7.

0 DATA AND RESULT

TEST 1 (smooth plate) : Distance from leading edge, x (m) =0.05m

Micrometer
reading, y(mm)

Static pressure
manometer,
P(mbar)

0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25

7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4

*manometer reading, 5mBar =64mm

Free stream velocity, U = 22.15 m/s
Reynolds number, U/= 73064.66

Pitot Tube
Pressure
Manometer,
P(mbar)
9.4
9.6
9.8
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4

Differential
manometer
height,
h(mBar)
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Differential
manometer
height, h(mm)

Velocity, u(m/s)

Velocity profile
u/U

(u/U)(1-u/U)

25.60
28.20
30.70
35.80
35.80
35.80
35.80
38.40
38.40
38.40
38.40
38.40
38.40
38.40

18.08
18.98
19.80
21.39
21.39
21.39
21.39
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.15

0.816
0.857
0.894
0.966
0.966
0.966
0.966
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

0.114
0.123
0.095
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

TEST 2 (smooth plate) : Distance from leading edge, x (m) =0.2m

Micrometer
reading, y(mm)

Static pressure
manometer,
P(mbar)

0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00

7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2

Pitot Tube
Pressure
Manometer,
P(mbar)
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6

Differential
manometer
height,
h(mBar)
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4

*manometer reading, 5mBar =64mm

Free stream velocity, U = 23.58 m/s
Reynolds number, U/= 311126.79

TEST 3 (rough plate) : Distance from leading edge, x (m) =0.05m

Differential
manometer
height, h(mm)

Velocity, u(m/s)

Velocity profile
u/U

(u/U)(1-u/U)

33.28
35.84
38.40
40.96
40.96
40.96
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52

20.62
21.40
22.15
22.88
22.88
22.88
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58

0.874
0.908
0.940
0.970
0.970
0.970
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

0.110
0.084
0.056
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Micrometer
reading, y(mm)

Static pressure
manometer,
P(mbar)

0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25

7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4

Pitot Tube
Pressure
Manometer,
P(mbar)
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.2
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6

Differential
manometer
height,
h(mBar)
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

Differential
manometer
height, h(mm)

Velocity, u(m/s)

Velocity profile
u/U

(u/U)(1-u/U)

30.72
33.28
35.84
35.84
38.40
38.40
38.40
40.96
40.96
40.96
40.96
40.96
40.96
40.96

19.81
20.62
21.40
21.40
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.88
22.88
22.88
22.88
22.88
22.88
22.88

0.866
0.901
0.935
0.935
0.968
0.968
0.968
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

0.116
0.089
0.061
0.057
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Differential

Velocity, u(m/s)

Velocity profile

(u/U)(1-u/U)

*manometer reading, 5mBar =64mm

Free stream velocity, U = 22.88 m/s
Reynolds number, U/= 75472.66

TEST 4 (rough plate) : Distance from leading edge, x (m) =0.2m

Micrometer

Static pressure

Pitot Tube

Differential

reading, y(mm)

manometer,
P(mbar)

0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50

7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2

*manometer reading, 5mBar =64mm

Free stream velocity, U = 23.58 m/s
Reynolds number, U/= 311126.79

Pressure
Manometer,
P(mbar)
9.6
9.8
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.2
10.4
10.4
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6

manometer
height,
h(mBar)
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4

manometer
height, h(mm)
30.72
33.28
33.28
35.84
38.40
38.40
40.96
40.96
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52
43.52

u/U
19.81
20.62
20.62
21.40
22.15
22.15
22.88
22.88
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58
23.58

0.840
0.874
0.874
0.908
0.940
0.940
0.970
0.970
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

0.134
0.110
0.110
0.084
0.056
0.056
0.029
0.029
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

