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    Lonely Planet - Japanese Phrasebook PDF

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    f londly pnet language survival kit Japanese Phrasebook ‘Ist edition Published by Lonely Planet Publications Head Office: PO Box 617, Hawthorn, Victoria 9122, Australia US Office: PO Box 2001A, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA Printed by Coloreraft, Hong Kong Published December 1989 Editor Chris Taylor Design, cover Ann Jeffree design & illustrations Typesetting Ann Jeffree National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data Chambers, Kevin, Japanese Phrasebook ISBN 0 86442 067 6. 1, Japanese language - Conversation and phrase books - English, I. Palmer, Wesley. IL. Title 495.6°83'421 © Copyright Lonely Planet, 1989 Allrights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except brief extracts for the purpose of review, without the written permission of the publisher and copyright owner. Contents INTRODUCTION PRONUNCIATION Vowels - Consonants GRAMMAR Word Order - Verbs - Adjectives - Questions - Yes & No - Pronouns - Nouns - Place Words - Particles - Uh GREETINGS & CIVILITIES Forms of Address - Attracting Someone’s Attention - Greetings - Welcome - Meeting People - Goodbyes - Thanking People - Gifts - Other Civilities SMALL TALK Family Terms - About Yourself - Nationalities - Some Useful Phrases ACCOMMODATION Checking In - Checking Out - At the Laundry GETTING AROUND Trains - On the Bus - Instructions - Some Useful Words - Some Useful Phrases AROUND TOWN Addresses - At the Post Office - At the Bank - Things to See & Do - Nightlife - Emergencies IN THE COUNTRY Animals - Weather - Some Useful Phrases - Place Names 11 33 41 50 59 FOOD Mealtimes - Drinks - Fruit -Seafood-Egg- 65 Meat - Vegetables - Soups - Seasonings - Grains - Miscellaneous Food - Some Useful Words - Japanese Food - Some Useful Phrases SHOPPING Bargaining - Shopping - At the Camera 82 Shop - Stationery - Clothes - Quantities - Some Useful Phrases HEALTH Allergies - At the Chemist - Parts of the 94 Body - Some Useful Words - Some Useful Phrases TIME & DATES Telling Time - Dates - Festivals - 101 Seasons NUMBERS Counters - Money - Measurements 108 VOCABULARY 113 Introduction Virtually every citizen of Japan is an ethnic Japanese and speaks Japanese. A very ethnically homogeneous nation, the only minorities in Japan are about 600,000 Koreans and the few thousand Ainu of Hokkaido Island, Most of the Koreans were brought to Japan as slave labourers between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was a Japanese colony. The ‘round-eyed’ and bearded Ainu were the original inhabitants of Japan but were pushed into the far north by the Yamato people who we now think of as the Japanese. Today there are far more foreign businesspeople in Japan than there are Ainu. Even the most arrogant of the first western visitors to Japan remarked upon the politeness of the Japanese. Although Japanese exclusiveness (‘we Japanese versus outsiders’) irks many foreigners, the Japanese remain extraordinarily polite toward visitors. The Japanese tend to be reserved but very friendly and helpful if you break the ice. The Japanese language is a member of the Tungusic- Altaic language group which includes Mongolian and Korean. Japanese is structurally quite different from Chinese. However, since they didn’t have a writing system of their own, the Japanese began using Chinese characters (Ranji) between the 5th and 9th centuries. In the 9th century the Japanese devised a phonetic syllabary called kana to supplement the ideographic kanji with Japanese verb inflections and particles, To make matters even more complicated, two different kana syllabaries evolved: hiragana for writing native words and katakana for writing foreign words. 5 6 Introduction Although some Japanese tend to be suspicious of foreigners who speak their language too fluently, they greatly appreciate any effort by visitors to use their language. Many Japanese speak at least a little English and bewildered-looking foreigners will often be approached with an offér of help. This book is designed to help you travel independently and to communicate your needs and ideas without offence. It is by no means a text for learning the complexities of Japanese grammar. Learning Japanese is, however, very rewarding and it is hoped that this book will whet the reader's appetite to learn more. Fora humorous introduction to the Japanese language pick up a copy of Jack Seward’s Japanese in Action (John Weatherhill Inc, New York and Tokyo, 1968), Good luck in your travels. Umaku iku yo ni! Pronunciation It’s fairly easy for English speakers to pronounce Japanese. There is also very little variance in stress. Equal weight is given to every syllable of a word unless it has a lengthened vowel sound, in which case the duration of the sound is doubled, Although pitch is important in Japanese, simply following the pronunciation guide will allow you to be understood. Throughout this phrasebook you will find both Japanese script and the romanised (romaji) forms of writing used side- by-side. Although it takes some dedication to learn the 2000 kanji necessary to read most Japanese writing, learning the kana syllabaries (hiragana and katakana)is a useful task that can be done in a few days. Use the chart overleaf to memorise them. Vowels a as ‘a’ in ‘father’ i as ‘i’ in ‘macaroni’ u as ‘u’ in ‘flu’ e as ‘e’ in ‘get’ o as ‘o’ in ‘lot’ ‘Vowels appearing in this book with a barover them (4, é, i, 0, Z) are pronounced long ~ about twice as long as regular vowels. ‘This isa vital difference, as anyone who has confused komon. (adviser) with kOmon (anus) can tell you. The ‘wu’ in the common polite verb desu (am, is, are) is muted and hardly pronounced at all. 8 Pronunciation KATAKANA Pronunciation 9 HIRAGANA 10 Pronunciation Consonants Consonants are pronounced the same as in English, with the following exceptions: f s where ‘f’, sometimes romanised as ‘h’, appears in romanised Japanese it should be pronounced much lighter than in English ~ the easiest way to approximate this Japanese sound is to purse the lips and blow lightly if a word starts with a ‘g’, it is given a hard sound as in ‘goal’; In the middle of a word it is often nasalised as ‘ng’ given a more nasal sound than in English when it occurs as a final consonant - otherwise like the ‘n’ in ‘no’ pronounced with the tip of the tongue quickly touching the ridge just behind the upper front teeth; somewhere between an ‘I’ and an ‘r’ always given a hard sound as in ‘saw’ Double consonants are pronounced as separate syllables. kissaten (coffee shop), for example, is pronounced as kis-saten. Grammar Word Order Unlike English, where the word order is subject-verb-object, the word order of a Japanese sentence is subject-object-verb. In other words, while in English we would say: Who hit the ball? a Japanese would say the equivalent of: Who the ball hit? In speech, unnecessary words are omitted from the sentence. The Japanese rely upon the listener to determine the meaning by context. Often the verb phrase is all there is to a sentence, leaving the listener to figure out who is being talked about. Verbs The verb is the most important part of the sentence. The Japanese penchant for omitting superfluous information often leaves the verb clause as the entire sentence. Verbs remain unchanged no matter how many people are being talked about. Thusikimasu can mean: Igo, yougo, he (she, it) goes, we go, and they go. Politeness Japanese verbs take endings that express politeness. The addition of masu to a verb makes it both more polite and, il 12 Grammar fortunately for the non-native speaker, easier to conjugate. Masu forms have been used throughout this book. For some examples of how they inflect, see the “Tense’ section. Tense Verbs only have the present and past tenses. The future tense is indicated by the present tense used in combination with time indicating adverbs such as ‘next month’. Here are some examples of how a few common verbs are conjugated; verb polite ending past tense negative to go go went doesn’t go iku tkimasu thimashita thimasen tocome come came doesn’t come kuru kimasu kimashita kimasen todrink drink drank doesn’t drink nomu nomimasu