ASSIGNMENT: 2

TOEFL for THE 4th SEMESTER

Directions:
Choose the best answer of the following questions based on the text.
Each text must be translated into Indonesia.
Find 5 words in each text and give the synonym or similar meaning to each.
All answers must be written down on the paper followed by name, class/numbering
TEXT 1.
A tomahawk is a small ax used as a tool and a weapon by the North American
Indian tribes. An average tomahawk was not very long and did not weigh a great deal.
Originally, the head of the tomahawk was made of a shaped stone or an animal bone and
was mounted on a wooden handle. After the arrival of the European settlers, the Indians
began to use tomahawks with iron heads. Indian males and females of all ages used
tomahawks to chop and cut wood, pound stakes into the ground, to put up wigwams, and
do many other chores. Indian warriors relied on tomahawks as weapons and even threw
them at their enemies. Some types of tomahawks were used in religious ceremonies.
Contemporary American idioms reflect his aspect of American heritage.
1.
A.
B.
C.

Early tomahawks heads were made of ...

Stone or bone
D. Religious weapons
Wood or stick
E. Iron or Stone
European iron

2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Based on the passage we can infer that ...

Tomahawks were made because of the security purpose
It was very hopeless to make tomahawks among Indian tribes
Tomahawks were made just after the European step on in America
The old heritage of American weapons is only tomahawks
American Indian tribes are closely associated with tomahawks

3. The following statements are about the tomahawks, except :

A. They were originally made of stone or bone
B. Every Indian tribes used tomahawks in all their activities
C. Neither of the female Indian applied tomahawks at that age
D. The arrival of the European bought about the change on materials used for
tomahawks head
E. Tomahawks have been known as one of American heritages
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Based on the text, what did probably the European step on American for ?
For trading interests.
Missionary purposes.
Introducing innovative technology.
Occupying the Indian tribes land.
In order to unify all Indian tribes in America.

5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

How has the Indian use of tomahawks affected American daily life today ?
Tomahawks are still used as weapons.
Tomahawks are used as tools for certain jobs.
Contemporary language refers to tomahawks.
Indian tribes cherish them as heirlooms.
Most of Amerian warriors use them in religious ceremony.

TEXT 2.
Peru is reforming its maritime transportation system. New regulations designed to
reduce port costs and increase efficiency have already had encouraging results. As a
result of these reforms, Peru has established itself as the gateway for the exports to the
booming Pacific Rim markets. These reforms have been in three areas: labor, regulations,
and custom clearances.
High labor costs had sabotaged Perus import and export businesses. Where once
80% of all goods had been transported by ship, ports in recent years had been moving
only half of their capacity. Shipping companies had taken their business to Chilean ports
where costs were a six what they were in Peru. Reform in this was needed quickly.
Consequently, agreements with port workers now allow shippers and receivers to make
their prices competitive with other ports in Latin America. The port workers benefit as
well, since many have formed limited partnerships or cooperatives.
Prior to the reforms, 60% of all exports had to be shipped on Peruvian flag-carriers.
That regulation has been abolished and has opened the ports to ships from around the
world. This increase in traffic meant that dock procedures had to be streamlined.
Accordingly, customs regulations were made more efficient and commercial processing,
is accomplished more quickly.
6. Why were reforms necessary ?
A. The industry was outdated
B. Corruption was the norm
C. Labor regulations were being violated
D. The shipping industry was inefficient and costly
E. Because of the succession of Peru government
7. What are Peruvian shippers most interested in ?
A. North America
D. Chile
B. Latin America
E. No one above
C. The Pacific Rim
8. What can we infer from paragraph 2 ?
A. Peru restricted any exports through its zone.
B. Reform is needed in administering the cost of labor and shipment.
C. There are many causes of reform movement in export and import policy.
D. The government of Peru had abolished custom regulation at all.
E. Peru reformed custom regilations because of its main role in the world trading.
9. According to report, why were dock procedures streamlined ?
A. To make them easier to compete
B. To reduce labor costs
C. To handle increased traffic
D. To satisfy the dock workers
E. To match the norm of prior regulation
10. -- that regulation has been abolished and has .. (par. 4). The opposite of the
underlined word is .
A. initiated
D. interrupted
B. demolished
E. halted
C. eliminated

TEXT 3.

The killdeer is a commonly found shore bird that inhabits the area between
southern Canada and South America. As with all plovers, its soft contour feathers with
barbs and barbules impart a sleek appearance to its body while its down feathers
insulate it from the winter cold and the summer heat. The males loud shrill, which seems
to say kill-deer, warns other males away from his territory. Ornithologists do not consider
the killdeer a true songbird because its throat muscles are not structured to make
melodious notes.
Killdeers are distinguished by the two black bands that mark their chest and neck.
Camouflaged by their protective grayish brown pigment, killdeers build nests that cradle
the eggs and the young in shallow depressions in field and open meadow. Because their
nests lie directly on the ground, the young are able to run about as soon as they hatch.
Killdeers are incubatory creatures and brood their own babies. When a predator
approaches the nest or the birds young, the mother try to distract the intruder by
dragging one of her wings as if it were injured. Farmers are particularly fond of killdeers
because they feed on insects that damage crops. Because whole flocks of killdeers in the
wild have vanished due to over hunting, game laws have been enacted to protect these
plovers from poaching.
11. It
A.
B.
C.

can be inferred from the passage that killdeer usually live

in the brush
D. near cities
in mountains
E. in jungle
near ocean

12. What is the reason given for the birds name ?

A. It has a distinctive bands.
B. It has a peculiar song.
C. It kills young deer.
D. It eats deer fodder.
E. It has soft contour feathers
13. In
A.
B.
C.

line 7 paragraph 1, the word melodious is closest in meaning to :

Memorable
D. marvelous
Musical
E. husky
Mellow

14. How does the mother bird mislead its enemies ?

A. By pretending to be vulnerable
B. By blending in with the background
C. By building low-lying nests
D. By scaring them away with her cry
E. By hiding among the damage crops
15. According to the passage, farmers...
A. form foundations to protect killdeers.
B. appreciate the effects of killdeers.
C. camouflage killdeer nests and eggs.
D. provide killdeers with food and insects.
E. breed them around their crops plantation