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    Source: USA brevets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    17 views27 pages

    About Drone

    Uploaded by

    Cipri Burzo
    Source: USA brevets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 27
    US 2016031154441 cu») United States 2) Patent Application Publication Phan et al. (54) MICRO HYBRID GENERATOR SYSTEM DRONE (71) Applicant: Top Flight Technologies, I MA (US) Malden, (72) Inventors: Long N. Phan, Somerville, MA (US): Sanjay Emani Sarma, Lexington, MA, (US); Cody Miles Wojeik, Fremont NH (US); EU M. Davis, Cambridge, MA (US): Benjamin Arthur Sena, Winthrop, MA (US): Julian Lemus, Somerville, MA (US) (21) Appl. Now 187202,771 (22) Filed: Jul, 6, 2016 Related Us Application Data (63) Continuation of application No. 14/042,600, filed on Now: 16, 2015, (60) Provisional application No. 621080.54 filed on Nov 17, 2014, provisional application No. 62080,482, filed on Nov. 17, 2014, provisional application No. 62079,899, filed on Nov. 14, 2014, provisional ap= plication No. 62/079,866, filed on Nov. 14, 204. ao) Pub, No.: US 2016/0311544 Al (43) Pub. Date Oct. 27, 2016 Publication Classification GI) Incr, BoiD 2704 (200501) BOD 3308 (006.01), Bosc 2700 (2006.01), Bic 3902 (2006.01), Baie 2708 (2006.01), (52) US. ¢ B64D 27/24 (2013.01); B6IC 39/024 (Go1301} Bodc 2718 (2013.01), BOC 27/001 (2013.01), BOAD 33/08 (2013.01) ‘B64D 2027/026 (2013.01) 6 ABSTRACT An unmanned acral vehicle comprising atleast one rotor ‘motor. The rotor motor is powered by a micro hybrid ‘zenenition system, The micro hybrid penerator system com- prises a rechargeable battery configured to provide power to {he at Teast one rotor motor, a small engine configured 0 ‘genemte mechanical power, a generator motor coupled $0 {he small engine and configured to generate AC power using the mechanical power generated by the small engine, bridge rectifier configured to convert the AC power gener ated by the generator motor to DC power and provide the DDC power to ether or both the rechargeable battery and the at Feast one FoWOr motor, and an electronic control ust configured to control athrote of the small engine based, at least in part, on a power demand of at least one load the at Teast one Toad including the atleast ane rotor motor. 552-1 ‘US 2016/0311544 AL Oct. 27, 2016 Sheet 1 of 17 Patent Application Publication Old Sz ‘SJO}OW ssqustig aul J au ee 0 : ; —— ve 20 | on Sf oe al BL wn ioaueg : : joan I ig swuaagag i | peads ouomag] [Ovo da peo1 | || wor | eowio aig | | seyenuy z | ae 98 28 e | foveroa 201—~ 2 | ‘J8]8AU Weng amo 90 ‘abeion InN 2 | A | 7 + 86 | (uejandg.ocan) rang (ogerav) /anag~ owevag) amg ‘amy Ho Bue ouese)| | | 6 _| ayes eigeatueyoay f\ 42M0d 9G seynoay abpuah\ INGING OY sojow ouNDAIs }RIWEUDAN evibUy yews aunog feng | [p20 02 8h j 9b rk a : 2 | Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 2 of 17 US 2016/0311544 AL Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 3 of 17 US 2016/0311544 Al FIG. 3B wi FIG. 3A Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 4 of 17 US 2016/0311544 Al Vy Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 5 of 17 US 2016/0311544 Al 60 2 a 2 8 _ : S 22 8 a uw ee Ss = a _ - © ¢ @ g & J 8 3 6 eg 60. ‘US 2016/0311544 AL Oct. 27, 2016 Sheet 6 of 17 Patent Application Publication 809 MOT ‘AIGEHEAY AIDES «| 9°Old 09 unt yb doy ‘Apeey jerosauuuog YON» Aysog huey v eo feng ng Aepol seuoig urpasn Alapin qwbiemYBr yews waIoNsa 5y/um 00S} = auijosep! yeuoquanuog Buisn pugty 131 oss i uty doy ‘Aisuag A620 38 St Ao 06» sr (64M) ‘Aysueg A6y0u3, 0001 eo peng (Oxy) ‘ysu9g 56.003, ‘s901n0S Jamog AYN ‘092 od") (Ox/4nt) ‘sug AOseU3 ssi o8e, sor 099 saa 566 ssi ozel sek sol US 2016/0311544 AI Oct. 27, 2016 Sheet 7 of 17 Patent Application Publication L°Old SAWN TOLA 40} aouENpUy SA fenUaIOd LIEW AYA, souesnpug/otuey << uu, YEH AMO 2 ae E uty WYBILY UW Gp a E ‘au JUDY UW OF Teauotog THEW § a Swi BIL IH +2, PugAH wBn4 doy aouempuzyabuey sa equatog oweW AVN Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 8 of 17 US 2016/0311544 AI — 150 Location B FIG. 8 _--180 eis Location A ‘US 2016/0311544 AL Oct. 27, 2016 Sheet 9 of 17 Patent Application Publication om 6914 togoy revaypunang osz =i 092 QS as Se 252 . “aap eg weusinba arengiey || siosuag wound wound, yoswog expo, Je 728K || Puonpn |] penn usa suoqeajumuwog || abeiog 0 a ie suesfsors aqayoeea UDRP 06 z BL 00L LE 8 £ ry ven : ron | Z ; 96 2. = ava190 