nomimashita nomimasen to eat eat ate doesn’t eat. taberu tabemasu tabemashita tabemasen tohave have had doesn’t have aru arimasu arimashita arimasen Desu We can think of desu as roughly equivalent tothe verb ‘to be’ in English, eg: lam Australian. watashi wa dsutorariajin desu Grammar 13 Negatives To make most statements negative, replace desu (am, is, are) with dewa arimasen, sometimes, in informal Japanese, contracted to ja arimasen. Tam Australian. watashi wa dsutorartajin desu Tam not Australian. watashi wa Osutorariajin dewa arimasen The masu ending, which is taken by all verbs other than desu, can be made negative by replacing the su ending with sen: I speak Japanese. watashi wa nihongo o hanashimasu I don’t speak Japanese. watashi wa nihongo o hanashimasen Adjectives As in English, adjectives (and adverbs) precede the words they modify, Thus: A cheap hotel. yasul hoteru Negative In the negative, the i ending is replaced by ku and the verb arimasen added. Thus: This hotel isn’t cheap. kono hoteru wa yasuku arimasen 14 Grammar Questions Aka at the end of a sentence indicates a yes or no question. Simply add the particle ka after the verb. Thus: This is a cheap hotel. Is this a cheap hotel? kore wa yasui hoteru desu kore wa yasut hoteru desu ka? For more specific questions the following question words are used: who donata (polite) dare (informal) which dochira (polite) dore (informal) what nan* nani where doko when itsu how dé How many thutsu How much ikura Why naze who are you? donata desu ka? which one is it? dochira desu ka? what are you doing? nani o shite tmasu ka? where is it? doko desu ka? when are you going? itsu ikimasu ka? how is it? (what’s it like?) do desu ka? how much is it? ikura desu ka? *nan before b, p, d, t, n, r, z, and nani before others Grammar 15 Yes & No The word for ‘no’ is ite. However, in most situations, asimple tie willsound brusque to the Japanese. Make your ‘no’ alittle more polite: I'm sorry, but no. He, sumimasen To say ‘yes’, youcan either say hai or hai followed by the verb in the question. You will also hear the less emphatic ee. Are you Australian? anata wa dsutorariajin desu ka? Yes, I’m Australian. hai, dsutorariajin desu Pronouns Personal pronouns aren’t used as often in Japanese as in English. They are often omitted if they are obvious from the context. Also, although the word for ‘I’ is romanised as watakushi, you are more likely to hear and use the slightly less formal watashi when you are interacting with Japanese. Add the polite suffix wa to pronouns when talking about others. Note the Japanese have no word for ‘it’, and that the pronouns ‘he’ (kare) and ‘she’ (kanojo) are more often than not replaced by phrases meaning ‘that person’. When speaking of people the suffix tachi can be added toa pronoun to indicate plurality. I, me watakushi you anata he, she (that person) ano hito we, us watakushitachi you (plural) anatatachi they (those persons) ano hitotacht — 16 Grammar Demonstratives Pronouns beginning with ko refer to ‘this thing’ or ‘this place’; pronouns beginning with so refer to ‘that thing’ or ‘that place’ close to the person you are addressing; pronouns beginning with @ refer to ‘that place’ or ‘that thing’ at a distance from both speaker and listener. this/these kore that/those (close to you) sore that/those (far from you) are here koko there (close to you) soko there (far from you) asoko Nouns sapanese nouns don’t indicate number; shokudé can mean ‘arestaurant’, ‘the restaurant’, or ‘restaurants’. The listener has to use context to guess how many restaurants are being talked about. The major exception is when oie about people, See the ‘Pronouns’ section. Grammar 17 Place Words These common place words are used after nouns to indicate relative location: above . no ue ni behind no ushiro ni beside . no soba ni front no mae ni inside no naka nt outside no soto ni under no shita ni opposite . no muk6é ni inside the station inside the station eki no naka ni opposite the bank ginkd no muké ni Particles In Japanese, a number of particles attach themselves to words and phrases in order, basically, to indicate the relationship of the preceding word to the word or words that follow. wa The particle wa indicates that the preceding noun is the subject of the sentence: Tam an Australian. watakushi wa dsutorariajin desu lwa Australian am. no The particle no, placed between nouns, indicates that the second noun belongs to the first: —- 18 Grammar This is my luggage. kore wa watakushi no nimotsu desu This wa I no luggage is. o A word followed by o, is the object of the sentence: I speak Japanese. watakushi wa nihongo o hanashimasu I wa Japanese o speak. Note that this is different to the o used as a polite prefix, which is the equivalent of saying ‘honourable * Don’t add the o when speaking of your own situation. How are you? o-genki desu ka? o health is ka? ni The particle ni indicates location: live in Japan. nihon nt sunde imasu Japan ni live. de The particle de indicates activity in a location: lam travelling in Japan. nihon de ryok6 shite imasu Japan de travel doing am. Grammar 19 e The particle e indicates movement towards a place: Tm going to Japan. nuhon. e ikimasu Japan e go. kara The particle kara indicates movement away from a place: I'm going from Japan nihon kara chukoku e to China. ikimasu Japan kara China e go. Uh You will no doubt often hear the words ano and eto during your stay in Japan. They are not actually words, but the Japanese equivalents of the English ‘uh’. Uh, I don’t know. ano, wakarimasen Uh, excuse me. eto, sumimasen Greetings & Civilities Forms of Address The Japanese equivalent of ‘Mr’, ‘Mrs’, or ‘Miss’ is san. It’s an all-purpose polite suffix that should be added on tothe family name. A person whose family name is Watanabe should be addressed as watanabe-san. The title sama serves the same purpose as san. but is more formal. Never refer to yourself or anyone in your immediate family as ........ san as this address is reserved as a means of showing respect to others. Most Japanese have a two-part name consisting of a family name and a given name. Traditionally, the family name precedes the given name in writing or speech, but, since many Japanese switch the order to accommodate foreigners, it is best to ask which is the family name if you are unsure. Do not address acquaintances by their given names, 2 Very important words in Japanese are ddzo (please) and arigaté gozaimasu (thank you) - use them liberally. Dézo can be used in situations such as inviting someone to be seated or to enter a doorway before you. Arigatd gozaimasu can be shortened to arigaté and is often used in conjunction with domo. Attracting Someone's Attention If you need to attract someone's attention, the Japanese equivalent of ‘excuse me’ is sumimasen. Before approaching someone for assistance of any kind it is polite to preface your question with this expression. In shops itis possible to call for attention with gomen kudasai. 20 Greetings & Civilities 21 Greetings There is no real all purpose word for ‘hello’ in Japanese. Rather the Japanese use a number of different expressions at different times of the day: Good morning. aha ohayd gozaimasu HiLkACEOET Good afternoon. Ronnichiwa LAKSBD Good evening. { Ronbanwa CAMA Hello (on the telephone) moshi moshi SLdL Welcome Animportant greeting you will hear when you enter Japanese homes, shops, restaurants, even lifts is irasshaimase (welcome). There is no need to respond. Meeting People When meeting for the first time, the Japanese have a number of expressions which correspond roughly to the English expressions ‘how do you do’ and ‘pleased to meet. you’. The speaker accompanies his/her introduction with a bow. 22 Greetings & Civilities How do you do. hajimemashite dozo ZUOEL TEAS yoroshiku £4LS How do you do. (reply) hajimemashite kochira eUHEULTIBSLE koso yoroshiku LAWS Pleased to meet you. yoroshiku onegaishimasn KOL< SAW LED Japanese has a greeting that is the equivalent. of ‘how are you?’, but it is used far less frequently than in English. As a general rule, you should only ask someone if you have not seen them for several days: How are you? : ogenki desu ka? BULB CT PD How are you? (formal) gokigen wa ikaga desu ka? (BYR IL geal es > Fine, and you? okagesamade, ........ BOIFSEC, SAM (name) san wa? Goodbyes Goodbye. 4 sayonara : Sie BtES See you later/again. Ja mata CP eve Goodnight. oyasumi nasal BRAGA Y Ifyou have to break off a conversation or take your leave from company, the polite thing to say is: Greetings & Civilities 23 Excuse me. (literally, ‘Tm going to be rude’) shitsurei shimasu KALLE Ihave to go. e oitomashimasu BOERLET Thanking People Japanese has a number of ways of expressing gratitude, the simplest of which being domo (thanks). More polite is the expression arigat6 gozaimasu. You will often here the two expressions piled on top of each other, démo arigaté gozaimasu. Gifts It is common for Japanese people to give gifts as an expression of gratitude for favours or when parting with friends. In formal situations the receiver often unwraps the gift when the giver has left. Please accept this gift. tsumaranai mono desu Dt ORWMtTA, ga, dézo #4e It’s nothing special. taishita mono kW Lew els dewa arimasen SM EGA Thankyou very much. domo arigaté gozaimasu CD HANMLA TRWEF Other Civilities I'm happy to meet you. % hajimemashite ILUEDELT 24 Greetings & Civilities Please. (when presenting something) __ ddzo ae Please. (when asking for something) onegai shimasu BABI LES No. tie WW A, Yes. hai ata) You're welcome. hase! dé itashimashite EMWELELT Excuse me. sumimasen THEA I'm sorry. , gomen nasai CHA AW Do you understand? wakarimasu ka? POET I don’t understand. wakarimasen DHPVYEtA J understand. wakarimasu peor Be careful. ki o tsukete kudasat REWTHAW This is Mr, Mrs, Miss ........ Rochira wa .......: sandesu CH5lk SACH Small Talk Qutside cosmopolitan Tokyo, don’t be surprised to be approached by college-aged Japanese or young sararimen (salarymen) wanting to strike up a conversation. Although most Japanese are reluctant to try out their English or risk an embarrassing situation with a foreigner, their desire to be helpful will often overcome their reserve. One of the most effective icebreakers you can use to meet Japanese (and vice versa) isto ask them to take your picture in front of something, anything, Approach them with your camera, smile and say sumimasen (excuse me), and point at your camera and then at your nose (the way Japanese signify ‘me’). This invariably results in much smiling, bowing, and exploratory chit-chat if you follow the picture taking with any of the following questions: Are you a student? anata wa gakusei HORSE CTH desu ka? Where are you from? dochira kara ESSPOWSL EN irashaimashita ka? #LEM Are you on holiday? Rydka desuka? hE > A> Have you been here before? mae ni koko nikitakoto BUCS ere oka ga arimasu ka? HOTA 26 26 Small Talk Foreigners are so common in Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, and Kyoto that you probably won’t attract a second glance in these cities. Outside these major cities, however, you may turn a few heads. The Japanese word for foreigner, gaijin, may be murmured by passers-by, or screamed by surprised motorists. If you wish to beckon to someone, gesture with the palm facing down and the fingers fluttering up and down - never beckon or point with one finger. It would be a faux pas of equal magnitude to address someone by their given name, Always use the person’s family name, preceded by a title such as Mr, Mrs or Miss. indicating self “beckoning Family Terms Modesty is a great virtue in Japan and is expressed not only by action but also by vocabulary. There are different words for what is yours and what is another’s. Special respect words are used when speaking of another person’s relatives. father gi (one’s own) chichi A (others’) otdsan BLAA Small Talk 27 mother (one’s own) haha EE (others’) okdsan BES A husband (one’s own) shujin. $A (others’) soshujin CHA wife 3g, (one’s own) tsuma ; (others’) okusan BC aA friend otomodachi BRIS About Yourself Expect to be asked questions about your age, what company you work for, and how many children you have, Learn a few phrases that tell others about yourself. Incidentally, if an acquaintance you bump into says ‘where are you going?’ dochira e? it’s acommon greeting and you aren’t.expected to give an explanation - a reply such as ‘just down the street’ is polite. Meeting People May I ask your name? Z o-namae wa nan desu ka? BA Hi (do) Cr A> My name is ........ a namae wa........ desu BH bh Oe How old are you? o-ikutsu desu ka? BwER DON ECA We oedp LyA— 4H ! 36 Accommodation bathroom otearai fan senpitkt hotel hoteru inn ryokan lock jomae toilet benjo I would like........ pias ga hoshii no desu ga blanket mofu towel taoru some ice Rori May I have........? 0 itadakemasu ka? tea ocha a menu menyit breakfast choshoku lunch chashoku BPH HAS Fe RF Mv ‘ie eR Beni] (PT BRLUIO TEAS Ei IAM aK weORRGET AD Accommodation 37 supper (dinner) yitshoku eR the bill o-kanjo 0 o-negai Shee SW LES shimasu Some Useful Words air-conditioning reibo ‘ale ashtray 7 haizara a chair isu i f- clean kirei aA curtain _ katen A-FY dirty . kitanai iW door to A expensive a takai fay heating danbo Lip hot water oyu bY key kagi Be laundry sentaku eit 38 Accommodation light bulb denkya mirror kagami newspaper shinbun noisy yakamasht pillow makura sleep (v) nemuru stay (v) taizai suru soap sekken towel taoru Checking Out Tm checking out........ aeiniees tachimasu now ima midday hiru tomorrow ashita tomorrow morning asu no asa Bi wri PPE LW i Ik ited A toitéA oF Ie 1A a Can I leave my, stuff with you until. se MG oo no nimotsu o azukatte itedakemasu ka? this afternoon gogo this evening konban Could I have the bill? okanjéoo-negai shimasu? Would you get me a taxi? takushi o yonde kudasaimasu ka? At the Laundry blouse burausu button botan cleaned Ruriningu shita handkerchief hankachifu ironed. airon shita pants zubon press (v) puresu suru Accommodation 39 ok CHO HF PotTOKRLe sD Be ai Ly 7 & SOEEBROLED PAVEPACKAW pide Lore Rey PWYSyvP UE ISSR HT FAaYLE AR Y FLATS 40 Accommodation pullover puru 6bd shirt waishatsu skirt sukato socks Rutsushita underwear shitagi zipper chakku Some Useful Phrases Is there a laundry nearby? senickuya wa chikaku nt arimasu ka? Ineed it today. Ryd irimasu Ineed it tommorrow. ashita irimasu. Can you mend this? kore o tsukurotte itadakemasu ka? Please iron this. atron o kakete kudasai F va — sh FA prey An} SOP Lte® FAVE Hiveitipdic BOF +p Sawoes Bagot THD 4a CW RT EF > T4{UvYEPIFTR AW Getting Around Japan has one of the best public transportation systems in the world. You should have no need of a private car since taxis, buses, subways, and trains can quickly get you to any corner of the country. Getting around is easy if you can pronounce the name of your destination. Taxis can be hailed anywhere, but are most easily found in front. of hotels or at taxi stands. Watch out for the automatic doors on taxis. Stand back and let the driver open and close the door. Finding a taxi out of one of the entertainment districts late at night will be difficult. Everyone is trying to find a taxi, and it may be necessary to hold up two or three fingers to indicate that you are willing to pay double or triple the metered fare. Otherwise, don’t try to bargain for taxis (except for occasional long-distance taxi trips). Taxis are always metered. Use the subways in Tokyo and Osaka; they're quicker and cheaper than the taxis. Obtain a subway route map with the stations written in both English and Japanese. If you get lost just look for a Japanese person who doesn’t seem to be in a hurry (hard to find) and point to your destination on the map. Japanese are invariably very helpful to disoriented foreigners. Subway lines are colour coded and most stations have a route map with romanised names posted near the ticket vendors. Subway tickets and short-distance train tickets are sold from ticket machines at the stations. Long-distance train tickets must be purchased at ticket windows. Unlike the 41 42 Getting Around subways, train stations usually do not have a romanised version of the train system posted. Simply write down your destination and show it to the ticket seller, Ifyou take one of the super-speedy bullet trains (shinkansen) be aware that there are two types: the kodama which makes frequent stops, and the hikari which zips past. the lesser stations. From town to town you can also go by bus. Buses are air- conditioned and comfortable, although