Skoog/Holler/Crouch

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed.

Chapter 27
Instructors Manual

CHAPTER 27
27-1. In gas-liquid chromatography, the stationary phase is a liquid that is immobilized on a
solid. Retention of sample constituents involves equilibria between a gaseous and a
liquid phase. In gas-solid chromatography, the stationary phase is a solid surface that
retains analytes by physical adsorption. Here separations involve adsorption/desorption
equilibria.
27-2. In a soap bubble meter, a soap film is formed in a gas buret through which the effluent
from a GC column is flowing. The flow rate is then determined from the time required
for the film to travel between two of the graduations in the buret.
27-3. Temperature programming involves increasing the temperature of a GC column as a
function of time. This technique is particularly useful for samples that contain
constituents whose boiling points differ significantly. Low boilin point constituents are
separated initially at temperatures that provide good resolution. As the separation
proceeds, the column temperature is increased so that the higher boilin constituents come
off the column with good resolution and at reasonable lengths of time.
27-4. (a) Retention volume VR is defined by the equation
VR = tRF
where tR is the retention time and F is the volumetric flow rate.
(b) The corrected retention volume VR0 is the retention volume after correctionto the
average pressure within the column. It is given by

VR0 = jtR F
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