You are on page 1of 32

-

-26 2010-



:
) (= 0.05




2005/2004 ) (574 ) (123

559

...


.
:
: ) (30 .
.
) (k R 20
) .(0.89 ) (Two-Way ANOVA

: )( = 0.05


) ( = 0.05
)( = 0.05
.

560

-26 2010-

:
)(

.

" ) (
" ) (704 1970
: ) .(1999
:


)1991 1993 .(Ormord, 1998




).(1993
)( )(

1960
Novak and

)Gwin, 1989 .(2003 )(


561

...



).(Ausubel, 1968; Ausubel, 1960
) (Lanzing, 1997 :

. )(

. ) (1999" :

" )2004
(2001 :



.



.

).(Martin, 1991

562

-26 2010-







) 2001 .(1998


) (Wittrock


)2004 .(Wittrock, 2004
)
( )
(

) .(1995 ) (2002

) (1980

563

...


.



.
) (1990

) (200 )(6
) (4 ) (2 .
) (40 .

) (0.05 =
) ( = 0.05

.
) (1999

.
) (210
: .

) ( = 0.05
.

564

-26 2010-

) ( = 0.05
.
) (2004


:
) (51 .
.

) ( =0.05
.


) (Novak, Gowin, and Johnson, 1983
) (155
.

.

.
) (Pankratius 1990
.

565

...

) (87




.


) ( =0.05
.
)(Strum, and Rankin_ Erickson 2002

)

( :
.
.


.

.

566

-26 2010-

)(Strum, and Rankin_ Erickson 2002



) Novak, et al, 1983 Pankratius, ;1990
(Strum, and Rankin_Erickson, 2002


)(
)(Novak, et al, 1983


) 1990 (1999
) (2004 .



.


)
.(1991


.

567

...




:



) 1988 .(1995



:
) (1992 1990 1989 1987
) (1987 .
) .(2000 ) .(2003


) (1990 ).(2003



)
1991 .(1995

568

-26 2010-


2004/2003

) .
2003 .(2005

.1 ) (=0.05

.2 ) (=0.05

.3 ) (=0.05

569

...

:
.1 ) (=0.05
.
.2 ) (=0.05
.
.3 ) (=0.05

.

:
.1


.
.2
.

.2005/2004

570

-26 2010-

.

.
:


:
.1 .
.2 ) ( :
.
....
.3 .
.4
:

571

...


.
.5
.
.6 .


.
.7 .
.8
.
.9 :
.
:

)( : ) (
.

572

-26 2010-

: 94/17

1994/3/2 . .

:
:


2005 /2004 ) (574 (291) )(283
.

:
) (123
) (69 ) (54
:
.

.

) (1

) (2005/2004 .

573

...

)(1
)
(

35

27

62

34

27

61

69

54

123

:
. :

.

.

.
. :

) (30
. :
-1 ) ( .

574

-26 2010-

-2
:
.
-3
.
-4 .


) (%80 .
) (40 . ) (30.

:

2005 /2004
.
) 0.29 .(2004
.


. .

575

...

) (k R 20
).(0.89
:
-1
)(2005/2004.
-2 .
-3 ) ( )
( .
-4

.
-5

.
-6 .
) (2 .

576

-26 2010-

)(2

34

35

14.2571

69

15.4348

4.6129

27

14.8889

5.3804

27

15.8889

5.5493

54

15.3889

5.4372

61

15.8689

4.9715

62

14.9677

4.9686

123

15.4146

4.9703

16.6471

4.5519
4.4215

) (2

)(Two-Way ANOVA

) (3 .
)(3

0.121

0.121

0.005

0.944

14.629

14.629

0.600

0.440

87.019

87.019

3.569

0.061

2901.784

119

24.385

32240.000

123

577

...

) (3 ) ( =0.05
.
.
-7
.
-8 .
-9
.
-10

.
-11 .
) (
)
(.
-12 ).(SPSS

. ) : ( .
.

578

-26 2010-

.

.

.
) (Two-Way ANOVA )(=0.05
) ( )
( .

