Physics PhD Qualifying Examination: With Solutions Part I- Saturday, August 21, 2004 STUDENT: Designate the problem numbers that you are handing in for grading in the appropriate left hand boxes below. Initial the right hand box. PROCTOR: Check off the right hand boxes corresponding to the problems received from each student. Initial in the right hand box. Student's initials # problems handed in: Proctor’s initials =) olee|Sfofala lolol Sl o INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTING ANSWER SHEETS 1. DO NOT PUT YOUR NAME ON ANY ANSWER SHEET. EXAMS WILL BE COLLATED AND GRADED BY THE ID NUMBER ABOVE 2. Use at least one separate preprinted answer sheet for each problem. Write on only one side of each answer sheet 3. Write your identification number listed above, in the appropriate box on each preprinted answer sheet 4. Write the problem number in the appropriate box of each preprinted answer sheet. If you use more than one page for an answer, then number the answer sheets with both problem mumber and page (e.g. Problem 9 — Page 1 of 3) 5. Staple together all the pages pertaining to a given problem. Use a paperclip to group together all eight problems that you are handing in, 6. Hand in a total of eight problems. A passing distribution will normally include at least three passed problems from problems 1-5 (Mechanics) and three problems fom problems 6-10 (Electricity and Magnetism), and with at least one problem from problems 5 or 10 (Special Relativity). DO NOT HAND IN MORE THAN EIGHT PROBLEMS.LL (3,43) Consider the motion ofa particle in a potential U(t) in a rotating frame. «, the angular velocity of the rotation with respect to an inertial frame, is constant in time (2) Construct the Lagrangian for the particle in the rotating frame. (b) Obtain the equation of motion in the rotating frame (©) Obtain the Hamiltonian of the particle in the rotating frame. 12. [10] A particle of mass m starts at rest on top of a smooth fixed hemisphere of radius a. Find the force of constraint, and determine the angle at which the particle leaves the hemisphere. Problem 1-2.313. [3,7] Four identical masses are connected by four identical springs and constrained to move on a frictionless circle of radius “b” as shown below in the figure. Problem 1-3. (a) How many normal-modes of oscillations are there? (>) What are the frequencies of small oscillations?14. 5,5] ‘4 Particle of mass M is constrained to move on a horizontal plane in afield of gravity A second particle of mass m is constrained to a vertical line. The two particles are connected by a massless string which passes through a hole in the plane. The motion is frictionless. a) Find the Lagrangian of the system and derive the equations of motion, b) Show that the object is stable in radius ry with respect to small changes in the radius, and find the frequency of small oscillations.FS. [5,5] A relativistic particle moves from rest at the origin at t = 0 under a constant force F=mgi. (@) Calculate the velocity and the position of the relativistic particle at time t. (b) Obtain expressions for the position and velocity at time t for (vie << 1). Would you anticipate this result. Explain 16. (2,3,5] Consider a medium with nonzero conductivity « [(J = ¢ E) gives the current density] and no net charge ( p = 0). (@) Write down the set of Maxwell’s equations appropriate for this medium. (b) Derive the wave equation for E in this medium. (©) Consider