Jeg-room may be a problem for tall passengers. Where is the ........? awnaeiee wa doko desu ka? train station eki bus stop basu teiryujo airport kako ticket office kippu uriba subway station chikatetsu no eki When is the ......., bus? see basu wa itsu desu ka? first shihatsu next. tsugi no last saishu wttE Leta BR DACA ZAHk WRF re dH FEEDER Aldred Getting Around 43 Trains If you are travelling long distance by train there is quite a wide range of choices, depending on how fast and how comfortable you would like your trip to be. You will see the following kinds of train: bullet train shinkansen RR limited express tokya AR ordinary express = ky ako att local trains : futsu TS Local train fares represent a base to which additional amounts are added in keeping with the speed and comfort of the train you are travelling on. first class . a gurinsha Aor reserved _— shiteiseki fae unreserved . i eer jiyaseki y, 44 Getting Around Buying Tickets Where can I buy a ticket. Cir... 6ch deserts yuki no kippu wa doko de kaemasu ka? How much isthe fareto........? sateen made ikura desu ka? Single. Ratamichi Return. dfuku Can Ibuy a ticket on the day? tdjitsuken wa arimasu. ka? On the Train Does this train go to Rono densha wa... ikimasu ka? Where doI change for ........ ? seeneees e wa doko de norikaemasu ka? Is the next station ........ e tsugi no eRi wa ........ desu ka? Where are we now? ima doko desu ka? In the Subway Do you have an English subway map? eigo no chikatetsu no chizu ga arimasu ka? fl SOULE LS AAETD wk Cll BSED Wa Ei 4A ls, HOST MD COBH AT ett we MES SREY BAETD KOR otD Ba Ole FROME D SNETD Whichline doI take for........? cee ni tku ni wa nani sen ni nottara ii desu ka? Which emt do I need for .. e - ni wa dono deguchi wa it desu ka? Where is the ...,.... exit? Reais guchi wa doko desu ka? east higashi west nishi north Rita south minami On the Bus Where canI get abusto........? meee yuki no basu wa doko de noremasu ka? How much is it to ........? etalon made ikura desu ka? Will you tell me when we COULD secsnens ? See aey ga kitara oshiete Rkudasaimasu ka? Getting Around 45 CACTI IC AAT RR IE KRakounetm MT SKE ILE OH A tk Weg Bde CET A WATE ORAILELS FEE TF > CWS OST PRR ORATFaW 46 Getting Around Instructions Let’s go! tkimasho! Please hurry, hayaku itte kudasai Please slow down. motto yukkuri ni itte kudasai Please stop. tomatte kudasai Please wait here. koko de matte kudasai Please go to ......., sue. nt itte Rudasai airport kiatko this address kono jusho the bank ginké the embassy taishikan city hall shiyakusho the market ichiba stadium kydgije university daigaku WAELES BC WoT PAI SrtOo6 Noe FeW IEa TF AaW CoCHoT FaMW wot Fa “Sie < OEE MT ST Ate if i BEAT His Bide Directions go straight ahead massugu nt itte kudasai north kita south minami east higashi west nishi Please turn ........ i en ni magatte kudasai left hidari right migi Locations above ue ni behind ushiro ni below shita ni here koko next to tonari ni opposite mukai ni Getting Around 47 HaPcikfot Paw dc Ee Es a Kthoet Faw ‘a 4 Ie HAZ Ric rae ees feo temp uvic 48 Getting Around over there asoko BET there soko zc Some Useful Words alley : yokocha BERT bicycle i. jitensha Ade Be car jidosha Bape conductor shashé (san) Be ( 2A) far ce toi rev garage sharikajo fe A mechanic shuriko {EFL T. map chizu Sth psd near ; chikai TEU petrol gas aA street . michi a subway chikatetsu dh FR taxi takushi Gay timetable jikokuhyo train densha Some Useful Phrases Can we go on foot? aruite iku Roto ga dekimasu ka? It’s too far. to sugimasu I want to go to the hotel. hoteru ni ikital desu I want to get off at . de oritai no desu I want a ticket to . please. we. YURL made no kippu 0 ichimai kudasai Does this bus go to ........? ssbiaitess ni tomarimasu Rad ? Where is the rest room? otearai wa doko desu ka? Getting Around 49 pz de BWTwW< Has ceETD ao Fe AF MVE CE CEN KWOES LATE E COME EK Faw ACIKE OE TD BERLE LETD Around Town Addresses Japan has traditionally used a district system of addresses. The hierarchy of districts starts with the largest, the ward (ku), and gets progressively smaller with cha (or machi) and banchi. Buildings within the districts are often numbered according to the order in which they were built, and not necessarily in sequential order along a street. The best way to locate an address is to have someone tell you which subway station is closest to your destination and then call for directions from that station. With the use of a map, some landmarks, and possibly a police box (kdban), you can find your destination. As an alternative, let a taxi driver worry about finding the place. Where is the ........7 beseeee wadokodesuka? |. Jit COPD art gallery wig gard IRS bank a ginkd BetT book store honya AB embassy . tatshikan Ate fe hotel hoteru aR Jv inn ryokan HRA 50 Around Town 51 museum hakubutsukan Hh a post office aay yubin kyoku HENGE lay restaurant. as shokuda fe temple - tera F At the Post Office Many tourist hotels either offer a packing service or have a shop in their building which will pack your souvenirs for posting. Most of them also sell stamps and mail letters for you. The symbol for post offices and postal services is a white and red T with a bar across the top. The mailboxes (posuto) are red, and in Tokyo the slot on the left-side is for mail destined for outside the city, Blue mailboxes are for special delivery mail. we PAV astamp kitte WF an air letter Roku yabin Ag EGE a postcard hagaki HE I want to send it by ........ I becevene de okuritainodesu ...CiR 0 TLWOCT airmail Rokabin in 52 Around Town domestic mail Rokunai yabin express delivery sokutatsu registered mail kakitome seamail funabin Some Useful Words cable denpo express delivery sokutatsu letter tegami number bango letter box yubin bako parcel Rozutsumi telephone denwa Some Useful Phrases Where is the nearest post office? moyort no yubinkyoku wa doko desu ka? I want to send a cable. denpo o uchitai no desu [B79 BSE ae Ane ie Fiat #5 ESE Hi pf DEORE Le < CIh BRET SROOGH Around Town 53 I want to buy stamps, please. Ritte o kaitai no desu DERAWEOOCH How much postage to ........? 5 iiss Muke no tegami MW OF RIL < BSS wa ikura desu ka? What window should I go to for stamps? 4 kitte wa dochirano mado WIE KB SORA S de urimasu ka? eID Id like to send this parcel. a kono kozutsumi o CO tl Hi OR okuritai no desu ga DCsps How many days will it take by seamail? funabin de nannichi AME CH A SSW gurai kakarimasu ka? pppoe A At the Bank The Japanese unit of currency is the yen, which is abbreviated as ¥. You’ll usually get a better exchange rate at banks or credit card agencies than at hotels. Yen are easily converted outside Japan. I want to change ........ ; Rife o kaetai desu EPA RW CH travellers’ cheques : toraberazu chekku beSo-2F2Ue9 cash genkin Bie 54 Around Town Some Useful Words coins Rozeni bank notes ginké tegata bank draft ginké kawase tegata branch shibu commission tesuryo credit card Rurejitta kado signature shomet identification card mibun shomeisho bank ginko money o-kane letter of credit shin-yajo [Be TT FB SET REF aca FBR FUP seb tok Bh Hr LE ST Be {a FAK If you wish to avoid the risk of currency exchange rate fluctuations you can obtain yen-denominated travellers’ cheques at many banks before your departure for Japan. Some Useful Phrases Where is the nearest bank? moyori no ginkd wa doko desu ka? AO ORT ILE S Crh Where can I cash a travellers’ cheque? doko de toraberazu chekku o genkin ni kaeru koto ga dekimasu ka? What is the exchange rate? kokan réto wa ikura desu ka? What time does it open? nanji ni akimasu ka? I want to cash a cheque. ginko kogitte o genkin ni kaetai desu Things to See & Do I'd like to see ........ seceeees ga mitain desu Buddhist temple tera Imperial Palace Rokyo Japanese garden nihon. teien kabuki kabuki noh no pagoda to sumo wrestling sumo Around Town 55 PL PEs Fry 7 EWE ICES Hpk FF A (IRE ICBA Se ES BT) WF @ Bla lc BRST PREACH 56 Around Town tea ceremony cha no yu teahouse chashitsu Zen temple zendera Tickets Where can I buy tickets? kippu wa doko de Raemasu ka? How much are the tickets? kippu wa tkura desu ka? I'd like to reserve seats futiietke ae seki yoyaku shitai desu this evening’s show konban no sha matinée hiru no sho tomorrow evening’s show ashita no ban no sho Nightlife MP teoCHA EDD GIL < & Spa ie PM LEW er SU DY a— BOY a— ARH OME DY a — Ifyou are on alow budget, be very wary of entering nice ‘cosy’ bars, or expensive looking nightclubs. Prices can be astronomical. It is always a good idea to establish prices before entering and being landed with a $50 glass of beer. Asa general rule of thumb, it is safer to avoid bars with hosutesu (hostesses). Does this nightclub have a cover charge? kono naito karabu wa kaba chiajt ga artmasu ka? How muchis it for one person? hitort atari tkura kakarimasu ka? Does it have hostesses? hosutesu ga imasu ka? How much is a bottle of beer? biru tppon tkura deshaka? Some Useful Words bar ba cabaret kabaret cigarettes tabako cinema elgakan disco deisko jazz jiazu Emergencies Around Town 57 LOTA bY STAN FRY -BHDETD ABR OWS 5 PPOLET Dp RAF ABET A PIL—-EW SC 6EL EBD Japan is one of the safest places in the world. You are generally safe walking alone at night - even on darkened streets. Foreigners are rarely victims of crime. Do, however, beware of Japanese Yakuza-types (organised crime) in some bars, especially in the Kabukicho area of Tokyo's Shinjuku ward. 58 Around Town Help me! tasukete! GT Watch out! Rio tsukete! Be Thief! — dorabo! UERE Call the police! u keisatsu o yonde kudasai! R20 ACP AVY Call a doctor! : isha o yonde kudasai! ea eT ACP SU) In the Country Is it far to the ........ Pear wa toi desu ka? Can we walk to the aieeeses made aruite ikemasu ka? beach hama cave dokutsu harbour minato hot springs onsen island shima lake mizumi mountain yama river kawa road. michi sea umi teahouse chashitsu 2 ELE SE ke CHW CHIT EM inl y a ae a it 60 In the Country temple otera BS valley tani waterfall taki Te a Is there a........ in this area? kono hen niwa......g@ COMIC MAOETD arimasu ka? guest house ryokan ies hotel hoteru aT IL park oe koen Eta restaurant resutoran LAkFY youth hostel yusu hosuteru L-ARAT IL village mura Hf Animals animal débutsu bird tori cat neko chicken niwatori cow ushi crab Rant dog inu fish sakana frog kaerw goat yagi horse uma rabbit usagi rat nezumi Weather cloud kumo fog Riri rain ame sun taiyd snow yuri wind kaze In the Country 61 Ae ate 62 In the Country Some Useful Phrases How is the weather? tenki wa do desu ka? It’s very cold today. ky6 wa samuit desu It’s a very hot day! totemo atsui desho! Are those cherry blossoms? are wa sakura desu ka? When do the cherry blossoms bloom? sakura wa itsu sakimasu ka? Can I see Mt Fuji from here? Roko Rara fuji san mieru deshoka? Is it possible to climb Mt Fuji now? ima fuji san ni noboremasu ka? Place Names Islands = hokkaido ALE shikoku ?4[E] rydkya FREER FIG Main Cities tokyo HL RAIMES CTD GARE éecChBvtLes HALE CH pp He [LVL SES CPE ie SELUAHAS ECLEDM X SRHUCEHNET AD honsha Av kyasha tudN dsaka KBR kyoto Bal nagoye 4th Be hiroshima |}, Bi nagasaki Fela} sendai {Ill4 hakodate Ui fi Cities around Tokyo chiba F- # mito KA utsunomiya Ah Cities around Osaka kobe i nara 425% tsu ft Cities around Tokushima kochi (‘El takamatsu (Fits In the Country 63 kobe #1 yokohama fits fukuoka iff) tokushima (8s aomori 11 #% sapporo ALAS maebashi HS urawa iif yokohama Wize kyoto FAG otsu AEE wakayama FHL matsuyama PSL 64 In the Country Cities around Fukuoka kagoshima HE 5 3 miyazaki fle} oita Aap Cities around Nagoya fukui fA}t kanazawa 423R nagano f<¥f toyama Bl Cities around Hiroshima matsue #7. tottori EHX humamoto HEA nagasaki fell saga ee gifu We A Rofua ARF shizuoka ii [i] okayama [til yamaguchi WA Cities around Sendai and Aomori akita #KH morioka # ltt] yamagata |L| He fukushima iii Es niigata Hi Food Japan’s cities have restaurants specialising in everything from poisonous fish to American pizza. Still, Japanese and Chinese rice and noodle dishes are the norm. Many ‘Japanised’ western foods such as the ubiquitous ‘mixed sandwich’ (sorry, no substitutions) are available. Many inexpensive traditional restaurants display a short, slitted curtain, or noren, over the doorway to announce to passers-by that they are open and ready to receive customers. If the noren is tucked inside or rolled-up, the restaurant is closed. A taste of Japan requires a visit to a soba-ya, or noodle shop. Sararimen (businessmen) and OL’s (office ladies) rush into these eateries at lunch time and slurp hot or cold noodles and soup before rushing back to work, The most popular seems to be the square brownish buckwheat noodles that are called soba (o-soba by women). Round yellow Chinese noodles are also popular. It’s acceptable to slurp noodles. Beware of restaurants that look like private homes. These ryoriya can be phenomenally expensive, but can provide you with a look at traditional high-class dining. Diners don’t have a choice of foods - you must accept whatever the specialty of the day is. Using Audasat is a polite way to ask for things, and can be translated as ‘please give me’. ‘Please’ and ‘thank you’ are always in order in Japan. If you are the guest at a meal, say itadakimasu (I will partake) before starting to eat. Even without a guidebook you can enjoy the many 65 66 Food inexpensive restaurants as they generally have realistic- looking models of the dishes available in the front window. Each model displays the name of the dish and its price. All you have to do is point at the dish you want. Mealtimes breakfast chashoku wie lunch : chushoku ae dinner yushoku 7 Drinks Try the many kissaten (coffee shops) if you like to sip coffee or soda while reading or talking. Although drinks aren’t cheap, you can sit for as long as you want without being expected to order more. When out drinking, wait until everyone’s glass is full before starting to drink. The word kampai (cheers!) is heard often and literally means ‘dry cup’. It is bad form to fill your own glass. water nomi mizu OAK milk miruku 2-7 barley tea ie mugicha BA green tea : ryokucha eRe black tea kécha coffee Rohr iced coffee aisu kohi iced tea aisu tt cola kora juice usu. fruit juice furutsu jiisu mineral water mineraru udtd beer biru draft beer nama birw rice wine sake whisky uisuke wine buddshu Fruit T’d like a/some ........ please. Heeyset o kudasai fruit kudamono Food 67 LE q-"e- TAAD-ER- ThA — Fv— 9 VaR SAF 4-H E=]y 4 EW a RES SE DSB WEP SW Ry 68 Food apple ringo QAL cherry 4 sakuranbo RAE chestnuts Ruri <0 gooseberries suguri oy grapes ae budo Ai lemon remon bey orange orenji tlyy peach momo bo persimmon kaki Pe pear nashi EL strawberries me ichigo fe dried fruit hoshita kudamono a UL teat Seafood clam hamaguri WES o erab kani BAS eel unagi Se lobster ise-ebi oyster kaki prawn Rurumaebi salmon sake seafood gyokairut shrimp ko-ebt fish sakana Egg ese tamago fried egg tamago furat hard-boiled egg Ratayude tamago poached egg otoshi tamago scrambled egg kaki tamago soft-boiled egg hanjuku tamago Food 69 PELE At Hoe ai WIA hae fee HEC DISA AWCREC Denk se PSEC BUOCRES 70 Food Meat beef gyuniku chicken tort ham hamu hamburger hanbaga liver kanzo meat niku mutton maton pork butaniku roast beef rosuto bifu sausage soséji steak sutékt stew shichi niku Vegetables beans mame bean sprouts moyashi + “vy Iv Ls ANY ANH TB A Wzhy KA aA PEF AT ae VF aA HPL cabbage Ryabetsu carrot ninjin corm tomorokoshi cucumber Ryuri garlic ninniku green onion asatsukti lettuce retasil mushroom masshurumu. onion tamanegi peanuts pinattsu peas mame potato Jagaimo radishes radisshu red pepper momijirashi salad sarada spinach horenso ey KAUA cb4cbL 2030 Ale HAD Le AR Vuyvalb—s 5nAR Food 71 72 Food tomato tomato white radish daikon Soups soup supu chicken soup chikin supu pea soup mame supu vegetable soup yasai siipu Seasonings black pepper Rosho garlic ninniku heh Alf A-F FavaTSy £HOA-—7T HAAS ketchup kechappu mustard karashi salt shio soy sauce shoyu sugar sata vinegar sl Grains bread pan noodles soba (thin) udon. (thick) Tolls roru pan rice gohan Miscellaneous Food bean curd tofu butter bata cake kéki Food 73 TR IF PSL tk LE3ia Dee 74 Food dumplings gyoza feet honey hachimitsu Wee ice cream aisu kurimu FAAP YK toast tdésuto h—-Ak Some Useful Words baked = tenpi de yaita RACH boiled yudetanita Crate braised torobi de nita cok CRI broiled kogashita CBU chopped kitta Yor fried . abura de ageta UCI re Tare sy nama yaki 4: Be & medium : futsa Mai well-done ¥. = yoku yaku ECS raw nama AE ripe juku shita AL Food 75 delicious oishit Bw sweet amai HEV sour : suppai go bitter nigai (co ABu cold tsumetai fal) hot (taste) ss karat eu hot (temperature) atsui aa fresh shinsen ree empty kara ee full “ ippai — hf vegetarian meal saishoku rydrt BREE Holding Chopsticks 76 Food Japanese Food There are a great number of different kinds of eating places in Japan. Among the kinds you are most likely to encounter are kissaten (coffee shops), where cakes and othersnacks are often available; resutoran (restaurants), which specialise either in western, Japanese, or Japanese interpretations of western food; rydriya, which serve only Japanese food; and, on the streets, you will come across yatat (street stalls on wheels) selling hot sweet potatoes, noodles and other reasonably priced light meals. Popular Dishes sushi & sashimi LEA LA Perhaps the most famous of Japanese dishes, sushi and sashimi are often confused by westerners. Sushi is lightly vinegared rice topped with a little wasabi (horse radish) taw seafood or egg. Sashimi, on the other hand, is thinly sliced raw fish served with, among other things, soya sauce, wasabi, and thinly sliced ginger. tenpura KA Originally introduced by the Portuguese, seafood and vegetables are dipped in an egg and flour batter and deep- fried. sukiyaki ¢ & EEX Thin slices of beef are dipped into a sweetened soy sauce broth and simmered together with bean curd, vegetables and dried mushrooms on the table in front of the diner. Food 77 shabu shabu LS) Les The diner places thin slices of beef and vegetables into a thin, simmering broth. ramen 7— 2% Chinese noodles adapted to the Japanese palate, ramen is always a good, low budget meal for the traveller. yakitori Bix Barbecued chicken on skewers, this snack, and others like it, are often available as a popular accompaniment to drinks in bars. teishoku This is not a dish, rather a common practice whereby restaurants offer dishes from their menu at a special lunch time price. _ globe fish jal Also known as fugu, restaurants serve this poisonous fish to the many aficionados in Japan who get a thrill out of taking small risks. Although prepared by certified cooks, people do occasionally die from improperly prepared fugu. Noodle Dishes noodles ‘ o-udon BIA tea-flavoured buckwheat noodles Zé " cha soba ae eld thick noodles in fish broth chikara udon BRPOILA thin noodles in pork broth : A gomoku soba CH< ele 78 Food thick noodles in curry soup Reré nanban miso flavoured thin noodles miso raémen. Rice Dishes rice gohan bowl of rice gohan ichizen fried rice with pork or shrimp cha han beef and gravy over rice hayashi raisu curried rice karé raisu omelette rice omuraisu tice steamed in fish bouillon kamameshi AV-MAILA PEDO AY OA CRA tA BUS INY Kad NVv-FAAR ALGAA PHL Some Useful Phrases Td like a table for two. futari y6 no téburu o onegaishimasu. Do you have an English menu? eigo no ménd wa arimasu ka? T'm vegetarian. watashi wa saishoku shugisha desu Do you have any vegetarian meals? saishoku shugi sha yd no riyori wa arimasu ka? Western-style food. yoft no rivért Japanese-style food. wafa no rtyori What do you recommend? o-susume rydri wa nan desu ka? What’s the price of the fixed menu? teishoku wa ikura desu ka? The food is cold. rydri wa samete imasu I’ve had enough, thank you. kore de mo kekko desu Please bring the bill. o-kanjé 0 o-negai shimasu Food 78 AH OF — Fb SHVLET RBO*oa—ik HOLT HD BURR ERA CH FER ER AA ORE SNETH FEA OR EE AUB OR BE Bebo HEE hel CF WER MLL < BOF D> AHS D TORT LAC bite CF Bie e BM LET 80 Food Is service included? sdbisuryo wa fukumarete imasu ka? Please reserve a table. téburw o yoyaku shite Rudasai What's the name of this restaurant? kono shokudé no namae wa nan desu ka? Where is your rest room? toire wa doko desu ka? Do you have ........ 2 tise O Motte imasu ka? (Please) bring........ seat o kudasai the menu menyii a plate sara a glass gurasu a bottle tppon. a knife naifu a fork foku a spoon supun YEARS ENT WED F-FMERILTRSW CORR OBA IL CH p> h4 bie Cem wEbWCWEDTD We Paw ts oe Mm. woe AK ae 7a-9 Avy Food 81 a cup . koppu av7 the bill {tm o kanjo ihe For a complete handbook on the many types of Japanese restaurants and foods pick up a copy of Kimiko Nagasawa & Camy Condon’s Eating Cheap in Japan (Shufunotomo Co, Ltd 1984). Shopping The Akihabara area of Tokyo is renowned for its discount electronics, but many will find the discount prices here comparable to prices back home. Don’t forget that electric and video standards vary from country to country - tell the salesclerk which country you intend to use the product in. Bargain hunters should check out the area across the street from Ueno train and subway station in Tokyo. The small lanes are filled with discount shoes, clothing, and household items. When you enter a shop, the owner, clerk, or electronic door will say irrashaimase which means ‘welcome’. If you want to just look around but an eager salesclerk is hovering over you, say kekko desu (that’s all right) to take the pressure off. Bargaining With the exception of some shops in Akihabara, and some discount markets, such as the one in Ueno, prices are generally fixed; any attempt to haggle is more likely to produce embarrassment than a bargain. How much is this? . : kore waikuradesuka? <#lldlo<¢ S CHD» It’s too expensive. taka sugimasu moees I'll take this. kore o itadakimasu CHAOS Fe How much is it altogether? a . zenbu de thuradesuka? 42) Gly< HES py 82 I don’t want to spend more than ........ yen. pe, Du yen ij6 wa tsukaitaku. nain desu ga Will you deliver it? todokemasu ka? [like this one. kore ga hashii no desu I want something cheaper. motto yasut no ga hoshu desu Shopping Where is the ........? Rosine: wa doko desu ka? barber's shop tokoya book shop honya camera shop Rameraya department store depdto dressmaker’s shop yofukuya electrical shop denkiten handicraft shop shukdgeihinten jeweller’s shop hosekiten Shopping 83 FALE bau Wte < EOACTP as EoD INMBRWOCH HrERWVOMRKOCT 84 Shopping market tchiba pharmacy yakkyoku shoe shop kutsuya shop mise souvenir shop miyagemonoya supermarket supdméketto toy shop omochaya tailor yofukuya I want to buy ........ grees ga hoshii desu antiques Rottohin battery denchi camera kamera cassette player Rasseto pureya clothes fuku gems héseki is te Ia AP THE ANZ Fy b BEbvle PEAR 1 BRR LY OP DAF Aye bese Ak Eel gold Rin pearls shinju razor blades Ramisori no ha shampoo shanpit shoes Rutsu silver gin tampons tanpon Do you have any ........? soos £@ Grimasu ka’ cigarettes tabako handbag handobaggu. hat boshi jade hisut paintings Raiga radio rajio silk kinu Shopping 85 Pee NOT] ya HE He PuvARY POET H AINT IN POS ret hae #2] va a 5 Se 86 Shopping string himo thread ito toilet paper totretto pépa tooth paste hamigaki umbrella kasa At the Camera Shop I'd like some film for this camera. kono kamera 6 no fuirumu ga hoshii desu colour film kala fuirumu colour slide film sulaido fuirumu black and white film shire kuro fuirumu fast. hat supido When will it be ready? itsu dekiagarimasu ka? Some Useful Words another betsu no bad wari OS a” bhAby hAH2K as Des LOAX THOT {WA BLU Cot AF-TA MWA RGARD 4 ML FAR 7A IVA INA AEF WOSGEHMOETD beautiful iret big ORM cheap yasut clean Rirei dark kurai develop genzo suru dirty kitanat expensive takat good it heavy omoi a little sukoshi long nagai many, much takusan receipt rydéshusho round marut shopping Ratmono Shopping 87 zn BW HUET S ATW ral aa LY veo fel IRI WS AU) Fity 88 Shopping short muikai small chiisai square shikakui useful benri Stationery dictionary jiten envelope fate information annai magazine zasshi map chizu newspaper shinbun paper kami pen pen pencil enpitsu writing paper binsen. aes ie] RA en i any Clothes Td like ........ sees GG hoshtt desu gloves tebukuro jacket jaketto kimono kimono raincoat reinkOto shirt waishatsu shorts shoto pantsu socks Rutsushita sweater sétd swimsuit mizugi T shirt tishatsu Shopping 89 PRU ET $8 PNT iy b4yva-—F} Dy eee yYa-—hbatyvy ar See KA Tee) 90 Shopping I'd like one like this. Ronoyonanogahoshiidesu <= OE fe OAR LV Itake size ........ (see ‘Numbers’) saizu wa .. Can I try it on? | koreotameshitetidesuka? C# 2a LTO Ye As | It fits well. totemo yoku niaimasu ethkctlewert desu APA Als ea AS ED long naga loose yuru small chiisa short mijika tight Ritsu Can you alter it? naosemasu ka? Colours Do you have any .......