11 - Pipe Sizing Data.75103307 PDF

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.
Pipe Sizing Criteria
Schedule 40 Steel
Design: 3'/100' PD , 10 fps max vel

Nominl Outside Wall
Inside
IBM-AES Piping Design Software
S-40 Steel
High: 5'/100' PD , 12 fps max velMaxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps max vel

Design
High
Maxim
Pipe Diameter
Thickness
DiameterP.D. perVelocity Flow P.D. perVelocity Flow P.D. perVelocity Flow
Size
(in)
0.38
0.675 0.091 0.493 3.0
0.9
0.5
5.0
1.7
7.0
2.5
1.5
0.50
0.840 0.109 0.622 3.0
1.6
1.5
5.0
2.1
7.0
2.6
2.5
0.75
1.050 0.113 0.824 3.0
2.1
3.5
5.0
2.7
4.5
7.0
3.3
5.5
1.00
1.315 0.133 1.049 3.0
2.4
6.5
5.0
3.2
8.5
7.0
3.7
10
1.25
1.660 0.140 1.380 3.0
2.6
12
5.0
3.7
17
7.0
4.5
21
1.50
1.900 0.145 1.610 3.0
3.2
20
5.0
4.3
27
7.0
5.1
32
2.00
2.375 0.154 2.067 3.0
3.8
40
5.0
4.8
50
7.0
5.7
60
2.50
2.875 0.203 2.469 3.0
4.3
65
5.0
5.7
85
7.0
6.5
97
3.00
3.500 0.216 3.068 3.0
4.8
110
5.0
6.3
145
7.0
7.6
175
3.50
4.000 0.226 3.548 3.0
5.3
160
5.0
7.0
200
7.0
8.5
250
4.00
4.500 0.237 4.026 3.0
5.8
230
5.0
7.6
300
7.0
8.8
350
5.00
5.563 0.258 5.047 3.0
6.4
400
5.0
8.3
520
7.0
10.3
640
6.00
6.625 0.280 6.065 3.0
7.7
690
5.0
10.0
900
7.0
12.2
1,100
8.00
8.625 0.322 7.891 3.0
9.0
1,400
5.0
12.0
1,900
7.0
14.1
2,200
10.00 10.75 0.365 10.02 2.7
10.0
2,500
3.8
12.0
3,000
5.8
15.0
3,700
12.00 12.75 0.406 11.94 2.1
10.0
3,500
3.0
12.0
4,200
4.6
15.0
5,200
14.00 14.00 0.437 13.13 1.9
10.0
4,200
2.7
12.0
5,100
4.1
15.0
6,300
16.00 16.00 0.500 15.00 1.7
10.0
5,500
2.3
12.0
6,600
3.6
15.0
8,300
18.00 18.00 0.562 16.88 1.5
10.0
7,000
2.0
12.0
8,400
3.0
15.0
10500
20.00 20.00 0.593 18.81 1.3
10.0
8,900
1.8
12.0
10400 2.6
15.0
13000
22.00 22.00 1.250 20.75 1.1
10.0
10500 1.6
12.0
12600 2.4
15.0
15700
24.00 24.00 1.360 22.64 1.0
10.0
12500 1.4
12.0
15000 2.2
15.0
18700
26.00 26.00 0.750 25.25 0.9
10.0
15500 1.3
12.0
18600 2.1
15.0
23300
28.00 28.00 0.750 27.25 0.8
10.0
18100 1.2
12.0
21700 2.0
15.0
27100
30.00 30.00 0.750 29.25 0.7
10.0
20800 1.1
12.0
25000 1.9
15.0
31300
32.00 32.00 0.750 31.25 0.6
10.0
23800 1.0
12.0
28500 1.8
15.0
35700
34.00 34.00 0.750 33.25 0.5
10.0
26900 0.9
12.0
32300 1.7
15.0
40400
36.00 36.00 0.750 35.25 0.4
10.0
30300 0.8
12.0
36300 1.6
15.0
45400
Schedule 40 Steel
(in)
(in)
100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)
S40-Crit
Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls
CLOSED SYSTEMS
D , 15 fps max vel
Design Criteria:
3 Frictional Pressure Drop per 100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec
Figure - 1
Friction Loss for CLOSED Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel
Schedule 40 Steel
S40-Crit
Source: Carrier Systems Design
OPEN SYSTEMS
Design Criteria:
Figure - 2
Friction Loss for OPEN Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel
Schedule 40 Steel
S40-Crit
COPPER
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.25
0.38
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Copper , Plastic
Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria
(ASPE Data Book)
Type K Copper
Type L Copper
Type M Copper
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in
Flow
Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
0.375
0.305
0.375
0.315
0.5
0.402
0.5
0.43
0.5
0.45
1.0
3
0.5
0.625
0.527
0.625
0.545
0.625
0.569
1.5
3
1
0.875
0.745
0.875
0.785
0.875
0.811
2.0
3
3
1.125
0.995
1.125
1.025
1.125
1.055
2.5
3
7
1.375
1.245
1.375
1.265
1.375
1.291
3.0
3
12
1.625
1.481
1.625
1.505
1.625
1.527
3.5
3
17
2.125
1.959
2.125
1.985
2.125
2.009
4.0
3
35
2.625
2.435
2.625
2.465
2.625
2.495
4.5
3
70
3.125
2.907
3.125
2.945
3.125
2.981
5.0
3
110
3.625
3.385
3.625
3.425
3.625
3.459
5.5
3
160
4.125
3.857
4.125
3.905
4.125
3.935
6.0
2.5
225
5.125
4.805
5.125
4.875
5.125
4.907
6.5
2.5
380
6.125
5.741
6.125
5.845
6.125
5.881
7.0
2.2
575
8.125
7.583
8.125
7.725
8.125
7.785
7.5
1.9
1105
10.125 9.449 10.125 9.625 10.125 9.701
8.0
1.5
1835
12.125 11.315 12.125 11.565 12.125 11.617
8.5
1
2800
PLASTIC
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria
(ASPE Data Book)
Schedule 40 PVC Schedule 40 CPVCPolyethylene (75 psi)

Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in
Flow
Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
0.840
0.622
0.840
0.622
0.782
0.622
1.050
0.824
1.050
0.824
0.824
1.000
1.315
1.049
1.315
1.049
1.300
1.050
1.660
1.380
1.660
1.380
1.710
1.380
1.900
1.610
1.990
1.610
2.000
1.610
2.375
2.067
2.375
2.067
2.567
2.067
2.875
2.469
2.875
2.469
3.500
3.068
3.500
3.068
3.670
3.068
4.500
4.026
4.500
4.026
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938
6.625
6.065
Cu-PVC
4.820
4.026
Copper , Plastic
Design Criteria:
Figure - 3
Friction Loss for Copper Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M
Cu-PVC
Pipe Sizing Criteria:
S-80 Steel
Schedule 80 Steel
Schedule 80 Steel
S-80 Steel
Outside Wall
XS Steel
Outside Wall
Pipe Size Veloc
Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow
Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow
(ins)
(fps)
(ins)
(ins)
(ins)
(gpm)
(ins)
(ins)
(ins)
(gpm)
0.375
1.0
0.675
0.126
0.423
0.5
0.675
0.126
0.423
0.5
0.500
1.5
0.840
0.147
0.546
0.840
0.147
0.546
0.750
2.0
1.050
0.154
0.742
2.5
1.050
0.154
0.742
2.5
1.000
2.5
1.315
0.179
0.957
5.5
1.315
0.179
0.957
5.5
1.250
3.0
1.660
0.191
1.278
12
1.660
0.191
1.278
12
1.500
3.5
1.900
0.200
1.500
20
1.900
0.200
1.500
20
2.000
4.0
2.375
0.218
1.939
35
2.375
0.218
1.939
35
2.500
4.5
2.875
0.276
2.323
60
2.875
0.276
2.323
60
3.000
5.0
3.500
0.300
2.900
100
3.500
0.300
2.900
100
3.500
5.5
4.000
0.318
3.364
150
4.000
0.318
3.364
150
4.000
6.0
4.500
0.337
3.826
215
4.500
0.337
3.826
215
5.000
6.5
5.563
0.375
4.813
365
5.563
0.375
4.813
365
6.000
7.5
6.625
0.432
5.761
600
6.625
0.432
5.761
600
8.000
9.0
8.625
0.500
7.625
1,275
8.625
0.500
7.625
1,275
10.000
10.0
10.750
0.593
9.562
2,230
10.750
1.000
9.750
2,320
12.000
10.0
12.750
0.687
11.374
3,150
12.750
1.000
11.750
3,370
14.000
10.0
14.000
0.750
12.500
3,810
14.000
1.000
13.000
4,120
16.000
10.0
16.000
0.843
14.312
4,995
16.000
1.000
15.000
5,490
18.000
10.0
18.000
0.937
16.124
6,340
18.000
1.000
17.000
7,050
20.000
10.0
20.000
1.031
17.938
7,850
20.000
1.000
19.000
8,800
22.000
10.0
22.000
2.250
19.750
9,510
22.000
1.000
21.000
10,750
24.000
10.0
24.000
2.438
21.562
11,340
24.000
1.000
23.000
12,900
26.000
10.0
26.000
1.000
25.000
15,240
28.000
10.0
28.000
1.000
27.000
17,780
30.000
10.0
30.000
1.000
29.000
20,510
32.000
10.0
32.000
1.000
31.000
23,440
34.000
10.0
34.000
1.000
33.000
26,560
36.000
10.0
36.000
1.000
35.000
29,880
S80-XS
Maxim
Extra Strong Steel
Nominal Maxim
Sch 80 , XS Steel
Inside
Inside
Maxim
CAST IRON
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
36
42
48
Physical Data
Iron , Aluminum , Brass
Hydraulic Handbook
Colt Industries
125 PSI Cast Iron

Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
3.96
3.06
5.00
4.04
175 PSI Cast Iron

Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
3.96
3.00
5.00
3.96
250 PSI Cast Iron

Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside

Velocity Loss in
Flow
Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
3.1
4.5
100
2.8
5.1
200
7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06
6.08
8.18
10.16
12.14
14.17
16.20
18.18
20.22
7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06
6.00
8.10
10.04
12.00
14.01
16.02
18.00
20.00
7.22
9.42
11.60
13.78
15.98
18.16
20.34
22.54
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.5
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.2
6.8
7.7
9.0
9.7
9.4
9.6
10.0
9.2
600
1,200
2,200
3,400
4,500
6,000
8,000
9,000
26.32
32.40
38.70
45.10
51.40
24.22
30.00
35.98
42.02
47.98
26.32
32.74
39.16
45.58
51.98
24.00
30.00
36.00
42.02
48.06
26.90
33.46
40.04
24.00
30.00
36.00
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.5
10.0
10.0
9.5
9.3
9.8
14,000
22,000
30,000
40,000
55,000
ALUMINUM , BRASS
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.38
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Handbook for Mechanical Engineers : Baumeister & Marks
Aluminum Schedule 40
Diameter (ins) Thickness
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.493
0.091
0.840
0.622
0.109
1.050
0.824
0.133
1.315
1.049
0.133
1.660
1.380
0.140
1.900
1.610
0.145
2.375
2.067
0.154
2.875
2.469
0.203
3.500
3.068
0.216
4.000
3.548
0.226
4.500
4.026
0.237
5.563
5.047
0.258
6.625
6.065
0.280
8.625
7.981
0.322
10.750 10.020 0.365
12.750 12.000 0.375
Aluminum Schedule 80
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.423
0.126
0.840
0.546
0.147
1.050
0.742
0.154
1.315
0.957
0.179
1.660
1.278
0.191
1.900
1.500
0.200
2.375
1.939
0.218
2.875
2.325
0.276
3.500
2.900
0.300
4.000
3.364
0.318
4.500
3.826
0.337
5.563
4.813
0.375
6.625
5.761
0.432
8.625
7.625
0.500
10.750 9.750
0.500
12.750 11.750 0.500
Fe-Al-Br
Brass (85% Cu, 15% Zn)

Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.494
0.092
0.840
0.625
0.108
1.050
0.822
0.114
1.315
1.062
0.127
1.660
1.368
0.146
1.900
1.600
0.150
2.375
2.062
0.157
2.875
2.500
0.188
3.500
3.062
0.219
4.000
3.500
0.250
4.500
4.000
0.250
5.563
5.062
0.251
6.625
6.125
0.250
8.625
8.000
0.313
10.750 10.019 0.363
12.750 12.000 0.375
PIPE DESIGN BASED ON HAZEN WILLIAMS FORMULA

Source: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62
( f = 0.2083 x (100/C)^1.85 x Q^1.85/D^4.8635 )
Values of C
High (smooth, clean)
Average
Design (old)
Pipe Material
Low (old, corroded)
Copper, Brass, Tin, Lead, Glass
155 to 120
140
130
Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Steel (seamless)
150 to 80
130
100
C= 155 represents new, clean smooth surfaces C = 80 represents old, corroded, rough surfaces
Sizing Criteria: 3 PD per 100 Pipe Length
Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data,
Old Pipes:
1926-62C =
Pipe
Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Cast Iron
Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80
Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.1
2.1
2.5
1.5
2.9
5
1.9
3.2
10
2.2
3.1
14
2.2
2.7
28
2.7
2.9
45
3.0
2.9
75
3.5
2.9
80
3.5
3.0
110
3.7
2.8
120
4.0
3.1
160
4.1
2.9
170
4.3
3.2
280
4.6
2.8
300
4.8
3.0
450
5.1
2.8
500
5.6
3.2
1000 6.4
3.0
1000 6.4
3.0
1800 7.4
3.0
1800 7.3
3.0
3000 8.5
3.2
3000 8.5
3.2
Steel : XS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.4
4.0
2
1.5
3.2
4
1.8
3.3
8
2.0
3.0
12
2.2
2.9
24
2.6
3.0
40
3.0
3.2
70
3.4
3.0
100
3.6
2.9
140
3.9
2.9
260
4.6
2.9
400
4.9
2.7
900
6.3
3.1
1700 7.3
3.0
2800 8.3
3.1
Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data,
Old Pipes:
1926-62C =
Pipe
Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
Cast Iron
Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80
Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.5
2.9
1
1.4
2.5
3
2.2
4.1
3
2.0
3.2
6
2.5
3.6
6
2.3
3.1
10
2.6
3.1
10
2.5
2.9
15
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
30
3.2
2.6
30
3.1
2.5
60
4.1
3.3
60
4.0
3.1
90
4.3
3.0
90
4.2
2.8
140
5.0
3.2
140
4.9
2.9
190
5.2
3.0
190
5.1
2.8
350
6.2
3.2
350
6.0
3.0
550
6.8
3.1
550
6.6
2.8
1100 7.8
2.8
1200 8.2
3.0
Hazen-Williams Sizing
Haz-Will
Steel : XS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.3
2.0
3
1.9
2.7
6
2.2
2.7
10
2.4
2.6
15
2.6
2.4
35
3.5
3.1
60
3.9
2.9
100
4.6
3.2
140
4.8
2.9
200
5.3
2.9
350
5.9
2.8
600
7.1
3.2
1200 8.1
2.9
100
Steel: XXS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
2
4
6
12
20
40
60
90
160
280
700
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.0
4.8
6.0
11.7
4.7
3.6
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.2
2.8
3.1
3.2
130
Steel: XXS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1.5
1.6
2.7
3
1.8
2.6
6
2.2
2.6
12
2.6
2.7
20
3.2
3.3
35
3.4
2.7
60
3.9
2.9
100
4.4
2.8
150
5.0
3.1
200
5.1
2.7
400
6.4
3.1
650
7.1
3.0
1300 8.3
3.0
Dynamic Pressure Losses through Fittings