g avon | [inio-=t0d0 aon GIG g 86 | (uoreundg.o oan) \/ Thay (ogo) / id” ojeuas) / andy (ONS +0 2) Array DO WO Pur aujseg) vanes aneabeyney A JC 90 seynoey elpuah\ InHNO OY soyoy asa [IPOWRWAN ayGu3 yews sang Pay +6 won Eo at a Ht a 6 US 2016/0311544 AI Oct. 27, 2016 Sheet 10 of 17 Patent Application Publication 02. : Poe No 40} “did 201 “9ld zz ' } a , ze” le Sa L oar ose [| Cb a” 062 ~~ 00e g voyea0) y uoye90 an 7 we) — ose ~ -Ob citi, _ 60L 4 | sz TE 2 S | id one \ ose Ob La oo 908 | Hey = | oe" | ~-o a ove ~ 082 US 2016/0311544 AI Oct. 27, 2016 Sheet 11 of 17 Patent Application Publication yoeg BuIA ynouien ajoiyen punoig payoeiag g uone007, y uaqe907 S, 008 yOE Me OL yord Bully Wm ajouan puro» MY Ye oo oz zoe speojkeg g Walshs uolsindoig pughy Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 12 of 17 US 2016/0311544 Al — 410 412 ov if Power { ina “Mant | Pawer=2avraa™ Dsruton fan 7 Board Crank * “400 Poston | _ Tote { Spark Servo PWM f | ——n eee Fay | vechil ») ECU j« 416 ¥ 7.5V 4147 Ignition EE Y Module) 406 1: Mode . t Receiver | ‘402 Throttle Position 418 Y BEC 404 Legend —»> Power ---> PWM Signal ——> Voltage Sense —— Spark-Ignition FIG. 12 Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 13 of 17 US 2016/0311544 AI FIG. 13 502-6 atent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 14 of 17 US 2016/0311544 A1 FIG. 14 502-6 Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 15 of 17 US 2016/0311544 AL FIG. 15 Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 16 of 17 US 2016/0311544 AL FIG. 16 Patent Application Publication Oct. 27,2016 Sheet 17 of 17 US 2016/0311544 Al FIG. 17 US 2016/0311544 Al MICRO HYBRID GENERATOR SYSTEM DRONE, 10001] This application is 2 continuation applieation and ‘lsims priority under 35 USC §120 to U.S. patent applica tion Set. No, 14/942,600, fled Nov. 16, 2015, which claims priaity t© US. Provisional Application No. 621079,866, ‘ed on Nov. 14, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 621079,890, fled on Nov. 14, 2014, U.S. Provisional Appli- ‘cation No, 62/080.482, fled on Nov. 17, 2014, and US, Provisional Application No. 62080584, fied on Nov. 17, 2014, each of which is incorporated by relerence in is FIELD OF THE INVENTION 10002] This invention relates to « micro hybrid generator system drone, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10003] A typical conveational multirotor UAV is signifi ‘cantly less complex, easier fo operat, less expensive, and ‘easier (0 maintain than atypical conventional single rotor setil vehicle, such as a helicopter or similar type serial Vehicle, For example, a conventional muli-otor UAV may jnchide four or more otor motors four ot more propellers ‘coupled thereto, Foor mone electron speed controllers, 3 flight contol system (auto pilot), an RC rodio control, & fame, and a rechargeable battery, suel 25a lithium polymer (LiPo) or similar type rechargeable hatery. In conieas single rotor aerial Vehicle, sueh a8 helicopter, may have thousands of parts. Additionally, single rotor aerial vehicles are also notoriously dlfcult to operate, diagnose problems, and are expensive to maintain, 0008) »Molterotor UAVs can perform vertical take-off and Janding (VTOL) and are capable of aerial contols with similar mancuversbilty. to single rotor serial vehicles. Multirotor UAVs are relatively easy to assemble and may use commercial off the shelf (COIS) hardware ineloding autopilot flight controllers that are easily adaptable (0 standard configurations, eg, a quad-rotor, a hex-roor, an ‘cto-totor, and the lke. 10005] A. typical conventional muli-rotor UAV relies solely on rechargeable battery or batteros to provide poser to drive the rotor motors coupled tthe propellers to provide ‘ght, A typical conventional muti-rotor UAV includes Tithium polymer (LiPo) batery whieh may provide about 150 to 210 Whikg. This may provide atypical loaded flight time of about 15 minutes and an unloaded Might time of about 32 to 4S minites. Advance lithium sulfur batteries may also be used which provide about 400 Whrky of power. Inthis ease, the fight times are about 30 minutes in a loaded configuration. 10006] In operation, the battery i use forthe entire ight ‘of the conventional muki-rotor UAV. Thus, when the battery js depleted, the UAV will stop operating. Ifthe UAV is in flight. this can result in a catastrophic emshing ofthe UAW. Additoaslly, if aggressive maneuvers are needed daring flight, such as quickly veering away from an object oF moving quiekly to avoid a potential threat, such maneuvers rexjire instantaneous peak power which ean quickly deplete the battery and significantly educe fight time significantly. 