a monochromatic wave moving in the +x direction with Ey (or E,) given by Ey- ye yoetoo Show that this wave has an ampl litude which decreases exponentially; find the attenuation length.E7. [10] Problem I-7.18. [10] A conducting circular loop made of wire of diameter d, resistivity p, and a mass density ‘Quis falling from a great height h in a magnetic field with a component B,= Bo(1+ x z), where x is some constant. Zhe loop of diameter Dis always parallel to the x-y plane. Disregarding air resistance, find the terminal velocity of the loop. d “a er ' ' 1 :, exp(ikz -cot))9 is incident on an atom of Polarizabilty «at positon (0, 0, 0), [Treat the polarized atom asa dipole] (a) Find the electric and magnetic fields of the radiated wave at large distance D at the following points (i) on the y-axis, (i) on the x-axis. (©) Find the total time-averaged power radiated by the polarized atom110. [4,6] A field E in spherical coordinates & (7, t) has the form: sae [ 005 (kr~ wt) - sinc kr- ot) Js (@) Show that this is a valid expression for the electric part of the electromagnetic wave. (©) Obtain an expression for the energy per unit time carried by this wave through the surface of a sphere of radius R. i Does the answer depend on R. Explain,—t 2 dengue shied Saocig hae ae wits ee on curtik eH. i aT We me cowsidini bene a tx pounbe ow . a “ee yee. pore Lleine in si He - vr ai Ji da pth ps ~ gl L ra f-o-¢ > mad* ma cose + heo . maa. sim -M@G-0 => Gs sme But 6 - GH6 oy {266 “deine is > [oe 9 2 .-Peose rg [ott-o,0-0-6 2 ma (cose -2) *x folls off woh cose,= 2 K(4-379 Four Ccloutical anadoes are —._ Commnected_ abt} peer phan Chal Spree Lex Soa Cots aan gbeabeiuc” wots _ _ LOM ss = ieee beled ti sl fee _ oh (a) Hows _ many. mer mel-modoy ar “ TR rede aes thie 3 mall rs ci Og . - ore ita tio‘ at od _ Solutfou: _ (RPM hang they 7 are 9,5, 55: Sy 5. pena a ghd conde, Ep tans tin lenonga wy Us aystésa <3(2) { Meehaues: I-3 comtinual. = 1 «Ot 6% ot te Te pecs S$) Ra the Spy 13 ore Adoaktaek at epui (ibrcum to Foulm are positioned ayinmeth( | on th circle, 62, thare be Two aneggltboriag Metts) ta n-th cel Ho M+yth gubtedlr Th at Do counter. Wupan 28 on weigh ening manacs cpr lisp laced Frm ths quslibyl Um positioug , syne comnecting ow Nill be exteudod by tupee (Snet — Sa I)7. OT ~ Abain| a (Sot gu +0) ] Lh din = E (Say -S,, , Fur gmall ose lat ous gar awhich 9, ave amall. 2 the poteutil enogy ©, V= BIS +93 +5 ~$4°35 FE- FSI Ths ayabeu hao fous P2yposa Rreedgen Cun \dnce foOw Morte gen : (bo) TH TT oul V matyees ore BR -B o he VF ~Yn Rh -h% oO Oo -th eR “HA Bl. A> B?.(3) (£33 continual. the deoulur equities becomes [V-wF] = fame” fp 0 ay “Remus -P/a } ° -bhy Pom ~FY/2 - Blo. Oo _ by, $- mu omd Ao 2erdus equcction has G2 Toots (5°) iB) Ve ) : Hence, ta dal frguucts of nell =O osci llatio VB ome aEit) Gdn Mews q Lol Ae feo cio rma ef Dydd —reaubhing in = SM FES BO) ebm PP cmg of the thong on His teb@ On flo owe @ mun M Kinehie Eooyy Lim Y : i Mey tng (Sie t) ib TE “Grol ex Fala lec. Cape ociy foreas lag cor alos Rack part Fem-0 2 Fradlial = (Mun) 7 _— Coabripotall fhece Ful = Medes Ho oH ee SMe r mg Cee)| Ralouconf radial os Zero _ _ ee - moe =0 _ iad cup hiour _ Eguation {a ee | Auqulor Park aruguloy Moututum (om. eye g — - Or re Hor = = ed ee _ Augoloy Fores ofZ = Since alias ach Ou we s {——— brat an ficken MN Geli of ougelo Laohina — EEE ne Inte ens gy tg ft - —— = 37 (Mim) + 2F ge ~ op et a