Calculus, Student Solutions Manual 8e PDF

CANSTRUCTOR'S RESOURCE MANUAL SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY - EDWARDSVILLE EIGHTH EDITION ALCULUS Varbery. Purcell RigdonExecutive Editor: George Lobell Editorial Assistant: Gale A. Epps Special Projects Manager: Barbara A. Marray Production Editor: Wendy Rivers Supplement Cover Manager: Paul Gourhan Supplement Cover Designer: PM Workshop Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Alan Fischer © 2000. by Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ww 987654 ISBN O-13-085140-X Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London Prentice-Hall of Australia Ply. Limited, Sydney Prentice-Hall Canada, Inc., Toronto Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo Editora Prentice-Hall do Brazil, Ltda., Rio de JaneiroContents SOLUTIONS Preliminaries Functions and Limits The Derivative Applications of the Derivative The Integral Applications of the Integral Transcendental Functions Techniques of Integration Indeterminate Forms and Improper Integrals Infinite Series Numerical Methods, Approximations Conics and Polar Coordinates Geometry in the Plane, Vectors Geometry in Space, Vectors The Derivative in n-Space The Integral in n-Space Vector Calculus Differential Equations PRINTED TEST BANK 39 93 154 218 264 310 364 416 453 511 558 618 662 711 759 796 821 841ers 1 4.4 Concepts Review 1. rational 2 3. real 4. theorems Problem Set 1.1 1. 4-28-11) +6=4-2(-3)46 +6+6=16 2, 3[2-4(7-12)]=3[2-4-9)] = 3[2-+20]=3(22) = 66 -AfS(-3+12-4)+2013-7)] = -A{5(5)+2(6)} = 4125412) =-4G7)=-148 4, Sf-1(7#12-16)+4]+2 [-10)+ 4]+2-=5(-3+4)42 5(1)+2=542=7 Instructor's Resource Manual 10. aw 2 1B. 18, (J5+¥8)(5-¥5)=(v5) -(5)° =5-3=2 Section 1.121+ 3)(21+3)(2043) 4? +12049)(20+3) 16. (V5—S5)? = (98)? ~2( 8)(V5) «(V5 ee eke 894127 +2407 +3604 18427 17, 3N2(V2-V8) =3V4—-3V16 287 +367 4541427 32-34 6-1 . 21. Go 2We42) ye 18, 2G YD + Vib |= 208 + 264 =2:242-4 =448212 2 29. 30. = Pade ax 2x41) “2-1 1 3 a SP a Pane ee i etiobe Mier) ea (c+ 2) x(x 2) x(x 2) 1244x4842" a(x4+2) 21. (3x—4)x+1) = 3x7 +3x-40-4 Ca) 2 _ $x+20 a3taan4 x(e+2) 22, (2x-3)? = (2x-3)24-3) oo 2 x02) 4x? ~6x- 6x49 34x? = 12049 2, 2 y dsl Gy-2 gyP-1 I-3y 23, (3x-9)(2x41) = 6x? +3x-18x-9 oes 7G aye = 6x? -15x-9 “2Gy-)* Gy+NGy-D 3y-1 A 26+) 2y 24, (4x -1Gx=7)= 128? ~ 28-3347 ~3Gy+nGy=) * 2yF Gy 2127-61477 |. 2y+ dye), > > 2Gy+NGBy-1) 28, G14) by 4242p 412y? +10y+2 =? -14)G2 141) 2Gy+Day=) 29838432 38 42-143? -r41 29 68 472 241 2 Section 1.4 Instructor's Resource Manuallay? + 18y +4 © 28y+DGy-D _ 206)? +99 +2) “2Gy+NGBy=-). Oy +9942 © Gy#DGY=D sa x(x-1)-2 50-3) +5=) 3h a 0-050 b, 2 isundefined 2 is undefined. ° 0 Gi 36. 1a. hen 020 bt ss eins tens edb aya mtr No ° single value satisfies °= a : 0 37, a, -3<-7; False b. -1>-17; True 2 U2 = Fal 5 <- False a. -5 > -¥26;-V25 > -V26; True 6 (34,234 238 7° 39°23 273" Instructor's Resource Manual 5 MH, BB 38 re £ fal 7°39" 413 a3 38. a, a0 bux<0 c. False; Take x= 4. Then }. Since ‘a nonempty set of integers that is bounded below contains a least element, there is a ky €S such that ky /n>B but (y-Dinsb. Then ky-1_ k, 1 1 oe eer) n non on 41 £2 38. a. Answers will vary. Possible answer: An example is $= {x:x? <5,x a rational number). Here the least upper bound is V5, which is real but irrational b. True Section 1.2 U4.3 Concepts Review 1. interval: intervals 2. [15-02] 3. b>0;b<0 4 8.43 Problem Set 1.3, La 7. WOx+1>8r45 2e>4 x>2:(2, 60) 9% He3xt2<5 oie} Bexch2-0 2a (27) b. 34) oO eae 10, -3<4x-9<11 3 x-Te2a-$ 6<4x<20 -20 (2+ De-6)> 0; (2,1) U(6,) 17, 22+ 5x30; 2r= Ie +3)>0; montis Instructor's Resource Manual 1B 4x? -5r-6<0 a <5 a ter Section 1.3 928, (2x-3)(x-I7(x-3)> 0, Confiz}oo ) 40 Section 1.3 29, 30, 31. 32, 3. 8-5: -6x<0 x(x? -5x-6)<0 x(x + x= 6) <0 (-#,-1) 0.6) xtl>0 (2 (r=) >0 (r+ Dex- 1)? >0: CLV) a. 3x+7>Land2e+1<3 3x >—6 and 2x<2 x>-Dandx <1; (2, 1) be 3x47> Land 2e+1>—4 3x > and 2x>-$ sl x>Dand x>—2; (2,00 r-F e 3x+7> Land 2e+1<—4 x>-2and x<-5:0 2 a 2x~7>1 (dex) or 2r41<3 2x>8or 2x<2:x>4orx3 xs4orx>1(-0,0) a (x4? +2x-7)2 27-1 20 43x? -Sx-72x7-1 w 42x? -5x-620 (x+3)(x+ Ix-2) 20 [-3.-vp,~) Instructor's Resource Manual34. 38. b. ata? 28 x23? -820 (24X22 +2)20 (x? 42)(x42)(@-2)20 ( 502 -438) (ou) 301" 299 (7 +1? -72 +1) #10<0 (G2 +y- se? +)-21<0 (2-407 -1)<0 (+24 D-Dlx-2)<0 a a Bee Nue.2) a B-eNx42)<10. If we divide both sides ofthe G-e)r+B-e<1< Greer Gre inequality 1>0 by x, we obtain I/x>0. To prove the converse, divide both sides of the i equation 1>0 by Ix. This gives 1, Vets 1-26+6) 1-26-29 which is equivalent to x> 0. Sea? ce & ig9 199 Zoi ao Zoi **195 sc) 2.01°1.99, oo ons asm” Ose amet eal 2.99{x+2)<1<3.01(x42) 2.99x+5.98<1 and 1<3.01x+6.02 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.3 114.4 Concepts Review 7. x~7]>3: L-iS 2x-7<-3or2x-7>3 2x <4 oF 2x> 10 2 Ja+d]sloletol ke 20rz>5: (-@,)UG.2) Robe 8. [Sx-6]> St-6<-LorSe-6>1 02 4 0.04 Sx7 3 1 Problem Set 1.4 xelors> -eno[2) br+aj2: i * 2e=1<-2or2x-1>2 Feo ges denoted Fe-teors2-0 ea old re-toss3 (-0-t)u(3-0) (o-181U-102) s 4 [sx45]s10: an 243i: 10S 4545510 : “issanss aeLecteraeSos 15,2518 5 ~Bexst{-2 3] reLcoorietso : 38 ou Soe ef ; -l 0; xe #07? ~4G)-6) | -17419 20) 6 3 or-iter>0;ce.-04(2) 16. 14x? +11x-15 <0 ye UV? ~404)(-15) _ 11231 2014) 28 11, [x-3]<0.5 9 5)x—3] <5(0.5) [5x -15] <25 1B, [x+2]<03 o> 4x2] < 4(0.3) oo [ax 418}<12 19, fx-2}0 Gx-Nlx~3)>0; (Je 28, [2x-]2[x41) (x1? 2 (x41)? ast are 242001 32-620 3x(x-2)20 (~QU2.2) Section 1.4 132» 22x~3)-<|x+10 30, Bx-I]<2]r+6} 4x6] <[x-+10] px) <[axe12] (4x-6)? <(x+10) (x-1) |a]-b] Use Property 4 of absolute values. Fai Pe? 1. Jarbed=[(a+0)+4sla+dte| by the Triangular Inequality, and since sal +[b| +l 37 43>0, He2r02h 274323 and x]+222, 50 14 Section 1.4 Instructor's Resource Manualx2 I? +9] x2 38. 36. | 3 1.9375 <2. 38. a xer axed x(1-2) <0 x1 bo Pex taxed x-1)<0 Oercl 39, 00> Instructor's Resource Manual at, 2, 8. 44, |. a the area iso? -(2) «From Problem 42, 2 1 a+b) Ve «Lend oooh s( 222) so the square has the largest area. Aaa: A= 4x(l0y = 4007 fier? ~a009|<0.01 [2-100] so the triangle is isosceles. 8 a= Vl2-4)? +(-4-0)" = V4r16 = b= (4-87 + 0+ 2)? = Vi6+4 = [(2-8)7 +(4+2)" = \3644 = a © Instructor's Resource Manual9 ¢ a? +6? =c2, so the triangle is right triangle. D613) G 10, Y(x-37 + 0-1? = (x6)? (0-4)? n. 2B. M 15. 16. 1 1.7, 3): (1, D6 DD 19. Since the circle is tangent tothe x-axis, r= 4 (x-3? +y-4)? =16 Substitute x= into the equation and solve fory. i 2(122, 348) .(3 9 mipimoran-(122 228)-(2.2) 443 744) (711 midpoint arco «(422 24).(2, ) 7 z aioe +(2-4) 22) aoe = Vari = V5 = 2/24 IF +O-1 (4 2P 4-3 = # (+27 +(y-3)? =16 (x-27 +04 (5-27 +341) 7? =9416=25 (= 27 (y+? =25 (2-47 +0-3? (6-4)? +(2-37? Podeles (2-4 +(y-3)? =5 143 347)_ mere ( BET) 2.9 Ve-3? +07? -B-5 (x2) +(y-57 =5 radi Jari6 Instructor's Resource Manual 20. 2 2. 28, Substinute (1? +07 goles £202 into the equation and solve for |. x2 2x410+ > -6y-10=0 2 42r+y?-by= (2 42041) 469? ~6y49) (x49? +0-37 =10 3)eradius = V0 +9 center x+y? -6y=36 2 +(y? Gy +9) =1649 2 +(y-3) =25 center = (0,3); radius = v5 x2 + y? -12x435=0 aire yh =-35 (2? -12x+36)+y? =-35+36 (x6 +y?=1 center = (6,0); radius Py? 10e+10y=0 (2? -10x+25)+(y? +10y +25) = 25425 (2-5)? (945)? =50 5): radius = V50 = SV? center = 4x? +16r415+4y? +6) 20 x2 44x44)+4f 243 p42 ]oise16+2 AGP +areayedl ys? eSyt z= 1s 4164S Section 1.5 1726. 27. 28, 29, 18 ; acrat ea(vo3) ay -8 a) “6 2): es cn xs2¥?+[» comer «(= 2 105 | 42 Ax? +16x4 Ba dy? a3y=0 76 7 Hay 2,3,,9 srarenealy? dyed) 105 |g. 2 195 1622 16 * 16 3) x42) +4{ y+] =10 fee) ae ) erat a(vs3) center =(-2 -3) radius 3 3 2 eoner( 256,242) 246 343)_ C= 2F)-49 insoribed circle: radius = (4-4) (-4P +0- circumseribed circle: radius = (4-2)? +03) = V8 (x4)? +Q- 0? =8 ‘The radius of each circle is VI6 = 4. The centers are (1,~2) and (9,10). The length of the belt is the sum of half the circumference of the first circle, half the circumference of the second circle, and twice the distance between their centers. Laa(ay+t-20(8)+2f(1+9y +(-2-10) 284 2Vi00eTH =5637 Section 1.5 Cost by plane = by plane. 82(279) = $1344.78; cheaper |. Distance running = 6 mi (8) ised = vaeas Distance swimming = (I ime = Distance® _ 6 , VI623 5 09 Rae 8) 3 |. Put the vertex ofthe right angle at the origin ‘with the other vertices at (a, 0) and (0, 6). The wip typos “t 2) me isons om he venir ee a? +2, which are all the same, . From Problem 31, the midpoint of the hypotenuse, (43,), is equidistant from the vertices, This isthe center of the circle. The radius is Vi6¥9 =5. The equation ofthe circle (x-4y? +(y-3)? = 25. x4 y? —4x~2y-1 (x? -4x44)4(y? -2y4]) 2114441 (x2)? +=? =16 FP ¢y? 4 201-12y47 (x? + 20x+100)+(y? ~12y +36) 124100#36 (+10)? +(y-6)? = 64 center of frst circle: (2, 1) center of second circle: (-10, 6) Instructor's Resource Manual[2+10)? +(1-6)? = fists 25 = Vi69 = 13 However, the radii only sum to 4 + 8 = 12, so the circles must not intersect ifthe distance between their centers is 13. 4 34. Prarty? tbyte=0 +b? —de 4 >O0=a? +b? > de 35. Label the points C; P, Q, and Ras shown inthe figure below. Let d =|OF|, &=|00], and |PR|. Triangles AOPR and ACOR are similar becouse each contains aright angle and they share angle ZORC . For an angle of 30°. d/h= 3/2. ‘Thus, using a propery of similar triangles, occ} =v5/2 2 a2 2 a=2+4/V3 Thus, A= 2a = 2(2+4V3) = 4(1+2V3) By the Pythagorean Theorem, we have d=Vh?—a? = Va = 23 +4 7.464 36, The equations of the two circles are (2B) +(y- RY = RF GP +y- =P Let (2,2) denote the point where the two circles touch. This point must satisfy Instructor's Resource Manual (aR) +(a— RP Sime aR, ae[1- Atte sume ine, te pont where the wo circles touch must satisfy (a-rP (a-rP? (22) Sie a>, ae[ 0 Equating the two expressions for a yields G-2V2)R=0.1716R y b= / . The centers of the circles are V10-2)? +(8-2)? = J100 =10 units apart, so the belts cross at a point 5 units from each center. The belt makes a right angle with the radius at point B, as shown in the figure. From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of Section 1.5 19[Eo - fee 40. See the figure below. The angle at Tis aright the bet fom ato Bis YS? —3" = Vi6 =4 ‘angle, so the Pythagorean Theorem gives, snd» S=20 +093 rans. The ston on Ment o(ereer the lower half ofthe wheel i identical, and the (PM)? +2rPM +r? =(PTY +? two wheels are identical. so the lenath of the eee belt around each wheel is ences : 3(2x =1.86) =13.3 units. The length of the belt PM +2r= PN so this gives (PM)PN)=(PT)? is 2(13.3) + 4(4) ©42.6 units 38. (eI +00 = Yo-3F +04? ie 43? -2e4 1437-2941) P 6r494y? By 416 3x? = 2x43)? = 9416-4-4 17 N 41, The lengths A. B, and Care the same as the corresponding distances between the centers of the circles: A= Y-2)? + (@? = V8 =8.2 B= (6)? +(@) = v6 = 10 (sy +0? Each circle as radius 2, so the part ofthe belt 39, Leta, 6, and c be the lengths ofthe sides of the around the wheels is, right riangle, with c the length of the 2Qa-a-2)+202—b-n) + 20x-0~2) hypotenuse. Then the Pythagorean Theorem = Bn (a+b+c}=202n) says that a? +b) Since a+ b+ triangle. ‘The length of the belt is = 8.2+10+8+4x = 38.8 units. isthe ae of senile with (x) diameter x, so the circles on the legs of the 2 , the sum of the angles of a triangle have total area equal tothe area of the 4 A semicon he hypotenuse. From a? +6? =c?, Ba fy 8e anaes © is the area of an equilateral triangle with 42, In Problems 28 and 41, the curved portions of the belt have total length 2ar. The lengths of the straight portions will be the same as the lengths of the sides. The belt will have length Dart dy +d) ++ ds, sides of length x, so the equilateral triangles on the legs ofthe right triangle have total area ‘equal to the area of the equilateral triangle on the hypotenuse ofthe right triangle. 20 Section 1.5 Instructor's Resource Manual$43 1.6 Concepts Review 15, m=2*5: undefined: x+0y-2=0 xt0yt5=0 3. yemetbsx=k 1 AxtBy+C=0 12, dys-2et ls ye Sth slopes yrinercept = 4 18 ty =52~6 5 3 456-5618 7.6544 1.234 vi-5 0212 1x2) ox42, 2B. ; Mw Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.6 2422 a. a 2. 22 Bxtey=5 3G) +e()=5 e=4 c=0 Qxtye-l yeo2e-l 2 Bxtq=5 cya n3e45 2 2 ‘¢ must be the same as the coefficient of x, soc=3, y-2= x43), perpendicular slope = Section 1.6 Instructor's Resource ManualPoint of intersection: (—3.~4) 4x-Sy=8 Sys ax48 a4 29, 3x-4y=5 2x+3y=9 9x-12y=15 Br+l2y=36 Point of intersection: (3, 1): 3x ~ 4 ay = 3x45 Instructor's Resource Manual 30, Sx-2y=5 2ev3y=6 I5x-6) 4x46 19x 2 22 )asy26 (2) ad 60 a 20 9 ay 20), 19 Point of intersection: Sx-2y=5 Be A=3,B=4,C=-6 gn BOAO) + (-6))_7 (area 5 32. 34 M 1 i a= PQaCH-5, Vorecon 5S Section 1.6 2335, 2r+4(0)=5 44 36. 45, passes through ‘37. 120,000(0.08) = 9600; ”= 120.000 - 96007 38. Slope = -9600; The bulldozer depreciates at $9600 per year. oe 39. (0, 700,000), (10, 820,000) Poses nx 820,000 700,000 _ > go 10-0 N= 12,000n + 700,000 46. a passes through Atn= 25; N= 12,000(25) + 700,000 = 2-0 1,000,000 (2 +0) 22 40. (0, 80,000), (20,2000) 1m = 2000 80,000 _ _ 3999 20-0 V = -3900n+80,000 41, a. When x=0, P-=~2000, which indicates + passes through that the company loses money ifno items are sold, b. Slope = 450; this is the amount of profit gained with the sale of each item, 42. a, Slope = 0.75: this isthe amount of money added tothe cost with each item produced. b, When x=0, C= 200. This is the fixed cost. that is, the cost to produce zero units. 43. If (49.9) ison both lines, then 2x9 yp +4=0 and xy +3yp-6=0 50 2xg - 99 +44 (39 +3y%9 -6)= 040-4 = 0, which means that (x9, yo) i on the Hine ema) Dx—y+ 44+ Hex + 3y~6)= 0 regardless ofthe value off 47. Let the origin be atthe vertex as shown in the figure below. The center of the circle is then (4—n7). so ithas equation Along the side of (2-4-1)? +07 24 Section 1.6 Instructor’s Resource Manuallength 5, the y-coordinate is aluays > ines the x-coordinate. Thus, we need to find the value ofr for which there is exactly one x- solution to (x— 447)? +(y"=7) Solving for xin this equation gives xo (le-ra fF o7r9)). tis ‘exactly one solution when that is, when r=1 or r=6. Theroot r=6 is extraneous. Thus, the largest circle that ean be inscribed in this triangle has radius 48. The line tangent to the circle at (a,b) will be perpendicular to the line through (a.6)and the center of the circle, which is (0,0). The line through (a,5)and (0.0) has slope perpendicular to the line through (a.6) and (0.0). soit tangent tothe circle at (2.6). 49, 12a+0b=36 b= 3x-3V3y = 36 x-v3y 212 3x+3V3) xt yBy=12 Instructor's Resource Manual 50. n,B=—1,C = B-b:(0.0) m(0)-\0)+ 8-8} |8-) Im? +(-1)? Vor? +1 ‘The midpoint of the side from (0,0) to (a, 0) is si. (tes 2) ( ) Ota 940) (4.9 ae eae az The midpoint of the side from (0, 0) to (b,c) is 2 )-64) 52, See the figure below. The midpoints of the (apeaza) o[aza nen) 7 pe (24 2a), and 7 2 sas 2) The slope of PSs ] 1 phi ty -Or+. 