[2 mares (8) The structure below represents a part of a polypeptide chain, hore i i of reg @-©- S-e- G7 N- Go o~ Ne t a not o chor oO Ff 4) Name the class of compound which is formed on hydrolysis of this polypepticle chal amare (4) Draw the displayed formula of the Link holding the units together. (mer il) Draw the displayed formulae of the products formed on iydratysis of the polypep- tide cha (2 marks] ‘Total 10 marks‘Ginna is a polymer that feels like silk.and has the Following generalized partial stroctute 9 H ow oe eo cx ou . no “ou B o o ty 2 cy—c Ho” ‘ow o e 2 a Sour a, Hn om ae % a rc! na xn’oo co) © [Distinguish between addition and condensation polymerisation, DDeduce the structures of te monomers from which A, Hand C were derived {6 marks) In the ease of polymerC Gi) draw the displayed formula of the Fink present { toma Gi) state the elass of compounds illustrated.6. Resend iow tng pectin of ply maion 1 “4 “a8 it ‘ “ hod a eo o 6 i} i 1 4 SHLRTCoHg RH « a HGFEH E08 + — steer, MECH — (> @)_—_ State the names of reactants and the preducts formed far EACH of reactions and 0 [2 marks) 63) Use the examples illruated in Land I above to distinguish between 8) a monomer und s polymer £3 mnrks} ») addition polymerization and condensation polymerisation, {3 omrks} o Sepeest, with reasons, the type of polymerisation you would expect for EACH of the moaomers labelled X, and 7 , © i SScsem HOCHC— oH CH,—cH,— c= cry, or Sy ‘ si ¢ hs cn, a ( 6 marks] (i) Using at lease THTREE molcentes of monomer Z, draw = section of the polymer kat would be Formed and Wentify he repeat (marks) © Asection of a polypetide is shown below, ca, 5 ° cu, os 1 1 u i 1 no Oe — Ne 0 — gp Nc t i t i i i 4 ° ou u ° ZN ca, “cH, co,n Draw displayed strucuiral furmular: for THREE different molecules preseat ia his pot Com(a) wb) © @ Define the term “structural isomerism’ fA mur} Gi) One isomer of the formula C, H, ©, can be represented as follows: H—-C-0-CH, CH, CH, V oO Give other examples of isomers of this formule to illustrate a) chain isomerisen b) positional isomerism ©) funetianal group isomerism. (3 marks} Draw the displayed formulae for TWO of the structural isomers of the compound of ‘molecular formula C\H,, and name EACH isomer drawn, [4 marks} ONE of the isomers of C,H, is said to show “stereoisomeristn’. (2) Name and draw displayed formulae of the stereoisomers, and explain why Sereoisometistn develops in the isomer chosen, and NOT in the other isomers, [ Smarks} ii) Explain why the product of the reaction of the isomer in (c) (i) with HBr has TWO isomers. Draw fully displayed formulae af these TWO isomers, explaining the Isomerisen shown, [ 4marks} Hydrolysis of proteins can lead to the isolation of 2-aminobutanoic acid, Enzyme hydrolysis of the protein will yield a product that rotates the direction of plane. polarised light whereas the product formed from the use of the inorganic reagents has no effect on plane-polarised light Suggest an explanation for the observation stated above, [ marks] Total 20 marksSynthetic polymenc materials have found widespread use globally and have contributed difficulties with solid waste management werldwide. PVC, polyvinyletWoride and PET, polyethyleneterapthalate (a polyester) are two organic symthetic polymers with varied applications. Methods of recycling these polymers have been developed to provide solutions 10 Solid waste dispasat problems. ©) Give On| respond to natural degradative processes. (4 marked use for EACH of these polymers and suggest hy these polymers do nat () Chemical methods of degradation have been developed to allow the waste polymer to bbe used as feedstock in the development of new materials, including bres, The chem!