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP
FITTING IDENTIFICATION
ColRo
Description
w
A8
90 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed
Pipe Fittings Data
L/D Factors
Name
K Factors
Water Glycol Brine Diesel Petrol Steam
Gas
Coeff C
Expon E
EL90-RG-SC
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
1.5
-0.6092
A9
90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Screwed EL90-LR-SC
25
29
34
25
20
15
20
0.75
-0.8787
A10
90 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged
EL90-RG-Fl
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
0.45
-0.253
A11
90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Flanged EL90-LR-FL
25
29
34
25
20
15
20
0.4
-0.463
A12
45 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed
EL45-RG-SC
25
29
34
25
20
20
25
0.35
-0.1365
A13
45 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged
El45-RG-FL
15
18
20
15
12
15
20
0.22
-0.1414
A14
Return U-Bend: Regular Screwed
BEND-RG-SC
90
105
123
90
72
70
75
1.35
-0.5
A15
Return U-Bend: Regular Flanged
BEND-RG-FL
90
105
123
90
72
70
75
0.425
-0.255
A16
Return U-Bend: Long Radius
BEND-LR-SC
50
59
68
50
40
45
45
0.426
-0.5182
A17
Tee: Line Flow Screwed
TEE-LF-SC
20
24
27
20
16
20
25
0.9
A18
Tee: Branch Flow Screwed
TEE-BF-SC
65
76
89
65
52
65
70
1.85
-0.3747
A19
Tee: Line Flow Flanged
TEE-LF-FL
20
24
27
20
16
20
25
0.265
-0.4695
A20
Tee: Branch Flow Flanged
TEE-BF-FL
65
76
89
65
52
65
70
-0.2851
A21
Strainer: Basket
STRAINER
90
105
123
90
72
70
75
2.4
-0.5609
A22
Union / Coupling
UNION
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
0.083
-0.6644
A23
Inlet: Bell-Mouthed
INLET-BM
20
24
27
20
16
20
25
0.05
A24
Inlet: Square-Edged
INLET-SE
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
0.5
A25
Outlet: All Types
OUTLET
65
76
89
65
52
65
70
Fittings
Dynamic Pressure Losses through Valves

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP
ColRo
w A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A24
A25
A26
A27
A28
A29
A30
Valve Fittings Data
FITTING IDENTIFICATION
Name
Description
Water
Angle : Screwed
ANGLE-SC
175
Angle : Flanged
ANGLE-FL
175
Balancing
BALANCING 350
Ball
BALL
10
Butterfly
BUTTERFLY 50
Check Swing : Screwed
CHECK-SC
150
Check Swing : Flanged
CHECK-FL
150
Gate : Screwed
GATE-SC
10
Gate : Flanged
GATE-FL
10
Gate : Electric Motor
GATE-EM
10
Gate : Pneumatic Motor
GATE-PM
10
Globe : Screwed
GLOBE-SC
350
Globe : Flanged
GLOBE-FL
350
Globe : Electric Motor
GLOBE-EM 350
Globe : Pneumatic Motor
GLOBE-PM 350
Lock Shield
LOCK-SHIELD 10
Plug Cock
PLUG-COCK 150
Pressure Reducing
PRV
10
Quick Open
QUICKOPEN 350
Pressure Regulator
PR-REG
10
Relief / Safety
RELIEF
0
Solenoid
SOLENOID
350
Foot Valve
FOOT
50
Glycol
205
205
410
12
59
176
176
12
12
12
12
410
410
410
410
12
176
12
410
12
0
410
59
Valves
Brine
238
238
477
14
68
204
204
14
14
14
14
477
477
477
477
14
204
14
477
14
0
477
68
L/D Factors
Diesel GasolineSteam Gas
175
140
150
200
175
140
150
200
350
280
30
350
10
8
10
10
50
40
0
0
150
120
75
100
150
120
75
100
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
350
280
300
350
350
280
300
350
350
280
300
350
350
280
300
350
10
8
10
10
150
120
130
150
10
8
10
10
350
280
300
350
10
8
10
10
0
0
0
0
350
280
300
350
50
40
0
0
K Factors
Coeff C Expon E
4.5
4.5
4.25
4.25
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
3.5
3.5
2
2
0.24
0.24
1
1
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
0
0
12.5
12.5
0.8
0.8
Skidmore, Owings Merrill
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Liquid
Water
Glycol
Brine
Diesel
Petrol
Temperature
-30
0
30
60
100
150
210
Density (lb/cu ft)
62.42
62.37
62.00
61.20
59.81
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.96
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
0.00
12.17
7.39
4.76
3.20
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
Density (lb/cu ft)
67.98
67.55
67.11
66.55
65.74
64.68
63.12
1.09
1.08
1.08
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.01
595.00
190.00
85.40
48.60
22.60
12.50
6.40
0.70
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.81
0.85
0.88
Density (lb/cu ft)
78.59
78.21
77.71
77.21
76.09
1.26
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.22
171.70
77.50
34.70
21.80
8.90
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.71
Density (lb/cu ft)
59.20
57.40
56.10
54.90
53.00
51.10
0.95
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.85
0.82
376.70
161.50
80.70
48.30
29.10
7.50
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
Density (lb/cu ft)
46.10
45.50
44.90
44.70
44.30
42.40
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.68
11.00
9.80
8.80
7.00
5.50
3.00
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
Properties
PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT WATER
Increase in Frictional Pressure Loss due to Pipe Age