- ones? eee no wa arimasu ka? black Ruroi blue aot brown chairo green midori iro grey fuji iro pink pinku. purple murasaki tro red aka white shiroi yellow ki iro Quantities bottle ippon gram guramu. kilogram kiro Shopping 91 Os ETD AB ww As bs aca) ee ere fe ah Au mea 92 Shopping large okit less motto sukunat more motto packet pakku pound pondo small chtisat tin kanzume Some Useful Phrases T'm just looking. miru dake desu Could you help me? 0 negal shimasu. Do you have English books here? eigo no hon ga arimasu ka? How much is it? ikura desu ka? Please write it down. katte kudasat I don’t like the colour. iro ga hi ni trimasen Do you have a bigger one? motto Oki no wa arimasen ka? KEW boEvey bok Nye RYE pee Ae Se Liar ROR SeH BMW LES ROADS OY ESD W< beryD Bc Rawy MAIL EA SvrEXKEVOIS ANETAD Do you accept credit cards? kurejitto kado demo yoroshit desu ka? Tl take (buy) it. kore ni shimasu Please wrap it for me. tsutsunde kudasai? Please send it to this address. kono jasho ni okutte kudasai May I have the receipt? ryéshusho o kudasat? Ts there a guarantee? hoshé wa tsuite imasu ka? Shopping 93 Eatocrm CHILLED DOATFSW Cc OER IDs oT RSL WU 2 FS RAEOW CES Health Medical care in Japan is quite advanced, but most Japanese doctors do not speak fluent English. Hotel doctors, or those at large university-affiliated hospitals, are most likely to speak English. Virtually every medicine you are familiar with is available in Japan, but the brand names may be different. Chinese herbal medicines (kanpdyaku) and acupuncture (hari) are also available. Many prescribed medicines come in powdered form. The fire department provides a free ambulance service for emergencies. Dial 119. Where is the ........? eas wa doko desu ka? oa eheeeeree hospital ze byain Fe pharmacy = yakkyoku SE fay doctor isha Ee dentist haisha HE A Thave wis... watakushi wa ........ Fite... asthma - zensoku desu Mii Co 94 backache senaka ga ittamimasu diarrhoea geri shite imasu indigestion shékafuryo o okoshimashita a burn yakedo 0 oimashita a cold kaze o hikimashita an earache mimi ga itamimasu a fever netsu ga arimasu a headache zutsu ga shimasu a pain here koko ni ttamt ga arimasu a sore throat nodo ga itamimasu stomachache i ga itamimasu toothache ha ga itamimasu Allergies I'm allergic to Siesists ni arerugi desu antibiotics Roset busshitsu Health 95 PPPOE S PHIL CHES THERE AHO LE PIE RSBWELK MBOX HL HDRES PS OED SMA LES COMORES OST DE PHA S Bae HAS a AF LVR Od BE ey 96 Health penicilin 5 penishirin SSE this kore cn At the Chemist Do you have ........? aphcher omotteimasuka? ,,.@ fia TwWes A aspirin asupirin FAEY band-aids ae bansok6 ale a bandage hotai war condom kondomu ve contraceptives 2 hiningu ie A disinfectant. acme. shédoku yaku Ha insect repellent bochuzai baa medicine Rusuri a sanitary napkins i seirtyo napukin AE HA Pp 7 toothbrushes age haburashi Hi 79 Sy tranquilliser ao chinseizai SF tweezers kenuki tak Please make this prescription. kore o chézai shite kudasai Parts of the Body arm ude body karada bone hone breast chibusa chest mune ear mimi eye me face kao finger yubi foot ashi head atama heart shinzd leg ashi Health 97 Chem LC RRA 98 Health mouth Ruchi neck Rube nose hana rib rokkotsu stomach i throat nodo tonsils hentosen = tooth ha Some Useful Words ambulance kyadkyusha blood ketsueki burn (v) yakedo break orimasu breathe IRL o suru cough (v¥) seki ga demasu deaf isunbo abe UR a ir Bas mee A Hye Mass Benet a dentist haisha disease byoki doctor isha drink (v) nomu fever netsu, headache zuisit hangover futsukayoi infection kano injection chasha itch kali patient kanja poison doku rash hasshin sprain (v) Rkujtku sunburn hiyake swell (v) hareru BE i TAS Health 99 100 Health test kensa vomiting modosu Some Useful Phrases How do you feel? kibun wa ikaga desu ka? I don’t feel well. kibun ga suguremasen Please call a doctor. isha o yonde kudasai Please take us to a doctor. isha ni tsurete itte kudasai It hurts here. koko ga itat n desu I am nauseated. hakike ga shimasu Don’t do it! shinaide kudasat! Please call a police officer. Reisatsukan o yonde kudasai ma SEF TALW PAT SH pp of ASHE AE AE AL REEMA RA BAKONTHSTRAY COMVKEVA CH ob Sos Le LEWERAW BRE SIEAGCPKEaW Ss AUS. det at Time & Dates. Once you learn how to count in Japanese, telling time is no harder than in English. All you have to do is say the word for the numeral and add a simple suffix. For example, to say 5 o'clock, you say the word for 5, go, add the suffix meaning ‘o'clock’, ji, and you’ve got go-ji. To express a fraction of an hour, combine the word for the hour with the word for the minutes. For example, 5.15 would be 5 o’clock, goji, + 15 minutes, jugofun, or gojt ja gofun. The half-hour is expressed by han; 5.30 would therefore be gojihan. Learn the military or 24-hour time system before arriving in Japan, because this system is used for train and bus schedules - 1300 is 1 o'clock, 1800 is 6 o’clock, etc. Telling Time What time is it? nanji desu ka? fT ee Tt is ........ o'clock, . ji desu pes ichi 2 ni 3 - san = 101 102 Time & Dates 4 yon 5 g0 6 rokw 7 shichi 8 hachi 9 ku 10 ja 1 juiehi 12 jant Minutes 1 minute ippun 5 minutes gofun 10 minutes Juppun 15 minutes jugofun 30 minutes sanjuppun 45 minutes yonjugofun {a +s =H PO Hy Now it’s 2.15. ima wa ni jugofun desu It’s half past one. ichijt han desu Some Useful Words afternoon gogo day nichi day after tomorrow asatte day before yesterday ototot evening ban. half past han hour jikan midnight gozen reiji minute fun morming asa night yoru noon shogo now ima Time & Dates 103 Porat CF ECS oF teeta &F Bil Ar BE ay a re IEF 104 Time & Dates today Ryo tomorrow ashita tonight konban yesterday Rind Weeks last week senshit next week raishit this week Ronsha one week isshakan two weeks nishikan. Dates tA RH i — 38] — SIE] Although traditional holidays still fall according tothe lunar calendar they originated with, the Japanese today use the Gregorian (solar) calendar. Sometimes you may hear of a year referred to as the ‘63rd (or other) year of Showa’. The Japanese also date years according to the beginning of eras which start when a new emperor takes over. Thus, with accession of Emperor Akihito to the Chrysanthemum Throne, 1989 became the first year of Heisei. In Japanese, dates are written with the year first, followed by the month and lastly the day. Time & Dates 105 Months Months in Japanese are simply referred to as the ‘1-month” (January), the ‘2-month’ (February), etc. January ii ichigatsu esis February nigatsu Ja March = sangatsu =F April shigatsu mA May ee gogatsu LA June : rokugatsu aA July shichigatsu eat) August hachigatsu September Rugatsu October Jugatsu November Juichigatsu, December Cy: junigatsu~ 106 Time & Dates getsuydbi Tuesday kay6bi Wednesday suiyobt Thursday mokuyobi Friday Rinyobt Saturday doyobr holiday kyujitsu Some Useful Phrases What day is today? hyd wa nanyobi desu ka? What’s today’s date? ky6 wa nannichi desu ka? What time is it? nanyjt desu ka? When will you come back? ltsu kaerimasu ka? Sait, ee AER AREA ‘KABA EE A ARWE ae He A +A A SHIMMER Coa = Atel Om fn Sy WOME ET Ap Time & Dates 107 Festivals Most of Japan’s festivals began as local celebrations by farmers wanting to express their awe of nature or their joy over completed harvests, Because of the lack of communication in pre-modern Japan most festivals retained their local nature and never became nation-wide celebrations. Around the second week in August the bon festival features traditional dancing and celebrants welcome and send off the souls of their ancestors. festival day saijitsu se eve of festival yotmatsuri fi as festival parade us shinko LAS palanquins mikoshi PD paper lanterns chéchin dei Seasons spring ve haru # summer p natsu. a autumn aki EK winter fuyu Numbers Arabic numerals are usually used in Japan but sometimes, especially on menus, you will find the following Chinese characters (kanji) used: 1 a 2— 3 BAN | as A 8 i The Japanese have a commonly used system of hand gestures for counting. Learn these gestures for the cardinal numbers and you can communicate without words. Japanese has two counting systems, a native Japanese system, which only goes as high as ‘10’, and a system borrowed from Chinese. This is not as confusing as it might sound at first, the rules concerning when to use the separate systems being very clear. As a general rule, Chinese numerals combine with ‘counters’ (see page 111), while Japanese numerals can be used in isolation when you don’t know the ‘counter’ for an object: There are two or three different ways to say the cardinal Chinese numbers, 4, 7, and 9. In the following table, the recommended spoken version is listed first, 108 pe 5 i. Bt ee Numbers 109 Number Chinese Japanese 1 tche = hitotsu — > 2 nS futatsu =) 3 san = mittsu = 4 yon/shi V4 yottsu J 5 go fi. itsutsu ft. 6 roku #s muttsu 7x 2 7 nana/shichi nanatsut; 2 8 hachi /\ yattsu /\ > 9 kya/ku T. kokonotsu tL > 10 ju-+ to-—(- Notice that numbers above 10 are generally made by a combination of the numbers from one to 10. To say 16 for example, you take the word for 10 (jd) and combine it with 6 (roku) to make 16 or juiroku. There are special words for 100 hyaku, 1000 sen, and 10,000 man. Since one million is 100 x 10,000, it becomes hyakuman. Number il juichi ala 12 juni { 13 jusan =. 