24-22. The slope of a-¥ #45 (a1 +)] 1 qhatr- 0249) yyy, ae ORis 4% qh teat) PS and QR are parallel. The slopes of SR and PQare both 2321, so PORSisa 3% parallelogram. 53. x? +(y~6)? = 25; passes through (3, 2) tangent line: 3x ~ 4y = 1 ‘The dirt hits the wall aty = 8. Section 1.6 251.7 Concepts Review 1 pani 3 hal 2 (4-2) 44 ine; parabola Problem Set 1.7 + Lzyrintercept= 1 y= (1 +)(1 =}; intercepts = -1. 1 ‘Symmetric with respect tothe y-axis 5 2. xe-y? +h y-intercept intercept =1 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y 3. x= Ay? ~ 1s x-imtercept = -1 Symmetric with respect to the x-axis 7 26 Section 1.7 4, y= 4x? 1; y-imtereept y= (2x4 D(2x-): 5. ety x-intercept ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis Instructor's Resource Manual1. Tad + 3y=0;3y=-12 yo? x-intercept = 0, y-intercept = 0 ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis y ‘ximtercepts =-2, 2; y-intercepts = 2,2 ‘Symmetric with respect tothe x-axis, y-axis, and origin J Instructor's Resource Manual 10, 3x? +4y? x-intercept ‘Symmetric with respect tothe x-axis, y-axis. and origin AL, yaa? 2+ 2: y-intercept=2 intercepts = 22248 13 y 12, 4x? +3y? =12; y-intercepts = -2,2 intercepts = -V3.V3 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axi and origin », Section 1.7 2713, 2-y?=4 intercept = 2,2 Symmetric with respect tothe x-axis y-axis, and origin 14, 18, 28 F40- intercept Ae +2 =36: ysintercepts = V3; intercepts = -2, 4 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis y 10 Section 1.7 _y-intercepts = -2.4 -2V2.2N3 ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis 16, 4x43)? =-2 intercepts = 2+ V2 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, # E 17, 32+ 909+ 2)? = 36; ysintercepts = 4, 0 scintereept= Symmetric with respect tothe y-axis woh 10% -10k 18, x+y = 1y-imtercepts = -11 -cimtercepts = =1.1 Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, and origin Instructor's Resource Manual19, x+y = 16; y-intereepts = 2.2 intercepts = -2,2 eee ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis, x-axis and intercept = 0 origin ‘Symmetric with respect to the origin, 20, y= = y-imtercepts = 0; Po Laren yest? 1) =ate+ N= 1: 4 “intercepts = -1.0, 1 2x2 = 2x44 Hy? eAy ed) = H242412 ‘Symmetric with respect to the origin 20-0? +3427 y ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis » 24, 4(x—5)? +9(y +2)? = 36: x-intercept = § Instructor's Resource Manual Section 4.7 2925, y= (a= 1Me= 2K 3): yrntereept =-6 29. |s|+[y| =: yrimtereepts = 1,1: sintereepe © 12,3 sx-intercepts ==1, 1 J ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis and origin 26, y= x%(x~ x2); y-intercept = 0 ‘vimtercepts = 0, 1,2 30. |s|+|y]= 4: y-intercepts = ~4. 4: -cintrcepts = 4, 4 Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis and origin 27. y= x2(x-1)?s y-intercept = 0 intercepts =0, 1 3 exel= (x4? wxtlex? 42x41 B BP 43x=0 i. x(x43)=0 Intersection points: (0, 1) and (-3. 4) 5 28, y= x4(x-1)*(x4+1)%;y-intercept = 0 intercepts = -1.0,1 Symmetric with respect to the y-axis 30 © Section 1.7 Instructor's Resource Manual32, 2x4 3=-(r-1)? den3e-x?42e-1 x +4=0 No points of intersection 33. -2r43=-2(x-4)? W2e43= 20? 4164-32 2x? -18x+35=0 18+ 324-280 _18+2Vi1 _ 9+Vil. 4 4 2 Insertion points: a _. (eB 2 y 10) -0 10% Instructor's Resource Manual 4. 38. 36. 3x? -3x+12 3r°-x4+9=0 No points of intersection soni Intersection points: (-V3,~V3), (3.03) 2x? +3¢x-1)? =12 2x? 43x? ~6x43=12 5x2-63-9=0 6+ J36+180 _ 6+6V6 _343V6 10 0S Intersection points: 3-36 -2-3V6) (34+3V6 -2+3V6 3S reas Section 1.7 m1a. 38, 39, 32 yore! F424 Brel)? =15 xP 42e49x7 #6x41=15 10x? #8x-14=0 65x? +4x-7)=0 x=-1.65.0.85 Intersection points: (~1.65. -3.95) and (0.85, 3.55) xP 4(4r43)? =81 2 +16? 42449281 Wx? + 24r-72.20 x= 2.88, 147 Intersection points: (~2.88,8.52),(1.47,8.88) y a y=x?; (2) b. a2 +x? Ferd, with a>0: (1) ad +x tertd, with a<0: (3) d. y=ax’, witha>0: (4) Seotion 1.7 41. 230-2109 Three such distances NB Bade? —2y= 20; (-214vii). (-2.1-J),(2.1+Vi3),(2.1-VB) ae [2-29 «fev -(1+B)} = 50-207 =4.12 ay = (e227 +14 21-(1-B)P = fie+(Jai+ VB) = 50020273 =9.11 y= e247 oft T-(1-V) = fov( Vite saip = vip =20a1=9.17 d= 4(-2-2 +[1-V21-a+ VE) = fis (-V21-vis)’ = 5020273 <9.11 d= 2-29 4[1-s1-(1-VB)] = fi6+ (vib vat)? = V50-2V873 = 4.12 dg = (0-27 +[1+V-(1-VB)P = o+(JB+ vB) = (av) =2v5 «7.21 Four such distances (dy = dy and dy = ds). Instructor's Resource Manual1.8 Chapter Review Concepts Test 1 ML. 12, 13. 14, 15. False: True: False: which True: False: True False: True: True: True: True: True: True: True: False: and q must be integers. PA2= P2M since PL Pe a a Pi-41-P2, and gp are integers, $0 are piga ~ P24 and gua. Ifthe numbers are opposites (a and ) then the sum is 0, is rational Between any two distinct real ‘numbers there are both 2 rational and an irrational number. 0.999... is equal to | (orf lee (a-b)-c= a :a-(b-¢) = Since x nab: S [a,b] and (4,c] share point in common. If (a, b) and (c, d) share point then ¢0 s0 also,-10,y<0) or Il-bf=[-*-1=Ie+ 91 (x<0,y>0). In either case Section 1.8 3322, True: 23, True: 24, True: 25, True: 26, False: 27. True; 28, True: 29, True: 30. True: 31. True: Vi-bi=b+>4 Ifeitherx = 0 ory= 0, the inequaly sexily seen to be te. Iyis positive, then = op sts 8 a(p) ey For every real number y, is positive, zero, or ne, cabe root x= By satisfies x For example x? $0 has solution (0) Paareytye0 is a circle forall values of a If x=6=0 and c<0, the equation does not representa circle. Ix=a+4: 3a seb 4 3 yo Gara) 343 Ma panes og Ifthe points are on the same line, they have equal slope. Then the reciprocals of the slopes are also equal Hab > 0, a and b have the same sign, so(a, b) is in either the first or third quadrant. Let x=e/2, If €>0.then 2-0 and <6, Ifab = 0, a or bis 0, s0 (a,b) lies on the x-axis or the y-axis. Ifa = (a, 6) is the origin 34 Section 1.8 32. 3B. 4 38. 36. 31. 38. 39. 40, Troe True: False True: True False: True: False: True: Jn = 92,80 (%1-34) and (22.92) are on the same horizontal line. d=y[la+b)-(a—Byf +¢ = (26)? = [2] ‘The equation ofa vertical line ‘cannot be written in point-slope form. ‘This is the general linear equation. ‘Two non-vertical lines are parallel if and only if they have the same slope. ‘The slopes of perpendicular lines are negative reciprocals. Ifa and b are rational and (a,0).(0,6) are the intercepts, the slope is ~% which is rational. (a4 -1. ‘The equation is (G+ 2m)x+(6m—2)y-+4-2m =O which is the equation of a straight line unless 3+2m and 6m~2 are both 0, and there is no real number rm such that 342m =0and 6m~ ‘Sample Test Problems + (shel (2 6 -ne?s[?-eeip =: [or-@eif ° ping [co -can] =49 Instructor's Resource Manual3-2rs 4x41 <2x47 3-2xs4x41and 4x+1s2047 6x22 and 2x26 1 \ rel ands: [, pamtrex [53] 3e-2)= 206+) (P=) yee I mt Perel 3. Leta, b,c, and d be integers. e_ad+be 2d Bd which is rational “2% 1282828... 13, 21? ~44r +12 <-3,21" - dar +15 $0; Sees 44+ 44? -4(21)15) _ 44226 lox = 41282828 Sea 4 5. Answers will vary. Possible answer: 3 [3 0.0990, 50 “ (ae y 6. #54539 324 1. (n-V20)"* 920 = 2.66 8, sin? (2.45) +c0s? (2.40) ~1.00 = -0,0495 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.8 3518, {12-3112 3} (02-32)? 227 144-T2x +927 2 x? Bx? -72x414420 B(x-3x-6)20 (2.3) (6.2) 19, Forexample, ifs =-2, |-(-2)|=24-2 alex foranyx<0 20. tf -s}=s.then x20 2 [t= 5" 4S 1= 15-4 If[S~q= 54, then 5-120. 1s5 2, tsa 23. I fx] $2, then O<{2x? 43x42] <)2x"|+[3x]425846+2=16 24, a, The distance between x and 5 is 3 b. The distance between x and -1 is less than ‘or equal to 2 36 Section 1.8 . The distance between x and a is greater than b 28, ’ C65) 5 se (A,B) = (1+ 27 +(2-6)? = VOFT6 =5 (B,C) = YS +52)? = Vib +9 =5 (A.C) = 52 5-6) = NBA = VO =5v2 (4B)? +(BC) =(AC)*, so AABC is a right triangle. 147 248 3. midpoint: (+7 =**)— (4,5) 2 “(5 +) ) = (4-3 +6 +6? = Vivi2I = Via 2+10 ox) 22 (10-2) +(4-0 27 canoe 6,2) lease 2 circle: (x6)? +(y-2)? =20 28. x? +y7-8r+6y=0 x? 8x4 164 y? +6949 = 1649 (4)? +043) Qeby? +2y=2 29, -aetleyPa2yste2e1sl (x-IP +4 ly a4 center = (1, -1) xP 6x4 y?-4y=-7 4 6r494y? dyed = 74944 (x+3P +(y-2)? =6 center = (3.2) d= J(-3-1? +2417 = Vi6s9 =5 Instructor's Resource Manual30. a, 3r42y=6 a Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.8 3733. The figure isa cubic with respect oy 36. ‘The equation is (6) x= y? 34. The figure is a quadratic, opening downward, with a negative y-intercept. The equation is (¢) y= ax? +br+e.witha<0,b>0,ande<0, 35, tof 39, yea? 2e+dandy—x=4; xt4ex 204d 6 10% x-3x=0 x(x-3)=0 points of intersection: (0, 4) and (3, 7) -10} 36. Fo2xty? 23 odetleytad (e-0P4y =4 y 38 Section 1.8 Instructor's Resource Manual2? Functions and Limits 2.1 Concepts Review 1/1) (1) 3 193? ana 1. domain; range DW PUP Rr 2. f(Qu)=32u)? =1202 f(x A) = Hox? f 3. asymptote a 4, even; odd: y-axis: origin b, 1000 Problem Set 2.1 a f()=I-P=0 n be f(-2)=1-(2) =3 a. c f(0)=1-0? a f(ky=1-P e e f5)=1-(5)? =-24 f 1 1p : Age G) 3 6 4a. 8 £Gt)=1- Gr? =1-97 he f(2x)=1- (2x)? =1-4x? b. " & Qa FW=P 43124 b. (2) = (V9)! +362) = VI +32 a =5v2 OG @ F(x)= +30 Instructor's Resource Manual Section2.1 398. The graphs on the left re not graphs of functions, the graphs on the right are graphs of functions. 9, farh= fa) _ 24a)? -1)~ Qa? -1) ‘ ee 7 Sa f(025) isnot 35-3 28 defined 1 5 10, be f(x) =F = 2.658 . 0 Fe 3 2, 2 yap 12a? 12a? +48 1 1 # ce (G+V2)-———— form) 342-3 W2 1207h+12ah? +i? 2775 20.841 h =12a? +120h+4h? ane [029° +9 a5 nn, 22-8) _ is Ce ar e * 3x-6-31—3h+6 Iqnaaees h [12.267 +9 Daarthx2hed b. £1226) = =1.199 TTagehr~the $228) = A Wr? —4x+hx-2h+ 4) 3 ¥o3)? +9 = ce. fi3)=S AE: undefined axe he 3-3 na tayred 12, a+h)- Gla) pele ‘ a? +4a+ah+4h-a"-ah-4a = 41-2? ; not a functic oN aa eee oa Bat ahah 4h b. ytytxel : xr l) 4 a? +8a+ah+dh+16 13, a, F(z)= 2243 2243 20; 22-4 2 Domain {: eR 40 Section 2.4 Instructor's Resource Manual2-920; 7 29;[423 Domain: fre 8:[x]23) ~f62s~y* y' 206252 y':[y]s5 Domain: {y ¢ R:[y] $5) a HOY 342) Domain: {x €R:x#-2.3} ayy=Vor" =x-6 + 2ty>-1 ee? Domain: (yeR:y>-I) eu) =[2u+3) Domain: R a FQQePP—4 Domain: R 15, fix) = 4; fl-x) = 4; even function, Instructor's Resource Manuat YT, F(x) = 2 +1; Fl-x) = 2+ 1; neither 19, g(x) =32? +2 — Iga) = 3x? — 2-1: neither Section21 442 2 20. glu) =F s@(-u) =~" odd funetion 23. f(w) = Vw=l; f(-w) = w=; neither ~ odd neither 2x|= [2x]: even funtion 42 Section 2.1 Instructor's Resource Manual26. FW) |-r+3): neither 2 < 30 may=t" +4 EES) peitner ee ifce! 27. g(x) neither 31. Thx) = 5000 + 805x Domain: (x ¢ integers: 0 x < 100} (sy 22 - 508 Domain: {x 805 legers: 0-< x $100) 32. a, Plx) = 6x-(40045/x-4) =6x-400-SYxtr—4) b.P(200) = ~190 ; P(1000) ABC breaks even when P(x) = 0; 6x~400~ SJ) =0;x= 390 1 itrso 2 gina {irl ifO01 4001 ifosrst /250,000r? ~180,000:+90,000 if >1 DO25)= 1097 mi Du Section 2.2 a. 33. MM. 35, . SUD) = Af C3) acxtbe-aerta® a? +be Ifa? + be = 0. f(A) is undefined, while if x= 4) is undefined If.x=~1, ls) is undefined, while ifx= 1,0) is undefined b. & Ve-x Arx=1 b SUt)= foley) = ED vx(Jx-D+1-ve AA = 1 Aa S(fON)=1- x: 1 AUC) Instructor's Resource ManualfUsseoy=2ts AGN = 5 AU =~ ALLL) = ABD =F LUGO = LSD = ay LALC))= LAA) =I; AU) =1- AA) =1-( ALG) =1~ Lixcl AUG) =1-= illo = 1-2 IM D= Sif) = 1 IMO = E _ IML) = fueon= IAL) = SACD Sle) == 1, I(hOD= Instructor's Resource Manual I fa= Is) IU) ILD) = Sol fs) = FoF) elAle{slal ale Alaa alalal rn Fie cee eee eee ALAS | Al fl Als fal fell Al elalsn See ee eee es eee ee a Keheheheh (hefehdehdeh) (Cie hide fideh) (heheh) vehah b. fiehrehSachsehe (Ui fdefdefadefs)° fo) (ae fr) Sa)? Is)° So) Ss? Sas? Ss) =fehah eH Fo fe=futhen Fa fe. Section 2.2 5136. 37. 38. 39. 40. 52 de If Gofzofe= fi, then Gof, =f, so G=fs. e If fre fseH =f. then foeH = fs s0 He fs. Ree AW = ire Ae = AAO) Cerf) HO= Vie AXA) =AGED HK eho 0 0 3 a a0} sae dees aoe oes y > ee as 1.25 fy aera) 7S Section 2.2 8 ; ; NZ : ; : 2 2 a ; ; ; Instructor's Resource Manual2.3 Concepts Review 1. 0): E11) 2 ade 3. odd; even [ay +3 Problem Set 2.3 b (5 ie0 « -6o(%)=-% “(G4 a 20 io e an 180 ofS) iso. nl a) a 2180, Instructor's Resource Manual ~66.6( 2.) = -1.1624 180, x01() 4.1907 iso aso) = 6.2657 iso -121 as( 5 )=-2100 780 sus) caso 6.x!) 9.8 Section2.3 531 -t00(!) «sr 56.41an34.2° sin34.1° 8.37 4a 213° p, Saunt o e845 sin 3,1°+ cot 23.5° Ce ce. tan (0.452) = 0.4855 4. sin (-0.361) = -0.3532 eos (-0.361) = 0.9355 tan (-0.361) = -0.3775 a, 24alsin(56) 6 ay 283 b. sin?(2.51)+ Jeos50 $6.3tan34.2° na SSR 2 46.097 sin56.1° 3 sin35° ) (—sin35 = 0.0789 8. Referring to Figure 2, itis clear that sin 0=Oand cos0=1. If the angle is #/6, then the triangle inthe figure below is equilateral. Thus, implies that sin This imp! sing t =o 1Pal= Lon -2 By he Pthagoran Ley, 84 Section 2.3 unl 3) ae)? The results sin = cos =~? were derived in the text. If ee aa the angle is 3/6 then the triangle in the figure below is equilateral. Thus cos: “a 6 i 2 1 © and by the z andy Pythagorean Identity, sin = Reforing to Figue 2, its cleat sin =1 |. The rest of the values are and cos 2 obtained using the same kind of reasoning in the second quadrant. off b. Instructor's Resource Manual4. (1+e086)(1 cos) = 1~ cos? =sin? 8 13, a, SR, S08 Sin? tcos?u =] seu” secu b. (1 cos? x)(1+ cot? x) = (sin? x)(ose? 4) word)! in? = eos? + 4. 0s(21 +1) = cos 21 cost —sin 2isine = (2cos? 1—I)eost -2sin? reost = 2cos*s cost ~2(I-cos* eos = 2eos? 1 cost - 2e0sr+2c05° = 4c0s*¢—3eosr e. sin4x=sin(2(2x)}=2sin2xc0s 2x = 2(2sin.x008x)(2c08? x -1) = 2(Asin.xcos? x -2sin.xe0s x) =8sin xcos? x—4sinxcosx. Instructor's Resource Manual Section2.3 55a. yssect Period = 4, amplitude = 3 y b. y= 2eoss st” 1, y=2sin2e Period + amplitude = 2 56 Section 2.3 Instructor's Resource Manual18 y=tanx Period = x l 19. y=2+4cot(221 y= 2+ Zc0t(22) Period = ©, shift: 2 units up 2 20. y=3+see(x-z) Period = 27. shift: 3 units up, 1 units right 2 yeatersnaesy Peat amplids 7. 21 isu, 3 units left Instructor's Resource Manual 2, y=3eoi(x-f)-1 Petit =2 amphi ant ih and 1 unit down, 5 24, aandg: yeti x48) coer= costes bande. yron{s+3) asm) cand fi sing +) and hy yasin(x- 2) conse) esose—m) 25, a. —tsin (-1) = 4 sin even b.sin?(-1) =sin? even fe ese(-1) = ~cse1 odd sin(=) Section2.3 57Isine|: even €.sin(cos(~2) = sin(cos 1): even fx sin) = =~ sin x= —(x + sin a}; odd 26. a. cot(-1) + sin(-1) = -cot r= sin = ~(cot sin); odd be sin?(-ry= sine: odd e see(~1) = = sect: even cos) a. onto = Vsin* © cos(sin(-~1) = cos(-sin 1) = cos(sin 1): even B(x)? + sin(-x)= x* ~sina: neither 37, cote 1+c0s2($) _1+cos: Bema 2 100s2(§)_ tes 1d 28. sin in x cos(-) + 0s x sin(-y) sinx os y—cos x sin y 32. a sin(e-y) 0 x cos(-) ~ sin xin -y) = c0s.x 0s y# sin xsiny b. cost) tanx+tan(-y) Totanxtan(-y) tanx—tany taney) = T+tanxtan y ftantttane —_tane+0 38. a= TT anrtan x T= (taney) 58 Section 2.3. 