yo Kindle “Polack. lL. é &gs Fale we v-wnk L _ ee _ -bY to fluct Louihi erin ta ty @) Conbidy Poll pal of Bet Uoff = + y ao a Che sebateh, Joe efron shoul fe ng 2 1 - ng ao HO 5 teloe ry img - BO Elen 2 %- — BENS oo Stability ay oe . _ Ta pli goes pf 2% ode + 0-2 oe > W's i es Mug. ws 7 _ Mam M - 3 éghin 3pm we dU yeVo 3a - tm ow ~~ > a = Mag we — fee Csi we. Fing- of all (oe Tbe & Me En -ap -€ pe re E Ie) * Fang ° i ta ~¢ ar 4M = & J “Fy ar(t=0) o. Vor us _G9t OM yy ge Zz” —_ cue ay V eS ate ft (oan) £0 yee -1) +% Ultro\=0 ay [ope — / J 85%) ee é(4eS7 TONLE WLR - Te the mirelatinistee One he, a oling orm tw the. rpenSeam Wi, Poweee Oy) heute be Meludel oy Mal are_4e —_ Toa Gtr hook ** he -\je at hive Welt, Ore prolate ty Net en apechencey[~6.] 6 Sole tou i (a) vz. De wp (¢) eat (ee VE ¢ 2B ae) ve =o (ee) Vxh = T+ FE Solution oS a ¢ (b) Taka the corked (iv) TxUxH = Lt +d / av? une (GxPx8 =O (PA)-T I) «give honee ert obtam . “Vs OFLA GAB) mew Tare oneal D=6 ee hoses NG = tor FnE +E BOE o~ (cd) ened Ba A we Pd. or or there wn Rp (49 Sole we 3 tak: Vv ek Sve | Yirey oH E =0 (a) Now from Eo ~ OO -o ‘ Axbo tho Sone “epeciibe *) tend Meher tan -e + Se ¢ ena) =o “pe = Vee B(i+ ¢ ¢_ Ye we 4 Bitcg" Solve Car BA S9uere 726k Ble Couey 2yremion.(a) \ ote% ° (ite sis te aatb jout =e La A" = ee Sb mew Aaguariz Bs above Loum, at.pt= J] y aabs Wo gon pe ew lA b= (t+) et ¥*(@et)* )* (+) rep brack. of (need te aacteify O o~=O (vac ) b=-R's oe U pation). (Vacuum) b=$"=0 (me eee WB5F aTouuetr's, fog e (e' pe ck) Cor S=(&y"'s Ga & 5 (Br -9 hk Vuherean Bh MebQury a (SAD ‘econ Nhe wie tlc -7) 2d aginuchal on 2 leat Vga) = a r*+By _\P, (cose) 2-0 ra B.C: 20, V=0 V-0 om surface fesse (a< Vire)- he Seg a Reese) Vr wso v Led e “WOo)- Te (ro Je ese af re = T= [o-d Gee dA Ses eps af Banton ene uw su fort che. GT =-6, av ~ 58, Ue cose T= 301d ~ ouin Peninad shake, eed 10 Gcoorabb. > PEA, myn, = 2% $ R amg = (AB Re 4 ve a -Ltt oe Ge Vl = Rn leg tren — = 8 WDA) = Bn) aut R =o (Cerabow) H - ebests fing 9 CHB Ba DR KR + i — =< _ Sasalabys ph foter e 7 Walter fell D> fall fer Bos Sinably rugs ell fluke DN — te Hat feb Sin A ok\ 9 0 RxB) = eye ees) ee") (:) (axe) xt = =. a he SueD-tat) P(e) (2) Eades aces Bgc= Axe, ce 7 = sc [hey Ho = Hea g power Pe (at (az § = tot Be \o0 foc > ple[3-19] It Con be ehwwn mn mine Zhen ome wey Akt EF Be frrren isa Geod Coun lila te am — lade fold, a CO! Cam ohwr thet EF gu® 7 ahendy MOv nes eqn otto TBeo VE=0 ver 5-3, B Can bo chtermuul Lo. . i ° fom Aha Cherel b) Alle~nate One Ahem gt E a e _ Pca Ae Wee Wakes, ae =O 4 € v yy VE yee MoS = =? —e Ol =O V B= e, SF en Ts aleweh the bal ring de Ci) de the tax, boty te we, Ay Kew “ak nN <= “Ike barlng th, Met aed teePhysics PhD Qualifying Examination : With Solutions Part II - Wednesday, August 25, 2004 Name (please print) Identification Number: STUDENT: insert a check mark in the left boxes to designate the problem numbers that you are handing in for grading. PROCTOR: check off the right hand boxes corresponding to the problems received from each student. Initial in the right hand box. 3 Student’s initials 3 4 # problems handed in: 5 6 7 Proctor’s initials 8 9 10 INSTRU iS FOR SUB! |G ANSWER SHEETS 1. DO NOT PUT YOUR NAME ON ANY ANSWER SHEET. EXAMS WILL BE COLLATED AND GRADED BY THE ID NUMBER ABOVE. 2. Use at least one separate preprinted answer sheet for each problem. Write on only one side of each answer sheet. 