Pathophysiology

Predisposing Factors:
Age (54 years old)
Immunosuppressed person
Systemic Infection

Precipitating Factors:
Occupation ( construction worker)
Lifestyle (history of smoking, food
handling and sanitation)
Economically- poor housing/Living in
crowded area, lack of access healthcare
Repeated close contact with infected
Recurrence of Infection

Inhalation or exposure of infected aerosol through

droplet.( exposure to the clients through cough,talking
and sneezing)

Tubercle bacilli invasion in the apices of the lungs or near the

pleurae of the lower lobes

Bronchopneumonia develops in the lung tissue and tubercle

bacilli are ingested by wandering macrophages.

Many of the bacilli survived before hypersensitivity and

immunity develops

Inflammatory response occurs, TB specific lymphocyte

produces T-lytic enzyme which lyses bacteria and alveolar
tissue

Material (bacteria & macrophage) become necrotic

- Productive cough
- Phlegm
- Crackles

Drainage of necrotic materials into the tracheobronchial tree

Primary Infection

Lesions heal over a period of time by forming scars and later

being calcified

Tubercle bacilli immunity develops (2 to 6 weeks after

infection) (maintains in the body as long as living bacilli
remains in the body)
.

With medical intervention:

No recurrence

- Early detection/
diagnosis of the disease
- Multi-antibacterial
therapy
- Fixed- dose therapy
TB DOTS (Direct
Observed Therapy)
BCG vaccination

Inhibits further growth of the bacilli and the development of

active infection (bacteria
becomes dormant)

Reinfection

Ractivatio of the tubercle bacili

Reccurence

Secondary Infection
Good prognosis

Bad
prognosis

Partial occlusion which

interferes w/ the diffusion of
O2 & CO2

Areas of the lungs are

inadequately ventilated

oxygen
carrying

hypoxia

- pallor
- weakness
- fatigue
- tachycardia
- chest pain
- tachypnea
-dizziness

dyspnea

Decrease immune system

Bacteria becomes resistant and survives.

Active infection develops

Ulceration of the lesions in the lungs.

Severe occurrence of lesions in the lungs leading to abscess

Hemoptysis

Accumulation of
pus in the chest
cavity (empyema)

Lung Consumption

Decrease alveolar tissue leading to decrease oxygen

DEATH

- chest pain
- fever and chills
- excessive sweating
- loss of appetite
- muscle wasting
- weight loss
- body malaise