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Basics of Switchboards PDF
Basics of Switchboards PDF
Introduction...............................................................................2
Distribution Systems.................................................................4
Switchboard Definition............................................................ 10
Switchboard Construction....................................................... 13
Service Entrance Equipment................................................... 19
Service Section........................................................................21
Switchboard Grounding...........................................................24
Ground Fault Protection...........................................................27
Service Section Main Disconnect Devices..............................31
Distribution Section.................................................................36
Switchboard Ratings................................................................38
SB1, SB2, and SB3 Switchboards............................................41
Rear Connected Switchboards................................................45
Integrated Power System Switchboards..................................46
Super Blue Pennant Switchboards..........................................48
Multi-Metering Switchboards..................................................50
Speciality Service Entrance Switchboards...............................52
Things to Consider...................................................................54
Review Answers......................................................................56
Final Exam...............................................................................57
quickSTEP Online Courses......................................................60
Introduction
Distribution Systems
Distribution of Current
A small office building, for example, might require 120 volts for
interior lighting and receptacles and 208 volts for heating, air
conditioning, and exterior lighting. In this example, the utility
company supplies 208/120 volt, three-phase, four-wire (34W)
service. The main incoming line is divided into four feeders. The
two outer feeders supply power directly to the 208 volt heating
and air conditioning units. The two inner feeders are divided into
a number of branch circuits. One set of branch circuits supplies
power to exterior lighting (208 volts). The second set of branch
circuits supplies power to interior lighting and receptacles (120
volts).
Medium-sized Industrial
Plant Example
Switchboard Definition
Definition
Enclosed Devices
Circuit Breaker
Distribution Section
Service Section
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code,
Copyright 2007, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169.
This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the
National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject which is
represented only by the standard in its entirety.
10
Buses
Instrumentation
Power Meters
11
Switchboard Standards
Review 1
1.
12
Switchboard Construction
Frame
Height
pth
De
Bus
Widt
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code,
Copyright 2007, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169.
This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the
National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject which is
represented only by the standard in its entirety.
13
C
A
B
C
Vertical
Horizontal
Buses are mounted within the frame. Horizontal bus bars are
used to distribute power to each switchboard section. Vertical
bus bars are used to distribute power via overcurrent devices
to the load devices. Bus bars are made of tin-finished aluminum
or silver-finished copper. Bus bars may either be temperature
rated or current density rated. The current density rating
specifies the maximum current per square inch of a bus bar
cross section.
Horizontal Bus
Vertical Bus
14
15
Splice Plates
Through-bus
16
Overcurrent Protective
Devices
Outer Covers
17
Pictorial Diagram
Review 2
1.
18
19
Service Conductors
Main
Disconnect
Branch
Disconnects
To Various Loads
To Various Loads
20
Service Section
21
22
Hot Sequence
Cold Sequence
23
Switchboard Grounding
24
25
Downstream Equipment
26
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code,
Copyright 2007, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169.
This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the
National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject which is
represented only by the standard in its entirety.
27
Direct Method
C
Circuit Breaker
with Shunt Trip Option
Relay
Service Equipment
(100 Amps or More)
Load
28
Residual Method
C
Circuit Breaker
with Shunt Trip Option
Relay
Service Equipment
(100 Amps or More)
Load
Ground Fault
Protection Devices
.2s
40
40
55
30
.1s
70
25
20
20
I2t
70 55 40 30
Delay
@.5 In
.4s
Ig=%In
29
Review 3
1.
30
a. Direct method
b. Zero sequencing method
c. Residual method
31
Vacu-Break Fusible
Switches
32
X
X
Danger
Peligro
Danger
Typo/Type
ON
NNG
X
X
OF
33
WL Circuit Breakers
High reliability
Compact size
Ease of use
Modularity of design
Flexibility of system communications
Safety-oriented features
34
Frame Size I
Fix-Mounted Circuit Breaker
Frame Size I
Drawout-Mounted Circuit Breaker
WL UL 1066 Circuit Breakers WL UL 1066 circuit breakers are generally used in switchgear
as drawout-mounted breakers, but may also be used in
switchboards. These breakers have a rated maximum operating
voltage of 635 V and are available in two frame sizes with frame
ratings from 800 to 5000 A. For additional information about WL
circuit breakers, refer to Basics of Circuit Breakers.
Frame Size II Circuit Breaker
(Side View)
35
Distribution Section
Rear Alignment
36
Protective Devices
Current Rating
30-1200 amps
400-1200 amps
800-6000 amps
15-2000 amps
400-5000 amps
400-5000 amps
37
Switchboard Ratings
Full Rating
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code,
Copyright 2007, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169.
This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the
National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject which is
represented only by the standard in its entirety.
38
Series Rating
Ampere Rating
Voltage Rating
Review 4
1.