3. Write your identification number listed above, in the appropriate box on the preprinted sheets, 4. Write the problem number in the appropriate box.of each preprinted answer sheet. If you use more than one page for an answer, then number the answer sheets with both problem number and page (e.g, Problem 9 — Page 1 of 3). 5. Staple together all the pages pertaining to a given problem. Use a paper clip to group together all eight problems that you are handing in 6. Hand in a total of eight problems. A passing distribution will normally include at least four passed problems from problems 1-6 (Quantum Physics) and two problems from problems 7-10 (Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics) DO NOT HAND IN MORE THAN EIGHT PROBLEMS.Hl, [10 A parle of mass isin an infinitely high one-dimensional potential box of width L. At the bottom of the box, there is a finite bump of height V, and width L/2. Using time- independent perturbation theory, determine the perturbed energy up to second order end the perturbed wavefunction up to first order of the groundsiate. Give the condition in terms of V,, m, A, and L for the perturbation ‘expansion to be sensible, W-2. [4,42] A particle with an initial momentum vector ky is scattered by a potential V(¥) into a state ky. (2) Write down an expression for the first term in the amplitude of the scattered wave in the Bom approximation. To what does this reduce for elastic scattering in a spherically symmetric potential? (b) State and and outline how to derive the optical theorem. (©) A positron is scattered by a nucleus of charge Ze. What are the differential and total cross sections? Can you compare this result to the classical analog?W-3. [10] use 26g) $8, a) +8 ), which holds for any observable Q, to prove that, for a particle in a general potential V(r), the rate of change of the expectation value cof the orbital angular momentum Lis equal to the expectation value of the torque. 2a) = 00, where N= Fx (90) ‘Use this to show that ( L ) is conserved for any spherically symmetric potential 4. [3,4,3] A particle of mass m moves in a three dimensional central potential V(F) which vanishes for rc. The particle is non-relativistic, ‘We know the exact Eigenstate of the particle WF)=Cr? 6 * cos@ Where C and a are constants, 8) What is the angular momentum of this state? Justify your answer. >) What is the energy, what is the kinetic energy of the particle? ©) What is ¥(F)? Is the potential attractive or repulsive?-8. [10] Prove the inequality | 46] 26] > 1|6,[4.2]6| Where A and B are Hermitian operators and [A.B] = AB-BA is the commutator of A and B. ¢ is a vector in Hilbert space. H-6. [10] A linear harmonic oscillator is acted upon by a uniform electric field which is considered to be a perturbation and which depends as follows on the time: where A is a constant and + is the characteristic time parameter. Solve this problem by using perturbation techniques. Assuming that when the field is switched on ( that is, at t=. ) the oscillator is in its ground state, evaluate to a first approximation the probability that itis excited at the end of the action of the field ( that is, at t= +=).U7. [4,6] A gas is initially confined to one-half of a thermally isolated container. The other half is empty. The gas is suddenly permitted to expand to fill the entire chamber. Assuming the initial temperature of the gas in the half-container is T;, find the temperature Ty after the expansion for