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Điện Tử Tương Tự
T iN
http://bka.vn/forum/threads/tu-dien.873/
- Cho in p xoay chiu i qua v ngn in p mt chiu li, do t c s dng truyn tn hiu gia c
- Loc in p xoay chiu sau khi c chnh lu ( loi b pha m ) thnh in p mt chiu bng phng .
Vi in AC ( xoay chiu ) th t dn in cn vi in DC( mt chiu ) th t li tr thnh t lc
t giy v t gm (tr s nh) thng lp trong cc mch cao tn cn t ho (tr s ln) thng lp trong cc m
Di y l mt s nhng hnh nh minh ho v ng dng ca t in.
cao th in khng ca t cng nh. Li dng tnh cht ngi ta dng t in lc ngun. Vi in p khng i (f=0)
Dung khng ca t li ph thuc vo tn s theo cng thc Zc = 1/ ( 2 x 3,14 x F x C ) khi tn s F = 0 Hz th dung khng Zc = v cng, d
h cht phng np ca t in. khi in p bn ngoi ln hn in p gia hai bn cc th t np in v ngc lai khi in p bn ngoi nh
, t in l mt linh kin khng th thiu c, mi mch in t u c mt cng dng nht nh nh truyn dn tn hiu , lc nhiu, lc
u khi chnh lu c bng phng cung cp cho ti tiu th, ta thy nu khng c t th p DC sau i t l in p nhp nh, khi c t
u ng chiu m dng.
c lc ca t nh th no ?
bt u np.v khi in p cc + nh hn cc - t s x in nu c ni t trong 1 vng kn.
c lai khi in p bn ngoi nh hn th t phng in , in p xoay chiu lin tc i chiu do t cng lin tc phng np v tr thnh
cng phng.
T ho ( T c phn cc )
t c phn cc m dng , t ho
tr t 0,47F n khong 4.700
trong cc mch c tn s thp(l
ho lun lun c hnh tr..
t lc c tn s f=1/(2.pi.X.C)
I) Mch chnh lu bn k :
1). in p trung bnh khi khng c t lc(in p m ta c c t
VOM):
Vav=0.45Vm
(Vm in p ngun hay in p th cp ca bin p)
2) in p trung bnh khi c t lc:
Vav= 1.414Vm
3) Thng s chn Diode chnh lu:
Dng trung bnh qua Diode:
Id=Iav=Vav/RL
p ngc cc i t trn Diode:
Vd=Vm
II) Mch chnh lu ton k:
1) Vav khi khng c t lc:
Vav=0.9Vm
2) Vav khi c t lc:
Vav=1.414Vm
3) Thng s chn Diode chnh lu:
Dng trung bnh qua Diode:
Id=Iav/2=Vav/(2RL)
p ngc t trn Diode :
Vd=2Vm
III) Chn t lc
:
C=I.T/(Vpp)
(F)
C: Gi tr ca t (F)
I: dng in (A)
T :chu k
T=1/f
; f:tn s (Hz), vi in p trong nh th f=50Hz
Vpp: nhp nh nh-nh, thng ta chn n bng 1 thi
c m dng , t ho c tr s ln hn v gi
n khong 4.700 F , t ho thng c s dng
ch c tn s thp(lc nhiu) hoc dng lc ngun, t
n c hnh tr..
.50=100pi
tn s
trng thi
tr t C
F=0
khng qua
nh nht
F=1
qua
ln hn
F=2
qua nhiu hn ln hn na
F cng cao hoc C cng ln: cng d qua
F=0
F1
C0 nh nht
C1 ln hn
Khng qua
Q=2*pi*f*U^2*C=0.314*U^2*C ,
KVAR
U: in p t ln cc ca t
in, KV
C: in dung ca t in , mF
tr khng
Zc ln nht
Zc nh hn
Zc n hn na
F1
Qua
C1 ln hn
dng in 1 chiu sau chnh lu c gn m cun cm c kh nng chng li s tng hoc gim c
Dng in sau cu chnh lu (dng diode) gm 2 thnh phn:
1/ phn DC
2/ phn gn sng cn st li ca thnh phn AC.
- Choke (e ch ni n choke lc ngun, khng ni n choke ti): li dng tr khng ln khi c mt dng i
- OPT: li dng hiu ng Cm ng in t bin i tn hiu xoay chiu p cao/dng thp sang tn hiu p
Nh e ni trn, cc OPT c trch nhim bin i tn hiu xoay chiu, ch khng phi lc/ngn cn nh c
-Th nht: theo nguyn tc n nh, an ton, mch k v mch ng lc lun phi tch ri (c
- Th 2: 7805 c th ko cng sut ko ci ng c, bn nn tra datasheet ca n so sn
- Th 3: ng c c th ko cn n p vn chy tt (nn chn ngun cp ph hp vi ng c, kh
Nu b ngun 12VDC ca mnh chia lm 2 nhnh song song:
http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/dien-tu-danh-cho-nguoi-moi-bat-dau-85/cuo
dy khng ?Nu kh nhp nh c tn s thp th c. i khi bc cng thy t lc b song song vi t nh y bc, n
o. t th mnh cn bit lc tn s thp c t hng chc uF, trm uF hay ngn uF, lc gn tn s cao th c t hng
khng ln khi c mt dng in xoay chiu "cn" cc thnh phn nhiu, nhp nh trn phn ngun DC
ao/dng thp sang tn hiu p thp/dng cao ph hp vi ti; ngoi ra cn c chc nng cch ly ngun cao p vi ti.