40
41
SB1 Switchboards
SB2 Switchboards
SB3 Switchboards
SB1
2000 A
Main Devices*
Feeder Devices*
Solid State MCCB*
Customer Metering
Utility Metering
Density Rated Bussing
Accessible
Front
Alignment
Rear
SB2
4000 A
MCCB, VB, HCP, BPS, WL
(Fixed Mounted)
MCCB, VB, HCP, BPS, WL
(Fixed Mounted)
100,000 A Interrupting Rating
Yes
Yes
Yes
SB3
6000 A
MCCB, VB, HCP, BPS, WL
* molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), Vacu-Break switch (VB), high contact pressure switch (HPS), bolted pressure switch (BPS), WL
circuit breaker (WL)
42
SB3
Yes
Yes
Notes:
Molded Case
Circuit Breaker
400-2000 A
400-1200 A
Vacu-Break
Fusible Switch
800-1200 A
400-600 A
HCP
Bolted Pressure WL UL 489
Fusible Switch Fusible Switch Circuit Breaker
400-1200 A
800-2000 A
400-1200 A
Yes
400-2000 A
400-1200 A
800-1200 A
400-600 A
400-1200 A
400-1200 A
800-4000 A
400-4000 A
(Fixed Mounted)
Yes
400-2000 A
400-1200 A
800-1200 A
400-600 A
400-1200 A
400-1200 A
800-6000 A
400-5000 A
(Fixed Mounted
or Drawout)
Voltage Chart
Compatible with SB1, SB2, SB3
230 33W Delta AC
240 33W Delta AC
347 33W Delta AC
380 33W Delta AC
480 33W Delta AC
600 33W Delta AC
240/120 34W Delta B Phase High Leg
240/120 34W Delta C Phase High Leg
208Y/120 34W
220Y/127 34W
380Y/220 34W
415Y/240 34W
480Y/277 34W
440Y/250 34W
600Y/347 34W
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
43
Branch Devices
Mounting
Individual Panel
Yes
SB1
Yes
SB2 Yes
SB3
Yes
Yes
Yes
Molded Case
Circuit Breaker
400-2000 A
15-1200 A
Vacu-Break
Fusible Switch
400-1200 A
30-600 A
400-2000 A
15-1200 A
400-1200 A
30-600 A
400-2000 A
15-1200 A
400-1200 A
30-600 A
The same notes as shown for main devices also apply to this chart.
44
HCP
Bolted Pressure WL UL 489
Fusible Switch Fusible Switch Circuit Breaker
400-1200 A
800-2000 A
400-1200 A
400-4000 A
(Fixed Mount)
400-1200 A
800-2000 A
400-1200 A
400-1200 A
400-1200 A
800-6000 A
400-5000 A
(Fixed Mounted
or Drawout)
45
46
Service Section
Distribution Sections
1
10
11
7
1. Panel mounted main breaker or switch up to 4000 A.
Main lug only to 2000 A.
2. Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor (TVSS)
3. Digital meter
4. Local display unit (ACCESS communication)
5. - Feeder breaker or switch up to 4000 A
- Motor starter module up to NEMA size 4
- Lighting contactor (30 to 225 A)
- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
- Time clock
9
6. Lighting panelboard
7. Distribution transformer
8. Lighting control
9. Space for additional devices:
- Lighting contactors
- PLC
- Time clocks
- Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
- Telephone cabinet
10. HVAC control
11. Customer supplied components
47
48
Metering Compartment
Service Disconnect
Distribution Panel
49
Multi-Metering Switchboards
50
MMS Switchboards
Siemens MMS switchboards provide a high-quality, multimetering solution for areas where EUSERC compliance is not
necessary. The switchboard main service is rated up to 4000
amps for the following services: 208Y/120V 3-phase, 4-wire
and 480Y/277 V 3-phase, 4- wire. SMM Switchboards have the
following additional characteristics:
51
52
53
Things to Consider
54
Review 5
1.
55
Review Answers
56
Final Exam
a.
c.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
210
408
b.
d.
318
770
3.
a.
c.
4.
a.
c.
5.
a.
c.
conduit
panel
b.
d.
32
72
A-B-C
C-A-B
frame
bus
b.
d.
b.
d.
38
90
A-C-B
C-B-A
57
58
6.
a.
c.
7.
a.
c.
8.
a.
c.
9.
a.
c.
10.
a. 1
c.
6
11.
a. 100
c. 10,000
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
service section
routing section
hot sequence
top feed
never
rarely
b.
d.
b.
d.
b.
d.
b.
d.
compression lugs
cable
pull section
distribution section
cold sequence
bottom feed
always
often
b.
d.
2
8
b. 1000
d. 100,000
13.
a.
c.
14.
a.
c.
UL 489
NEMA KS1
series
interrupting
b.
d.
b.
d.
IEC 1066
ANSI C12.7
full
withstand
15.
Siemens SB1 switchboards have through bus ratings
up to ________ amps at 600 VAC.
a.
c.
2000
4000
b.
d.
3000
6000
16.
Siemens SB2 switchboards have through bus ratings
up to ________ amps at 600 VAC.
a.
c.
2000
4000
17.
a.
c.
18.
a.
c.
19.
a.
c.
20.
a.
c.
68
48
SB1
IPS
500
700
SMM
IPS
b.
d.
b.
d.
3000
8000
58
38
b. SCT
d. SBS
b.
d.
b.
d.
600
800
MMS
BCT
59
60