34, cos(x—z) = cos xc0s(-n)~sin xsin(—2) = cos x~ 0° sin.x =—cos.x 35. sar QS 2 1a) $4 so there goes 5 fer prtevolton, oz revolutions per fo (sloaezles) 550 ae hao nin A 2536 evn 36. (2 fi)(150 rev)( 2m rad/rev) = 1885 ft 31. = 8(2n)(21) 38 3a. wna =V3 aa b. Jire3y=6 3y=-vix+6 tad, = tan, : my =m, Trtand, tan, 1+ mn 322 8730) =0.1419 41 a. 1 7 0 =1,8925 Instructor's Resource Manual7.021.727 42, Recall thatthe area ofthe circle is ar? The ‘measure of the vertex angle ofthe circle is 2. Observe that the ratios of the vertex angles must equal the ratios ofthe areas, Thus. so 8.4 3X5) 44, Divide the polygon into m isosceles triangles by ‘drawing lines from the center ofthe circle to the ‘comers of the polygon. Ifthe base of each triangle is on the perimeter ofthe polygon, then 2x the angle opposite each base has measure =. Bisect this angle to divide the triangle into two right triangles (See figure. [| Instructor's Resource Manual 45, The bis ofthe tingle iste sd oppose the angle Then the base has length 2rsin® (sino Probl $5). The ras ofthe semicircle is sin and the height of the triangle is reoss. eer ee, 0s *cos*cos* cos * 284 “f 2 escort Pfeor escorts] eorde cor! s]!feor2 «score 3 L 3 U =tfeosdx+eos+ |) cos 2 x+cos + lea eee 16 16 eoe3 cens 3 3 coe! 24) cos2xcos+x+cos>xcostx oo oto sano eoat) if z Ls}et( 5 2s) wY(ondreaet se (or vend wes !Sas cools scorllesened 8 16 TG geen Ginnie 16a seosLrteosdxteostx+cost. ] 18g GT TG 47, SM) 142434040 + _Sln)=nt(n-N (0-2) 441 TS @)= 04+ D+O+ DFO) nin) Thus, 2-S(m)=n(n+0), $0 $\(n) = 48. a Add up (+1)? x9 forx= obtain B40? 42) P4322 44nd IP = (n+l? Now add up 3x? +3x+1 forx=0.1.2, to obsain 3-07 43-04143-17 43-14143-27 43-2 lt et dentedentl 11, Den £0 Section2.3 599. 60 230+ 422 4402) HO+1424 .. empelele le =35;(m)+35,(n) +41 ‘Thus, (a I? = 353(n)+35y(n) 44 1 b. Solve the equation in part a, for So(n), and use the formula for 5;(n). to get: syeretfee 2560-00] [wen steed e+] cdo iesyt 2] (x #19.2(n +1)? ~3n 2] (1 #D[20? + dn 2~3n— 2] (ori smelate iene (+f a4 24 46x? +4r 41 Add up (x#1)* x4 forx=0.1,2,... 10 obtain wae ot +(ne ty = Now add up 4x°+ 6x7 +4x+1 for 50.1.2). to obtain 4 +P 42) en) 46007 +1742? +. tn?) HOHL424 .. ems eles. +1 = 4Sy(n)+ 6Sy(in)+ AS; (n) +n +1 Thus, since (x +1)8 =x* = 4x9 46x? 44x41, (n+ =4(n) #652(0) + 45m) 4 n+ Solve this equation for $3(n): 1 ant Sy(0) = Gln 1) 65 m)- 45m) -(n# D} si. Lyne'-62ate ane) 1 Sant) 0) 7 = Gl las)? -nQn+ 1) 2n— 1] (04 D0 #30? 4341-2? = n= 21) 52, 1 3 natn 2 Or De? 4m?) wnt (cD a2 a5e4 +100 +102? +5e41 Add up (x41)° = 35 forx=0, 1,2, 110 obtain 53. 0% 425-15 439-25 +s (nay =n (nt Section 2.3 Now add up Sa“ +102? + 10x? 45x41 for ¥20, 1,2... to obtain 5(0' +18 +24 +40!) HOP +P +P +0) #10(0? +1242? +n?) SOLED met Led = S54(n) + 1083(n) +1053(n) + 55,(n) 40-41 Thus, since (e+ (x4 1% = 5S 4(0) + 1055(n) +10Sp(m)+55)(n) +041 ef 4102? +102? + 5x4 Soe is quson or 5008 Satn)= nf 105m -105,0)-50)-(040) = Linen’ 10-4 (nen? -10-L nin yn a flrs’ 10S (nen? 10-2 tne ne Lanner] =denen| inant Sit (nen -Snaney—Sn— =5¢ of DEF —Zane 5 ] (n+ 16+ 1)* ~15n? (a1) ~10n(2n+1)- 150-6) 0 1 24 9 362 2 a(n 1)(6n* + 24? + 36n? + 24+ 6-15 3g + 20n? -10n -15n-6) 1 gon an? Lentini +90) 4? =m nt = Spars N60 +99? 41) ‘The temperature function is 2ssin( 22(,2 ray-m.asie (2) ‘The normal high temperature for November 15* wosasessa( 2-9) ‘The water level at $:30 P.M. is then F(ITS)¥5.12 fi. . As rincreases, the point on the rim of the whee! will move around the circle of radius 2. (2) = 1.902 y(2) = 0.618 Instructor's Resource Manual2(6) = -1.176 (0) = sin(at1 13) ~ Seos(a1/5)+ 2sin((a1/5)~3) 16) = 1.618 b. xx -2sn(Z1} = 200f 1) The point is at (2,0) when E1-= thats b. y(t) = 3c0s(a/5 ~2) + e0s(m1/5) + cosl(ar/5)~3) when « 54. Both inetions have fequeney 2. When you add funetions that have the same frequency, the ‘sum has the same frequency. 55. a Csin(ar+4)=(Csinan)cos$+(Ccosar)sing. Thus A=Ccosar and B= Csin ax . be 4? +8? = (Cosa)? +(Csinan)? = C*(c0s? wi) +C%(sin® wr) = C? Ay sin(or + 9,)+ Ay sin(ar +p) Ay (sin of +45) = Ay(sin ar cos +0s arin) + Ay(sin ar cos, +008 ot sin by) + Ay(sin a cos +c0s ax sing) = (A C059, + Ay C059, + Ay 60843)sin ar +(A, sing; + Ay sin $y + 4g sin $y) cosor 4. Written response. Answers will vary Instructor's Resource Manual Section 2.3 6187. 62 56. (a.), (b.),and (¢.) all look similar to this: (6) are not helpful because the function oscillates too much over the domain plotted. Plots in (d) or (e) show the behavior of the function. Section 2.3 The plot in (a) shows the long term behavior of the function, but not the short term behavior, whereas the plot in (c) shows the short term behavior, but not the long term behavior. The plot in (b) shows a litle of each. & 8 3 cox(h00x)+2 Nx) = (fog) (x) = 10 Fi) coco! serater)- cen on2] : 18 | : ix) 0.01 cas 0.005 Instructor's Resource Manual2.4 Concepts Review 2. tim (1-21 we 3. lim (x? +2 =1) =(-2)? +2(-2) Ae fim (22 421-1) = QP 420-1236 8. jim 122% 2-18 “et dareat fa +21 Vis V2 6. tim Mae MED |S * retigreay BeD+2P CIP 1. im tim E=2XE*2) «him (3-42) Pbxe2 Sb ae? ast e2e24 Pe4e21 We IM-3) Bhi yee Him e~3) ayttr+6 9. tim SSE 4E*E my xel (e+ 0G? -5r+6) tim ZAVG— 28) penal = lim (22 = 5x +6)= (I= 5(-1) +6 =12 im (x? + 2x1 eon tin SADED ween xo 3Mr43 12, tim tim F=BHE 9) = Fim (43) fia EY 34356 Instructor's Resource Manual 13, 15. tim =H8x7 +81 im -9 “Sh GaP aes =P (3) lim 8(3u + 4Xu— 1) = §{3(1) +4)(1-1) =O, QehP=4 4, deahek? rr re W+4h = lim im(h+4)=4 Lae = tim 22a . “ey i 2xh _ Jim(h+2x) = 2x 18. 1 0.420735 or | 0.499167 0.01 | 0.499992 o.oo1 | os =1. | 0.420735 0.1 | 0.499167 0.01 | 0.499992 0.001} 0s Section 2.4 630 4 001 0.001 Ae 0.229849 0.0249792 0.00249998 0.00025 ~0.229849 000249792 -0.00249995 -0.00025 (x-sinx)? 1 (000251314 8 a 2.775 x10 2.77775 x1 2.777781 00251314 0! on 2.775 x10 2.77775 x1 2.77778x: 10 0 ol 2 ox cosa)? 1 | 0211322 0.1 | ooo2agse4 0.01 | o.0000249996 oor | 2.5x107 ol. | 0.211322 0.1 | o.002s9s84 0.01 | 0,0000249996 0.001 | 2.5x107 2 vim (1=so8 8} mx 64 Section 2.4 2. 1 Low 1.001 09 0.99 0.999 24, 3.01 3.001 2 29 2.99 2.999 tim 22806 mE 2s. x Lt Olt ool+ x 0.001 + Lite ~Oltn 001+ ® 0.001 + (x =3)-3 (= tsiou 09 3.56519 2.1035 2.01003, 2.001 L1ges 1.90317 1.99003, 1.999 0.158529 0.00166583 0.0000166666 1.66667 x 10"? 0.158529 0.00166583, 0,0000166666 1.66667 x 10°? 3 (i+ sing -32/2) M(x —7) 0.4597 0.0500 0.0050 0.000 0.4597 0.0500 0.0050 0.0005 Instructor's Resource Manual26. ot | dean 1 0357907 01 | 0.896664 0.01 | -9.989967 0.001 0.999 “1 1.64209 0.1 | 1.09666 0.01 | -1,00997 -0001 | 1.001 lim aod 2. x (x- 14)? Mtanx—1? 1+e | 0.032024 o.1+% | 0.201002 001+ | 0.245009 o.o01+ | 0.2495 +e | oo7ani7 0.14% | 0.300668 001+ | 0.255008 -0.001+4 | 0.2505 lim 93 (an)? 28. u | @-2sing/3u Le] 00921 01+ — | 0,00199339 0.01+£ | o.0000210862 ooo1+£ | 2.12072x107 -1+ | 0.536908 0.145 | 0,00226446 -0.01+% | 0,0000213564 0.0014 | 2.12342«107 Instructor's Resource Manual 29, 30. 3. sayfa? f-3=1 Je1) does not exist W=2 fim fs) does not exis. lim f(x lim, f(x a lim, /(2) does not exist fy fee insene yeh Jim 72) dos nt exist lim f(x)= ar lim, f(x) doesnot exis ” Jim fla)=0 lim £(~) does not exist. fy=2 lim, f(x)=2 eal Section 24 6532, 33. 66 lim 2) =0 b. g(1) does not exist, sigate Egacrn Sts)=x-[b) b. 1. im fx) does not exist, 20 f0)=0 Hi fa) = lim f@)=1 lim fx)= ise Section 2.4 BL flx)= a. f(0) does not exist. b. him f(a) does not exist. elim fay= im fer) 1 2 38. lim* =! does not exist =-2 and lim Bl ra k 36. lim in (E42 - V2) VED + V3) xt x(x 42+ 2) x4+2-2 “SbaGlerte V5 Moa liaB) lea 1 1 Verte Joa 2 4 37. a fim f(2) does not exis b lim fx) =0 Instructor's Resource Manual38. * el- 43. Jim ix does not exist since vx is not defined ae 44. dim x* at 4. tim flo 90 bi 46. tim im 39. fim J) exis for a= 1.0.1 ti 82 40. The changed values should not change lim f(x) ae stany as longas the changed poins anotall gg together Ae approaches athe imi shoul th be a? ®. so. xl st. fim b. waxed 52, jin 28B24 9 e #90 sin(x*) 5. a inf 1) socenot exis. ad st 42. a, lim fe-[a]-0 5S. Jim J: ‘The computer gives a value of 0, but : : lim + does not exist tim VF doesnot exist ele ee a tim fe] =o 2h Instructor's Resource Manual Section2.4 672.5 Concepts Review 2 4. Loe Lte 0 |g)-L]y)- sce O/f()-L|g()-Dl]2x—)-Ch] |Gx-1)-(-64)| (-D| pxtiees J, [@x-va-9 dl, x3 5 eptr-1-9ce = )22-S)] V2x- V9] \(/2e=1 Va=3(V2x= 1+ FE-3)) 2» (J2x-1+J7-3))| 4 ~3(V2x=1+ Y2(x-3), *lea3t 5 Ve—3(2x-1+ S723) eh] To bound 3 Tridieaisfie=ay shnset, wm lero ch. 523, ten Pere’, 065< <1.65 and Veit Je) hence [x4 2 pe arteet lee x1 2 14x? 20:46 : posses » el 1 2 2(0x-3)-8] <6 elld(x-dl [2x7 +9-3]]s4|=[xff | 0, Then since im f(a) = L, there is some 5, >0 such that 0<|x-d <5, >[fa)-L]0 such that 0<|r-<6) >|/(a)-L] <0 Let 6 =min{é,, 5} and choose xp such that O<|z9-de6 Thus, |f(x)-U]<6=> -e< f(xq)-L -Sly)-6<-L<-flx)re = flip) -e 0. we ‘can find 5> 0 such that whenever br-d 0 and the corresponding 6 that works for la). then |= c| <3 implies a}.s|Gta)0, (Vx)? =5. Vice (lr? =xp- Thus, lim |x]= 0. 0" lim [xj:0<0-x<5=|]s|-0]|sf Thus. tim [xl=0 28. io since lim sot n. x0 0 2» Choose €>0. Since lim g(r) =0 there is some 5) >0 such thar 0 clea § =latx)-01< 4 Let 5 min{i, 5). then |f(x)]-0. Since lim (x)= L, there isa > Ouch that for 0 M. Then L- M= a> 0, Now take e-| g(x)-M|2e which is a contradiction. ThusL 0 and > 0 there is some x with O By? arn 4 8 OGD aa a6 x46 nape an asymptote atx = 3.49, b. +1 has Jo, because N ¥ +346 eect tearseres o13 O such that if O<|x-¢|< 6. |g(x)-M] <4, =1 oF M~1 0. Since lim f(x)= L and lim g(x) = M, there ‘exist 5p and 5; such that 0<|x~q< 8, => x)= L|< 5 and 0<|x-d< 65 => Vo be-d [edg( - Lid] s |g] fe) ~ 4 +{2]e - M1] Ma a Hence, sim fde(s)= Lat =( if) in 0) 32, Say lim g(x) = M and choose ey =. There is some 4) > such that O[M|-1 and <1 lec] [jt Choose £> 0. Since lim g(x) = M there is 63 > 0 such that 0.<|x- <6) =|g¢a)-M| ) BM “ee M| Te 1) © lim, — sea) M~ Ting) Using statement 6 and the above result, : ; Bn Fe tin Se tin aero ae mc fim g@) fim gt) 33. lim f(x) = L = lim f(x) = lim L Sim paeueieo = finite) ico 34. lim fla) =0 [jin sof mig fence @ lim 709) =0 © lim YP =0 © lim|f(x]=0 lim (f(x) +g(2)) exists, but neither lim f(x) nor lim g(x) exists. bE f()=2.g(a)=x and e=0, then TimL/G) (2) exists, but lim f(a) does not exist, Section2.6 7538. 39. 40, a. 4a. 8. 44 45, 76 lim Veae _vescey x =n = im, = lim cond BEF) ast i. = 3 35 fim DE] +012) _ 5-2 2 sor Gro? G-2-P FS Tim (xx) = im x tim [x ar Ps lim 0" 2 sin [4] pre2afets 1 x)g) = he) Sega) =k) = FS 1 lim g(x)=0.<> lim —~=0 FB TD —|__.9 Tim /@) No value satisfies this equation, so. tim f(x) ‘must not exist Section 2.6 46. 4. pee (cs Each side of Q has length Vx? +1 so the perimeter of Q is 4x? +1. R has two sides of length 1 and two sides of length Vso the perimeter of Ris 2+2¥5". tim Perimeter of R -x-0" Perimeter of a. NO= (0-07 +(1-0)? oP=Vr-0F 4-07 =e aVeax NP = y{(x=0)? +(y-)? = yx? +y?-2y 41 aVPex-Neel MO = (1-0) +(0-07' =1 MP =Y(x—1? +(9-0) = fy? +x? - 2x41 -\Pom avi axel tim Betimeter of ANOP x0" Petimeter of AMOP eve 4x tyst x24) = fim, ott dvi axt vest Lavi iwi areaof ANOP in, sagt ea OF MOP = lim ve=0 sot Instructor's Resource Manual2.7 Concepts Review Lo za 3 the denominator is O when 1= 0. Problem Set 2.7 rabLasing 190 1+sing (I-singy(+sine) lim 18 Lesine = fim(t-sin aoe Tim 3E!8D- iq 38C6in x7 6082) _ MO"sinx eso sinx 5. a im $1830 " 2on0 36 cossin30 Z sind Instructor's Resource Manual 8. tim pees ca dasha IMS EN aasoame a. “telaw* 0 od sins9_20 209 ay 30nd eal teas eta pa-Z sROsind cos = lim om) 2sinn® cosndos0 sind | st 20) “O tinnd 10, Me tam? 3g sia? 3 ist Oe 10 (20s? 30) 3sin 3) sin 3¢ 120 ico! 3 Rm 13, sin) + ae sof a ) MO” rsecr—10\rseet” Fseet SiD3 gg AE Wo rsect 07seer = lim3c0s1-22% + im cost mo ra 14427 14, The result that lim cosr=1 was established in 10 the proof ofthe theorem. Then Section 2.7 77lim coss = lim cos(e+ A) re So . Le eee nr = imeem cosh sn isin an Egensyigsesh sn sin Poet t cost mee tim — ¢ tim 88% ¢ tim Fen Fost Timea "ease Is tim Set 18 a, Written response 16, limseee = tim —— fyseet = mar be -(1-cost)sing limesee= Le aan ace 11, BP sins, 0B =cost poly? Lap. wp at Sats urea(AOBP) < area (sector OAP) a 2 2 area (AOBP) area ABP) D _sins(l=cost) ee E ¢=sinzeost 08 BP <1) <5 08 BP + (\-OB)BP 1 A sinreost < 1 Ar increases without bound 2. fx) increases without bound as x approaches ¢ from the right: fix) decreases without bound as x approaches c from the left 3. y= 6: horizontal 4, x= 6; vertical Problem Set 2.8 2 78 Section 2.8 Instructor's Resource Manual9%. a 10, tim 22°99 0, rove + 24h a+t jim 25h tim = in Fi 16. fin 225» i te Instructor's Resource Manual 7 18 19. 20, a 2, (FSF) (Gai a-3)( Foe) = tim 2223-02-9) soe ae nek “me Jats eye? —5 ae -5 “SE “espe (Fa) (Vra2x wa) loa +s) = lim +2nex fin et 2EEE fin pete — mele eae ae +2xex = lim ro an 2 Pe in lim, TT Dyed porelde ye i. oe" rape" tan ix tay 258 bye aE tg tO, As x 4t x94 while x4 90". lim, © aoe tod lim Fn EAE) ers ye 18 = lim (-3)=-6 a Section28 792B. AS 193.2 39 while 9-F 0%. lim war 9-0 AS x9 US? 9 579 while $— x? +07 7. 28, tim 2 ae eons sind As x93°.x3 9.27, while x-3 07 while cos 0—> 0" 3. 80 For 00,fofex, thus tim Mle tim 2=1 coo Fao F 3S, As x-907.1+cosx—>2 while sinx 0" Le cos lim 0" 36. -Issinxs! forall x and sinx. 50 fim “=o, 31. tim 3 =0, tim 2. saerel acer) Horizontal asymptote y 38, Horizontal asymptote lim soni (x41) Vertical asymptote x= -1 Instructor's Resource ManualInstructor's Resource Manual Since 2x? +7 >0 for all x, g(x) has no vertical Since Vix? +5 >0 forall x, gx) has no vertical asymptotes. 