khng phi lc/ngn cn nh choke ngun v do hon ton khng c chc nng lc ngun nh bc ni. Thc t nu trn ng B+
ng lc lun phi tch ri (c cch ly v in), v th ko nn dng chung ngun nu nh ngun ko phi l ngun n p v v
datasheet ca n so snh vi cng sut ti.
p ph hp vi ng c, khng nn u thm phn n p vo gia, rt tn km, d chy nu ko tnh ton cn thn)
uoi-moi-bat-dau-85/cuon-day-o-ngo-ra-mach-ap-dung-de-lam-gi-38824/index2.html
g n cu diode nh cc
ao p vi ti.
i. Thc t nu trn ng B+ xut hin nhiu/ripple... th ti cng s xut hin theo ng t l ca bin p ch khng mt i.
n p ch khng mt i.
Diot l dng c dng trong nn dng. N c chc nng ch cho dng in i theo 1 chiu nht nh.
Nh vy n c th bin dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in 1 chiu. Thng thng, ngi ta t hp nhiu diot li thnh mc
Diode Zener c cu to tng t Diode, Diode Zener c ng dng trong ch phn cc ngc,
khi phn cc thun Diode zener nh diode thng nhng khi phn cc ngc Diode zener s gim mt mc in
b) Mach khuych i ch B.
Mch khuych i ch B l mch ch khuych i mt na chu k ca
kca
tn hiu
tn hiu
mach khuych i ch B khng c nh thin.
c) Mch khuych i ch AB
L mch tng t khuych i ch B , nhng c nh thin sao cho in p U
d) Mch khuych i ch C
L mch khuych i c in p UBE c phn cc ngc
Ly tn hiu u ra l mt phn nh ca tn hiu u vo
quy nh ch
ton k,
bn k
hay mt phn
Xc nh theo :
Ib = Ic / beta (1)
v : Rb = ( Vin - Vbe )/Ib.
trong :
Ib : dng phn cc chn B
kca tn hiu
o in p UBE sp s 0,6 V
c nh thin
khng c nh thin
hay mt phn
hn C : Ic = (Vnguon - Vcesat)/ Rc
p Vce khi BJT dn bo ha ~0.3V
i chn C
huych i dng ca BJT, thng thng ly gi tr thp nht theo data sheet
in p Vbe ~0.7V
100mA; beta = 100~500; Vin = 10V th Rb #10K.
n, nh vy mch khuych i v in p
l ch A,ton k.
mch lm vic trong vng khuch i, mc p trn chn B phi cao hn chn E khong 0.6V (mi ni BE phi cho phn cc thun)
v mc p chn C cao hn mc p chn B (mi ni CB phi cho phn cc nghch), thng mc p trn chn C ly khong 1/2 mc p ca
Trong vng bo ha
in p vCB < -0.4 V
Thng chnh p vBE = 0.7V vCE bo ha = 0.1V n 0.3V
gii hn dy bin tn lm vic ca mch khuch i (ch gii hn cho lm vic trong v
tn), ngi ta dng t hi tip nghch, cho ly tn hiu tn cao trn chn C tr v chn B, n
tip trn chn CB c tr thng rt nh.( C nh)
h ghim p ca cc mi ni BE).
c p ca chn C (nn ly di
n tr khng gn t lc ha hc).
lin lc ng ra n ti hay vo cc tng khuch i tip theo.
tr ln). Trn chn B c t lin lc dng ly tn hiu t ngun a vo mch khuch i.
Cch ly phn cc DC
n B, nn n nh cao hn kiu 1
o tn hiu ng vo.
n E ca transistor.
mA.
ng hi tip nghch gy ra do
mo v tng tr khng ng
a cc t lin lc c nh hng
qu nh v s lm mt tn hiu
a ln s lm mch mt n
Kiu 3: Kiu mch khuch i dng 2 transistor cng loi lin lc thng.
*
*
*
*
n nh nhit rt tt.
H s khuch i cao, cho php dng ng hi tip nghch xu.
p ng bin tn tt.
Tr khng ng vo ln, nn t gy nng ti ln ngun tn hiu.
Ghi nhn: Kiu mch khuch i ny c li rt ln (trn vi trm ln), do khi tng bi
ng ra b mo (b vung ha), nguyn do l tn hiu ly ra trn chn C chnh l s tng
khng th vt qu mc ngun (v lc ny transistor vng ngng dn, mt tnh khu
xung th khng th xung thp hn mc volt trn chn B (v lc transistor vng b
Kho st mch qua phn tch ng cong bin tn (Lc cha c t hi tip nghch tr
Kho st mch qua phn tch ng cong bin tn (Lc c t hi tip nghch trn ch
ng tn cao, gi cho
vic Ic ly ln th li ln nhng ting n, do dng chy pht ra, ln. Vi cc tng transistor lm v
tng transistor lm vic vi tn hiu bin nh, dng lm vic thng ly trn di 1mA l hp l.
i 1mA l hp l.
g sai rt mnh.
s chun l 1KHz.
ch ch khuch i cc tn hiu
o cng pha, mc volt bin i
ng xung) nn khng to dng
hng (rp vi Q3), tr khng
c dng hi tip nghch rt
t hn.
B ca Q1, Q2, hai in tr ny
l in tr dng ly tn
in tr nh dng lm vic