Stator Voltage Control Of 3-Phase Squirrel Cage

Induction Motor
Abhijith Jinachandran
M Tech Power Electronics,
Electrical Department
Government Engineering
College
Thrissur, India
abhijithnlr@gmail.com

Cidharth.K.Nambiar
M Tech Power Electronics,
Electrical Department
Government Engineering
College
Thrissur, India
cidhu999@gmail.com

Abstract- Here simulation of stator voltage control of

three phase induction motor by 3-phase sine PWM
inverter, 3-phase space vector PWM inverter and 3phase AC voltage controller is done. Wave forms of
stator current, speed and torque of three phase
induction at no load, half rated load and full load are
analysed. THD in stator voltage and current is
observed.

.
I.

INTRODUCTION

Due to the widespread of non-linear loads For the

industrial development of a nation the choice of
machines is considered as utmost importance since
the early industrial era in many developing
machines the machine control is more complicated
than other quantities like loading factors or faults
etc. All most all of these machines employed are
induction machines because of their added
advantages of ruggedness, low cost, weight,
volume and inertia, high efficiency and ability to
operate in dirty and explosive environments, easy
to control when compared with DC motors even for
its disadvantage of lagging power factor. But with
the advent of power electronics transformed the
scene completely and today we have variable drive
systems which are not only smaller in size but also
very efficient and higher reliable. Induction motors
are able to be control even for variable speeds and
in the narrow range also. In other words power
electronic components find their use in low as well
as high power applications.
AC drive systems use the AC motor as the driven
element either in induction or synchronous type.
Since most of the motors in industries are only of
induction type, developed on this field took place
rapidly. We can select 3-phase AC voltage
controller along with SPWM technique for the
speed control of induction motor, ac controllers are
thyristor based devices, which convert fixed

Mahesh M P
M Tech Power Electronics,
Electrical Department
Government Engineering
College
Thrissur, India
mahesh251939@gmail.com

alternating voltage without a change in frequency.

By changing the firing angle of SCR the output
voltage of AC voltage controller changes. Since
frequency remains constant in AC voltage
controller, flux changes in the IM motor with the
change of output voltage in the AC voltage
controller and hence torque of IM changes. Since
torque is proportional to speed, speed will be
controlled. However the speed variation in narrow
range cannot be eliminated by variac technology.
This can be eliminated by power electronic
converters. With the introduction of these modern
techniques high efficiency & flexibility in control
can be achieved. Compact size and less
maintenance are the other features of this
technique.
The block schematic diagram of single closed loop control
is shown in fig.1

Fig.1
Feedback control of speed and current is
employed to regulate the speed and to maintain the
current within safe limits. The inner currentfeedback loop is for the purpose of current limiting.
The outer speed loop enforces the desired speed in
the motor drive. The speed command is processed
through a soft start/stop controller to limit the
acceleration and deceleration of the drive system.

The speed error is processed, usually through a PI

controller, and resulting torque command is limited
and transformed into stator-current command. The
current command is compared with actual current,
and the error is processed through a limiter. This
limiter ensures that the control signal to phase
controller to a safe level.

II.

CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION AND

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

3-Phase AC Voltage Controller:

In phase control the Thyristors are used as switches
to connect the load circuit to the input ac supply,
for a part of every input cycle. That is the ac supply
voltage is chopped using Thyristors during a part of
each input cycle. The thyristor switch is turned on
for a part of every half cycle, so that input supply
voltage appears across the load and then turned off
during the remaining part of input half cycle to
disconnect the ac supply from the load. By
controlling the phase angle or the trigger angle
(delay angle), the output RMS voltage across the
load can be controlled. The trigger delay angle is
defined as the phase angle (the value of wt) at
which the thyristor turns on and the load current
begins to flow. Thyristor ac voltage controllers use
ac line commutation or ac phase commutation.

There are periods when three SCRs are

conducting, one in each phase for either direction
or periods when just two SCRs conduct. Per phase
RMS output voltage.

Mode-2:- 60 a 90
Two SCRs, one in each phase, always conduct. Per
phase RMS output voltage in mode2.

Mode3:- 90 a 150
When none or two SCRs conduct. Per phase RMS
output voltage in mode3.

For a 150there is no period when two SCRs are

conducting and the output voltage is zero at a 150.
Thus, the range of the firing angle control is
0 a 150.
SPWM Technique:
In this method of modulation, by comparing a
sinusoidal reference signal with a triangular carrier
wave of frequency , the gating signals are
generated. The number of pulses per half cycle
depends on the carrier frequency. This pulses can
directly applied to gating circuit of SCR which
controls the RMS output voltage of AC voltage
controller circuit.

Fig.2
Depending on the firing angle a, there may be three
operating modes.
a) mode-1.
b) mode-2.
c) mode-3.