the following two cases: (@) Equation of state: pV =nRT () Equation of state: b oye .) =nRT 1-8, [10] Derive a general expression for the difference between the specific heat at constant pressure Cp and the specific heat at constant volume C,, AC = C,— Cy , in terms of thermodynamic variables ( P, V, T ) and their derivativesIL-9. [4,33] Consider the three-dimensional non-interacting classical ultra-relativistic gas, (¢ = pc), in the canonical ensemble. (a) Find the partition function. (b) Find the equation of state, (©) Find the internal energy and the specific heat. 11-10, [10] If a magnetic field H7 is applied to a gas of uncharged particles having spin /2 and ‘magnetic moment y and obeying Fermi-Dirac statistics, the lining up of the spins Produces a magnetic moment/volume. Set up general expressions for the magnetic moment/volume at arbitrary 7 and H. Then for low enough temperature, determine the magnetic susceptibility of the gas in the limit of zero magnetic field, correct to terms of order T? . Note the integral fc VEdE =2, exp [(Z—~ E)/kT] +1 3 + Here _ is defined as the chemical potential function in the Fermi-Dirac distribution.pul 4 | epubiaded obckey i P90. - Pon) @ AT eolye Ey = mL waved J ashe o if bg e Fmd Bloo® oy . “ Lbs ractdy Hone be. Is Phe phone aheph a he Leg pantat Wwene, We oe ce leubed- Sag 99 % * 20) nan Be (cole bond) =4r- 5 . e LQ Aue ThosT-Seo dls? = 1 L0H,Ld) = 4 EHCR ta) + ete» Sertad™ >, i apy] = 4h Y -2 kav a2 - it (unt? dO (Px ( -¥v)) ae ) YU V@Q)HVO) > WV =F. Pe fr <0 or? 4 KD) Consrud=== fe4¥ Solubiou _ Lo) A Re Ps fer) t S =O >> oe “This is 0 0 py state ¢ with ale tntution ZL, Lo : lek oe a a oh a) ug way _ — Cousivler £ usegs ia pl in , poreldnakey, _ Ted oe HUB 7 2 Sas Ut ty seay -Dp-—___-__— wll a “race sain A Bu upll cous OB aud wn oui ulow comypouseut- Quo D pots Ants 6 y= _Cr®, os, (ok 3) sf pee 0 > h=0 2 J ialO) _ ao -a a | BE the cperator of Hix pngutor ou oti CF Crue) = r === | | | | | | | inl vidluat shp _ aye -Crie 5.9 . _ a — Te ae al a PRY 20> err ooad oo —4 le (HOG) Y = CPE Oe = 2g ple US = kfbea) > hE i— The ge abiuubir . ae £4Sobirhion ¢ b) (ouside, otal avons _opevstor aay rent foe Qugulay Mou. &G--E VV _ |e aeeg) a ew th HZ sel A “la “pueliyilal Ryo ee | ey 2 Cro" “lor O = _ . oe Cwel eee eye] a a ss ae Oo 1 EE) E fT 8b 988 p20 (EY on eS ae oe frrrs\as(ar Po _ and wile LO it ey # S (ot PACH) Slit y— --it = = "ow > + ee 4 ae an) (HN mae on mC SS SeyGlabion = wile CO pefae = Exedy 4 Eprolenblal _ Ta He Dust of 15 00 He pabsicl® polabrLEreye Yasha LR Vasco mn Fe | 4% a | VO) = Etaht ~ Eatin = = [2 a) ODE) — — = — — - tla, pela ber eu. _abockve fo fe — _ ~ AMD — - _ aarp + tem ae ~pe ps pe oi - \ 3 \o TABI el=4 le, CAaw-Bayg| IC, AB) — Cb BAS) | heat nae Case a) — Cera fee \Caa Ba) - (Ao BA] ~ Ore) = CP +) 12 bees (Ab) BE) Cori) -Ueiy) = VLy Men CA, BAD) £ VC AS BH) SE HASH URCapproach to solve TS. 16 wR’ Fron Dosidl Park “Hitkoducdion to” Grameen Toeeg" We Grau Ibo \s To derive the indeterminacy relations between (wo. quantitiés "Paha O ” in terms of the standard deviations of their statistical distributions, let P and j @ be the corresponding operators in some representation and let thet cominiifi- = tor be written as DEM (8, Q)= ic Seems oe Yiere the {has been introduced in order that C shall bea hermitin operat, Now examine the real number ae of WO wow : considered as a function of the real number A. Evidently, G must be posit