Experimental

5 drops of the sample were placed in 3 separate test tubes and were labelled
as Test Tube 1, Test Tube 2 and Test Tube 3, respectively. For Test Tube 1, 8 drops of
nitrating agent were added. It was shook well and was observed. Afterwards, it was
heated in warm water for 8 minutes. 20 drops of distilled water were then added
and as observed. If a yellow upper layer or yellow precipitate can be seen, it can be
classified as a nitrated hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon. Otherwise, it can be
classified as a non-nitrated hydrocarbon or aliphatic hydrocarbon. For Test Tube 2, 3
drops of bromine were added and was observed. Colorless solution will be then
seen. Bromine reagent will be then added dropwise until there is no color change. If
it colored within 3 drops, it can be classified as non-brominated hydrocarbon or
saturated hydrocarbon. If it colored with more than 3 drops, brominated
hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon. For Test Tube 3, 3 drops of 0.1 M

KMnO 4

were then added. Afterwards, 2 drops of 10% NaOH were added. It was

then heated in a warm water bath for 2 minutes and was observed. If brown
precipitate in colorless solution or blue-green solution can be observed, it can be
classified as oxidized hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and alkylated
hydrocarbon. If violet solution can be seen, it can be classified as non-oxidized
hydrocarbon or saturated hydrocarbon and non-alkylated hydrocarbon.