43, f(x) =2543 lim f(2)~(2e43))= tn Po ‘The oblique asymptote is y= 2x +3, 4x3 44. f(x) 23x44 thus ie] lim fea) G+ 4)) 443 ape | Tee ‘The oblique asymptote is y= 3x * 4. Section2.8 81. a. Wesay that lim f(x) = -2 if for each d. Let w=, then negative number M there corresponds a 5>0 at such that 0 flr) 0 sole such that 0<¢ =< 5=> f(x) > M. e. As xe, sins oscillates between —1 and 1, 5. a, Wesay that lim f(x) =e iffor each v2 ae while x! 30. positive number Af there corresponds an an N>O such thar W M. fim 2°? sina = b, We say that lim f(x)=0 if foreach 1 6 betw=4. then positive number M there corresponds an x “ Nee Osuch that x M. (is : _ (:. } . Let €>Obe given. Since lim f(x)= A, there is ETD et NG ‘a corresponding number Mj such that en cinta! x>M, =/f(x)- 4] Mp =[g)~ 8) <5. —— Let Mf = max{My. Ma} then x>M >| f(x)+9(2)-(443)] he sin(r+4)=sinscost reasasiny =[70)- 4+ 3()- Bl s[f)-4}+]g)~B| [ ( ) | : tim |sin(.x++)~sinx 0. Thus. there is at Teast one number ¢ between 0 and 1 such that =0. Badr ). Because the function is continuous on [0.2] and (cos0)0? + 6sin’ 0-3=-3<0. (cos2n)(2n)° + 6sin®(2n)-3=8n? -3>0, there is at least one number c between 0 and 2 such that (cos1)? + 6sin® 1-3 = 0. Let f(xyaa5 +40 - 74414 fix) is continuous at all values of x. f-2)= 36, 0) = 14 Because 0 is between -36 and 14, there is at least ‘one number c between -2 and 0 such that Saas 44x -Tx+14=0. ‘Suppose that fis continuous atc. $0 lim (x)= f(c). Letx= 1+ ¢, 30 x-e, then as x—>c, +0 and the statement lim f(0)= fle) becomes lim (+0) =f Sle) and letx= 1+ Suppose that fin, f+ ¢,s01=x-¢, Since cis fixed, ¢ + 0 means that xe and the statement lim f(¢+e) = f(0) Fe and the statement lim F(r+e)= fle) becomes tim f(2) = f(@).50is continuous at Instructor’s Resource Manual . Since fle) is continuous atc, lim f(x) = f(e)> 0. Thus, fx) > 0 for all xin some deleted interval (C~6.c+ 8)about c. Since also tc) > 0.flx)>0 forall xin (€~6,c+8). Let g(x) = x - f(x). Then, (0) = 0~ (0) = ~f0)s O and g(i) = 1-AIN2 0 since 0 ix)$ 1 on [0, 1]. Ifg(0) =. then’ NO) = O and c= Visa fixed point off If (1) =0, then f(1) = I and c= 1 isa fixed point of If neither g(0) = O nor g(1)=0, then g(0) <0 and _g(1) > 0 so there is some in (0, 1] such that 0. IF g(c) =O then ¢ - fle) = 0 oF and ¢ isa fixed point off For flx) 10 be continuous everywhere, a(2)+5 For x in [0,1], let/(x) indicate where the string originally atx ends up. Thus 0) = a, fix) is continuous since the string is unbroken. ‘Since 0 Oand lim f=e)= him f= f(0)=0. Hence lim f(x) = f(e) and fis continuous at c. ‘Thus, fis continuous everywhere, since ¢ was arbitrary. b. By Problem 41 of Section 2.1, ff) = me for all rin Q. Since g(#) = mis a polynomial function, it is continuous for all real numbers. 0) * g() forall rin Q. thus AO = g(0) for all rin R, ie. f() = mu. Ca) = mtb, y2(2)= max +b Yi) + ¥9(2) = math pathy = (m #mp)x+ (+b) This i a linear function. ula) = maby, ye) = max +B yiCoala)) = paling + by) =m mgs+ bp) +h = mymmyx-+ myby +2, = (omyma)x+ (my +B) This is linear Function. (a) = mt By Y2CA) = mH +p yiladyr(2) = (mx +b Momax tba) = myn? + mbyx+ ymax +Dyby ‘This is nota linear function unless mm, = ‘Thus, the product of two linear functions is not linear unless at least one of the functions is @ constant function, Section 2.9 53. yi(x) = mjx+h,.y2(x) = max +b st. 55. Suppose seo-{ 56. C8) _ mx by y2(2) mtb, This is a linear function only when m2 = 0 and by 20. If {x) is continuous on an interval then lim f(x) = f(c) for all points in the interval: Jim f) = > Jim fe] “i Fo-[meso9) =Vror =|/o) lits20 lif <0 discontinuous at x=0, but g(x) = [fe] Lis Sevis continuous everywhere. Iffis continuous at, tim f(2)= fe) = 1 (ims) sine fim x= b. Ifrisany rational number. then any deleted interval about r contains an irrational 1 number. Thus, if f(r) =—. any deleted 9 interval about r contains atleast one point ¢ 1 such that [f() - F(0] == 2 Here, a la lim f(x) does not exist Ifeis any irrational number in (0, 1), then as x=Pve (onere is the reduced form 9g ofthe rational number) q > <0, so Instructor's Resource ManualS(2) 0 as xe, Thus, lim f(x) 58, tim. = fe) for any irrational number c Suppose the block rotates tothe left. Using geometry, (x) = 3 -F- Suppose the block rotates tothe right. Using geometry, 3 If-x= 0, the block does not rotate, f@) softs) = 0. 2.40 Chapter Review Concepts Test 1. Tre: 2, False: 3. Tre: sind +1~c0sd=0 15 ¢088-0sind 4, False: + =|0+'| cannot be written in the form @= /(¥) 5, False: The equation determines Tas a Tre: function of 8, pore fg negative and4—x+ 0, so the domain is (0.4). Sx) = FG? 44843) = eee) “x? 4$4x+3)20 on-3sxs-1 cannot be Instructor's Resource Manual are fixed points of f 8. False: 9. True 10, False: 11. False: 12, True: 13, True: 14, False: 15, True: 16, False: 17. False: ‘The domain does not include nx += 2 where 7 is an integer. ‘The domain is (~e, 0) and the range is{-6. <0). ‘The range is (20. 0) ‘The range (~20, «) If lx) and g(x) are even functions, AG) + g(x) is even. Pea) * 8-2) = fx) + gla) If fx) and g(x) are odd functions, $e2) + 8-0) = fo) ~ 20) = ~{fl) + (2), $0 la) + 243) is odd fix) and g(x) are odd functions, ACIS) = FORO) = Aa) K), 80 “fosig(s) is even. If fix) is even and g(x) is odd, SA) = Mel-¥0)] = ~fix)gts), 50 flx}g(x) is odd. IfJ{x) is even and gx) is odd Sat) = fa) = fle} while if ‘fa is od and g(x) is even, Algt-x)) = fats); 50 flats) is even Ife) and g(x) are odd functions, Slats) =f) = fig). 80 Algtx)) is odd Section2.10 8718, 20. a. 2 23. mu 25. ro 28, 29. 30, 88 Tre: oe Je~ tan(-1)ese(—1) _Esing)? cost _ (sing? +e0s0 ~ scr) tanteset False: ‘chas domain (—o, ce) end the only value ofthe range is ¢ False: Fe) has domain (—2, 00). yet the range has only one value, c. -18 oe cif) Toe: (Fe gyed=(r'? (g° A) False: (SogXx)= (0) =x" S)-g@) =? = x5 False: The domain oe excludes any values where g = 0 Tre: fla) =0 (+), then. Fla-h)=fla-h*h)=fla)=0 Tre: cotx= SE 608 ote sin-x) —sin False: The domain of the tangent funetion excell nes where ian itp False: The cosine function is periodi 05 $= cos r does not necess imply but 0+ 2a. False: c may notbe in the domain of x), or it may be defined separately. Section 2.10 3. 32, 3. 34. 38, 36. 3. 38. 30. 40. 41. 42. 43. False: True Tre: False: False: True: False: False: Tre: False: True: True: True: If fle) is not defined, lim f(x) might 8. £0) A-2) does not exist, xa? = lim(x+5)=5+5=10 pat Substitution Theorem sinx lim 1 ‘The tangent function is not defined for all values ofc. Since both sin x and cos.xare continuous for all real numbers. by ‘Theorem C we ean conclude that JS(x) = 2sin? x—cosx is also continuous for all real numbers. ‘Since 1 < sin x <1 for allx and lim +=0, we get lim Consider f(x) = sin x ‘As x1" both the numerator and denominator are postive. Since the numerator approaches a constant and the denominator approsches ze, the limit goes to +20 lim f(2) must equal fc) for fto be continuous at (0). sofis mes=( ts) continuous at sales Choose ¢ = 0.001/(2) then since such that 0 <[x-2|< 5 [rex)- (2)] < 0.001/(2), oF Instructor's Resource Manualrr 45. 46, a7. 48, 49. False: True: Tre: False: False: True: True: ~0.001/2)< six) - 2) Sample Test Problems <0.001f2) Thus, 0.999f2)< fx) < 1.001f2) and See) < 1.001f2) for 0-<|x=21< 8: has) Since 2) < 1,001f2), a8 A2)> 0, Ax) < 1.0012) on (2-5. 248). b i That lim[/(s) + 4609] exists does not imply that im fx) and cil) does not exis. fim s(xdenists et £0) =F da f(t-1) so). ‘Squeeze Theorem ‘A function has only one limit ata point, soif lim (x)= and lim flxy=M. b= “That flx) # g(x) forall x does not inyply that lim f(x) lim g(x). For example. if (0 a2) =Sx. then fu) © gto) forall bur fim x)= img) = 5 ffs) < 10. tim, f(x) could equal 10 if there is a discontinuity point (2, 10). Se feRixe Lit For example, Sv ip bce R:hs|s erent (veRihl 2 8. V(x) = (32 - 20(24 2x) Domain (0. 12] & y+ea-(2-t)}eatn-3 v-ae-(3}o-% (Fegxay= s6)=5-4-34 3 ce ne=e(3) G pene(ae) =o 2 204g2(2)=(2 P22 425-109 SO)+8 @)-(3) +65) = 9 425= 77 Instructor's Resource Manual10. a. (2,16) b. feg=V6—x"5 domain [-2, 2] c gef=(/io=x)* = (16-2); domain (~20,16] Ihe flay= Vz, gC) =1+x, M2) Ha)=sinz, Fx)=Viesin? x = fogehok 12, a sin(S70°) = sin(2I + (tal e. sin?(5)+c0s*(5) 1 2 13, Instructor's Resource Manual b. sin? recos?r=1 cos? = 1~(0.8) cost =-0.6 36 c. sin 2¢=2 sin £05 1= 2(08)-0.6) = ~0.96 Sint, 08 cost -06 3 d.tane a cox($-1)ssine 08 2 f sin(r+1) 14. sin3r in( 2s +1) = sin 2r cost +c0s2 sin = 2sin eos? r+(1~2sin? sine 2sine(1-sin? ¢)+sin¢~ 2sin? = 2sine—2sin? r4+sine ~2sin*r =3sine—4sin?y 1S. s=rt ero Grr = 18.85 in, see) = 6x 18, tm tL im 4 in worl? 1 wol(utiu=I) aviu=1 doesnot exist a : 19, lim 2 = lim —2—_ = lim wax? gy (X= 2MK+2) cd x(x +2) in “20242) 8 20, lim «rea 25 = lim eee ss02sin.xe0sx 0 2c0s* x 1 2 Section 2.10 912. 2. 24, 25, 26. 2. 28. 29, 30. 3. 92 Pl ig V-DO? +y+1) yatta ost ODO) Payth i414! ell Soe Peeled yn oysl da ra2 sh Jn-2 ee ae lim [4x]=2 aos Jim (f¢]=1)= tim fe tim = 1-2 oa pa a. f= b. lim f(a)= lim (I-x)=0 ni mt elim f(x)= lim x=1 nr 7 tim, f(a)=-1 because a fis discontinuous at x= 1 because fll) = 0, but lim f(x) does not exist is discontinuous at x = —1 because t-1) does not exist, b. Define f-1 a. O<|u-a)<5>|g(u)-M| man =2 2 de gg = WOU #10=2 | 0.0201 oy Slope =15 101-1 o Instructor's Resource Manual Section3.1 93Mag = lim f+H-s0) A a0 a tim Mea? +=? +) psd A tm 2E2ZA*HP=2_ 5, MO¥H) > 0h = lim(2+h) = fimarhny=2 2 8 y= . 120601 eee = 2.01=2 0.01 = 12.0601 ag = fim LO+M= LO) see (a+Ay =) 0 rn = lim 12h+6K? +h lim W(L2+6h+1?) ok 0 94 Section 3.1 10. f(x) = 3x on hv A a im Metin? -30e+ )~(C? — 36) at a fn EESPAt ce 41? 30 h- 2 4 “0 Tn HOE eh ou) lim— po 2(2+h) iim LO+H~F(0) _ jin, BI! mh moh = tim Bl = tim 0 A hah YH Le H1Gr= 0} 13, a, 16(1?)~16( b, 16(27)-164 Instructor's Resource Manual0.9616 3.01-3 0.01 14 a. b. 18. a vs jim Lee L00) Le) aso SL fraet ~ pao ~Vtavi 0) A (J2as thei -V2a +1204 Dhl + V2aH1) a n2a+2h+1+ 20+) 2h ssn Via 2h+1+ 2a +1) 2 1 E = fs Vtavts art Vaast b. ‘The object reaches a velocity of } fs when 1 =4. Peat tim Eee hn? +4(e+ ANI A =2ch-W? +4e+4h+0? —4e a 16. + 4c) tim ARH eng 0h ~2e+4=0whenc=2 ‘The particle comes toa momentary stop at 172, do ontatl-ldeats ina [Joovtei}-[Ler 102005 g Instructor's Resource Manual (2+ hy on) aahgl? Vave = Teh-2 =44h P41 im LO+W =F) oh fim (2+? +=? +1) a 2 “tn MAH ca) af) = lim(ae y= 4 10 0.02005 2.01- be tve © Section3.1 9518 a, 1000(3)? -1000(2)? = 5000 bp, 1000(2.5)? -1000(2)? _ 2250 : 25-2 05 e & f(e)= 10007 p= tm 1000241)? ~ 1000(2)? ao i = fm 4000440008 + 100047 — 4000 a) i = fm 4000 10008) hoa 20. MR= fn a a {0.4(c+ h)-0.001(c + h)?] -(0.4c~ 0.001e*) a Te = lim 24€+0:4h~0,001c? - 0.002ch — 0.00147 ~0.4e +0.001e" rs) i «jig MOA=00020 0.0014) 54 p.900¢ a ¥ ‘When n= 10, MR =0.38; when n= 100, MR=0: 2 : 2. a= fim MEA 200? ‘AtB o'clock, r = 00=400 . 75 h0 h 6-10 = tim 244R+ 2K? ee Mk 24, a, ‘The elevator reached the seventh floor at ime Fig Ma# 24) 280, The average velocity is “aso A Vong = (84~0)/80 = 1,05 feet per second n be The slope ofthe ine is approximately oa =1.2. The velocity is 55-15 approximately 1.2 fet per second, c, The building averages 84/7=12 feet from. flor to floor. Sine the velocity i 2r0 for tw intervals between time O and time 85, the : elevator stopped ewie. The height ae JO. r = 240(10)—6(10)" = 1800 approximately 12 and 60. Thus, the elevator 10, r = 240(20)-6(20)? = 2400 stopped at floors | and 5. = 40, r= 240(40)- 6(40)? = 25, a. A tangent line at =91 has slope approximately (63~48)/91~61) =0.5. The 25. gg 2 100800 6 15 20 67 norma high temperature increases athe rate 24-0 29,167 galthe of 0.5 degree F per day. 96 Section 3.1 Instructor's Resource Manualb, A tangent line at ¢= 191 has approximate slope (90~88)/30 = 0.067. The normal high temperature increases at the rate of 0.067 degree per day. c. Thereisat when the rate of change is zero. There is aso ‘time in July, about July 15, when the rate of change is zero. 4d. The greatest rate of increase oceurs around day 61, that is, some time in March. The greatest rate of decrease occurs between day 301 and 331, that is, sometime in November. 26. The slope of the tangent line at 1 = 1930is approximately (10 ~3.5)/(1980-1919) = 0.107 ‘The rate of growth in 1930 is approximately 0.107 million, oF 107,000, persons per year. In 1990, the tangent line has approximate slope (2416)/(20000 -1980) = 0.4. Thus, the rate of ‘growth in 1990 is 0.4 million, or 400,000, persons per year. The approximate percentage ‘growth in 1930 is 0.107/6 = 0.018 and in 1990 it is approximately 0.4/20 0.02. 27. In both (a) and (b), the tangent line is always positive, In (a) the tangent line becomes steeper and steeper as f increases; thus, the velocity is increasing. In (b) the tangent line becomes later and flatter as ¢ increases: thus, the velocity is decreasing. 28. [Herm +e+]-($e +2) i A(crach+te sl) : ho A aed When 1=3, the curent=10 c +1=20 e=19 co V9 = 44 A 20-amp fuse will blow at r= 4.4 3.2 Concepts Review LlerW- SO), [O=FO h ime 1 Lle+h)~ $0) A Instructor's Resource Manual 29, A=a?, r= dt rate = tim 224A ~ 40372 ra a = fim AOA A) = ae kePlday so 2 inch? see 16 Be y= fx)= 8-207 41 a b, man =0 © ds May = 17.92 32. y= f(a)esinsin? 2x may = 1125 b, myg = 10315 Min a, Man #11891 33. s= fet +tcos?s Atr=3,v=2818 ay we seek AtE=16,=4277 3. continuous: f(x) =|4] Section3.1 97Problem Set 3.2 1 FU) yn LOL a ra = im (24 my £0+h-f2) A fim 22+ MF -20P 0) A 2 = my LATS im (16-440) =16 io ha 2 F2)= jim: mn £8+!-f0) oe 10 A = fim (G4? C+) 0 7 = Him A+ lim (S+h) = 5 0k bad 4) jim L4+h-f(a) A (34h) emer eee 030+) m0 ht sles. 5. #)= lim: A) = tim Zest 2x4) ao * = lim t= 2 bh Ler) Sl, I 6. f'(x)= lim ay = tm 2t# Bl Cars B) fy h ae Genie 7 (xt hr) 1. rea) fin eer) (3x44)? +4]-Gx? +4) a0 i Gxt Sb = lim (6x+3h) = 6x 0 98 — Section 3.2 10. 2 "(x)= lim LE+h)- fi) Co eerie sj GEE Cae AD C2) 2xheh® +h = ti STAT 2 fim(2x ttt) = 2x41 0h 0) LE+W- fe) Se) = lim eae a fim LAH A? + B(x hy+e]~(ax? +be+e) a 2 Been rere) Ba = dared “ Llx+h)- fx) SF) re = tin tat Dee vo ten AA? 6H? + iP xa hd A = lim(4x? +6? +4024) = 4 £0 “(x)= tim LMS) aa tay EEA + 20+ WY? + 1G? +23? +0) ee im 3A +30 n+ HP + Ae + 20? nt ah Tim? +3he+h? +4428) = 327 44x ; a(x+ hg) toe yee tim (Et + x4 7)“ Gt +3?) ct 7 = lim Bho? + 6h x? + ah xt hf + Diet h™ mR = fim (42° +6hx? + 4)P x4 A? + 20h) 0 24x 42x Instructor's Resource Manual7 Flx+h)-FO) es ea = tim|{ —6___6_ |. nol (eeayerl ate) fi (x? +2he+h? +1) (x? + 1x? + 2h +h? +1) nto | v0] (x? + 1)(x? + 2h th? +1) A 13. Wi) fim MEM) = lim li a + nls | fuze -{* 2 rt) 1M ¢0)= jm See =S) I (4 J W0GP Da atee hal) GPE “bloat aa) sol Grae Fh > in| =] ees 1 ol laeaet xe) soe HHFD (re? [xt thre h—1-(x2+hx—A-1) 1 ~[Peeeee see) = tim 24 _1}._2 aol (ether) A) Gea? Glx+h)-Go, h a (arb 1} Mallreh—-4 x4) h tg | EE 2AE= 9H 8H 4a? 9 Dh =I * St (e+h~4Xx-4) A 11, @'@)= im 0) = -th 1 ao woo ha) hh 2 1 “Neha nae Glx+h)-G) h on 2h) 2x) 1] Ls | Qe BAY? —2)— 2x0? Oh e—A) 1 “WSO (Gam? crn) eae) A] MOL GPa Dhee xm ol a = tim es __ ha (x? + Dix + x= Ha 2) 18, G(x) = tim 10) c -2x2 a (ay Ge Instructor’s Resource Manual Section3.2 9919, g(a) = jim S48) Lif Ly 0 aan xy V5x+3h + V3x) meee neiacesn aa) a 3 3 = jim —— = im 3 = a0 )(J3x+3h+V3x) v0 3x+3h+ V3" 23x B(e+h)~9(2) h 20. g'()= fim: = tim|(—b_--L).t nvol| porn) 3x) h «in| ELH wool oxen) tim | OBE —VBEH SAN BH + VBS) 1 ioe foxes lax + Vare3h) =n 3 bi Baer lax aaa H(x+h)- HO) h 4. H'G)= fim: 3 3). -eleshl = tim| SERA? WoL farh=2G-2) tim 3a? VEER = 2 + VAD) A590 hYlaeh—2Nx-2)le=2 + Jxeh-2) 3h = evo QWx+h—2+(x+h—2Wx-2) 3 «Gra leebads Gerh-aylend 3 3 “3a-2We-2 2-2)? H(x+h)-H@) h centaat tea ) ava ui) (Gama lies) aiecionnes +i +4) ai? ahr a? +4 a? +4) 22, H'(@)= lim =} 100 Section 3.2 Instructor's Resource Manual~~ 2he +i? = lim N90 a( Ue? «ahah ovis? +4) ' 2x+h = lim WO a ames ht edd 4 2x x Wied Vir oa £- F0) 23. f'(@) = lim a aex ip KE) 3 rr tin ND ee =2r-3 24. (9) = tim LO-LE 2 sce ig 280-02 258) 2 Nas tim CLEME +t 27) 45(0- 2) tm EME te 3? 