10007], Thus, conventional battery powered muli-otor UAVs have limited endurance and payload and provide no backup power in the event the battery supply i depleted. Oct. 27, 2016 Additionally, conventional commercial UAVS. are very expensive and not commercially viable at scale today. [0008] Conventional portable generators are heavy and ray be dillcut to transport to desired locations. Addition- ally, micro arid power systems used for eletric grid power backup or ulirasmicro power systems used in cell towers for power backup rely solely on batteries to provide the needed backup power 0009} ‘Thus, there is a neod for 2 small, lightweight, portable generator system which ean provide power in sch Applications, Additionally, there is a noed for UAVs with {improved operational characteristics, For example, there isa ced for UAVs capable of opemting for longer durations. SUMMARY, [0010] ‘The following implementations and aspects thereof fare described aod illustrated ia conjunction with system tools, and methods that are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not necessarily Hmiting in seope. In various ‘implementations one or more of the above-described prob- Jems have been addressed, while other implementations are directed to other improvements [0011] In various embodiments, an unmanned aerial Vehicle comprising at least one rotor motor configured 10 rive atleast one propeller to rotate, rotation of the a last ‘one propeller generating thrust and causing the unmanned aerial vehicle to ly In various embodiments, the unmanned ‘aecal vehicle comprises an electronic speed eontrol conig- ‘ured to control an amount of power provided to the at least fone roior motor. Further, in various embodiments, aa ‘unmanried aerial vehicle comprises a micro hybrid generator system configured to provide power to the a least one rotor ‘motor comprising. In various embodiments, an unmanned acral vehicle comprises a rechargeable battery configured 10 provide power to the at least one rotor motor. Further, in various embodiments, an unmanned serial vehicle com- prises « stall engine configured to generite mechanical power. Additionally, a various embodiments, an unmanned ‘eral vehicle comprises a generator motor coupled to the small engine and configured to generate AC power using the ‘mechanical power generated by the small engine. Further, in various embodiments, an unmanned serial vehicle com- prises a bridge rectifier configured to convert the AC power stenerated by the generator motor to DC power and provide the DC power to either or both the rechargeable battery and the at least one rotor motor. In various embodiments, an ‘unmanned eral vehicle comprises an electron control ait configured to contol a thrte of the small engine based, at Ieast in part, on a power demand of a least one load, the at Jeast one load including the at least one rotor motor [0012] These and other advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the relevant at upon a reading of the following descriptions and a study of the several examples of the drawings BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 0013] FIG. 1 depicts @ diagram of an example micro hybrid generator syst [0014] FIG. 2 depicts a side perspective view of @ mien hybrid gonerstor system, [0015] FIG. 3A depicts a side view of a micro hybrid senerator US 2016/0311544 Al [0016] FIG. 3B depiets an exploded side view of a miero hybrid generator. [0017] FIG. 4 depictsa perspective view ofa micro hybrid tenerutor system, [0018] FIG. 5 isa perspective view of a UAV integrated With a micro hybrid generator systems, [0019] FIG. 6 depicts a graph comparing energy density of differnt UAV poser sources, 10020] FIG. 7 depicts a graph of market potential for AVS against fight time for an example (wo plus hours of Aight time miero hybrid generator system of one or more ‘embodiments when coupled to a UAV is able to achieve an ‘example of the total market potential vs. endurance forthe micro hybrid generator system for UAVS of this invention. 