14 jtyon +P 15 jtigo Pa 16 jaroku bean 17 jushichi qs 18 jahachi TA 19 jaku PAL 20 rij map 30 sanjd = i 40 yore 110 Numbers 50 goa 60 rokuja 70 shichiji 80 hachija 90 Ruy 100 hyaku. 125 hyaku nijugo 200 nthyaku 300 sanbyaku 400 yonbyaku 500 gohyaku 600 ropphyaku 700 nanahyaku 800 happyaku 900 kytihyaku 1000 sen 1867 sensanbyaku Pde rokujishichi n 2000 nisen itt 3000 sanzen Sef 7000 nanasen teste 10,000 man orickiman ~~ Ji 30,000 sanman “Fy 100,000 jaman FA 1,000,000 hyakuman AA Ordinals Ordinals are formed by adding ban to a number: first ichiban —# second niban third sanban =F Numbers 111 Others once ichido twice nido three times sando Counters Most things you want to count in Japanese will require a counter after the number. In most cases the Chinese-derived numerals are used with the counters. Thus ‘three books’ becomes san-satsu. books satsu it buildings ken WA chopsticks zen +E AL cups hai th fish hikt OF houses ken WA knives ché Sea letters tsa i pencils hon AR people nin ILA shoes soku e< vehicles dat teu other items ko & 112 Numbers Money Japanese currency comes in yen and only yen; there is no Japanese equivalent to the distinction between dollars and cents. Coins are 10-yen coins, 100-yen coins, etc. sats means ‘bill’ and dama is a coin 5 yen coin 10 yen coin 50 yen coin 100 yen coin 500 yen coin 1000 yen bill 5000 yen bill 10,000 yen bill go-en dama ja-en dama gojti-en dama hyaku-en dama gohyaku-en dama sen-en satsu gosen-en sats ichiman-en satsu Some Useful Phrases How many? one dozen a lot too much enough Measurements centimetre litre metre millimetre pound ounce ikutsu desu ka? ichi-ddsu takusan sugimasu Jtbun desu sencht rittoru métoru murt pondo ons AE EA mia ese AA E A FI# & “FEL Fa4L SES SRS | Meee Naz moh oR ‘ Vocabulary A accident - jiko address - jusho aeroplane — hikdki afternoon — gogo age - nenrei agriculture - ndgy6 airmail - kokubin all - zenbu antibiotics - taikinset yakuzat esa antique - kottohin ‘An appendix - mécho lbs apple — ringo OA architect - kenchiku FERER art — geijutsu = ft ashtray - haizara Tk Asia - ajia TLF B m baby - nyiiji 450 bad - warui ae Wr baggage - nimotsu fity bank - ginko IR barber - tokoya TREE bath - furo A bathroom ~ otearai BP beach - hama if 114 Vocabulary beans - sayaingen beautiful - utsukushit bed - beddo beef - gyuiniku beer - biru better - motto yot bicycle - jitensha big - okti bill - kanjo bird - kotori birthday - tanjobi blanket - mofu bleed - shukketsu suru boat - fune body - karada book - hon bookshop - honya botanical garden - shokubotsuen bottle - bin bowl - boru boy - otoka no ko bread - pan breakfast - chohoku bridge - hashi broken - dakkyw shita building - tatemono bus - basw business - shdgyd button - botan butter - bata buy (v) - Raw BEL ALT AL LW Been, + 2 maw | eS Stirs = by is c cake - kéki calculator - keisanki car - kuruma carpet - kdpetto castle - shiro cave - iwaya change (money) - kozeni cheap - yasut cheese - chizu chemist (drugstore) - yakkyoku chicken - niwatori child - ko chopsticks - hashi ehurch - kyokai cigarettes - tabako eity - machi closed - heiten. coffee — koh cold - samui colour - iro come (v) - kuru constipated - benpishiteiru. country (nation) - kuni crab - kant cup ~ koppu D dangerous - abunai dark - kurai decaffeinated - kafein nuki Vocabulary 115 2 gest BAA SESS al Sal ~ a N Be bev) a lit p> oe of | Lee SEE SE 116 Vocabulary delicious - oishut deodorant, - deodoranto dessert - desdto diarrhoea - geri dictionary - jisho difficult - muzukashii dining car - shokudosha dinner - yashoku doctor - isha dormitory - kishukusha dozen - ddsu duck - ahiru E early - hayai east - higashi easy - yasashti eat (v) - taberu egg - tamago embassy - taishikan. empty - kara engineer ~ gishi enough - jubun. envelope - futo evening - ban exit - deguchi expensive - fakat F face - kao faint - kt o ushinaw Se 44 fae SANS, vs = IS SiN SSR PEE SIN OF S| mac I oy nb = ee 2 FEM > Ok CLC ~ SSUES ED wp oe RY EEE Shi far — toi ferry - fer7 fever - netsu film (photo) - firumu film (movie) - eiga find - mitsukeru fish - sakana flight - bin. “flu - infuruenza fork - foku full - ippai furniture - Ragu G garden - niwa girl - enna no ko glasses - megane go -iku good - yor goodbye - sayonara gram - guramu gynaecologist - fujinkai H hairdresser - rihatsushitsu ham - hamu handicrafts - shukogeihin hand-made - tezukuri no head - atama heat - atsusa heavy - omoi help (v) - tetsudaw Vocabulary 117 MO Tse) aA FAML wh te 118 Vocabulary here - koko hill - oka hitchhiking — hitchi haiku honey - hachimitsu hospital - bydin. hot - atsut hotel - hoteru hour - jikan how - dé / ice cream - aisu kuriimu immediately - sugu indigestion - shdkafurya information desk - annai gakari injection - chusha interesting - omoshirot international call - kokusai tsiwa interpreter - tsayaku island - shima ivory - 20ge J jade — hisui Japanese - nihongo Japanese garden - nihon teien jeans - jipan jewellery - héseki journalist - janaristo TARGY—4 qe Tah Ak SPIER TE BY MAW FEIRRHaa Hak be a HAC gE HAR elas] Parke A PRAT Ak K key - kagt knife - naifu L lake - mizwumti late - osoi lawyer — bengoshi leather - kawa left - hidari lens - lenzu letter - tegami library - toshokan. light (weight) - Rarut look — miru love - ai luggage - tenimotsu lunch - chiishoku M map - chizu marry - kekkon suru matches - matchi milk - miruku minute - fun money - okane month - tsuki morning - asa motor bike - mota baiku music - ongaku museum - hakubutsukan mutton - maton Vocabulary 119 Sd a NJ Buy te eo We m UA NE a ES AS Ate a SS iets S = mol =| ebay Wa ARE “Heol oN I acd \ S or. | NY 449 oh thn ot Sp Se OE pid we 120 Vocabulary N name - namae near - chikat needle - hari new - atarashii noisy - urusai noodles - soba/udon north — kita now - ima number - bango oO old - furui open (v) - akimasu operation - shujutsu optician - meganeya or - aruiwaka orange ~ orenji other - hoka P pagoda - to pain = ttami paintings - kaiga parcel - kozutsumi park - kden passport - pasupoto peach - momo pepper - kosho persimmon - kaki plate - sara platform - purattohomu seat Sen = ot eh ie Pp Vom SS Son TO RAK b bs nik max AL 2 FS Paya police - keisatsu porcelain - jiki pork - butaniku post office - yabinkyoku postcards - hagaki poste restante — kyokudome yabin. prescription - shohdsen province - ken a quick - hayai quiet - shizuke na R railway - tetsudd rain - ame razor — kamisori real - honté receipt - rydshusha record — rekodo rent (v) - Rariru repair —- naosu rest - yasumu restaurant - restoran or shokudo return - kaeru tice (cooked) - gohan. right (side) - migt river - kawa road - michi room - heya Vocabulary 121 wen hear EGE yy SE Lhe i sku BRAS Hon if PAE Y es eb LE Sit ne > Cel os TT mE Mu a fed ta > 1 Sh HN i ! 122 Vocabulary s salt - shio scenery - keshiki seconds (time) - niban shampoo - shanpu shoe laces - kutsu himo shop - mise shopping - shoppingu shower - shawa shut - shimaru signature - shomei silk - kinu sleep (v) - nemuru slowly - yukkuri small - chiisai smoke (v) - tabako o sa snack ~ sunakku snow (v) - yuki ga furw soap - sekken soup - supu south - minami soya sauce - shdyu speak (v) - hanasu spoon - supiuin. stale - shinsen de nai stamps - kitte stomach -1 stop (v) - tomaru street - tdri student - gakusei sugar - saté if 3 24 ie lk 4 WMo

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