45) toe toe = lim(? #er4 3? +5)= 3x7 +5 tm ESBS ~ NG Des =St=x) PG Sx= SC 3) ae SVS) Instructor's Resource Manual 2». 30, 3 2. 3B. uM. 35. 36. P atx=2 S)= Saya tx atx=3 I atx 3 Sa= atx 2 SW =F ate fy) =sinyaty fx) = cos x atx AO) =tan tate 38. g-D=2%e)=0 7 Peel 8M=-220=-5 Section 3.21014. 4. B. 102 3 a fQ)=5 SO 2 (05) =1.8; $05) = 0.6 b. 29-19 Los xs d. x=3,5 e xe135 f£ x=0 xn 073 andS 0. Section 3.2 1033.3 Concepts Review 1._the derivative ofthe second; second: LE) (E)+ SE) 2, denominator: denominator; square of the OF)= SOE") #7) denominator: 3. ae Th mt 4. ALY LY) + Ligh: Dy Problem Set 3.3 1. D,(2x?) = 2D,(x?) = 2-24 = 4x 2. D,Bx°)=3D,(0°) =3-3x7 = 9x7 3. Dlr) = nD, (x) = m1 = 4. Dy(a?) = RD, (0?) = w-3x? = 3x? 5. D,(2x*)=2D,(x?) = 2(-2x9) = 429 3a 56 ese ase) T. Dy (x? + 2x) = Dy (x?)+ 2D, (x) = 2x42 12, D,Gr4+.2)=3D,(34)+D,(2) = 440) +327 = 1207 +327 104 Section 3.3 13, 14, 18, 16. ". 19. Dt +84 axel) De (24) + Dy(2°)+ Dy (27) + D(x) + Dy(l) tx? 43x? 42x41 D,Qx* -2x° 5x2 even?) = 3D (x) 2D, (0) 3D, (7) +nD,(x)+D,(n°) = 3(4x?)- 2x7) 5(2x) + (1) +0 #120) -6x -10x+n D, (mx? -2.8 - 5°) = RD,(x")= 2D¢(2°)~ SD?) = n(728)-2(5x4)-5(-27) = Tm? ~10x4 +1027 Dy(a!? +5 nx) = Dyl2"?) + 5D,(x7?)~ 2D.) 2x! 4 5(-24°3)—n(-10x') 2128!" 10x 410m! 05+) 3D,(x3) + D4) (3x) ar) = 2D,(" 72 $5} =a. ")- D(x?) as FE Lrt}+20) Instructor's Resource Manual27. Dyl(x? +22 +) =(2 +2)D,(2 +1) +62 + DD, (0? +2) = (2 +2)8x7)+07 +0) = 3x4 + 6x7 4224 + 2x 23. Dyas? +1) = x Delo? +1) +(2? +), (3) =5x4 46x 42x = x(2x)+(x7 +1237 +1 2, D, 28. DylOx* - 0? +) WL, D[3x(x° =) =3xD,(2? =) +(? = 1), 3x) = (x4 Dy (x? ++ (22 +DD, (4-1) £32827) + (8 -1)G)= 12x? -3 = (x4 -NQ2) +0? +4P) = 25 204405 +42? = 6x5 44? 2x 28. DylQx+1?} = (2x+1)D, (2x4 1)+ (2x +1)D,(2x+1) = (2x4 1)(2)+ (2x +12) = 8x44 26. D,{(-34+2)") (-B42)Dj(-3x+2)+ 34+2)D, (3x42) (-3x + 2-3) + (3x + 24-3) = 18x - 12 29. Def(x? +17? -3x41)) = (27 #1)D,(? ~3241)+ (0-31 + Dy? +17) = (x2 4182-39462 3x42) 23a 48x? —51+2x4 6x? +24 = 5x8 442s? 424-51 BO. Dyl(x4 + 22)(<° +20" +] = O04 + 22)D gC? +22? +1) 4 (8 4227 HD (4 +22) = (x8 +282? +42) +(0 +227 414 +2) 2 1x8 4120 #1208 41207 +2 BH. D,{(Sx? = 73x? - 2x+1)] = (5x? - )D, Gx? - 2x41) + Bx? - 2x +1)D, (5x? -7) = (Sx? - 16x -2)+ Gx? 2441010) 2602" ~30x? — 32414 32. Dyf(Gx? + 2x)(x* —3x41)] = Gx? +2x)D, (x* —3x 41) + (x4 -3x+1)D, 3x? +2) = Gx? +2u4x? -3)+(04 -3x 416442) = 180° +10x* — 277 6x42 a a }-8 2 +1)0,()-()D,x? +1) “ Geen? GP ANON 6x ~~ Gen Gx? +? +1 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.3 10534, 38, 36. 37. 38, 39, 40. 106 ? -1D,(2). Ge 20x) 6? = ) Sete ran—cno ce —a409 ae 3049) (Gx? 35+ 9)? (4x2 ~3+9)(0)—(Bx-3) 8x3. (4x? 3x49)? 3x49" -8r+3 (F349 p{—4 ) (28 -3x)D,(4)-(4)D,(2° -3x) "(ax 3e, QP -3x* (2x3 ~31)(0) ~ 4(637 -3) _ 24x? +12 (2x3 ~3x)? QP 3x)? G+DDA Dy +1) (e+? G+DM-G@-DM __ 2 (+? (+h? 3) ost x+5)(42) — (2x7 ~3) rts? 2 +20x+3 Gr+5)? Sct) Gx? +D,(5x-4)~(5x~4)D, Bx? +1) p,[2=4) Se ADP Or aCe OP Oe ed 3x +1 Gren? G2 +N9)-6x- 4162) Gx +)? cise 24ers Gr +)? Section 3.3 Instructor's Resource Manuala, 9 (22g) teemnar -eence? sennsen aoe (2x41? _ Qx+I(4x—3)- (2x? -3x+2) - (Qx+1? _ 42 44x-5 “Geen? 3x ~1)D, (5x? + 2x - 6) - (Sx? +2x-6)D,Gx-) a. Gr-1 110x+2)~(5x7 +2x-6)3) (@x-1)? 15x? -10x416 Gx=1? (2 +1)D, (2 - x41) (32-24), 07 +) 43. : (2 +1? 2 2 NRx= 1)? —x+ 2x) (+i? “4, ' =2s8) (2 42x DD Co? 2445) (a? 24 9,0? 420-3) “(P+ 2x-3, (27 422-37 (32 42-3) 2x~2)-(2? -2x+ 52x42) (2? +2x-3)? ax 16-4 “(2a 3P 45. (F-8)(0)= S2'O)+ 80/0) =4(5) + (BI) = 23 bes O)=S+e(=-145=4 (0) = SOLO ~ FOE") fay =8OE : #70) ey =a45) 17 Ga 46. a. (f~8)(3)=SB)-8'@)= 2-10) =12 b. (F-2)8)= SO2'@)+20)F'O) = 1-10) + 6(2) = 58 v £)2'Q)- 8@)F'R) « &/NQ-——— PO = 22 9 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.3 10741 DALOOP = DLO LEDS C+ [DSN =2-S()- DSO) 48. Del SLa)g(IH A= [Dy gMMI+ BOVID SO) = SM BID Ha) + HDD B(0)]+ BA)D_ Se) = FDG)D HE)+ /OMM ID 82) + BOMOE)DS(2) Tangent ine y= 2 so. p,( st] OPe +d, (ray +4110) ~(2) 2x Grea? Goat Atx= 1 than Tangent line: y- 23535 SI. D(x? ~22) =3x? -2x ‘The tangent line is horizontal when mq ‘Man =3x? -2x=0 xGx-2)=0 x=Oand x= 2 oom (2-4) 2, p,(LPve-s} Igy = 2 + 2-121 x? 42x-2=0 W2 F-42) _ ~2 “Baie xe-ltV3 (BSB) (18. 108 Section 3.3 53. 58, 56, y =100/2° = 10x so0x-® i Set y* equal to -1 , the negative reciprocal of the slope of the line y= x. Solving for x gives x= 500! = 42.817 y= 10050076 0.563 ‘The points are (2.817,0.563) and (-2.817.-0.563). Proof #1 D,[S)~a(2)]= Dg fe) +(-D80)] = D[S(]+ B.[Da)] = D,f(2)~D,e2) Proof #2: Let F(x) = f(x)~g(2). Then [s@+h)- 20 +h]-[S@-e0)] Fix) = lim ; = nf Leaf . se [ 7 ‘@)-2) 321440 a. D,(-160? +401 +100) = ym =32(2) +40 = -24 fs b. v=32r+40=0 rads “4 DUAS? +21) = 9142 91+2=30 8 Instructor's Resource Manual57. ag = Dy(4x—x7)= 4-2 ‘The line through (2.5) and (x9..yp) has slope Tangent line: y~3= 2x I)zy=2e+ 1 Ab ay =3:9 =40)-@)? =3 ~2Q)=-2 Tangent line: y~3=-2x-3):y=-2x +9 $8, D,(x?)=2e The ie oth (4, 15) and (x.y9) has slope 3 iF (xo, 9p) is on the curve y=2?, then Gas (29 - 349-5) =0 At x9 =3:99 =)" =9 She should shut off the engines at (3,9). (At -xp=5 she would not go t0 (4,15) since she is moving lft to right) 59. D,(7-x7)=-2x ‘The line through (4, 0) and (x, ¥9) has slope 20-9. i the Ay is at (xp.yp) when the maa spider sees it, then man ad #89» T=? x0? xg +7=0 3.4 Concepts Review Instructor's Resource Manual (4-749 -D=0 At xp =1:39 =6 = Ya? + (0-6)? = V9+36 = V5 = 3V5 =6.7 ‘They are 6.7 units apart when they see each other. 60, P10. 8)'8 (2,4). Dyy =F so heslope of the tangent line at P is 4(0,P)= Ja’ re dP d(O,P) so AOP is an isosceles triangle. The height of AOP is a while the base. — 1 {i has length 2a, so the area is 5 (2a)(a) 4 61, The watermelon has volume 5 nr; the volume of the rind is (rt) <2 730 i. 2 Sam 230 7 toy = a perem of radius growth Since the radius is rowing 2em per week, the volume of the rnd is rowing tie ne of 528) = 8 em? pe week, 3. cos.x;~sinx 4 2Problem Set 3.4 oo (2) 1, DQ sinx+3 c08 x) = 2 Dy(sin.x) +3 Dacos x) an. = 2cosx-3sinx SinxD, (6052) c08xD, (sinx) 2. Dg (sin? x) = sinx D,(sinx)+sin x D,(sinx) xsin? x~cos? x _ sin? x+c0s? x) Res 2 = sin.x cos.x + sin x c0s x= 2 sin.x cos x= sin 2x sin? sin? x 3. Dy(sin?® x+c0s? x) = D,(1) = 0 4. De(l 0s? x) = Dy (sin? x) 9. o (stxtso) in x D, (sin x) +sin.x D, (sin x) cst in x cos x + sin x cos x = £08 D, (sin x + 60s x) — (sin x + cos x)D, (cosx) 5. ojeen)-0,() eins) Ca x-sinste een) (Se sess) esis) _ 2d) -O 0 a sing 1 sinx cost x oe LE ceca sa» (2282822) 6 vxces-0,(5t) _ sna fins) =x cous (02) tan? x Dy(l)— (De (sin x) x) sec? x(sin.x+c0s.2) He) lz) 2. Dgtans)=,( 82) ‘ _cossD,(sinx)~sinx D, (00s) ‘cos? x cos? x+sin® cox 11, Dy(x? e052) = 27D, (cos x) +008 Dy (x7) = =x? sinz+2xcosx _(£+DD,(xo0s.x+sin.x) ~(xeosx+sin)D,(2 +1) (+? (2 siycasina + 0146053) -2a(xeosrsins) _ = sins—dssins 2e0se +t? (2? +1)? 13, y= tan? x=(an3y(tan2) (tan x)(sec? x) + (tan x)(sec? x) = 2tanxsec? x y 110 Section 3.4 Instructor's Resource Manual4. 16. 17 19. y= see? x= (sec? a)(seex) y= (see? x) sec x tan x4 (secx)(see* x)" = see? xtanx+secx(secxseextan.x +sec.xseextan x) = see? xtan x+ 2see? xtanx = sec? xtan x D,cos x) = -sin x Atx= 1 Man = €0s 1 = 0.5403 ‘Tangent line: y - 0.5403 = -0.8415(x ~ 1) D, (cot) = ~ese? Ate, 4 yl Tangent line: y~1 D,(30c0821) = 30D, (cos? ¢—sin?® 1) = 30{c0s1 D, (coss) + c0s1 D, (cost) — D, (sin? #)] 1Of-2sin cost —sintD, (sins) ~sinsD, (sin )} 0{-2sin cost ~2sinscos!] = -60 sin 2¢ Atte 4 ‘The seat is moving to the left at the rate of 60 fUs. sorin(2-4) = -60 fs “Te coordinates ofthe seat atime tare (20 eo 20 in). a (20cos5,20sin (v3.10) =(17.32, 10) b. D(20 sin) = 20 cos 1 Atr=Z crate = 20c0s% = 10V3 6 6 = 17.32 tus cc. The fastest rate 20 cos r ean obtain is, 20 fis. tanx yresectx When y=0. y= tan0 ‘The tangent line at x Instructor's Resource Manual 20, y=tan? x = (tan.x)(tan x) an xy(sec? x) + (tan x\X(see? x) tan xsee? x Now, sec? x is never 0, but tanx= Oat x= kre where kis an integer. 2, y=9sinxeosx y'=9fsin.x(-sin.)+.c0sx(cos3)] =3fsin?x-coo'x] =9[-cos2x] ‘The tangent line i horizontal when y’ = 0 or in this case, where cos2x'=0. This oceurs when +k where kis an integer. F exe ‘J'(x)=0 when cosx=1; i.e. when x= 2k wore isan integer S'(x)=2 when x= (2k +1)a where k is an inege 23, The ures interest when VBsinx= VBeosx, sinr=cosxat x=H forex cB. a D,(V2sin x) = V2c0sx; V2 Dy(Sicoss) = asin: -V2sin 11) ==1 so the curves intersect at right angles. 24, v= D,(2sint) = 2e0sr At 1=0:v=2em/s 3. y= Ocmls =-2ems Section3.4 111sine + A)? ~sin? B sings? +24h-+h?)-sinx? a) i 25. D,(sinx?) = lim 0 sm S87 c0s(2th +f") 4.6081 sin(2xh +h) sin. an S107 (cO8(2x-+ 1?) —1)4-608 22 sin( Deh +?) a 26, Dg sin 5x) = lim BASEN) —sinSx a jy SSE) sine eee «ig $I SSOOSSH- oon Sin Sh sine mo i c055h=1 5 SinSh h = nes -+5eos5x505h 3h » fn sons ra =0+Scos5x-1 = Scossx 27, sinxy =sin 2x sin xg = 2sin.x9 ¢08.x9 Lie si xo =+ [if sinag 20 £05.59 =5 Lif sing + 0} 3 D,(sin x) = c08 x, Dy(sin 2x) = 2c0s 2x, 50 at x9, the tangent lines to y= sin x and y = sin 2x have respectively. From Problem 40 of Section 2.3, ng =m, T+ nym tan where Gis the angle between -a-t -3 2 HQ)en ¢ so @ =-1.25, The curves intersect at an angle of 1.25 radians. the tangent lines. tan@ 28, LAB =Dasin’ D=1O;cos£-AB = OF costsin® eter a2 E= D+ area (semi-circle) = 08 cos4sin 2 112 Section 3.4 p g0s(2eh+i?)—1 in( 2+ I?) SBR H IAN ogg 2 SINEAD | gi h ? + c0sx* I) = 2xcoss” "oi? ein? tim 2 lim cos(t/2) ror E voor” costes 2) + Zsin(t/2) b. fla) = O has 6 solutions on (1,67) ‘F'() = 0 has 5 solutions on (7,62) eft) = xsin.xis a counterexample. 4. The maximum value of [/(2)-S(2)] on [1,677] is about 24.93. x9 = 1.95, Seg) 1.24 Instructor's Resource Manual3.5 Concepts Review 1 Dw fee 2. DwG'HCNH(s) 3 FOLEY 4, 2xcos(x?}:6(2x+0? Problem Set 3.5 3. yew andu=3-2e Dyy= Dyy- Dy (Su* 2) = 10(3-2x)* J and w= 4423? Dry = Day Deu = (Tu® (4x) = 28x(442x2)6 5. youll and w= x 2x? 43x41 D,y = Dyy-Dyu = (13x? ~44+3) = 11x? ~4x43)3 - 28? +34! 91 and =a 539 4m] Day = Dyy-Det = (10M! 5x4 - 152? +n) =10USx* 15x? +n)fx5 -5x? + n+ 1 and =x? 2x? 43x41 ny Dyy= Duy Det = (U1 u'r? 4x +3) = 111Gx? ~4x43)0 - 242 #3441)!" Instructor's Resource Manual and u =x? -x41 Diy Daw = 2 8)2x-1) = -1(2x- Wa? = + ys 5 = (-5u-S)(l) = -S(x+3)* =-— | +3) 10, y=u and w= 3x? +x-3 Dyy= Day Dy = (907! K6x+D) = -9(6x +1)3x? +x-3)""° 96x +1) “GF +x LL. y= sin wand Dry = Dyy- Du (60s uy(2x + 1) 5+ Ieos(x? +2) 12, y= cosuand w= 3x? 2x Dyy = Dyy-Dgt = (sin u)(6x-2) (6x—2)sin(3x? -2x) 13. y=u and w= cosx Dyy= Duy Dy = (3u?)(-sinx) in v, andy = 3x? Dyy-Dyu-Dyy = (4 Yoos vX6x) = 24xsin® (3x7) cos(3x") 4 1. Dyy = Dyy- Dye (= Dg (e+) -G+D,(e=1) ene Gu’): ei CTF Section 3.5 113(roy? (x-n? (28 Dyy=Dyy-Dyu (2-2) 2 os wand w= 1» x42 2D, (3x?) = 3x?) Dx +2) Day = Day-Dau =(sin ay 2 DPGPIBE YD 42) (+2)? o( 25 Jesnen-cehon 2 BPH Gf ae (42? GaP 8 (= 9D,(0? (3u? (sin v): (ea? 19. Del3x-2°B-x7)?} = Bx~2)? 3-27)? +3- 3x ~2)?(23~ x7 )(-2x) + 3-27)? (2V3x 243) = 23x = 23-27 )[Gx=2)(-2x) + (3 = x7)@)] = 2Gx-2)3-17)94 4x93?) 20, Dy{(2~3x2)"(x7 +39] = (2-322) Dg la? #3)? +27 +3)? Dy Q—3x2)* = (2-322) 827 +397 146) + (27 +3) (2-32 P64) = 3x32? ~ 29°27 +37 2947 145 +24) ue (aoe H+ WP DGE—4) _ Ox= AONE = (4 97) _ 34? B= a ee Gx-4 Gra Get DGx-N) (Gx-4)* 22, pg] 2823, = ee Delee=3)- x - 9D (2? +4)? (x 44? (era (e+ay* (reap 2B. (esp (* 7 a (¢43)3)-Gr-20) =3f (910) 1-20) 2 (3) (5) SHAD (5? -9) (5? = Dyl5+4) _ (+ 9128) ~U8 24. D, (ray e+4y? 114 Section 3.5 Instructor's Resource Manual) _ +5) D,Gr- 27 -Gr- 27 e+ 5) «sy 2% af 5 _ (61+ 47)G¢~2)? os 26. Do(sin® 8) =3sin? 6 cos sinx y . (ees {cos 2x)D, (sin x) - (sin x)D, (cos 2x) n. 0, _ FA sinx ii cosxcos2x+2sinxsin2x _ 3sin? xcos xcos2x+6sin? xsin2x cos2s, cos? 2x 0s? 2x cos* 2x (sin? x)(c0s xe0s 2x + 2sin. e052 x) cos! 2x 28, Dyfsinetan( +1))=sine D,ftan(?? +1)]+tan(e? +D, (sine) = (sin )[sec?(¢? +1)](20) + tan(e? +1) cost = 2esinssec?(e? +1) +c0s¢ tan(¢? +1) Ber et Y (+ 29D? +1) (0? +), (142) SN Gry a3 xt +l y ox? +4x—x? 3x2 +1)? (0? #4x-1) x+2 (x42? (x42) F)=96 30. GW=( +99 DP -2)8 +P - 2) DF 499? =(F +9P ANE - IP AN+(P -28 BNE +9° 2D TP +3002 +97? ~27 3. F'()=Scos5 = 1.4183 32. g'(s) =(cosns)D, (sin? ns) + (sin? ns)D, (cos ns) = (Cos s)(2sin n5)(cos ns\(n) +(sin? ns}(-sin 2s)(n) = nsins(2cos? ne ~ sin? xs] 33. Dgfsin*(x? +3x)) = Asin? (x? +3x)D, sin(x? +3x) = 4sin®(x? +3x)cos(x? +3x)D, (x7 +3x) = Asin? (x? +3x)cos(x? +3x)(2x-+3) = 4(2x-+3)sin?(x? +3x)c0s(x? +32) 34, Dyfoos*(4r—19)] = Scos4(4r—19)D, cos(4¢—19) = Seos* (41 ~19)f-sin(4r -19)]D,(4t~19) = ~Scos*(4r~19)sin(4r—19)(4) = ~20cos4 (41 ~19)sinC4r ~19) 35, _Dy[sin3(cos1)] = 3sin?(cose)D, sin(cos®) = 3sin? cos) cos(cost)D, (cos!) = 3sin?(cos1)cos(coss(-sins), = ~3sinesin? (cost) eos(cost) Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3,5 1157 os (#2) wt) = DD us =u DD yu=D _ wl wy wi? Dp cos(sin6*) = 4c0s*(sin 6? ){-sin(sin 8” Dp 80 00s" sind*)sin(sin8? eosO) = 405*(si 37. Daleos' (sind? = ~Ae0s3 (sin 8?) sin(sin 0? cos? )Dy (0?) 38, Dlexsin®(2x)] = xD, sin? (2x) +sin?(23)D,x_ = s12sin(2x)Dy sn(23))-+5in? (28H) sin(2x)cos(2x)D, (2s)]+sin?(2x) = s{4sin(2s)cos(2x)]-+sin?(2x) = 2xsin(4x)+sin?(2x) 39, Dgtsin{cos(sin 2x)}} = cosfcos(sin 2x)]D, cos(sin 2x) = cos{cos(sin 2x)][~sin(sin 2x)}D, (sin 2x) ~cos{cos(sin 2x)}sin(sin 2xy(c0s 2x)D, (2x) = -2cosfcos(sin 2x)]sin(sin 2xe0s 2x) 40. D, {c0s?[cos(cos1)]} = 2cos[cos(coss)]D, cos[cos(cost)] = 2cos{cos(cos:)]{~sinfcos(cos.))}D, cos(coss) -2e0s{e0s{cos1)}sinfeos(cos.)][-sin(eost)]D, (cost) = 2eos{eos(cos/)Jsinfecos(eos/)]sin(cos1)(~sin) 2sinscos{cos(cos*)]sinfcos(coss)]sin(cos’) = (2 +P QV +N?) + (4 #1F VE? #2) AM, yy =(x? +1 Dea +1? + (a4 +07 Dy 3 (x7 1) (x4 41) + Gale? + NC 4? ALE = 1 mg = 224 ‘Tangent line: y— 32 = 224(x~ 1) ae 2 Qa (3) (2) -) (= 105? 21+ sin? 2 a) U7 4 7 b. Lay(x—0F +-07 =e +)? = Ylacos29? +7sin 247 = Vicos? 27+ 49sin® 2 6 Dy = 7 (16 cos? 21+ 49sin? 2 = S28 D (082) + BSN DLC 2i6cos? 21+ 49sin? 2r 2Vi6cos? 21+ 49 sin? 2¢ __ ~babcos 2r sin 2r+196sin 260 6sin4 + 49sin4y 33sinse 2Vi6cos? 2¢+49sin? 2r [cos?21+49sin? 2r Vi6cos? 21+ 49sin? 2r x 3 Atr=2: rate=$ 7 258 tise 8 f6-4+49-1 43. a, (Icos8a1.10sin 820) b. (O-cos2y? +(y=sin21)? = 5%, s0 b. _D,(IOsin8xt) = 10cos(8n1)D, (8x1) y=sin2r+.V25~cos? 2r costa) Atr= I: rate = 80x = 251 em’s ep, {sin2r+ V25~c08?2r) Pisrising at the rate of 251 em. : daa. os2ein29 west scr -r00(1- 222] Tino 116 Section 3.5 Instructor's Resource Manual45, 60 revolutions per minute is 120 radians per ‘minute or 2 radians per second. a. (cos2nr,sin 2a) b. (0-cos2a)? +(y-sin 2a? y=sin2ne + V25~cos? 2at 6. D,{sinanr + f2s~cos? ar) = 2ncos 2x1 Arcos 2ntsin 2x0 voz 4e[rol ro Let fg be the time when r=6. Vi) = 42-6 0.75 =1087 cm? /sec 4. VO, (ro? 0 oan winy? an 2 Lavy”? 