- al process is often referred ta as depolymerization. (iy Suggest the meaning of the term “depolymerization.” [1 mark 1 4G} State TWO chemicals that could be used in the depolymerization of PET and explain the chemical process oceurring (Smarks} (©) Tw one Nibre-producing process, collected PC material is converted 10 fine chips and then dissolved in « solvent before conversion into extrusion fibres. The fibres are sub sequently used in textile production. (3) What would be a suitable solvent for this process? (tmark | Gi) Suggest a reason for the use of Fine chips [tmarkd ive TWO safety precautions that should be enforced during this recycling process, {2marks) cia) Gv) Suggest a use oF property of any clothing produced from these recycled fibres (Ramah f (@) Attempts have been made to dispose of PVC material via incineration. Discuss. the advantages and disadvantages of using this method of disposal [Smarks} ‘Total 20 marks(2) Explain the following polymerization processes: (Condensation (marks Gi) Aaition (2 marks} Polyester is formed from the bifunctional monomers [HO-R-OH and HOCO-R'-COOIT), Mlustrate the formation of the repeat unit of polyester by [2 marks} ® © means of an equation, Gi) Mlustrate the repeat unit of the polymer formed by the reaction between the ‘unsaturated monomers CH, = CHK. {2 marks) Go Gwose COD) canbe presented by th stucure (A and the ating tesa for the production of the naturally occurring macromolecules, starch (Structure 1) and ccelluloge (Saructure 2). AN ON” Starch - Structure 1 LODO ™ oN (By relerence to Structure | and Structure 2 above, identify the wepeat unit in starch by cellulose [2 marks} (i) Explain why 2 sweet taste develops after chewing on a starch product for a few minutes. [4marks} (6) Complete hydrolysis of a polypeptide yields the amino acids, glycine (Gly), serine (Sen), haistidine Gis), leuine (Leu) and valine (Val), Partial hydrolysis yields the following larger Fragments: Gly. Lew: Lew His: Leu. His. Sex: Ser. Val and His. Ser Deihice the sequence of these monomeric molecules inthe polypeptide [2 marke) ©) Nylon 6a whens diamine, ,8—(CH), NH, react with eden acid, HO - F—(CH,), ~ C ~ OFF, me me * he icartor gee ©) Wns me payed stacrc af repeat nt of ro 6.6 12 Ci) Whats te comenon stctara featr exh by he natural plyeerprol Snaares nace pys ‘Total 20 ma‘The sequence of monomer Units in a macromolecule is called its primary structure. Part of the primary structure of one macromolecule, A, is shbwa in Figure 5. uw oH O H BH O H HO ior owe bob ow bok ou -N-¢-C-N-~C-C-N-C-~C~ I { H-C- cH ca, cH, | , . 1 on, NB, | ou cH, Figures (@) —G)__ How many monomer tnits are present in this portion of the macromolewile? (mark } [Draw the displayed structure of twe monomers used to make A, (2 marksl (&) To what class of compounds do the monomers ang macromolecule, A, belong? Monomer: Macromolecule A: L 12 marks}we o@ Nylon 6.6 has similar characteristics to A. () Name the (ype of reaction that occurs when aylon 6.6 or A is boiled with concen tated hydrochloric Ut mark 1 Copy the structure of A. and use it to illustrate the changes that occur during the reaction described in (c) (i) above (mark | Git) —Draw the fully di {splayed structure of ONE product of the reaction described in (6 1G) above. (1mark} State ONE common structural feature and ONE different structural feature sn nylon 6.6 and A, {amare ‘Total 10 marksFigure 1 shows a reaction scheme. ® Cold KMnO, 1 ca, * Bro) Ho! cn, n E a ' cn, t u Figure 1. Reaction scheme >(©) Acan theoretically be used 10 make a polymer. (What is meant by a *polymer"? i) Naine any ONE industrial polymer which could result fram the pealyanerivation: process named at (e) Gi) ahove Kiv) Suggest the repeat unit for a polymer made trom. { tmark | (Can compounds such as those in D undergo addition polymerisation? Justify your answer.(@) Write the general structure of an amino acid. Ctmark | (©) Nylon 66 and proteins are macromolecules formed from the condensation of smaller molecules. ‘State the simtarity and the difference between the structures of these macromolecules. Similarity pitterence 1 2 marks) ‘Total 15 marks