7.1 Sample Calculation

From table;
Manometer reading: 5 mBar = 64mm
air = 1.204kg/m3
oil = 784 kg/m3
Data taken from test 1 (smooth plate)
Distance from leading edge, x (m) = 0.05m
Micrometer reading, y, =0.25mm.
a) Differential manometer height, (mBar).
DMH = Pitot tube pressure manometer Static pressure manometer
DMH = 9.6 7.4
DMH = 2.2 mBar
b) Differential manometer height in, h (mm)
2.2 mBar
64 mm=28.2 mm
5 mBar

c) Velocity, u (m/s)
u=

u=

2(784)(981)(

28.2
)
1000

1.204

u=18.98 m/ s

d)

Free StreamVelocity , U=

U=

2(784)(981)(
1.204

38.4
)
1000

e)

22.15 m/s

Velocity ratio=

u
U

18.98
22.15

Velocity ratio=0.857

f)

u
u
1 =0.857 ( 10.857 )
U
U

0.123

g) air = 1.825 x 10-5 m/s

Reynolds number, U x/ u = (1.204 X 22.15 X 0.05) (1.825 X 10-5)
= 73064.66

7.2 Graphs
Comparions plot between smooth and rough surface plate on the same graph paper.

Distance from leading edge, x(m) = 0.05m

Graph of y vs (u/U)
3.5
3
2.5
2
smooth plate

Micrometer Reading, mm 1.5

rough plate

1
0.5
0
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95

1.05

Velocity profile
u/U

Distance from leading edge, x(m) = 0.2m

Graph of y vs (u/U)
4
3.5
3
2.5

Micrometer Reading, mm

smooth plate
rough plate

1.5
1
0.5
0
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95

Velocity profile
u/U

Distance from leading edge, x(m) = 0.05m

1.05

Graph of y vs (u/U)(1-(u/U))
3.5
3
2.5
2

Micrometer Reading, mm

smooth plate
rough plate

1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.030.050.08 0.1 0.130.15

(u/U)(1-u/U)

Distance from leading edge, x(m) = 0.2m

Graph of y vs (u/U)(1-(u/U))
4
3.5
3
2.5

Micrometer Reading, mm

smooth plate

rough plate

1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.030.050.08 0.1 0.130.15

(u/U)(1-u/U)

Sample calculation for boundary layer thickness, () displacement thickness, ( ) momentum

thickness, () and shape factor, (H) by using experimental.
For smooth surface with x = 0.05m

Boundary layer thickness,

= 1.75 mm

Displacement thickness, *

=(1- u/U)dy
= ( 1- (y/ ) 1/7)dy
=1/8()
= 1/8(1.75 x10-3)
= 2.188 x10-4 m

Momentum thickness,

Shape factor, H =

= u/U( 1- u/U)
= (y/ ) 1/7)(1- (y/ ) 1/7)
=7/72()
= 7/72(1.75 x10-3)
= 1.701 x10-4 m

= 2.188 x10-4 / 1.701 x10-4

= 1.286

For smooth surface with x = 0.2m

Boundary layer thickness, = 1.50 mm

Displacement thickness, * =(1- u/U)dy

= ( 1- (y/ ) 1/7)dy
=1/8()
= 1/8(1.5 x10-3)
= 1.875 x10-4 m

Momentum thickness,

Shape factor, H =

= u/U( 1- u/U)
= (y/ ) 1/7)(1- (y/ ) 1/7)
=7/72()
= 7/72(1.5 x10-3)
= 1.458 x10-4 m

= 1.875 x10-4 m / 1.458 x10-4 m

= 1.286

For rough surface with x = 0.05m

Boundary layer thickness,

= 1.75 mm

Displacement thickness, *

=(1- u/U)dy
= ( 1- (y/ ) 1/7)dy
=1/8()
= 1/8(1.75 x10-3)
= 2.188 x10-4 m

Momentum thickness,

Shape factor, H =

= u/U( 1- u/U)
= (y/ ) 1/7)(1- (y/ ) 1/7)
=7/72()
= 7/72(1.75 x10-3)
= 1.701 x10-4 m