3. Ce) a Let fg be the time when F = 60 (ro? x Instructor's Resource Manual - LLG SO = = El cosr= cotsfing| = 9S) -( 5) -( set) eemrcapatee xtl “Geil b. DL(cos* x) = see* xD, (cos* x) ect x( 40s? x)Dz(cosx) =Asec! reos? x(-sin.x) ~4seexsins =—dtan “SSS SLFOY-LFLOY-F(0) =2-2-2-2=16 - Let g(x) = =x. 50 g'(x) =-1 Suppose fx) is odd. Then ~fix) =f =g(8)). Take the derivative of both sides. =F) = fF (eUaNig'(2), 50 =f) =F Cx) orf (3) = "C8. Thus, the derivative is an even function. ‘Suppose f(x) is even. Then fix) = flg(x)). Take the derivative of both sides. f’(x) = f'(g(x))2'(x), so '(x)=-f'(-2). Thus, the derivative is an odd function. SED= FED =a) fla) is od then ~f'@3)=—f'(2) is even Ufa) is even, then =f'(-8) = f(x) is odd. fix) = sin(sin(sin(sin x))) Od function Sex) = sinfsin(sin(sin=2))) Section 3.5 117Even; the derivative of an odd function is even. ce. Largest value of x) = 0.678 Largest value of [/"(x)] 54. f(d)=cos(? -3) 3.6 Concepts Review . wd 1. Increment; ‘nde 2 Ser dt Problem Set 3.6 1. ay=[3(1.5) +2} (3) +2)= 1.5 2 2. Ay =[3(0.1)? +2(0.1) + 1] -[3(0.0)? + 2(0.0) +1] =023 3 13441 3 = 0.0081 4. dy =cos{2(0.573)]-cos[2(0.571)] = 0.0036” 118 Section 3.6 Even funetion LEH = cos{(-1)? ~3-0] = cos[-F +31) = cos[-4r? -39)) = cos(t? -31) ae ‘The derivative of an even function is odd, cc. Largest value of = 1 4. Largest value of |/'(0)| = 8.53 Bede) oes ae lim (2x4 Ax) = 2x aro by _[orrdo? Hx an? (2-304) ae Bx Art 3x(Ar)? = 6xbx—3(Ax)* +40 ar =3x7 + 3xAr-6x—3A0+ (Ax? 4 g lim (3x? +3xAx~ 6x —3Ar+(Ax)?) arn 23x? 6x. a oy _ pas 35 ar ar 7 ssitsasel) 1 ‘(Exel ae “Gras ata L Grae Dae) Instructor's Resource Manualx(eranjay xt +Ax) £. ia (- ) dx rv0\ x(x + Ax), (2u)(cos x) = 2sin xeosx = sin2x KO) = (D0) Ge ae) are) 2 10. sin LL y= tanwand w= DD de ec? uy(ax) = 2xs0e?(x? x dud ¢ 2x) see" (x") 12, ? and u=tanx By Bd (auy(c0c? x) = 2tan sec? x BBE = (20sec?) 2 13, on 2 ayy 08922) =? + sina) cos? semesters) 47 41 Qxcosx+ sin x +x? sinx) - cos? x 14, andu = (x? + N)sinx 2 \[(? +1)(cos x) + (sin x)(2x) BBM § (2 (2 + e083) + 6in3}29)] =[(x? +1)sin x}? Ga? cosx + 3c0s.x+ 6xsin x) us. Ze, sin? x-£ fosts?)) = cos(x?)2sin xeosx+sin? x{-sin(x?)](2x) = sin 2xcos(x?)-2xsin? xsin(x?) Instructor’s Resource Manual fe 2. Atti? 204-2 208 Lot + wae _ et eM? +2912 429-68 4201842) - (ay Peas’ +30? +2) we B 1 u=sinyyand vex? $3 v de = Asin (x? +3)coslx? +3)2) = 8xsin3(x? + 3)cos(x7 +3) ud > BBW easy dx du dv de oan = Bxcos{(x? +3)*]? +3) 2 20, y=P r= sinus ay _ ay ae du do de di dudvdw de = (21)(cosuy2vy-sin wH22) Bx sin(cos”(x7))oos(cos?(x7)\cos(x* )tsin(x”)) 8x c0s(x*)sin(x*)sin(cos?(x"))cos(cos? (x?) cos wand w= x7 21, 4 (sin? + cos») =3sin? ost + 3c05? (sins) a = Hsin? scost—sinscos? 1) a 22, Lys? +33 -(7 +37] (5? +3)9(28) = (-3)65? +3)42s) = 6sf(s? +3)? +67 +3] Section 3.6 11923, m4, 25, 26. 28, 29, 120 D,{n(r-+3)? ~3nr(r+2)?] 2n(r + 3Y(1) = [3ur(2\r +2) + (r+2)?Bx)} = 2nr+6n—6nr? ~12nr —3nr? — 12a — 12 nr? ~ 22nr—6n Dylu? + 3u) = 3u? Dyu + 3Dyu = HP) (21) +3021) = 60 + 6 3 seea{xe2) freee] cos(t? (cos 31)(3) + (sin 3¢)[-sin(t?\24)] cost? )(e0s 32) — 2rsin(s? sin 30) FO a (f+e@)=f@+e¢ Bo1+ eA) =-5 bd. U-8@)=fB8'O)+8AS'O) = QX4)+ BE =-1L = 8OLG)-/3)2'0) © U/e@)= ue #Q) _ QED =K4) _S oy 9 a (22)G)=S'O))-8'G) =S'8)-8'B)= CDA) =4 a Lye? ase se) Atx= 2, ISP LQ) = 34)? (-2) = -96 » 4 f 3] £010 -3/'@) __3/'@) aL fO), Le) Fe) Ate, 3£@) 302) _3 £Q) (ay & Fe N@=SYMLA=/AFea = (6)(-2)=-12 a (f+ay(4= ste) wtyder 2 Section 3.6 30, 2. 33, bv. FesyO= S86) “(2)e'(6) = (YD = 1 S'Q)~ fAe'2) a Usa uu #7Q) =X) _ | a? bee NO=VENO) , 2 o3 re-(3Jo 3 . a, V ==? where sis the length of an edge of ae the cube, 4 =16 m/min. a Wd A BF WMS (35216) = 485? cm? fein F= TE = (35716) = 485? emf When s= 20, a 2 3 a 9,200 em? /min ay 7 8207 =19, i b. A= 6s%om?, T= BE =(125)16) = 19280m? fin aa = 192(15) = 2880¢m*/min a D=Y(200? +120 = V400? +1440? = 5440? = 1/544 D, (1548) = V544 += 6 hours BaP aysinc?yoo(s?V(28) + Desi?) = 42 sina?) costa?) + 2xsin? (2) : ‘The line intersects the x-axis when = 23.3 mph ate 3 and Tangentline: y= —E2Vmx—n 2 Favinx in 4 Instructor's Resource Manual34. 35. 36. 31. ‘The minute hand makes | revolution every hour, $0 at minutes after the hour, it makes an angle of & radians with the venieal. By the Law of 89) = FFLSLOM FUFM LUD- LE) B= SSS SSLSOD LLY LOV =f CLS SOD Sa SOD) =SUa) fa Sed Se) = Sera) =U sev! 8) =F SSS FSS SSS C2) =SSSEM- LTE SE) F'2) =SSEDS SL) SF Ca) SEM CS S62) = LEIS CD? fO+h)~ FO) b. f(O)= fim FO yk #sink—o = lim 4 = tim hsind =0 oh 6. f'(2) is discontinuous at x= 0 because lim (x) does not exist. lim 2xsin4 =0 a) oy but cos oscillates between —1 and | increasingly rapidly as x —+ 0. The minute hand makes | revolution every hour, so at rminutes after noon it makes an angle of radians with the vertical. Simitarly, at minutes after noon the hour hand makes an angle of = with the vertical, Thus, by the Law o fap With the verti by the Law of Cosines, the distance between the tips of the hands is Instructor's Resource Manual 38. ‘At 12:15, the string is stretching atthe rate of 3 32-2e083 32 sso? -2-6.860{ #2) 50” 360 0.38 inJmin 2aasin From Problem 37, 4 «=e 360 a 15100 -96cos Uist Using a computer algebra system or graphing. ds ds utility 10 view © foroer< 60, & is argest - dt einen when 1 = 7.5. Thus, the distance between the tips of the hands is inereasing most rapidly at about 12.08, Section 3.6 1210. ese 3) » 2A pysem sue Foo BQ), de = D,( F(a") =F LEO) Sp = £00, ((e129"") =f ey-4 flay a +(g0)"'Df() = £2) gD, gla) a +g)! D,S) EI SLSLEM LLFEW = FN EY” Dg) SION F) +(e DS) =f FEY _ =fO)D, 800) , DSC) “cp eayy- th ea)” se) LLM) EI) =f (3) , (3) DS) =f ay Le ate) als) oral LIP. 8) , BPS) Conjecture: (x) ee) @ tee. py leiiygyy ety = 8@)D,S(2)- OD, gt) BIO PI BI 8) Proof Applying the chain rule gives 4 pa : 4 potty 4 peptlee 40. EIS FMSO gfe BIG) nara =i 4 Mee SY EMO SIMONE IM 3.7 Concepts Review A 2 1. 7), Dey a as tt ta 3. 0:<0 3. 4. positives negative Problem Set 3.7 dy a2 1, Ba3x? 46x46 ae ay a i 4. Bosa-sutes)= 2508-50 © yo sae $- 50-59)*¢5)=-2503-50) ? 2 bt £2 10013-50998) = 5003-52)? wy 6 ae + Sy = #150003 -51)2(-5) = -7500(3 -5x)? a 122 Section 3.7 Instructor's Resource Manual# a re0s(0x 5. B—roos(t) ay 32 See sins) fy p LY «7 cos(72)=-B43cox(72) - ay 6 Za 3x7 cos(x*) oY = 5b 32 inte? 3 aa LY oay2 3? sine y} 6400068) = 824 sin(s) + 6xe086°) ae 3 ms = 9x4 cos 12 3x") +s (-362°) + 6x{-sin(}G22)] + 6cos(x) 2-278 cos(x3) - 362? sin(x?) - 18x sin(x3) + 6c0s(x3) = (6-273®)cos(x?) - 5427 sin(x?) 7, &% 2 O-CO) 10, f(x) =15x? +4x 41 a eb} a@y __(e-I@)-Ax-1)__ 2 ac oy ey @y (= )- 23-17] n ae (x0 6 co =293)-GN)__3 de (=x? @y a (S—uN4u)—(2u? (1) _ 200 — ay =? O)-920-1)) . (6-uy? ae pF «- (S-w)? (20-4) Py (= O)-6Nx-1? a 08 __100 __18 “C-u> =)" ” 100 _ 100 Ca LQ) 9. fa)= 2x fE)=2SO)=2 13. f'(0)=-2(cosxy(-sindn)x = 2n(c0s 6x) (sin Or) ‘S"(8) = 2n{(cos Ox)" (cos x) + (sin Ox)(~3)(cos 6x) (~sinOx)(n)] = 2n?[(cos On)? + 3sin? Ox(cos On)~*] Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.7 1231M. 15, f'(s)= 5(3)1-3? (25) + (1-57)? = 652-5?) 4-5? = 758 +1594 95? +1 S's) = ~A2s +605? — 185 SQ) = -900 a+) (x41? x 16. soy= ENED ta) 2x-3 (0) = <2)? -21-3)Ax-1) _ = W-2)-(0? -2x-9D)__8 Gp Gp Gy (n= IY(n=2)x"> a(n Nn 2)(n—3)x™* i Be f'(x) = 3x? #6x-45 = 3x4 5r-3) Dyl(x") = nln 2)(4 3) DDE 3x + 5x-3) = 0 DEA") = nln =2(4-3)..20)2° ; 18, Letk. 24, a. 25. a. >. 12-4150 are? 163; (2.3) 2-4r<0 123: Bx) a{))= 4 <0 forall 3° -121>0 31(¢~ 4) > 0; (-2,0)U(4.20) 3 -121< 0. (0.4) 61-12<0 6r< 12 #52: (00,2) 3? -181424>0 3(¢- 21-4) > 0 (2.2) (4,00) 30? 18 +24.<0 24) 6r-18<0 6r< 18 13; (9,3) Instructor's Resource Manual a. 67 -6>0 6+ I= 1)>0 (2.-Du (1,2) 6? -6<0 CLD 12<0 1<0 ‘The acceleration is negative for negative t >0; (2,0) 16 21-73 <0: (0.2) 32 24 <0 20432 2 negative for any positive <0; The acceleration is not Section 3.7 1254 e IF ate approaching £. & isconstant a a dt tank, k isa constant, <0, Vis the volume of water in the Instructor's Resource Manual 4 a b. £ 4, a, Hyak mba £0 nt te wire iv ifaion : co, HB 50 ndenie2: Lo. a ae dt thee ith rice aT er ia 1 o.2T co, ute Tisbavits seupecte 9. 2C 50, where Cis he cars cost le 2 Ae) is oil consumption at time « ; eo #hso eat 2 2042 co, where Pis world a ae population. 40, #0 Gr? GPO. where is the angle that ‘the tower makes with the vertical P= fois profit at time t. 2 # oth 0.5 F>0, (1983) = 0.36 Section3.7 1274B. Dy (wv) wv" +'v D3(w) = wv" +u'v' uv tury w" + 2u'y! buy D3 (uv) =v" +u'v" + 2(u'v" eu!) +u"v' euy su" +3u'v" +3u'v Diu») = E(Jortwotm i oom Dtetsna)-()oteyofeinn +( Sexe otecinn (3) otcr0% an 4) pty 1) 0 0¢.4 DN sin x (Jae pwreinay (ote Dz (sin x) = 2sin x +96xc0s.x— 72x? sin x ~16x° cosx+x4 sinx 4. 3.8 Concepts Review 1 5. » aay Pde DY 2 aay? Y 42 . ay) Lay? ay? BB a3 3. xa Bay? sy BE 6 4. 2yrlet 3 2 5x)? 2x-5) o 3 Problem Set 3.8 : 1. 2yDyy-2x=0 Dy= 2% yy 2. 1ex48yD,y=0 sy Day ‘ Br 8y ox ay 128 Section 3.8 45. a. 13) = -1,2826 b.£7(2.13)= 0.0271 2x+2a7yDyy= Dyy=- x ray x02y)Dyy 43? =1 as By Dey 2x42x°D,y+4ry+3xDqy 439 =0 D,y(2x? +3x) = -2x—4ay-3y -2x-49-3y Dy 2x 43x 12a? + 72(2y)Dzy +19? = 6)" D,y 12x? + Ty? =6y*D,y- 4D, 12 +79 Dyas 6)? ~ Lay 2 Dyy + Day = y? +x2y)Dxy 2 D,y-2yD,y=y -2ay Instructor's Resource Manual1 % (Sx Dyy+5y)+2D,y 2 OP = 2yDyy+xBy" Dt 7? St py +2D,y~2y Dy Say" Dey iw sy . aps 2 2y-3y? Big 22 1 0. she ys fyri=xDy+y fe zis ” X_ py-xD,y=y-Vyel 2yytl Z -fyat D,y= 2 11, xDyy+y-+eosho\xDey+y)=0 x Dy + x003(3y)Dzy = -¥-¥e0s(29) cos(ay) __ x+xc0s(xy) - Dyy= 12, sin ay? 21 Dzy+ y")=2yD,y+1 = 2aysin(oy? )Dyy-2y Dey = 1+ ¥? siny?) Ly? sin(ay?) © Baysin(ay?)-2y ey 1. Py s3eyey 43y?y'=0 YOR +397) = Bry peavey Pain? Tangent ine: y-3=-2(e—0) 14, 2 Q2y)y'+2ay? +4ay' +4y=12y" yQxty+4x-12)=-2? —4y 2y?-4y__ 2 -2y Detye4x—12 aty+2e-6 AL 1), Y=? Tangent line: y—1= -2(2-2) Instructor's Resource Manual 18, costay)(xy'+ y) = y’ ¥[xcos(xy)~ 1] = ~yeostay) veost) _ _yeostn) Feosty)=1 T= x00s(e9) a ($3) yro ‘Tangent line: y 16, y+[-sin(ay?)IL2a09" + 9°} +6x = 0 YU 2xy'sinay?)] = y? sing?) ~ 6x ? sin(xy”) 2aysin(xy?) 6 ALCL.) + ". 18, 9. Section 3.8 129Lot tex +14 (2) = afax+y & bg ay 4 2, Belay? 4 ?4(6x- en gO HN) 6x~4 3x-2 ar -4n? 24{Gx?-4n? ay ax na, BaD? 249? xt 2) 25, BIS faa) (0 #20? Gx? +2) t St 0c080) avs? +sinx 2x+cosx 2x? 4+sinx nn & a 28. 4 wesinx)-¥3 29, Pa Fle? sing") (2? sin xy 4”? (2? cosx+2xsin x) 2? cosx+2xsinx 3 sin)" 314 l 1. Da Lresin 52)" (cos52)(5) 30, B= E14 sins *(60552915) ScosSx 4¥{(+sinsx? 130 Section 3.8 a 32. 33. 34 38. C2 a +4 a dy y ‘The tangent line at (29, yp) has equation 2x4 4+2y! Soe aca (e = se) which eorolifics % 2xq = yp — 24 — xy + yo? 4x0" (x9. %0) is on the citele, x9? + yp) 0 the equation of the tangent line is “390 ~249 ~24~ 289 Since 4%. Instructor's Resource ManualIf (0, 0) is on the tangent line, then x 2 Solve for yo in the equation of the circle to get 3 yy =#°3, purses values nt the equation of the tangent line to get that the tangent lines are Vy+1=0 and Viy-x=0. 36. 16(x? + y?)(2x+2yy’) = 100(2x-2yy') 32x) +322 yy! + 32a? + 32y2y' = 200x— 2009" YAP y + 4y2 +25y)= 251-49 day? Sx- 4-4? ity dy) +25y ‘The slope of the normal line _ Ady say? +25y 4x 4x? 25x 65_13 At(3, 1), slope = = 2 G.D, slope ==> Normal line: y 37a, ay’tys3y?y! say Gaye 3 ry oy “rey (re3y?? dy (43)? . zy Geay?y Instructor's Resource Manual 6x-8Oy"+(y})=0 4827-934 way 39. (x2 y'42xy)-12y?y' =0 2x? y’-12y?y' = tay, dy oy? 2x2 y+ Day’ + 2ay'+2y)=1[y?y" + 2y'P]=0 aty -12y8y" = Bey 4y +240"? 16x2, taxty+48x2y? =P ny -6x4y- 242? ry -6r4y— 242 -rP y¥'Qx -12y7) yy? =?) 40, yy 2 vey, AUG, 4), y= Section 3.8 13141. 2. 8. 4 132 3x2 4397)" =300'+ >) Gy? -3x) =3y 3x7 Slope of the normal line is 1. ‘This line includes the point (0, 0). wy'ty=0 2x-2yy' 20 yee og ‘The slopes ofthe tangents are negative reciprocals, so the hyperbolas intersect at right angles. Inmpliitly differentiate the first equation. 4x42yy"=0 Solve forthe points of intersection at e4r=6 2x? +2x-3)=0 (+3) eke x=-3 is extrncous, and y = -2, 2 when. “The graphs intersect at (1, ~2) and (1,2). ALCL =2): m= lam AU(. 2m (reget xP -2xe141-¥ 1 2 Points of intersection: Section 3.8 48, 46, Implicity differentiate the first equation. 2x+2yy"=0 (24) ay-x Ata): m = 2m = tan = 22 22:6 = ne tan“!(-2) = 2.034 1+@Q) ‘The equation is mv? —m = —he? Difereniate implicitly with respect 010 get a onde amy = -ake, since aa ds © this simptiies dt kev ot m& at Instructor's Resource Manual47, xP ayy? =16, when y= 0, ‘The tangent line is vertical at (2,1). “The ellipse intersects the x-axis at (-4, 0) and a (4.0) 49. 2429 a0 2x-xy'-y#2yy"=0 eee ay Xo Yo hhence the equation of the tangent line is ‘The tangent line at (x9, ¥9) has slope ~ yo yor 49 (x59) which simplifies» % Aa 2fe+4) andy = 24-4) 390 +219 ~(39" +30") =0 OF 390 + since (4p. yp) is on x? +9? =1.1F(1.25, i, & 2429 H-2- pH ‘on the tangent line through (xp. Yo) , x = 0.8. yy % 2 Put this into 2? + Tangent lines: 1 10 get yo = 0.6 since a Gen vada ‘yp > 0. The line is 6y + 8x = 10, When x =-2, ae 29-2 y=! sels ms 2 sisi 4 dn-y y= £0 if x(2y-x)=0, which occurs 2xy-y when x=0 or y=. There are no points on yon’ Cd where x=0.1f y=, then 2 yeh 22 Ta 3.9 Concepts Review aay 2 vada depo 3a a Haag th 2, 400 mifar 2 a a When r=3, 3 = 4n(3)? ‘3, negative oe tay dt 20.027 inds 4. negative; positive 1egative; posit oe Problem Set 3.9 When x= 12, g = 3(12)?(3) = 1296 ins = 392 mish. Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.9 1333h = ~4000 + 31,250 = 94,175 82M. v em 10 (The height is decreasing due tothe spreading of 2 ee the ol rather than th bacteria) BY 9 3h ane (is) +a dv _ Suk? dh ai 100" de 9n(5)? ah When a= 5, 3=25G) 100° dr BA 0.42 cms an x+300)? +»? & - 304 Pare as ae as = 2604300) 4 2y 2 dt : 7 2 ay +300) 2 + yD (+30 F+y% 100VI3 , so 200V13 & = (300+:300,300) + 400(400) When x= 300, y= 400, s= 4547 mim a ay 6 +07: 2 a2 , ya 1 101) = 0422” 240 dy a dt ry Pare as dt dt = - 16005 When y=25.x = 229.50 a NG oye 25 . 40 = 160(3) dtoxdr 229 dt a === fis de a 12 ee a1 a ay 0-212 y2y% 2 di oa Whenx=5, y= 57S = 505. so dy _xde 5 aq =-0258 Ws aya 3s ‘The top of the ladders moving down at ose hs 13. Whene=au, 4 When f= 0.001 = 1018 in and 4 }000(-4) -1,000,000(62.57\-0.0005) 134 Section 3.9 Instructor's Resource Manualee a ay ar x2 (+s)? S = 30, Ly 2¢y4 40) 4 2¢y+ 48) 2 ca 4 +(y+49)2 eae =3(24)= 72, 10(30) + (72+ 48124) 37.2 knots/h ar 150 15, Letxbe the distance from the beam (o the point ‘opposite the lighthouse and Obe the angle between the beam and the line from the lighthouse to the point opposite. 