) (=0.05
.
:


)(4
.
)(4

.1

34

17.7941

6.4328

35

20.6857

3.2063

69

19.2609

5.2290

27

16.3333

6.5222

27

19.7778

4.3970

54

18.0556

5.7770

61

17.1475

6.4597

62

20.2903

3.7652

123

18.7317

5.4863

579

...

) (4

) (Two-Way ANOVA
) (5 .
)(5




42.488

42.488

1.521

.220

304.000

304.000

10.884

.001

2.314

2.314

.083

.774

3323.768

119

27.931

46830.000

123

" : )( = 0.05


".
" : )( =0.05


".

) (5
) ( = 0.05

580

-26 2010-

) (4 ) (20.2903
) (17.1475
.
:

" : )( =0.05


".
" : )( =0.05


".
) (5
) ( =0.05

.
:

" : )( =0.05


".
" : )( =0.05


".

581

...

) (5
) ( =0.05

.



.

.



.
:
) (5

582

-26 2010-

.1



.
.2

.3

.
.4


.
.5

583

...

.6

.

.
) Novak, et al, 1983
(Strum, and Rankin_Pankratius, ; Erickson, 20021990
.

) (2004


.
:
) (Two-Way ANOVA


:
. .
. - .

584

-26 2010-

) (1990

. ) (1999
.
:
) (Two-Way ANOVA



.


.

:
:
.1
.
.2 ..
.3
.

.4
.

585

...


.(1990) .
.


.(1970) . . 2 : .
.(1993) .
. : .

.(2001) .
. 1 : .

.(1999) .

.(1990) .
.
.

.(2002) . .
9 : .

.(2003) .
. 1 : .

586

-26 2010-

.(2004) .
.
.

.(2003) .

.
.(2)30

.(1999) . . 1 :
.

.(1988) .
. 1 : .

.(1995) . .
.(19) 49 .

.(2004) .
. 1 : .

.(1993) . .1
: .

.(2003) .
.
. 1 :.

587

...

.(1991) .
.

.(1998) . . 2:
.

.33 .(1987) .
.

.(1989) . .37
.
.39 .(1990) .
.

.43-42 .(1992) .
.

.(1999) . 12 . : .
.
) .(1995 . 1 :
.

.(1997) . . 9 :
.

.(1991) . . :
.

588

2010- -26

: . .(1995) .
. : 1

. .(1987) .
. :

.(1991) .
. : 1 .
.(2000).
.
. . .

. : . .(2005) .

Ausubel, D. (1960). The Use of Advance Organizers in the Learning and


Retention of Meaningful Verbal Material. Journal Psychology, 51, 267
272.

Ausubel , D .(1968). Educational Psychology. A cognitive View. New


York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Lanzing, J.(1997). The Concept Mapping homepage. {on line. Vailable


HTTP: http:// users. edte. utwente. nl/lanzing/cm home.htm.

Martin, D. (1991). Concept Mapping as an Aid to lesson planning: A


longitudinal Study. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 6(2), 1130.

Novak, J. & Gowin, D. &


Johnson, G. (1983). The Use Of Concept Mapping And knowledge
Mapping with Junior High school. Science Education, 67(5), 625 645

Novak, J. and Gwin. D. (1989). Learning How to Learn. New York


Cambridge University.

589

...

Ormord, G. (1998). Educational Psychology, Upper Saddle River, New


Jersey Columbus, Obio. 2nd. Edition.

Pankratius, W. (1990). Building an Organized Knowledge base: Concept


Mapping and Achievement in Secondary School Physics. Journal of
Research in Science Teaching, 27 (4), 315- 333.

Strum, Janet M and Rankin- Erickson Joan.(2002).Effects of Hand- Drawn


and Computer-Generated Concept Mapping on the Expository Writingof
Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities, LearningDisabilities
Research & practice, 17(2), 124-139.

Wittrock.(2004).www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/s/j/sjm256/portfolio/kbas
.

e/Theories&Models/Cog

.2007/8/5

590

You might also like