= 2.188 x10-4 / 1.701 x10-4

= 1.286

For rough surface with x = 0.2m

Boundary layer thickness, = 2.00 mm

Displacement thickness, * =(1- u/U)dy

= ( 1- (y/ ) 1/7)dy
=1/8()
= 1/8(2.0 x10-3)
= 2.5 x10-4 m

Momentum thickness,

Shape factor, H =

= u/U( 1- u/U)
= (y/ ) 1/7)(1- (y/ ) 1/7)
=7/72()
= 7/72(2.0 x10-3)
= 1.944 x10-4 m

= 2.5 x10-4 m / 1.944 x10-4 m

= 1.286

Sample calculation for boundary layer thickness, () displacement thickness,

( ) momentum thickness, () and shape factor, (H) by using theoretical.
For smooth plate with x = 0.05m
Reynolds number = 73064.66 (laminar)
5.0 x

Re x

5.0 (0.05)
= 73064.66
= 9.249 x10-4 m

1.72 x
Re x

1.72 (0.05)
73064.66

= 3.182 x10-4 m

0.664 x
Re x

0.664 (0.05)
73064.66

= 1.228 x10-4 m
H

= 3.182 x10-4 / 1.228 x10-4

= 2.591

For smooth plate with x = 0.2m

Reynolds number = 311126.79 (laminar)

5.0 x
Re x

5.0 (0.2)
311126.79

= 1.793 x10-3 m

1.72 x
Re x

1.72 (0.2 )
311126.79

= 6.167 x10-4 m

0.664 x
Re x

0.664 (0.2)
311126.79

= 2.381 x10-4 m
H

= 6.167 x10-4 / 2.381 x10-4

= 2.59

For rough plate with x = 0.05m

Reynolds number = 75472.66 (laminar)

5.0 x
Re x

5.0 (0.05)
75472.66

= 9.1 x10-4 m

1.72 x
Re x

1.72 (0.05)
75472.66

= 3.13 x10-4 m

0.664 x
Re x

0.664 (0.05)
75472.66

= 1.208 x10-4 m

= 3.13 x10-4 / 1.208 x10-4

= 2.591

For rough surface with x = 0.2m

Reynolds number = 311126.79 (laminar)

5.0 x
Re x

5.0 (0.2)
311126.79

= 1.793 x10-3 m

1.72 x
Re x

1.72 (0.2 )
311126.79

= 6.167 x10-4 m

0.664 x
Re x

0.664 (0.2)
311126.79

= 2.381 x10-4 m
H

= 6.167 x10-4 / 2.381 x10-4

= 2.59

7.3 Analysis result

Velocity and free stream Reynolds Number
Test

U (m/s)

Re

Conditon

22.15

73064.66

Laminar

23.58

311126.79

Laminar

22.88

75472.66

Laminar

23.58

311126.79

Laminar

Table of comparison under experimental value and theoretical.

For smooth plate: 50mm (Rex = 73064.66)
Poperti
es

Experime
ntal

Theoretical

2.188 x104
m
1.701 x104
m

9.249 x10-4
m
3.182 x10-4
m
1.228 x10-4
m

1.286

2.591

1.75mm

For smooth surface: 200mm (Rex =311126.79)

Poperti
es

Experime
ntal

1.50mm

Theoretical

1.875 x104
m
1.458 x104
m

1.793 x10-3
m
6.167 x10-4
m
2.381 x10-4
m

1.286

2.59

For rough surface: 50mm (Rex =75472.66)

Poperti
es

Experime
ntal

Theoretical

1.75mm

9.1 x10-4 m

2.188 x104
m

3.13 x10-4
m

1.701 x104
m

1.286

1.208 x10-4
m
2.591 x10-4
m

For rough surface: 200mm (Rex =311126.79)

Poperti
es

Experime
ntal

2.00mm

Theoretical

2.5 x10-4
m
1.944 x104
m

1.793 x10-3
m
6.167 x10-4
m
2.381 x10-4
m

1.286

2.59