10021] "FIG. 8 shows an example flight pattern of a UAV With a micro hybrid generator systems 10022] FIG. 9 depicts system diagram fora micro hybrid Lenerator system with detachable subsystems, [0023] FIG. 10a depicts a diagram of a micro hybrid generator system with delachable subsystems integrated as part of a UAV. 10024] FIG. 105 depicts a diagram of @ msiero hybrid ‘generator system with detachable subsystems integrated as part of a pround robot. [0025] "FIG. 11 shows » ground rbot Fight pack in operation [0026] FIG. 12 shows a control system of a micro hybrid enerstor system. [0027] FIG. 13 shows a top perspective view of a top portion ofa drone powered through'a micro hybrid generator system. 10028] FIG. 14 shows atop perspective view of a bottom portion of a drone powered through a micro hybrid generator system. 10029] FIG. 18 shows atop view of a bottom portion of 2 ‘drone powered through a micro hybrid generator system, [0030] FIG. 16 shows aside perspective view of a micro hybrid generator system, [0031] FIG. 17 shows a side perspective view of a micro hybrid generator system. th a detachable DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 0032] Aside from the preferred embodiment or emboxt- rmenis disclosed below, this invention i cupable of other ‘embodiments and of being practiced or being enried it in various ways. Thus, its fo be understood thatthe invention js not limited in its application to the details of constriction ‘andthe arrangements of components set forth in te fllow= ing description or illustrated in the dravings. If only one ‘embodiment is described herein, any claims based on this provisional patent application are not t0 be limited to that ‘embodiment. Moreover, any such claims age n0t to be read restrictvely unless there is clear and convincing evidence manifesting a cerain exclusion, restriction, or disclaimer 10033] One or more embodiments of & micro hybeid enerator system provide a small portable miero hybrid eneraior power source with energy conversion ellciency. Jn UAV applications, the micro hybrid generator system of ‘one oF more embodiments ean be used to overcame the ‘weight ofthe weiele, the micro hybrid generator drive, and ‘uel necessary to provide extended endurance and payload ‘capabilities ia UAV applications. In ter applications, the micro hybrid penerator deviee system can be used as a small, Oct. 27, 2016 lightweiyht, portable penerator for residential and commer- cial applications or as a micro-grid generaor or an utr imjero-grd) wenerator, and the like. [0034] ‘Tae micro hybrid generator system of one or more ‘embodiment of can comprise two separate power systems. A lint power system included as part of the micro hybrid generator system can be a small and eflicient gasoline powered engine coupled to @ generator motor. In various fmbodiniens, the fist power system serves as a primary source of power of the miero hybrid generator system. A second power system, inlude as part of the micro hybrid generator system, can be high energy density rechanzeable battery. Together, the fist power system and the second power system, combine to form a high energy contiavous power source and high peak power availabilty fora UAV, including when a UAV perlomns aggressive maneuvers Funker, one of the fist power system and the second poser system ean serve as back-up power sources of the micro biybrid genemstor system if a corresponding ane of the first power system or the second power system fais. In various ‘embodiments, the micro hybrid generator system can serve as a portable, lightweight generator to provide power residential and commercial applications or as micto-grid. ‘ulta-miero-prid generator [0035] FIG. 1 depicts @ diagram of an example micro hhybrid generator system 10. ‘The micro hybrid generator system 10 includes a fuel source 12, e., a vessel for storing gasoline, a mixture of gasoline and oil mixture, or similar ype fuel or mixture, The fuel source 12 provides fuel to a small engine 14, of a first power system. The small engine 14.can use the fel provided by the fuel source 12 to generate ‘mechanical energy. In one example, the small engine 14 ean have dinensions of about 12" by 11" by 6" and a weight of about 3.5 Ibs. to allow for integration in a UAV. In one ‘example, the small engine 14 may be an HWC/Zenoah G29 RCE 3D Extreme available from Zenoah, 1-9 Minamidai Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1168, Japan. The micro hybrid gen- cemor system 10 aso chides generator motor 16 coupled to the small engine 14, The generator motor 16 Functions to gencmte AC outpot power using mechanical power gener ated by the smal engine 14 In various embodiments, shaft