tip nghch sa mo (khi ngang in tr khng gn t l

tr ly p) v n cng dng ly tn hiu ra trn chn C. Tn hiu ny qua t lin lc ng ra
dng IB chy v ngun (dng IB rt nh nn cc in tr trn chn B thng c tr ln). Trn chn B

cho lm vic trong vng m

n C tr v chn B, nn t hi

n tr khng gn t lc ha hc).
lin lc ng ra n ti hay vo cc tng khuch i tip theo.
tr ln). Trn chn B c t lin lc dng ly tn hiu t ngun a vo mch khuch i.

Kiu khuch i dng cu chia volt vi R1-R2 cp p phn cc cho chn B, nn n nh

R2 l in tr ly p. Tr R2 khng nn chn qu nh v n gy tn hao tn hiu ng vo.

in tr R4 c cng dng nh dng. N nh mc dng chy vo chn E ca transistor.

Dng lm vic ca transistor nn ly trong khong t 300uA n 1.2mA.
Ngang R4 mc t lc ha C3, n lm mt tn hiu trn R4 b tc dng hi tip nghch g
R4. in tr R5 dng ly tn hiu hi tip nghch, n c tc dng sa mo v tng tr khn
vo.

T C1 lm t lin lc ng vo v t C2 lm t lin lc ng ra. Tr s ca cc t lin lc c

n bin tn hiu vng tn s thp. Cc t ny khng nn ly tr qu nh v s lm m
vng tn thp. Cng khng nn chn qu ln, v dng r ca cc t ha ln s lm mch m
nh.
Thng mc t ha vo chn E ca cc tng tin khuch i,
lm vy l b tc dng hi tip nghch vi tn hiu trn chn E.

Cch ly phn cc DC

Kho st ng cong bin tn thy vai tr ca cc t in nh hng n d

chng ta dng t C4 (120pF) l ly tn hiu trn chn C tr v chn B, l

n B, nn n nh cao hn kiu 1

o tn hiu ng vo.

n E ca transistor.
mA.
ng hi tip nghch gy ra do
mo v tng tr khng ng

a cc t lin lc c nh hng
qu nh v s lm mt tn hiu
a ln s lm mch mt n

n nh hng n dy tn lm vic ca mch.

tr v chn B, l to tc dng hi tip nghch, vi tr ca t nh, n ch c tc dng hi tip n

 tc dng hi tip nghch vng tn cao, khng nh hng n tn hiu m thanh, iu ny s lm

hanh, iu ny s lm nn bin cc tn hiu vng tn cao

Kiu 3: Kiu mch khuch i dng 2 transistor cng loi lin lc thng.
*
*
*
*

n nh nhit rt tt.
H s khuch i cao, cho php dng ng hi tip nghch xu.
p ng bin tn tt.
Tr khng ng vo ln, nn t gy nng ti ln ngun tn hiu.

Chn B c cp dng phn cc qua R5 (56K)

Trn chn E c in tr nh dng R4
Ngang R4 mc t lc ln C4 (220uF) b tc dng hi tip nghch AC trn
chn E nhm tng cao li.
Ngi ta dng t hi tip nghch AC C5 (5.6pF) nn bin tn hiu vng tn cao, gi cho
mch khng b t kch vng tn cao.

Khi cp dng lm vic cho cc transistor, Bn ch : Dng lm vic Ic ly nh th li k

chy pht ra, ln. Vi cc tng transistor lm vic vi tn hiu bin nh, dng lm vic th

Kho st mch vi ngun tn hiu sin

Ghi nhn: Kiu mch khuch i ny c li rt ln (trn vi trm ln), do khi tng bi
ng ra b mo (b vung ha), nguyn do l tn hiu ly ra trn chn C chnh l s tng
khng th vt qu mc ngun (v lc ny transistor vng ngng dn, mt tnh khu
xung th khng th xung thp hn mc volt trn chn B (v lc transistor vng b

