TRUNG TM K THUT IN T CNG NGH CAO NVT

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SA BP IN T
TRONG THC T

K s in t: Nguyn Vnh Thng

Kinh nghim sa cha hng ngn bp t Trung Quc, Nht,
c, cho nhiu ngi dn v th in t khng chuyn.

Lin h: 0983.603.472
Email: chuyengiadien01@gmail.com
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LI GII THIU
Trong cc loi bp in th bp in t c s dng nhiu hn tt c cc loi
bp khc bi tnh tin dng, an ton v rt tit kim in. Trong mi gia nh
thnh th u c 2 bp in t trong nh bp, mt bp in t chnh trong
phng nu n cn mt bp t ph dng n lu mi khi c tic. Trung tm
in t NVT (www.bachkhoadientu.com v www.thuchanhdientu.com )
lm dch v sa cha v bo hnh bp t cho hng ngn khch hng t c
nhn cho n doanh nghip. Chng ti bit rng c rt nhiu ngi mun sa
c bp t mt cch thnh tho tha mn nim yu thch k thut hay
to lp ngh nghip n nh nhng s gp rt nhiu kh khn t l thuyt in
t cho n kinh nghim sa cha. Nhm gii quyt vn trn chng ti
bin son cun sch Sa bp t trong thc t mt cch cng phu gm nhiu
hnh nh minh ha v cc video hng dn sa bp t tch hp trong th nh
1GB i km. Tt c nhng ni dung trong cun sch l kinh nghim c c
sau nhiu nm lm dch v sa cha bo hnh bp t cao cp ca chnh ti.
Ti tin rng nhng chi ph bn b ra khi mua b ti liu ny s l qu nh b
nu nh bn bit vn dng tay ngh k thut phc v cuc sng. Bn c tin
rng ti thu v c mt khon tin khng nh mi thng nh dch v sa
cha bp t cao cp?? s l vin tng vi ai cn non tay ngh nhng s l
s thc nu bn l mt th lnh ngh!
No hy tr thnh mt chuyn gia bp in t ngay t ngy hm nay!
K s in t thc dng: Nguyn Vnh Thng
( Chuyn gia trong lnh vc sa cha in t gia dng nh thit b audio, l v
sng, bp in t, my hn in t, ni cm in t, my xay, DVD, my git..)

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NI DUNG
1) Nguyn l hot ng v cu to chung ca mt bp t
2) S khi ca mch in bp t
3) S chi tit mch in ca mt bp t
4) Nhng cng c cn c sa cha bo tr bp t
5) Nhng thao tc c bn nht khi xc nh li ca mt bp t hng hc
6) Khi ngun nui bn trong bp t, cc li thng gp ca khi ngun
7) Khi hin th v iu khin ca bp t, cc li thng gp ca khi hin th
v khi iu khin
8) Kim tra n Led v phm nhn
9) Kim tra diode cu
10)

Kim tra t in

11)

Kim tra IGBT

12)

Cc pan bnh thng gp v cch kim tra sa cha

-Bp t mt ngun, khng c bt c tn hiu no

- - Bp t khng nhn ni
- - Bp t chy cng sut lm sp aptomat
-- Bp t chy mt lc ri t dng
-- Bp t khng si ch m m nc
-- Bp t c thay s IGBT vo l n
-- Bp t bo li Hxx, Exx
-- Bp t khng tng gim c mnh yu v phm bm khng c tc dng.
-- Bp t cm nhm in (i vi bp t ni a chy in 110V)

13)

Tng kt

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CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA BP T
1) Cu to
Bp in t hay cn gi l bp t l mt chic bp chy bng in c nhim
v bin i nng nng in thnh nhit nng nu chin thc n. Nhn chung
cc bp in t c hnh dng vung hoc hnh ch nht, b dy khong t 7 cm n
25cm ty tng kiu bp. B mt bp t c lm bng knh chu nhit c bn
cao. Trn mt bp cn c cc phm nhn iu khin ngi s dng d dng
chn ch nu cng nh hn gi tt bp theo mun. Cc n bo ch th s cho
ngi s dng bit bp ang hot ch no, cng sut ca bp cng nh thi
gian cn li bp s tt.

Hnh 1 : Hnh dng ca mt bp t ph bin

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Khi m bp ra ta s thy bp t c cu thnh bi nhng b phn chi tit sau

Hnh 2: Cu to bn trong mt bp t

Nhn vo hnh trn th ta thy cu to chung nht cho mi bp t s gm cc b

phn sau
a) Bo mch chnh: L mt bo mch in t quyt nh ton b hot ng ca
bp t. Trn bo mch ny s c rt nhiu linh kin in t nh in tr, t
in , cun cm, bin dng, bin tr, cm bin nhit, bin p xung, diode
cu, IGBT, IC Thng thng cc bo mch chnh s d nhn thy bi n
l mt bo mch c kch thc ln nht bn trong bp. Ty tng kiu bp m
bo mch chnh c kch thc to nh khc nhau hoc dng nhng kiu linh
kin khc nhau. Vi bp t n, kch thc nh th bo mch chnh thng l

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kiu mch in mt lp. Vi bp t i th bo mch chnh c kch thc ln

hn c ch to theo kiu mch in hai lp phc tp hn.