fof the small engine 14 includes a fan that dissipates heat ‘away from the small engine 14 Tn various embodiments, the ‘genemtor motor 16 is couples to the small engine 1 through a polyurethane coupling. [0036] In one embodiment, the micro hybrid generator system 10 can provide 18 KW of power Further in the embodiment, the miero hybrid zenerator system 10 can ‘include a small engine 14 that provides approximately 3 horsepower and weighs approximately 15 ke, eg. a Zenoah® G2ORC Extreme engine. Inthe embodiment, the micro hybrid generator system 10 includes a generator ‘motor 16 that isa brushless motor, 380 Kx, 8 mm shaft part ‘number $035.380, available from Scorpion Precision lndus- ‘ty. In another embodiment, the micro hybrid generator system 10 can proside 10 kW of power Furer in the another embodiment, the micro hybrid generator system 10 can include a small engine 14 that provides approximately between 15-16.5 horsepower and weighs approximately 7 pounds, eg. a Desert Aireraltl) DA-150. In the another embodiment, the micro hybrid generator system 10 includes a generator motor 16 that isa Joby Movors® IMI motor [0037] ‘Tae micro byhrid generator system 10 inchades » bridge rectifier 18 and a rechanzeable battery 20, The bride US 2016/0311544 Al rectifier 18 is coupled hetween the generator motor 16 and the rechargeable battery 20 and converts the AC output of the generator motor 16 DC power to charge the recharge- able battery 20 or provide DC power to load 78 by line 82, ‘oF power to DC-to-AC inverter 84 by Tine 86 to provide AC. power to load 90. The rechargeable battery 20 may provide DC power to Joad 92 by Tine 94 or to DC-to-AC inverter 96 by line 98 to provide AC power to load 100, In one example, an outpot of the bridge rectifier 18 andlor the rechargeable buttery 20 of mira hybrid generator system 10 is provided by line 102 to one or more electronie speed control devices (ESC) 24 integrated in one or more rotor motors 28 as part ‘of an UAV. The PSC 24 ean control the DC poser provided. by bridge rectifier 18 andlor rechargeable battery 20 to one ‘or more rotor motors provided by generator motor 16, Inone ‘example, the FSC 24 can be a Motor PSC 454 (2-65) ‘with Simon. In one example, the bridge rectifier 18 can be 14 model #MSD 100.08, diode bridge 800V 100A SMB, available from Microsemi Power Products Group®. 10038] In various embodiments, the ESC 24 can contol an amount of power provided to one oF more rotar motors 28 response to inp receive from an operator, For example, if an operator provides input 10 move a UAV to the right then the ESC 24 can provide less power to rotor motors 28 ‘on the right of the UAV to cause the rotor motors to spin propellers on the right side of the UAV slower than propel- fers on the left side of the UAV. As power is provided at varying levels to one or more rotor motors 28, a lead, ean mount of power provided to the one oF more rotor motors 25, can change in response 10 ‘operon. 10039] In one embodiment, the rechargeable battery 20 may be a LiPo batten, providing 3000 mah, 22.2V 65 C, Model PLU65.30006, avaiable from Pulse Ulta Lipo®, ‘China, In other designs, the rechargeable battery 20 may be lithium sulfur (Li8u) rechargeable battery or similar type of rechargeable battery [0040] The micro hybrid penerator system 10 ineludes an ‘electronic control unit (ECU) 22. The ECU 22, and other ‘applicable systems described in this paper, ean be imple mented as a computer system, a plurality of computer systems, of parts of a computer system or a plurality of computer systems. In general, a computer system will Include a processor, memory, non-volatile storage, and an Interface. typical computer system will usually inelude at least a processor, memory, and a device (ex. bus) cue pling the memory to the processor. The processor ean be, for ‘example, a general-purpose eentral processing unit (CPU), tach on mlrorocenr, oF 9 spi puree procs, [0041] The memory can include, by way of example but not limitation, random access memory (RAM). such as ‘dynamic RAM (DRAM) and staic RAM (SRAM). The riemory can be local, remote, or distributed. The bus can also couple the processor to non-volatile storage. The » volatile storage is often magnetic floppy or hard disk, & magnetie-optical disk, an optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), such as a CD-ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM, 2 ‘magnetic oF optical cant, oF another form of