TRIGONOMETRY

Right Triangle Definitions

opp
adj
sin
cos
hyp
hyp
opp
adj
tan
cot
adj
opp
hyp
hyp
sec
csc
adj
opp

Circular Definitions
sin
tan
sec

Reduction Formulas

cos(2u ) cos u sin u

2

cos(2u ) 2 cos u 1

tan(2u )

2 tan u

cot

x
r

csc

1 cos(2u )

2
1 cos(2u )

2
1 cos(2u )

sin u

tan u

1 tan u

r
y

x
r
x

tan x

y
r

sec x

sin x

cot x

cos x
1

csc x

cos x

sin x
1
sin x

Pythagorean Identities
2

sin cos 1
2

1 tan sec
1 cot csc

Cofunction Identities

sin

x sin x
2

x tan x
2

x sec x
2

x cos x cos

tan
x cot x cot
2

sec
x csc x csc
2

1 cos(2u )

Product to Sum Formulas

sin u sin v 0.5[cos(u v ) cos(u v )]
cos u cos v 0.5[cos(u v ) cos(u v )]
sin u cos v 0.5[sin(u v ) sin(u v )]
cos u sin v 0.5[sin(u v ) sin(u v )]

cos x

Power Reducing Formulas

cos u

cos(2u ) 1 2 sin u

cos

Sum and Difference Formulas

cos(u v ) cos u cos v msin u sin v
sin(u v ) sin u cos v cos u sin v
tan u tan v
tan(u v )
1 mtan u tan v

sin( x ) sin( x ) cos( x) cos( x )

tan( x ) tan( x ) cot( x ) cot( x )
sec( x ) sec( x )
csc( x ) csc( x )

Double Angle Formulas

sin(2u ) 2 sin u cos u

Other Identities

Special Angles
cos 0 1 cos
sin 0 0 sin

3
2
1
2

cos
sin

2
2
2
2

cos
sin

cos

2
3
2

sin

0
1

Derivative Rules
d
dx
d
dx
d
dx

sin x cos x
2

tan x sec x
sec x sec x tan x

d
dx
d
dx
d
dx

cos x sin x
2

cot x csc x
csc x csc x cot x

d
dx
d
dx
d
dx

arcsin x
arctan x
arc sec x

1
1 x
1

x 1
1
2

x x 1

dx
d
dx
d
dx

ln x

1
x

cosh x sinh x
sinh x cosh x

ln a a

dx
d n
n 1
x n x
dx