Mode-1:- 0 a 60

Fig.3
Space vector modulation:
Space vector modulation (SVM) is an algorithm
for the control of pulse width modulation (PWM).
[1]
It is used for the creation of alternating
current (AC) waveforms; most commonly to
drive 3 phase AC powered motors at varying
speeds from DC using multiple class-D amplifiers.
There are variations of SVM that result in different
quality and computational requirements. One active
area of development is in the reduction of total
harmonic distortion (THD) created by the rapid
switching inherent to these algorithms.
Principle
A three-phase inverter as shown converts a DC
supply, via a series of switches, to three output legs
which could be connected to a three-phase motor.
The switches must be controlled so that at no time
are both switches in the same leg turned on or else
the DC supply would be shorted. This requirement
may be met by the complementary operation of the
switches within a leg. i.e. if A+ is on then A is off
and vice versa. This leads to eight possible
switching vectors for the inverter, V0 through
V7 with six active switching vectors and two zero
vectors.

Note that looking down the columns for the active

switching vectors V1-6, the output voltages vary as a
pulsed sinusoid, with each leg offset by 120
degrees of angle. To implement space vector
modulation, a reference signal Vref is sampled with
a frequency fs (Ts = 1/fs). The reference signal may
be generated from three separate phase references
using the \alpha \beta \gamma transform. The
reference vector is then synthesized using a
combination of the two adjacent active switching
vectors and one or both of the zero vectors. Various
strategies of selecting the order of the vectors and
which zero vector(s) to use exist. Strategy selection
will affect the harmonic content and the switching
losses.

Fig.4
All eight possible switching vectors for a three-leg
inverter using space vector modulation. An
example Vref is shown in the first sector. Vref_MAX is
the maximum amplitude of Vref before non-linear
over modulation is reached. More complicated
SVM strategies for the unbalanced operation of
four-leg three-phase inverters do exist. In these
strategies the switching vectors define a 3D shape
(a hexagonal prism in \alpha \beta \gamma
coordinates or a dodecahedron in abc coordinates)
rather than a 2D hexagon.
III.

Fig.5
Stator current at No Load with m=1

SIMULATION RESULTS

The Simulink model and results for stator voltage

control of three phase induction motor using sine
PWM technique is given below.

Fig.6
Speed at No Load with m=1

Fig.A
Waveforms of stator current in one phase, motor
speed and torque at modulation index m=1 at no
load, half load and rated load using three phase sine
PWM inverter is given below.
Fig .7
Torque at No Load with m=1

Fig.8
Stator current at half load with m=1
Fig.11
Stator current at Full Load with m=1

Fig.9
Speed at half Load with m=1

Fig.12
Speed at Full Load with m=1

Fig.10
Torque at half load with m=1

Fig .15
Speed at no load

Fig.13
Torque at Full Load with m=1

The Simulink model and results for stator voltage

control of three phase induction motor using phase
space vector PWM technique is given below.
Fig.16
Torque at no load

Fig.B
Waveforms of stator current in one phase, motor
speed and torque at modulation index m=1 at no
load, half load and rated load using phase space
vector PWM is given below.

Fig.17
Stator current at half load

Fig.18
Speed at half load
Fig.14
Stator current at no load

The Simulink model and results for stator voltage

control of three phase induction motor using three
phase ac controller technique is given below.

Fig .19
Torque at half load

Fig.C

Fig.20
Stator current at full load

Waveforms of stator current in one phase, motor

speed and torque at no load, half load and rated
load using three phase AC voltage controller is
given below.

Fig.23
Stator current at no load =00
Fig.21
Speed at full load

Fig.24
Stator current at no load =3000

Fig.22
Torque at full load

Fig.25
Speed at no load =00

Fig.28
Torque at no load =300

Fig.26
Speed at no load =300

a)

Fig.29
Stator current at =00

Fig.29
b) Speed at half load =00

Fig.27
Torque at no load =00

Fig.30

Torque at half load =00

Fig.34
THD in voltage

Fig .31
Stator current at full load =00

Fig.35
THD in current

Fig.32
Speed at full load =00

IV.
CONCLUSION
Stator voltage control of 3-phase squirrel cage
induction motor using various techniques are
performed and analysed. THD in Voltage and
current are observed.
V.

Fig.33
Torque at full load =00

REFERENCES
[1]
3 phase switch mode AC voltage
controller with low THD and high power factor
Md. Ashfanoor Kabir; Nazmul Hasan; Amina
Hasan Abedin; Md. Rubaiyat Tanvir Hossain; M.
A. Choudhury Electrical & Computer Engineering
(ICECE), 2012 7th International Conference on
Year: 2012
[2] Space vector pulse width modulation for DCAC converter H. Sathishkumar; S. S. Parthasarathy
2016 Second International Conference on Science
Technology Engineering and
Management
(ICONSTEM) Year: 2016