Hnh 3: Bo mch chnh ca mt bp t

b) Bo iu khin, hin th: l mt bo mch c nhim v hin th cho ngi s
dng bit ch hot ng ca bp cng nh nhn lnh thao tc ca ngi
dng thng qua cc phm nhn. Thng thng cc bo iu khin v hin th
c cu to n gin hn bo mch chnh, cc linh kin ch yu l n Led ch
th v cc phm nhn chn chc nng nu ca bp. Vi cc bp t c in th
cc phm nhn vn l cc phm nhn c hc c in cn vi cc bp t hin
i th cc phm nhn cm ng c s dng ph bin.

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Hnh 4: Bo mch hin th v iu khin ca bp t

c) Mm dy : Thc cht y c coi l mt cun dy c qun vi hnh

dng mt ci a trn c ng knh t 9 n 25cm ty tng bp. Mm dy
ny chnh l ni to ra t trng lm nng ni t ln bp. Qu trnh
chuyn ha in nng thnh nhit nng s c thng qua mm dy ny. D
nhin nguyn l hot ng ca bp t khng ging bp in hng ngoi ln
mm dy ny khng h nng m ch pht ra xung t trng rt mnh lm ni
t pht nng.

Hnh 5. Mm dy trong bp in t
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d) Qut in lm mt: Tuy l mt chi tit ph nhng rt i quan trng i

vi s hot ng n nh ca bp in t. Khi bp t hot ng cc linh
kin in t s pht nhit lm cho bp nng dn. Vi linh kin in t th
nhit cao l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy hng hc hng u v th
cn qut tn nhit lm mt cho n. Vi kinh nghim sa cha cho hng
ngn chic bp t th ti bit rng hu ht cc qut lm mt u l nhng
ng c khng chi than, hot ng vi in p mt chiu 18V.

Hnh 6: Qut in lm mt bn trong bp t

Cc qut in lm mt ny cn c cm ng chiu (+) , (-) th qut mi hot
ng c. Rt t khi qut ny hng phn in, ch yu hng phn c nh gy
cnh, kh du, bong vt bt c nh.

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2) Nguyn l hot ng ca bp t
Vi cc bp in dng dy in tr t nng th nguyn l hot ng rt
n gin l khi ta cp in n hai u dy in tr th trong dy in tr
xut hin dng in i qua n . Di tc dng ca dng in th dy in tr
ny ( cn gi l dy maixo) s pht nng v hng rc ln. Nhit lng ny
s lm ni nng ln nu chin thc n. Tuy nhin vi bp in t th s
khc, khng c bt c linh kin no trong bp nng ln. Nguyn tc hot
ng ca bp t l dng t trng bin thin vi tn s cao lm nng
chnh ci ni. T trng bin thin c to ra nh mch iu khin ng
ct in cp cho mm dy vi tn s cao hng trm ki l hec (kHz). T
trng bin thin ny s vung gc vi mm dy v xuyn thng ln mt
bp t qua lp knh chu nhit. Ni t ln tm knh ny s nhn c ton
b t trng bin thin to ra dng in kn chy trong ni. Chnh dng
in kn ny (cn gi l dng Fuco) l nguyn nhn lm ni nng ln. Nhn
tng qut th nguyn l hot ng ca bp in t c th hin nh hnh
di y

Hnh 7: Nguyn l hot ng ca bp t

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S KHI CA BP T
c th sa cha bt c thit b g th chng ta cn phi hiu cu to , nguyn
l hot ng cng nh s khi ca thit b . Vic hiu r thit b t ngoi vo
trong, s khi c bn s gip bn phn vng s c hng hc nhanh chng m
khng lan man sang nhng khi mch khng lin quan. Hu ht bp t c s
khi nh hnh di y.

Hnh 8: S khi ca mt bp in t

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Vi s khi nh trn ta c th thy mt bp t s bao gm cc khi chnh

sau;
Khi ngun: C nhim v to ra in p 5V v 18V mt chiu t in p xoay
chiu 220V. Vi nhng bp t i c th b ngun ny c s dng mt bin p
thng thng kh to. Vi bp t hin i th phn mch ngun trn bng mch in s
rt nh, khng chim din tch qu nhiu. Du hiu ca mt bp t mt ngun s l
cm in vo khng c bt c mt tn hiu g nh n bo hoc ci ku.
B vi x l: y l mt trong nhng linh kin quan trng nht ca mt bp t. N
l b no chnh quyt nh mi hot ng ca bp t . Mi thao tc ca ngi dng
nh bm phm chn ch s c vi x l tip nhn v x l theo lnh . Khi vi
x l b hng th ton b hot ng ca bp t b t lit hon ton. Vi kinh nghim
ca c nhn ti th hu ht vi x l hot ng hai chun in p l 3.3 v 5V.
Khi cng sut dao ng: Khi ny s bao gm cc t in ln, IGBT, cu diode
v mm dy. in nng xoay chiu 220V s c nn thnh in p mt chiu
khong 300V cung cp nng lng cho mm dy bin thnh t trng nh vi x
l iu khin IGBT ng ct in cho mm dy. Khi ny hng s rt d nhn ra
thng qua nhng du hiu nh cu ch t, t in phng, IGBT chy n
Ci, n bo, phm iu khin: L nhng linh kin c tc dng giao tip gia
ngi s dng bp vi bp. Qua cc phm nhn iu khin chng ta c th ci t
ch nu nng ph hp. Mi ch hot ng ca bp t s c hin th thng
qua cc n hin th v ci bo.
Ch : Tt c nhng khi trn trong mt bp t c ch r trong hnh 3 v hnh
4 ca phn trc. Bn c mun sa cha bp t chuyn nghip cn nm vng
nhng khi ny trong bp t. Vic phn vng v nhn r tng khi s gip bn x l
s c ca bp t mt cch nhanh chng.