Nhn Bn: C nhiu lc Bn cn c mt tn hiu c dng xung vung, Bn c th dng m

n s cho Bn mt tn hiu dng xung vung ng ra. Ngi ta ni mch khuch i "v

Kho st mch qua phn tch ng cong bin tn (Lc cha c t hi tip nghch tr

Kho st mch qua phn tch ng cong bin tn (Lc c t hi tip nghch trn ch

Mt trong cc cch nn bin tn hiu vng tn s cao hiu qu nht l dng t nh mc tr

Kiu mch khuch i dng 2 transistor khc loi lin lc thng.

y l kiu khuch i dng 2 transistor khc loi, mt npn v mt pnp cho ghp thng.
c tc dng hi tip nghch rt mch nn cho li nh, nhng b li tn hiu t b mo, d

R5 l in tr nh dng cho Q2. Ngang R5 mc t lc C3 kh tc dng hi tip nghch

ng tn cao, gi cho

Khi cp dng lm vic cho cc transistor, Bn ch : Dng lm vic

c ly nh th li km nhng t n v ngc li dng lm vic Ic ly ln th li ln nhng ting n

, dng lm vic thng ly trn di 1mA l hp l.

n), do khi tng bin tn hiu ng vo ln 50mV, th tn hiu

n C chnh l s tng gim ca mc volt, khi mc volt tng ln th
g dn, mt tnh khuch i) v khi mc volt trn chn C gim
ransistor vng bo ha, mt tnh khuch i).

Bn c th dng mch khuch i c li ln v cho tn hiu dng sin bin ln vo,

ch khuch i "vung ha" tn hiu.

t hi tip nghch trn chn CB ca Q2).

i tip nghch trn chn CB ca Q2)

dng t nh mc trn chn CB ca cc transistor to hi tip nghch.

np cho ghp thng. c im ca mch khuch i ny l mch

tn hiu t b mo, d cho bin tn hiu vo ln.

dng hi tip nghch tng li

ch : Dng lm vic Ic ly nh th li km nhng t n v ngc li dng lm vic Ic ly ln th

i ln nhng ting n, do dng

vic Ic ly ln th li ln nhng ting n, do dng chy pht ra, ln. Vi cc tng transistor lm v

tng transistor lm vic vi tn hiu bin nh, dng lm vic thng ly trn di 1mA l hp l.

i 1mA l hp l.

u im ca mch khuch i vi sai l c kh nng khng nhiu cng sai rt mnh.

Cch ly phn cc DC cho mch khuch i vi sai.

Kho st mch khuch i vi sai vi ngun tn hiu sin, c tn s chun l 1KHz.

g sai rt mnh.

c im ca kiu mch khuch i vi sai l mch ch khuch i c

sai pha a vo 2 ng vo, vi cc tn hiu vo cng pha, mc vo
trn 2 chn C cng cng pha (cng ln hay cng xung) nn khng
in cp cho ti, ngoi ra vi mch bm dng hng (rp vi Q3), tr
trn chn E chung ca Q1, Q2 rt ln, n to tc dng hi tip ngh
mnh, cng lm tng kh nng khng nhiu tt hn.

* R4, R6 l cc in tr cp phn cc cho chn B ca Q1, Q2, hai i

thng ly tr bng nhau
* R1, R2 l cc in tr nh p chn C v cng l in tr dng
hiu ra trn chn C.
* D1 l diode zener dng n ghim p v R3 l in tr nh dng l
cho D1.
* R5 l in tr dng nh mc dng hng cp cho Q1, Q2.
* C1, C2, C3 l cc t lin lc.

s chun l 1KHz.

ch ch khuch i cc tn hiu
o cng pha, mc volt bin i
ng xung) nn khng to dng
hng (rp vi Q3), tr khng
c dng hi tip nghch rt
t hn.
B ca Q1, Q2, hai in tr ny
l in tr dng ly tn
in tr nh dng lm vic

cho Q1, Q2.