16. ae sect l(t) (7322)? ar © 2(70)| 4000 = =1740 fs oF 1186 mith ‘The plane's ground speed is 1186 mi/h. 17, a. Let xbe the distance along the ground from the light pole to Chris. and let s be the distance from Chris tothe tip of his shadow, By similar wiangles, $= 22, 0 s=% ds_lde de at Baa tus, nen nea ade “ #5) sys n0 matter how far from the light a2 pole Chris is. b. Let /= xs. then a Instructor's Resource Manual e.The angular rate at which Chris must lift his head to follow his shadow is the same as the rate at which the angle that the fight makes ‘with the ground is decreasing. Let @be the angle that the light makes with the ground at the tip of Chris’ shadow. tana =5 0 sec? 9 2 nd 5 ar dO bcos? ds ds a td 4 2 ao, (é) ()--4 ad 2 (2. Chris mast it his head athe rte of 1 = rads. 24 18, Let Obe the measure of the vertex angle. a be the ‘measure of the equal sides, and b be the measure ofthe base. Observe that 6 = 2asin® and the asing wih feng aoe om (100) sino = s000sing: 22 = ar Ja?sind 2 dA a 40 500005022 Oat = 4 - so0{ cost) 5) = 25005 = 433 em? /min. When @ 19, Letp be the point on the bridge directly above the railroad tracks. If ais the distance between p 2 66 fs. If / is the and the automobile, then a distance between the train and the point directly below p, then a. 88 {Us. The distance from the it train to pis Vi00® +7? while the distance from ‘po the automobile is a. The distance between the train and automobile is De «(voor = Va? +P +1007. Bt (afta) ad aabsP aio? \ dt de Section 3.9 135a sidl 23. PV=k aug eI . Afier 10 seconds, a= Tea aioge ON e piv Zo a a 880.0 ee 2 soccer ttt) =110 fs. Atr=6.5, P= 67, ae ¥=300 {1 660? +880? + 100° dv _ VadP a — (-30) = 134 in3/min 1 dt Pd oy aa tha? +ab+B*):a= 20,6 3 B(pes i ie 2 vent(r-4) vj m0steanet soho) v=? (20 I 2 {1200841512 +! Ca © coment i aii 3h?) dh #1 of 2000304424 |e :00 a terme oon av When b= 30 and © = 2000, 7 AO RLS) AOS)? K-3) 7 Webster Cty residents used water atthe rate of 1 615) dh _3025n dh 2000= 1 {1200-900 925) 2 3 ah _ 320 25, Assuming thatthe tank is now in the shape of an Ge Tan Ot oii upper hemisphere with radius r, we again let be the numberof hours past midnight and h be the af ela height ofthe water atime r. The volume, V, of 2. Vea [r ed Arak water inthe ank a that ume is given by 23 Fe py? 3 . 122 ee 2 ¢rwP (arb Veo? 2B git 2 a3 Crh) 16000 av dh so dh and so ¥ = (20-Ay? (40+h) ie ead fiom which ah 2 wv dh an ah When SA t16x0)- 707) #201? 4. 20-n(40+nyH a a OG ty CO N40) ah 2 w 422. 0016 tr 27, Hn -5252 =~ oS anre7, Fa s5n = 1649 5 ‘Thus Webster City residents were sing water at 22, s? =a? +b? -2abcos; the rate of 2400 +1649 = 4049 cubic feet per 2 hour at 7:00 A.M. ans.bn4, Boy at 41-40c080 26, The amount of water used by Webster City can be found b osino ¥ usage = beginning amount + added amount ands = Vai, so ~ remaining amount sos( 2)(H) = 2228 Thus the usage is ds = (20)? (9) + 2400(12) - (20)*(10.5) = 26,915 A? Sais inte over the 12 hour perio, 136 Section 3.9 Instructor's Resource Manual11a, Leste ted fom etoren sideline eof ilar indo 2 We Lay be the height ofthe opposite end of the adder. By similar wiangles, 2 18 6. th, so y= Visser vias+ dy 216 _y,dx_ 26rd ae 3Qade 2 de aan ey? dy ___216(4V3) When the ladder makes an angle of 60° with the ground, x= 43 and & = -— as (44448? dy _a(___2166 2) “( 26. je 26ers Garey? ar)” a Casey? Jar Garey? a? ay _|-tsases 27? ges r16s( aa Fong Jae ar (sae? ar 216144 + 3?) + 64827 (*) 4327 -31.104/ de? Oat 2 Lar) aan a When the ladder makes an angle of 60° with the ground, By _432-48-31,108 de (144 +48)°7? (2)? = 0.08 fus? © sant ‘water in the tank is a 4 (1p v =8nh? = onl — 303 (3) a 2 we on ie rE Beams dt 12hx de vines, hash ¢2ye-t018 te # est a Penh gg) = 0018 This isthe sume asin Problem 21,50 is again -0.016 fbr. b, Ifthe ball has radius 2, and the height of the water in the tank is A feet with? shks3, the part of the ball in the water has volume +4) (6-iKr $0) nn [2 3 3 Kane?) = an ‘The volume of water in the tank is a ar 2m (6-APn_ p> wey vent? COO = gre a Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.9 137. Ifthe original volume was Mo. the volume 8 after | hour is © ¥. The original radius fe ne si s was y= 2% hile te rats ater 1 hour is 9 dr a 1. Since Fis 2 aR 3 cos, a ih Te sob 3 will take 3 hours to melt completely. 30. Let P be the point on the ground where the ball hits. Then the distance from P to the bottom of the light pole is 10 ft. Let s be the distance between P and the shadow of the ball, The height of the ball seconds after itis dropped is 64-167? By similar triangles, —48__- 10*8 on16? Ss 2 (orr> 9,30 s= 2 ds _ 2001-1?) ~ (101? ~ 40) 60r a ey ary 120 “The ball its the ground when 1=2, 2 a9 The sadowis aig 226339 31. Let/ be the distance along the ground from the brother to the tip ofthe shadow. The shadow is 3.10 Concepts Review 1 s(adr 2 andy 3. Axis small, 4. larger : smaller Problem Set 3.10 1. dy=Qet dr 2 dy= (21x? +6x)de 138 Section 3.10 3. 1. dy= eee ia - Again using similar triangles. this occurs coy tt sling win = the tip of the shadow when y > 40 and the boy controls it when y < 40. Let x be the distance along the ground from the ‘i a light pole tothe giet. & = -4 ight pol sit. 3 4 Wheny 2 40, 22 yy ee y yor) x= 30 when y= 40, Thus, When y<40, 22 4 itxz30 3 20 Bieta) ite<30 and 4a ey a [3a te” at 20d ite 30 iV ar Hence, the tip ofthe shadow is moving atthe rate 6 of $(4)=15 fs when the git is at lest 30 fet from the light pole, and itis moving 20 7 2 sy shen gis es an 28 fom ae dy = ~A(2x+ 3) Q)de = -8(2 +3) Sd dy = 2322 4x41) (6x4 Dde 264 GP 4x41) de dy = 3(sin.x+.c0sx)* (cos sin x)de y= San x+1)?(see? aide 3sec? x(tan.x+1)?de dat 32-19? (14r43)de (4x43)? 432-17 Pde Instructor's Resource Manual8 dy=26! Vena Mt0r +7 (cos 212d cose =y 10 + Ste 2! + Jen bde (ne SE} 9 dex 3(P cotr+2)"9(21 esc? dt 2r-+ese? ir? ~cote + 2dr 10, a. dy =3x2dx = H0.5)"(1) = 0.75 be dy =3x%dr =3(-1)°(0.75) = 2.25 2, 13. 14. a ay =(1.5)-(0.5) =3.25 b. dy=(-0.25) - C1) =0.984375 Instructor's Resource Manual 16, ro 19, 20. 21. 22, 23. a dy =[25) -3]-12) -3 dy= 2xdx = 2(2)(0.5) = 2 b. Ay =[(2.88)? -3]-[G)? -3]=-0.7056 dy = 2xdx = 2(3)-0.12) = -0, a by =(()* +2G)]-[2)* + 22)]=67 y= (40 +2)de = (402) +20) b. Ay =[(2.005)* + 2(2.005)]-[(2)* +202) 1706 (4x? +2)de = (4(2)° +2\0.005) (403 = /400 + dy = 20+ 0.08 = 20.05 1 92 VR: dy = ede, x = 36,de=-0.1 ay nie 1) = 0.0083 359 = J36 + dy 0.0083 = 5.9917 x=27,de=-0.09 1 ae 3¥a7? VIE = VT + dy =3- (-0.09) = ~0.0033 .0033 = 2.9967 VS wPir=5,dr=0.125 4n(5)?(0.125) = 39.27 cm? ve YAO, de = 0.5 AV =3x7de = 3VA0)?(0.5) = 17.54 ind mir =6f= Tin, dr=-03 dV = 4nrdr in(72)?(-0.3) = ~19,543 4.2 v = 4.5(72)) -19,543 5772) 51,543,915 in? = 893 £9 Section 3.10 13924, ir = 6ft = T2in..dr = -0.05, ft = 96in, AV = 2nrhdr = 2x(72(96)(-0.05) = ~2171in3 About 9.4 gal of paint are needed. 25, = 21,120,000 ft. dr= (2) = 4 = 12.6 ft Bs ont are gy a 2fe 2 Tat is = 003) = 0.0083 [oe The time change in 24 hours is (0.0083)(60)(60)24) = 717 see 21, Sar = 4 n(10) = 4189 AV = Any? dr = 4x(10)*(0.05) = 62.8 The volume is 4189 # 62.8 em? ‘The absolute error is 62,8 while the relative error is 62.8/4189 = 0.015 or 1.5% 28, V = nh = n(3)°(12) =339 AV = 24nrdr = 24n(3X0.0025} ‘The volume is 339 + 0.565 in3 ‘The absolute error is = 0.565 while the relative error is 0,565/339 = 0.0017 oF 0.17%. 29, s= Va? +b? -2abcos8 fist? +151? -205)aSI)c0s0.53 = 79.097 = 45,602 - 45, 6026050 1 ds= -45,602sino de 2\J45,602—45,602c0s6 22,801sind = 40 [45,602 — 45,602c088 = 22.0 sin 0.53___ (0,005) 0.729 45, 602 ~ 45, 602c0s0.53 579.097 £0,729 em ‘The absolute error is = 0.729 while the relative error is 0.729179.097 = 0,0092 or 0.92% . 0.565 20. Aa absino«Lasiesisinas3 «5760.3 sin 8:0 = 0.53.40 = 0.005 140 Section 3.10 3 33. M. 35. 801 z 0 (cos8)40 (c050.53)(0.005) = 49.18 A= $763.33 £ 49.18 em? The absolute error is = 49.18 while the relative ‘error is 49.18/5763.33 = 0.0085 or 0.85% yada? -2rel hx =2,dr=0.001 dy = (6x ~2ide = (6(2)~ 20.001) = 0.01 a £2.26, sowith ax= 0.001, ae lav-als Lovo. (001)? = 0.000003 . Using the approximation Sle+an)= flay+ fear we let x#1,02and Ar =~0,02. We can rewrite the above form as, L0)> (eran) fae which gives £0.02) = f()~ f(1.02)(-0.02) +=10+12(0.02) = 10.24 =n hetee Vannes Vou? oferta dV = (2002r-+ 407? )dr = (2000n-+ 400n)(0.1) = 240% = 754 em? From similar triangles, the radius at height his 24, Thus, 3 ae 5 4 midh, 3 ‘The ice cube has volume 3? = 27em>, so ther room forthe ice cube without the eup overflowing The percent inrease in mass is 2. Instructor’s Resource Manualv= 0.9¢, dv = 0.02¢ dm ___09¢ mc? -081e? ‘The percent increase in mass is about 9.5 (0.02 36. a f(=Pfe)=2n a= ‘The linear approximation is then La) = 2)+ f'AMe-2) 2 444(x-2)= 40-4 al? ‘The linear approximation is then wo-ee(N (+4) eo U(x) =0+ -2(»-4) = ats Instructor Solutions Manual sinx: A(x) =cosx; @=0 ar approximation is then L(x) =041(x-0)= x m0) be F(x)=3+4; FQ)=3a=3 ‘The linear approximation is then L(x) = 13+ (4-3) = 1343-9 n3r+4 Fay ns 15 is 10) as 38, The linear approximation to f(x) at ais Lex) = Sa) + fax a) =a? +2a(x-a) =2ax-a? Ths, fa)=100)=12 -(200-<) =2ax+a® =a)? 20 Section 3.10 1443.11 Chapter Review Concepts Test 8. ne R ry 14 18. 16. 142 False Troe False: True: Truc: True: False: True: False: True: True: False: True: True: False: If f= f(x) = 3x? and the atx =0 crosses the ccurve at the point of tangency. tangent line y ‘The tangent line can touch the curve at infinitely many points. ‘mag = 4°, which is unique for each value of x ‘Mag = ~Sin x, which is periodic. Ifthe velocity is negative and increasing. the speed is decreasing. Ifthe velocity is negative and decreasing, the speed is increasing, {fthe tangent line is horizontal, the slope must be 0. Sla)= ax? +b, g(x) = ax? +e, bee. Then /"(x)=2ax=g'(x), but fe) * sto. Def(gls))= F(elag'(a): since ae)=x, g0) DS(a() “(ee)). Dgy=0 because # is a constant, not a variable, Theorem 3.2.A ‘The derivative does not exist when the tangent line is vertical. (Fa @= fedg'@)+ 8s) Negative acceleration indicates decreasing velocity If f(z) =P g(x). then Dyfix) = 3 g'(x)+3x7g(x) Fg'(a) +38). Dy =3x7; ALCL, Mag = 0? =3 Tangent ine: y= ee 1) Section 3.11 ra 19. 20. 21. 2 23. 24, 2s. 26. 2. 28, 29, False: True: True: Tre True: True: True: True True: False: False: True: True: Dy = fde's)+ 80S) Diy=fO)g"@)+ ISO +e6)f"@)+ SEW) = foe") 2/'WE)+ HWE The degree of y = (x +x)* is 24,80 Diy =0. Sls) = ax": f(x) = ans"! p, £2). OF) - Sone" a) 8°(x) W)= fOg'a)+ 62) NO)=SOzC)+ KOS) =fle0) + a(e(0) = 0 o(2)=m sinzesin() ah x 2 = tim moh x¥ Dif) = kD? f and Df tg)=Df+ Dg HE)=SO)-8') H(o)= fF (B(O)-g"()=0 (Feay2)= f(g2))-8'Q2) = SQ) g'Q)=2-2=4 Consider f(x) = Vx. The curve always lies below the tangent. ‘The rate of volume change depends cn the radius of the sphere. en tar; # a nt = an(4) =n dt dt ES) Dalsinx) = cos, Ditsins) =—sins, DUsin x) cos: Di(sinx)=sinx, Dicina Instructor's Resource Manual “A30, False: D,(c0sx) =-sin Di(cos.) = ~cosx: DYcos x) = sinx; D3 (cos.x) = D,[D3(cosx)) = Dy(sinx) 3 i 2h sae Dann) = Din, sate Went > nee 250 DP? (cosx) = Dz (sin). dr x : 4A, gene? aa trues tm 822 ti as. true Yaar, Sane a0 3x 3x0 eos dV = 4nrdr = Sodr Itar= dr, then d¥ =S-ar 36. False: dy = Sx4dx, so dy>0 when de>0. 3 Tre but dy <0 when dr <0 33, Tne: 37, False: The slope of the linear approximation is equal to La) = £(0)=~sin(0) = 0 Sample Test Problems a Baan. La iy SEY 3g SEAS FI im (957 4 93h 4317) = 93? A on mao i. im 2+ hy +3(+h)] (2x5 +3x) _ 7 10x*h+ 20x7h? + 20x7h? + 10xh* +25 + 3h, 2 +0 h 90 h = Jimtiox* +2037 +20x7h? + 10xh? +249 +3) = 10x4 +3, e 3 = tim| : z lim -| mol xt h)x, ho (3x(x +h) a a i]: tol $2-30:4H) | * 9 1 1 tls Bead Grr? +28 +2) i] “af ee & wS0| G(x Ay? +232 +2) BJ 0 GCR+A)? #2\Bx +2) Gx +2)? 3+) — VE __,,,, (VBr+ Sh — Bx VBE 3h + VBR) 7h © Fe)= jim 0 10 nx + 3h + V3x) = lim 3h im en ee = sso Dine She Vax) 0 Jix+3h+ 3x 35 Instructor’s Resource Manual Section 3.11 143144 c a -¢a) = tim Se) S19) = im SED IES «= tim $0360 3h-+sin 3h cos3x: in iN3x(CO83A~1), ,, sin3hcos3x aso h th 0h cos3h sin3h =3sin 30 tim = (sin34 (0) +(¢083:98 Jim SE = (€0s31K0 3x im im, 2 sin 3x40) + (60532 fm (c083x)(3)(1) = 3c0s3 pg ERE ATT gO A erie) aa ahh? 2e+h = fim 2 = tim M0 Iocrny? 45 aie +s over? +s +t +s) WoO [orenp ase datas a Tes +. “(x)= im LORE M)] = cos x Sos{nr+wh)—cosne _ ,,, cosmercos it —sin resin wh cos nx es i 0 7 eb 5 1=cos ah in nh tig -rven!= S28). nnn att cet) (x)= lim. = tim! g(x) = lim. ao ion tox tox tox oe) = Dim(1 +x) = 2(2x) = 4x St ie we Ixy “ (+0 (x) = lim ——————— = lim BO fax “Rica eRe or elim (LMP 404 7) +6 at an to aK = lim(? +ex¢x? +1) =3x7 +1 fete) in si Let y= 1m then 1= +. and as (xv. rim SBREcsiNRE _ sins) sina rise eb ¥ fay v e tin rcorn SBP rsin as fa = neosnr:1+ nsin 20-0 = neos ee CEST SEay Other method im eet“ Use the subtraction formula P(e? +a) sinnt~sin x = 200s 2449) gin tim ae 2x me(P eyes) (+n? Section 3.11 Instructor's Resource Manualoo. (exe WP e0( Pre Pe) “i a(Pecol ee) po? 2 2 uxt 3 = lim PP eC ee Wed +e 0s 2k ~cos 2x & storin eee sacra esters) cette sa aE ea ty ; tig[aoures = Set atm See isin a fetes b. f(a)=4x atx=2 & se)eVP ar=1 a. fx)=sinxat x=4 & Moet ae be fiends fe Ayrwnsaiset l he fey=b axes a f@=-2 wa FQ=3 x2 » £O=5 Instructor's Resource Manual 10. oy ce Vygee= oe ae 8 Spey= fe V2 Au=2, arn d2)-$ 4ipel=2ror' e Gita 2soro AUr=2, 2fOF'2) =20(-2 © Lyyon=seoro Aue, FURDSO= FASO) alah D,(325)= 1534 D(a 32? 4a?) = 3x? 6x4 (2) D,(z) +42? +22)=32? +8242 . 03) (2+)@)-Gx-920) "Gal Gey? cde +10r+3, (+P 5)_ GP +2 5120 +2) » dle = = “7 $21 (6 +20) - 240? +601 +10 (6? +21)? , 0x42 = 2044270) 22242717 DiGx+27? «204274 0) 22042) Section3.11 145o £(Fs2) enn ae en 15, Dglsind +005?) cos +3605? A(-sin0) dl 4x (ex? = c0s0~3sin@cos*@ _ nist 41022 42 DBisind + cos? 8) (+x? ‘= ~sin 9 - 3{sin 0(2\(cos@\-sin8)+ cos? 8] i = -sin0 + 6sin? 080 ~ 305° 6 12. Daas) = 24 NEG iy =e do a oo. 16, Zlsin(?)—sin?(0] = cose? (29 ~ 2sine}(cos) oe = 2reos(t?)—sin(20) eel fee aay? 17. Da[sin(6?)] = cos(0? (28) = 20c0s(6?) ' al [zea) ae 18, Leos) = (cos? 52y-sin52X5) Scos? Sxsin Sx er +4y 1, 2 Aiden "doo deve de 2? 19. Asin? sintxoy = 2sin(sin(n))cos(sin(nO) (cos(n8)\(x) = 2nsin(sin(n8)) cos(sin(n8))cos(n8) 20. sin? oos 41)] = 2sin(c0s 4) (cos(cos 4))(~sin 41)4) = -Bsin(cos 41) eos(cos 41) sin Ar 21, Dg tan 30 = (sec? 303) = sec? 38 nm 4 ( sind )- sinSs*yl0x) _ 3cos5x®cos3x-+10xsin usin x? cose? cos? 5x? cos? 53? 23, f'(x) = (x? 1)? (9x? —4)+ Be? —4x2M(x? - 12x) = ix? 2x2 — 4) + 4x2? - NG - 4x) S'Q)=672 2A, g(x) = 3eos3x + 2(sin32}(c0s3x)(3) = 3eos3x-+3sin6x 8°(8) = -9sin 3x4 18c0s6x s0)a18 d(cotx)_(secx¥ 2x) _ -cse? x~ 2xcot.xtan.x 2(S3) ac ws pf aie 4s (cost sini)? 446 Section 3.11 Instructor's Resource Manual27, f(x) = (=I) Asin ne ~ 2fncos mx I)+ (sin wx —x)?3(x-1)? = 2¢x-1) (sine —a{ncos mx = 1)+3hsin me =x)? (x=? S'Q)= 16-42 = 3.43 2B. h'(O) = Slsin(21) + c0s(31))*(2c0s(2)-3sin(3)) (0) = Slsin(21) + cos(34))* (~4sin(2t) ~ 9 c0s(31)) + 20(sin(2r) + c0s(3¢))? (2cos(2e) ~3sin(3¢))* W'(O) =5-14-(-9)+20-P 2? = 35 29. g(r) = Hoos? Sr(-sinr5) = -15c0s? SrsinSr £°(7) = -15[e08? 