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CC CNG C CN C SA CHA BP T
1) ng h vn nng:
L mt thit b quan trng bc nht khi n vi ngh in t (thit b ny cn
gi tt l VOM), y l mt dng c cho php ngi k thut vin o c nhng
i lng in c bn nh hiu in th, in tr, cng dng in... Cc ng
h vn nng hin i cn c th o c nhit , tr s t in, diode, h s
khuch i ca transistor, tr s in cm, tn s..

Chic ng h vn nng m NVT ang dng

2) Ampe km
Mc d mt chic ng h vn nng c kh nng o dng in nhng s dng
chc nng ny kh phc tp v khng an ton nn ngi ta s dng mt thit b o
dng an ton , d dng hn l ampe km. Thng thng mt chic ampe km c
th o c nhng gi tr dng in t mA n vi trm A vi mt thao tc n
gin l kp km vo mt si dy ca mch in. Vi mt bp t n th dng in
hot ng n nh ca bp khi c ni l t 6 n 10A. Nu vt qu 10A th cn
xem li mch in trong bp.

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Thao tc s dng ampe km rt n gin

3) M hn in:
L mt dng c khng th thiu i vi ngi sa cha phn cng khi my
mc b trc trc. y l thit b to ra nhit cao trn mt mi kim loi ( u hn)
lm tan thic di chn linh kin trn mch in khi mun tho linh kin ra hoc
lm thic bm vo bng mch khi hn linh kin vo. M hn in c ba loi
chnh l m hn xung, m hn nung trc tip, m hn nung thng qua bin p.

M hn nung bin p

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M hn xung

4) Bm chn khng ht thic

Mun tho mt linh kin ra khi mch in th chng ta phi dng m hn lm
nng chy thic trn mi hn ri sau dng bm ny ht thic lng ra khi mi
hn. Cu to bm chn khng ny rt n gin ging nh mt ci xilanh c gn
thm l xo ko pittong ln to p xut thp ht thic lng vo bn trong ng.

5) Nhp gp linh kin

K thut in t ngy cng hin i v tin tin cho nn cc bng mch in t
s dng rt nhiu linh kin nh b. c th thao tc gi, gp, nh chn nhng
linh kin ny th chng ta cn nhp gi linh kin. Nhp gp c th c lm
bng nha do v thp khng g c n hi cao. Vi nhng linh kin nhy cm
vi tnh in th cn s dng nhp lm bng nha trnh lm hng linh kin.

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Nhp gp linh kin chuyn dng

6) Dng c tho lp thit b
Cc thit b my mc in t u c lp rp bng bu lng, c vt, cht ci,
ca ... do nhng thit b ny cn c tho lp bng km, tuc n vit, c l, lc
nng, ba, km m nhn, km cht...L mt k thut vin in t chuyn nghip th
nn b sung nhng dng c ny

CC DNG C THO LP THNG DNG

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Cc bn va xem qua bn xem th cun sch Sa bp in t

trong thc t ca trung tm in t cng ngh cao NVT. Cun sch
ny cn rt nhiu ni dung chi tit v i km vi n l th nh 1Gb
cha cc on phim hng dn sa bp t do chnh chng ti bin
son. Bt c ai khi hc xong cun sch ny v xem video hng dn
i km cng s tr thnh mt ngi sa bp t chuyn nghip.
c c bn sch in y v th nh 1GB i km th cc bn
hy ch ng lin h vi tc gi cun sch l k s in t thc dng
NGUYN VNH THNG ( trng b phn k thut sa bp t ca
trung tm NVT) theo s in thoi 0983.603.472 hoc email:
chuyengiadien01@gmail.com.
Tr gi ca b ti liu dy cch sa bp t ny ( sch in + th nh
1Gb) l 450K/ 1 b. Min ph vn chuyn trn ton quc.
Cc bn cng c th mua trc tip ti ca hng ca trung tm in
t cng ngh cao NVT theo hai a ch di y:
-S 26 ph Yn Bi 2, H Ni (song song vi ph Hu)
- S 106 L c
Vi b ti liu ny bn s tr thnh ngi sa cha, bo hnh bp t
chuyn nghip m khng phi hc ngh bt c u!!!!!!

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