DC Circuits

Circuit Theorems

Linearity Property

Superposition Theorem

Two things have to be keep in mind:

1. When we say turn off all other independent sources:
Independent voltage sources are replaced by 0 V (short circuit)
Independent current sources are replaced by 0 A (open circuit).
2. Dependent sources are left intact because they are controlled by
circuit variables.
Example
Use the superposition theorem to find v in the circuit shown below.

Solution

v1

v2

Source Transformation

Example
Use source transformation to nd vo in the circuit below

Solution

Thevenins Theorem

Finding VTh and RTh.

Finding RTh when circuit has dependent sources.

Example

Using Thevenins theorem, find the equivalent circuit to the left of the
terminals in the circuit shown below.

Solution

Using Superposition theorem,

Nortons Theorem

Example

Find the Norton equivalent circuit of the circuit in figure below

Solution

IN

Calculate RTH (Method 1)

i

1V

(1)

(2)

From Eq. (1) and (2) :

10 A

Calculate RTH (Method 2)

(1)

(2)

From Eq. (1) and (2) :

10 A

Maximum Power Transfer

Homework
Use superposition principle to nd i

For the circuit in figure below, nd the terminal voltage Vab using
superposition.

Apply source transformation to nd Vx in the circuit

Determine RTh and VTh at terminals 1-2 of the circuit

Determine the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b for the circuit

Obtain the Thevenin equivalent seen at terminals a-b of the circuit

Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits at the

terminals a-b for the circuit

Compute the value of R that results in maximum power transfer

to the 10- resistor. Find the maximum power.

Find RL for maximum power deliverable to RL, and determine

that maximum power.

For the circuit in figure below, determine the value of R such

that the maximum power delivered to the load is 3 mW.