57 e0s57)5)+(sin5r)2(cosSr)(-sin5r)(5)] = ~15{Sc0s* Sr —10(sin® SrXcosSr)] 87 (r) = -15{5(3)(cos® Sr{-sin 5r)(5) - (LOsin? Sr{~sin 5r(5) ~ (cos Sr(20sin Sr)(cos 5r\5)] 15{-175(e0s? 5)sin5r) +S0sin? Sr] 270) =4588 30. f= M(eOZ(+ 290080 Be G(x) = F(x) +00) )45)) +5) G(x) = F(a) + SCO) + 8°) + (+S DEC) + SCN) 45D) 45°C) = Fra) + SMSO) E)# SD? FU) +S) 4°) 32. Fx) = OUR)R)= ARP CSN) 36. One possiblity: = 3008? xsinx oy 33. F(z) =r (s(2))s"(2)=Beos(3s(2))10z7) = 272? c0s(92°) Bed peg _ sy Fpt A= TOMow) F : _ 3 3 2 37. One possibility: = (Gp -= Bf? 1) 2Y30(A) 2Y3(6° - B) 20 38. One possibility: bo NL Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.11 14739, 40. Te 2, 3 148 (5)? = 100n = 314 m3 per the radius, a a adr When r= 5, 10=4n(5° he 0 = angsy £-1 903180 a0 aw de dh yen h= 3, 9= 183) When =3, 9 =18)5" 41 20.167 fumin a6 a ye 128-32 v=0, when = 4s 129(4) -16(4)? = 256 fe b. 128-167 =0 -161¢-8)=0 ‘The object hits the ground when 1 = 8s v= 128 ~ 32(8) = -128 fs 672 +91 v2 1349 as aye pen a 3 -12149<0 30-30 1) <0 1<1<3; (1.3) Section 3.11 44 45. b. f 30-3)0-1)=0 3 (1) =~6, a(3)=6 6r-12>0 £22: (2.00) DP (a! 44.8 4100)=0 DP(2 42°43!) = 201 DP as?" 430%) =(7-2192408-20) DP(sinx+ e082) = DE (sins +0082) = sin x+ cosx DP (sin2x) = 2° sin 2x = 1,048,576 sin 2 pe ( Vv ) ae) 20! aay ® Boyt Beaty 3x 43? Fe PO Tey Y 32 _33)2 2 2 Gy? -3x9y?) 23x79 37 S07 3) =3e 7 ay ty? dc ay? -30y scoot ost # costsy) = 25-sinby) 720569) dy _ 2x-sinloy)— sy e099) de 7 c0s(xy) Instructor's Resource Manualssep)(x2ay) m6) =0 . Lrpingtal= see'ad*20osen SQ)8'O)+ BIS 2) = CNS) + AVA) = 23 {tan(ay) + xys00(0)) Potion dy __ tang) +aysee%y) Speen Setaee Toeet “ ed) Sw2DE'2)= F's") = (ANS) = 20 46. do nas? a DAF =O) vie DEP = AS )* FOS At OSL O+AL OP 4x46)9) = 2(8)(-1)+2(4)? = 26 ALCL): 9 Since (yjXy3)= =I at (1, 2) the tangents are perpendicular. 47, dy =[rrcos(nx)+2xlde x= 2, de= 0.01 dy =[wcox(2n) +2(2)}0.01) = (4+ (0.01) ons 2 on ae 8. soy La Aaryauene rads st. sintse= 2,2 = 400 Doprnreed =-? yexsinis® Baa + 200427] = -b? +2924 4)] Ae dy _+y? +49 +8y) a 2 de Day tx B-aoosintse = 104 mite i 2 + y why By 4p ay + 2(x+2)" ‘When x= -2,y=21 eee + ye DOOD a0 ni) + 21-2 +2) 5 = -0.0025 2 » CUP HCD+ 465 « 2(-2)(-1) + 2(-2 + 2)? = 0.0025 a 4 ayes? oa Lees bin rte) 53. a. Doing) =Etleaso = cooing =2f(0S'(2) 4387 Wg") 22) 4392 cos 2/IF'2)+3872)8'Q) be Daleoso| = E22 sing) = -tandfeos += 2(3)(4) + 3(2)°(5) = 84 e Instructor's Resource Manual Section 3.11 149un b. f(a) = xcosa; f(x) = -xsinx+c0sx) a=1 i Lae S4. a. f(x)=Vx41 f(a) glee) ja=3 Sea ee Lad= F014 FONE-D sost + (-sint eos was Naya) esl (Gin bx sin 4(Gos)x cos! 2 =(cost-sin})x+sinl nrabeed 2030120 +0888 ara 3.12 Additional Problem Set If we think of a function as a rule which tells us what 10 do toa value for, then the 1, gis not differentiable at¢= cif inverse ofthat function should undo what the Fe ED EO pe pron function docs. n other words, if we put the eae ee ‘ouput ofthe function into the inverse funetion, we should be back where we 2. y= mx b; Solve for x: ated Go ot a6 J(a)) = g(me+b) = EE 3 SF@)=SM-2)") after} =(1-d-"!" = (ty ax Faye bday Cnet ty oa wees) s SIMS E)=S (0-2) 70) Sfx etd ey Cx" ta-2) oH it et =(l-x") *{1-G-x")) ie 5. a, Using the chain rule =eryn Dlr = ncr+ yt ? Py call aa acre =6(VF-7)= ( [F-7) 47 be (rt = CEe CE Clr? ae Dil(r4"]= De[Cpet + Cp ta. FG F( Wy +7)= (be) -7 +Cjr+Ch) = nChrl!e(n- CPI? Ch =\y? 47-7 180 Section 3.12 Instructor's Resource Manual ly? = y for y20(rey = CR CR +Chyrechy D,l(r +1)" ] = nr +1) Sait each +uChyrt nce, Equating ike powers of ng = nCe} (n= Ce (9-298 = ACEP nh mer = acm! yt Cf +1, ts 2-3 =2¢}.c} =c} =1 Similar, Cf =Cf = Cf =1 For m Obecause the approximation lies above the curve: the error is positive when x < O because the approximation lies below the curve. For tan.x, the error is positive when x>0 because the approximation lies below the curve; the error is negative when x <0 because the approximation lies above the curve. 60-45 _ b. g'(70) Thereof dango saps 2 2S. sig sone vane mee first part of a.) & g'(7.0)=17 so the tangent line is approximately y= 68= 176-7) or = 1?x-51 4. g(7.1) = 1707.1) $1 = 69.7 e g)= 2043 815. (7.5) = 18,9725) =17.5. 2(2)=2, so the rate of change of 8'(8) is equal to 2. (7.0) =17, the tangent line is ye Ix-51 207.1) = 68.7 0.1, 4(8)= VB ~2.1=0.9 so there must beat least one zero of x) between x=3and x=8, Section 3.12 151>. a. F=f Bet witx’ e090! e-8) £6) L(x) = 0 when x= s than three, so must be discarded. rest 4 1 6 2.6 which is less l Us) =-0.14 4-3) oF Ux) =0.25x - 0.85 U(x) =0 when x=3, fs)=0atx=3.41 a 4 10, a. Error(a)= la) - L(a) = fa) ~ [e+ m(a~ a)]=fa)- © Error(ai)= 0 implies fla) = . b. [Error(x)|s|K(2X(x-a)} 0 [Pe etch ra Thus, since tim K(x)=0, fin Frets) =0. But Exror(s) _ f(2)- L(x) xa xa = L)_crmlr-a) xa O= lim tim [ fin LD= LE) hence f'(a) =m. 5.04 tea 24x o.054 pin? 935 a 152 Section 3.12 |- b. dP = P(Ayda (93.5) =10.5 while dA =8.7-11.2-93.5 =3.94 ind AP =10,5-3.94= 41.37 flpg GM, _ GM, 8 ar] 12. a. tim. g(r)= lim aR ak GMyr _ GM, F lim_g(r)= lim, Cera Thus. g(r) is continuous. a” 4. No, the derivative is not continuous at r= R. 13, Measure r in feet for consistency. 2 Mion ws? z ‘Ag = g(3956 mi) g(R) nM 20.887.690) OM, ee _ OM (20387.680_, “RE (20,908,800 (wa) Instructor's Resource Manual‘The exact and approximate values of the absolute, relative, and percent change in g are the same since g(r) is linear with respect tor forr pup 3 098 4 ae 098 > [ul 6 138 6 [mw] s 1.60 [Near the base this vase is lke the one in part (@), but just above the base it becomes larger. [Near the middle ofthe vase it becomes very narrow. The top ofthe vase is similar to the ‘one in part (a). Depth | 7 [azar ies rama aa Tas Gaal omlpes Tz Smaleplpes 058 areal eenlped om cme logic Ta oe |e Taw J Section 3.12 1534 Applications of the Derivative 4.1 Concepts Review 1, continuous; closed 2. extreme 3. endpoints; stationary points; singular points 4. S(C)=0, (0) does not exist Problem Set 4.1 1, f(x) =2x44:2x44=0 when x Critical points: 4, -2, 0 SA)= 4,2) = 0,00) = 4 Mi imum value = 4, minimum value = 0 2. A(x) =2x41,2e41=0 when x= = Critical points:~2, -4 = eae w2y-2.h(-2) Maximum value= 6, minimum value 2 1 ag F: Hay=6 3. W(x) = 2x43; 2x+3-= 0 when Critical points: ~2, a¥(- Maximum value * 4, minimum value = YC ee en 4 6 = 5 (6x +6x-12) sf 2), a2 +x-2=0 whenz=-2,1 Critical points: -3, -2, 1, 3 a= G2) = 4, GI) = -2.G3)=9 154 Section 4.1 5, Maximum value f'(2) = 322 3:32 320 when 1, | Critical points:—1, 1 f-Y=3,f0 ‘No maximum value, minimum value =I (See graph.) f(x) = 3x? ~3:3x? 3.20 when x=—1, 1 A 3 Critical points: -2, -1,1,3 e 2 Zrev=3s0 ‘Maximum value = 19, minimum value = ~1 1,f@)=19 1 (0) is never 0; (7) is not defined when r= 0, but r= 0 isnot in the domain on [-1, 3] since (0) is not defined. Critical points: -1, 3 Note that lim A(?)=-co and_ lim, A(x) =<. 0" 0 No maximum value, no minimum value. 2x ase Critical points: ~3, 0,1 263)= g0)= 1.60) io 2x Teahe 7? weno 8) Maximum value = 1, minimum value Instructor's Resource ManualCHAPTER 4 Applications of the Derivative 4.1 Concepts Review 1. continuous; closed 2. extreme 3. endpoints; stationary points; singular points 4. S(6)=0: f(@) does not exist Problem Set 4.1 1. f(a)=2x+4:2x+4=0 whenx Critical points: 4, -2, 0 Critical pois: =2. af 1 h(2)= nayea a det res Maximum value = 6, minimum value = 3. WG) = 2x et ‘O.when 3 Critical points:-2, -3, 1 a = 4. G(a)= L062 46n-12)=S0a2 4x2) a +x-2=0 whenx a Critical points: -3, -2, 1.3 154 Section 4.1 Maximum valus 7 minimum value =~ 5 6. f(a) =3x? ~3:32? -3=0 when: a 3 ritical points: -3, ~1, 1,3 Critical points: ~5 Maximum value = 19, minimum value = 7. Wr) =—-E:K(O) is never 0; hi(r) isnot defined when r= 0, but r= 0 is not in the domain on [-1, 3] since 4(0) is not defined. Critical points: 1, 3 Note that lim A(r)=-o and lim A(x)= <0. 20" ao No maximum value, no minimum value. 2x 2x when x=0 Gare ee? Critical points: ~3,0, 1 7 = 5 83) 7580) = 181) 2 1 ‘Maximum value = 1, minimum value = fa mi i Instructor's Resource Manual2x 2x (exe (ee? Critical point: 0 gO)=1 As x90, g(x) 90": as x2, (2) 0". ‘Maximum value = 1, no minimum value (See graph) 9 Be) =0 whenx = 0. = % 10. f'@)= ey? ae ry Critical points: —1, 1,4 1 4 SVE“ SM = 7 IM =F 0 when x 2 Maximum value ‘minimum value = nh. 12, (0) =cosr+sine; cos 1+ sin r= Owhen tant@-lor:=—Z4kn. 4 an 1 points: 0, 28, x io 4 13, :a°(x) does not exist when k=] Critical points: 0, 1, 3 Instructor's Resource Manual MW 15. 18, 19. 20, (0) = 1, (1) =0, a(3) =2 ‘Maximum value= 2, minimum value = 0 f(s) does not exist when Critical points ss) Maximum value = 10. minimum value = 0 4) = 10 (2) = L5G) does not exist when x= 0. Critical points: -1, 0,27 lox: so) Critical points: 0, 5. 10 $0) = 0, 5) = 25, 10) = 0; the numbers are x= 5 ‘and 10—x=5. x2e if0ers! Sa) = 4-27: f(a) = 1-2 F'@)=0 when == Critical points: 0, fO)= 0,1) =0, #2) exceeds its square by the maximum amount. Letx represent the width then 100 ~x represents the length F(R) = x(100 ~ 2) = 1004-27: f(x) = 100-23 100-2x =0;x=50 Ceitical points: 0, 50, 100 flO) = (100) = 0: $0) = $0(50) = 2500 “The dimensions shouldbe 50 ft by 50 ft. For a rectangle with perimeter K and width x, the K length is Sx. Then the area is 2 Section 4.1 155a 2. 156 kK ani (5 LK 9,4 20 when a2 KK Critical poins: 0X le 472 arrnoee The ac inmacnind whew one fourth of the perimeter, so the rectangle is a square. Let x be the width of the square to be cut out and the volume of the resulting open box. V = x(24-21)? = dx} -96x7 + 576x a yg FE tas? ~192x +576 =12(x-12\x-4) 7 x 12-4) 12(x = 12{x- 4) = 0;x= ore =4, Critical points: 0, 4, 12 Atx= or 12. V=O;atx=4, ¥= 1024. ‘The volume of the largest box is 1024 in? Let.x be the length of the cut forthe square, 0 16 xis the cut for the circle. The ares ofthe square fs (4x) 2] =. The aha) area of the circle is found by finding the radius first: 2ar l6-x 16-x) _ (16-9) c 2 an 49 whenx = 78 dr +8 Critical numbers: 0, 8.96, 16 Atx=0,4 520.37. Atx= 8.96.4 =8.96. Atx= 16:4 = 16. Total area is minimum at x= 8.96: the total area is ‘maximum with no cut and the wire bent to form a circle. = 8.96 Let A be the area of the pen. 2,d4 A= x(80-22) = 80x~2x 0-4 Critical points: 0, 20, 40. Atx=00r40,4=0; atx =20,A The dimensions are 20 ft by 80 ~ 2(20) = 40 fi with the length along the bam being 40 ft. Section 4.1 mn 28. 26. n. 28, Let x be the width of each pen. then the length ‘along the barn is 80 ~ 4x. a A= x(80-4x) = 802— 427; F = 80-8, (80- 4x) an = 80. dd de Critical points: 0. 10, 20 Atx=00r 20,4 =0; atx = 10,4 = 400. ‘The area is largest with width 10 ft and length 40 f when x =10. Let d be the area of the pen, The perimeter is 100+ 180 = 280 f. yt y= 100+ 2e 180: y= 140—x Anns) =P 0-2 140-2x=0;x=70 Since 0 < x <40, the critical points are 0 and 40. When x= 0,4 = 0. When x= 40. 4 = 4000. The dimensions are 40 ft by 100 ft ‘The perimeter will be 20 + 40+ 80 = 140 and xis limited by 20s x 5 30 2e+ 2y~ 60 = 80: y= 70x A= s(10-x)=70x~ 22:4 2 70-28, dk 10-2=0:x=35 Critical points: 20, 30 When x= 20, A= 1000. When x= 30, 4 = 1200. ‘The pen has dimensions 30 ft by 40 ft rislimitedby 0¢x. 3 aim, 24648, 5 : Z o(e-)-20 goa 8 Maximum value = 26.04, minimum value = 0 26.04, g(5) = 18 JS") = xe0sx; on [-1, 5]. xc08.x =O when 3)=-an.95) +25 ‘Maximum value = 3.57, minimum value = -2.71 (cosx+xsinx4+2)(xc0s3) Jrosxexsinx +3] g= g'(2)=0 when x =0, 8'(3) does not exist when f(x) fon (+1. 5].flx) = 0 when x = 3.45 ein Critical points: -1. 0, ©, 3.45.5, 5 ae 22 Instructor's Resource Manualacy=328, 03, e(2)=357 a045)~0,«(%)=2.01 4.2 Concepts Review 1. Increasing; concave up 2 frcsir 0 forall x fe) for all easing 2 gid 2e- We 1 >Owhen x>2, gis cena |.) nding (J 3. A() = 242; 24+2>0.when (> =1. A(O is increasing on (-1, «) and decreasing on S. G(x) = 6x? ~18x +12 = 6(x-2\(x—1) Split the x-axis into the intervals (©, 1), (1, 2). 2, 2). 3 3 Tea point: x=0.2.3.6(0)=12, (2) = ns s-03 260-12 o(2) ce G2) is increasing on (<9, 1] U [2, 20) and decreasing on (1, 2). 6. f= 3? +602 3042) Split the x-axis into the intervals (~=9 , -2), 2, 0). (0, ©). Test points: (= -3,-1,1: f"(3)=9, f ro Ais increasing on (-2 ,-2] v [0, 2) and decreasing on [-2, 0} Instructor's Resource Manual (5) =251 Maximum value ~3.57; 4, h(g)= 2-22? = 22-2) Split the x-axis into the intervals (-20. 0), (0, 2) @,). Test points: = HQ)=9 +2) is increasing on (2, co) and decreasing on (2,2). 113: KE=-3, HQ) 8 sy=2 Split the x-axis into the intervals (~ , 0), (0, 2, Q, 0). ‘Test points: -1, 1.3; #CD=-3, £0 £@) fix) is increasing on (0, 2] and decreasing on 2,0) U (2, @), 27 9. HO) = cost: H'()>0 when 05¢-<5 and ersin ay xine [a] [3a] decreasing on [3] 10. RO) ZeosBsind: R(@)>0 when 5 0 forall x./la) is concave up for all, x: n0 inflection points. 12. G"(w)= 2; 2> 0 forall w, G(w)is concave up for all w; no inflection points. Section 4.2 15913, T"()= 184; 181>0 when 1 > 0. TU) is concave up (on (0, «) and concave down on (-%, 0}; (@.0) isthe only inflection point 6 2 <9 and _Ale) is concave up on (-, ~ 3) U3, 0) and concave down on (-93,0)0(0, 73): inflection pins are (-8.8-5) and (s Bet ) FG 3), =4-3>0 for 15. q°(x) = 12x? ~ 36x - 48:q°(x) > 0 when x<-I and x>4, (2) is concave up on (~2, =1) U (4, 2) and concave down on (~1, 4); inflection points are (C1. -19) and (4, -499), 16, S10) = 12x? 4 48x = 12x(x 44); (C4) > 0 when <-tand x>0. {fla) is concave up on (co, —8) (0, 2) and ‘concave down on (4,0) inflection points are (A. -258) and (0,2. 17, F(x) = 2sin? x-2cos? x44 = 6— 4008? x 6~4c0s? x>0 for all x since 0-0 forall (2) is concave up forall x; no inflection point. 19. f(a)=3x? -12:3x7 -12 > 0 when x<-Dor x>2 ‘esis increasing on (-2,-2]U [2. ©) and ‘decreasing on [-2, 2} F°(3) = 6x; 6x > 0 when x > 0. fx) is concave up on (0, 20) and concave down on (-2, 0). 160 Section 4.2 20, g'(x)= 12x? ~6x-6=6(2x4N(e—Is g'(Z)>0 when 1-1 ocx Ls) isncresing 0 (= - gfe ‘) and decreasing on [- ; } g(a) = 24x -6= O(4x- Ds g(x) > 0 when L (a) 21 g'(a)= 128? 12x? =1237(x-); g'(a)>0 when x> 1. g(x) is increasing on [1, «2 ) and decreasing on (-< 1. g(x) = 36x? — 24x = 12x(3x-2):_ g"(x)>0 2 when x<0or x>. g(x) is concave up on co.ou{2) ante soon (03) an 3 0 3% 2. F(x) = 6x8 -120? = 6x4 (x7 -2) Split the x-axis into the intervals (~. V2). (-V2, 0), (0, V2). (v2.20) ‘est points:x= 2.1. 1.2: F'C-2)=-96. FCN =6.F'()=-6,F'2)=96 FG) is increasing on (-V2, 0)U{V3,«) and decreasing on (-2, - V2]U{0. V2] F'(x) =30r4 -362" = 6x°(5x? 6); 5x? -6>0 Instructor's Resource Manual

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