storage for lage amounts of data. Some of this data is offen written, by @ direct memory access process, into memory during execu tion of software on the computer system, The non-volatile storage ean be local, remote, or distributed. The non-volatile Oct. 27, 2016 storage is optional because systems ean be ereated with all applicable data available in memory [0042] Software is typically stored in the non-volstile Storage. Indeed, for large programs, it may not even be possible to store the entire program in the memory. Never- theless it should be understood that for software (© run, if necessary, it is moved to # computerreadable loeation or processing, and for ilustrative purposes, that fered to as the memory in this paper. Even when software is moved to the memory for execution, the processor will typically make use of hardware registers to Sore valves associated with the sofiware, and local cache tha, ideally, serves to speed up execution. As used herein, & software program is assumed to be stored at an applicable ‘known or convenient location (from non-volatile storage t0 ‘hardware registers) when the sofiware program is referred t0 as “implemented in a eomputer-readable storage medium.” ‘processor is considered to be “configured To execiite & pragram” when at least one value associated with the program is stored in a register readable by the processor. [0043] In one example of operation, a computer system «an be controlled by operating system software, which i a software prognim that includes a file management system, such as a disk operating system. One example of operating System software with associated file mangement system software is the family of operating systems. known as Windows® fom Microsoft Comporation of Redmond. Wash,, and their associated file management systems Another example of operating system software with its associated file management system software isthe Linux ‘operating system and ts associated file management system, The file management system is typically stored in the non-volatile storage and eauses the pracessor fo execute the various aets required by the operating system to input and ‘output data aad to store data in the memory, including Storing files on the non-volatile storage [0044] The bus can also couple the processor to the interface. The interface ean include one or more input andior ‘output (1) devices. The 1/0 deviees can include, by way of fexample bat not limitation, keyboard, « mouse of other pointing device, disk drives, printers, a'seanner, and other WO devices, including a display device. The display device can include, by way of example but not limitation, cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid erystal display (LCD), or some other ‘applicable known or convenient display device, The inter fice can include one or more of a modem or network interface, It will be appreciated that a modem or network interface can be considersd to be part of the computer system, The interface can include an analog modem, isda ‘modem, cable modem, token ring interface, Fthernet inter face, satelite transmission interface (@. “iret PC"), oF other interfaces for coupling a computer system to other ‘computer systems. Inlerlaces enable computer systems and ther devices to be coupled together in # network. 0045] A computer system can be implemented as a mod- ‘ule, a8 past of a module, or tough multiple modules, As ‘used inthis paper, module includes one or more processors ‘ora portion thereof. A portion of one or more processors can jnclide some portion of hardware less than all of the hharcware comprising any given one or more processors, stich as a subset of registers, the portion of the processor adiated to one oF more threads of 4 multithreaded pro- cessor, time slice daring which the processor is wholly oF partially dedicated to carrying out part of the module's US 2016/0311544 Al fupeonaliy, oF the Hike. As seb, a fist module and @ second mode ean ave one oF more dedicated proceso ‘rast module anda second mode can share one or more proceisrs with one another or other modules. Depending Upon implementation-speciic oF ether considerations, 2 ‘ule canbe eetralzed or is fascionality distabuted. 8 module can nce hariware, mare, or software embed- {ot in a computeereadable medium for excetion by the processor Te processor transforms dat ino new data Using Implemented data sirctures and. mithods, sch as is

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