or zero. Writing it out in detail, we have, by (3.28), Ga fe + OW. (P +O = [ie ndewe (P+ 209 (the dot, as before, shows where P and Q stop operating) . ] G= [ vn? n0xP + 20W 20 j (Problem 3.20 warns to be careful with hermiticity in this step) Expanding the Product but keeping track of the order of factors and using (3.36) gives ; G = /2?) = AKED? G3) | The uncertainty principle is a relation between standard deviations defined as in (3.34), and it follows at once from the general relation (3.38). To derive it replace P and Q in (3.38) by P — ¢P) and § ~ (Q), respectively. The new P and @have the same commutation relation (3.36) as the old, but now comparison with (3.34) gives AP AQ 2 4IKC>) (3.39)2. J Solution . set a how thet T eutes pute De erturbing Field ru puch a moy Keb ese he P, ckich & traugforced De th oscillator bs tho electrical reff UN Ba dura tren +B per Cebu, | dapeud an re rd = fe Cate 28 eA 2 [ow F (fy [dt=ercoy | Sraph cally Cig na “thak 428 aree Undly~ (luod ede sane par alban ag i | a poi fara Lramctcou fre Lhe Wt, [station to discrete Spectrum LB Aho Beth Sass & Z ? Unga Be LL Mn exp(tiy patel" owith y" cmatrix “leamocdt lo pertureatr’sy 1 Mans SON peed, ath Wen = mo ele a), aubwe pe age cere the (ange fvetions ctudl encry Lovehs of te Gorrerpondiang (ump unperturbed) ot Monat “etn elanras. Ae rn nad abe, an i3. “gfte aseillatoy, ou ibe oh .Gphacomadt Fen ets’ aquili ‘brium poaitiow, thon Ath @ tuiforn sield” far Jo pevturbatyon fom Voy t) =-ex€~ Hee, Uoreing matrix Nemeth R=» a sw, 2 © pte) =O) anak tale Vor =V ake, 5 GIE, 6) for WW, Lag abou, we obtec Boprebesiltey ful excrete Wow = re hoo Paral for Ls wt- (4) Jae] Fromm the well Anown inckegpel Helahie+, (exe ola" Wde = WIE exe Lae) LOeve?ive obtarm Wo, - = Pla jt (wt)*) mecs fe T >> we (akiabat's perturhatin i far Tx ao to probabilct C S 4 otk 4 t excr Caton a pra oy[TER] apes oh a AG= SQ4eSEW =O SQ=O Senay ads abalic BWrO Huddle smpannsn AQ= TAS + PAV W= GCTIN) = owt. as) =7( S) ats (3), =r ay) 3B), 7 Tt GO B-r avo % A &-te EY) av 2 - ae Ca) pV = net ney p- Vv OP oe _ a => daT= Po Le wv=O s*), Vv z, ( ) aAT=0 4% ao Ow) ble*+S) ene v _ ORT a Poy Vb 23 _ aR ye A OeT_o Te | \V Ca), = 3 7 4 aq le Ne 4 -- 4 2danN ie vy 8a A aN Ay =- 40a = (a= 200% Via\s + vy Ve = 2Vo _ a (ALA\ Loe Ten Te oR 3) ewNe[M=8 YoUurtwon av ° Sp e7- ar) = Cut + 17ER) ay aT= TAR Tr, pee "S Sa Selon for Gi} ane) B- 7x O-vdQ = Cy &T +pev pV=a kr pavrvilk = RT 4 Ce-G= mR. BG re Ribg head ble —» aa (espe) Fe pation fou he bee Me ead of he hem sd dle vot 2 dle poof baat o ' -p Ser: i Ze vey Pahoa ZB fer e ae Pi = [Pel Nw” 2 Vien wr r+ Too " a” ain —4,, | 37 4 | amv C&T) (wth ey? N! Ve 9 F--ATLD --[2F) - #rn ? (gE) = w PV =e NAT[re] le Sncigs er particle afew (cok: para Splice ‘paral te fi Ho gi Freee by UL= £ et ane eeeaee) egy lew els of Ho qyatoss Xe Xs. deat: prpeiane funciios 9 $(Y) “ETH ; £) of Sesole ¢ ts given bg. wiyse: olp , tHe tat onsrndar o particles N 4 given by N= tis {ap [fl + £(4.)] (3) cul 7 amagnetize tcog Colum tg v7 [eT 464]. Fat (ay ie abe a denne? be gubatteted 4118 2 Seay Arter mine My aoa febsction of Nv3. [IL-0] Solution (outinaed) a oe ya ee ak the sBe3 t di res, ceua cea! aah g formate give toe find 4 lind epee ye te fe aH) fe T(ar OTE ES) If epee: se Gas Sem 2 ee) f : peo termes é oi - oe Solving feF Pom one mes FRSA) BH) + Sythe S42, th0 Ferme encry on Syn a Bhim/ier ese: vine aus iel ib Peni = BAR) 1-2 RE) S of