Hydraulic Handbook by Colt Industries
Multipliers
Temp
Satur.
Density Specific
Kinem
Sp. Heat
deg F
Press
lb/cu ft Gravity = Viscos Btu/lb oF
Pipe Age
Small
Medium
Large
psig
sq
ft/sec
Years
1
3
4
to
12
14
- 48
Density/62.4
212
0
59.81
3.2
1.0055
0
1
1
1
0.96
220
2.5
59.63
3
1.0068
5
1.4
1.35
1.3
0.96
240
10.3
59.1
2.7
1.0104
10
2.2
1.9
1.6
0.95
260
20.7
58.51
2.5
1.0148
15
3.6
2.7
1.8
0.94
280
34.5
57.94
2.3
1.02
20
5
3.5
2
0.93
300
52.3
57.31
2.1
1.26
25
6.3
4.2
2.1
0.92
350
119.9
55.59
1.9
1.044
30
7.25
4.73
2.2
0.89
400
232.6
53.65
1.7
1.067
35
8.1
5.2
2.3
0.86
0.83
450
407.9
51.55
1.5
1.095
40
8.75
5.58
2.4
45
9.25
5.93
2.6
50
9.6
6.23
2.86
STANDARD MOTOR SIZES
60
10
7
3
1
50
Fluid Properties
2
60
3
75
5
100
7.5
125
10
150
Fluids
15
200
20
250
25
300
30
400
40
500
STEAM PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND PIPE SIZING DESIGN CRITERIA

Pressure Classifications
Vacuum: Less than 0 psig

Low: 0 to 15 psig
Medium: 15 to 30 psig
High: 30 to 150 psig
High: 150 to 250 psig
Pressure
Class
Initial Steam
Press (psig)
Low
Low
Medium
High
High
High
3.5
12
30
50
100
150
Sizing Criteria
(psi/100ft)
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
2
2
Maxim System
PD (psig)
1
3.5
7.5
10
20
25
Maxim Veloc
(ft/min)
4,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
10,000
LOW PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Pipe
Size
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
1/16
0.063
9
17
36
56
108
174
318
462
640
1200
1920
3900
7200
######
Steam and Condensate
Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 3.5 psig

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe
1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
14
20
29
36
42
26
37
54
68
81
53
78
111
140
162
84
120
174
218
246
162
234
336
420
480
258
378
540
680
780
465
660
960
1190
1380
670
990
1410
1740
2000
950
1410
1980
2450
2880
1680
2440
3570
4380
5100
2820
3960
5700
7000
8400
5570
8100 ###### ###### ######
###### ###### ###### ###### ######
###### ###### ###### ###### ######
2
1/16
2.0
0.063
60
11
114
21
232
45
360
70
710
134
1150
215
1950
380
2950
550
4200
800
7500
1430
###### 2300
###### 4800
###### 8800
###### ######
Steam-Condns
Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 12 psig

1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
16
24
35
43
50
31
46
66
82
95
66
96
138
170
200
100
147
210
260
304
194
285
410
510
590
310
460
660
820
950
550
810
1160
1430
1670
800
1218
1700
2100
2420
1160
1690
2400
3000
3460
2100
3000
4250
5250
6100
3350
4850
5700
8600 ######
7000 ###### ###### ###### ######
###### ###### ###### ###### ######
###### ###### ###### ###### ######
2
2.0
73
137
280
430
850
1370
2400
3450
4900
8600
######
######
######
######
MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Pipe
Size
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
2
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
7
10
14
17
19
28
16
22
32
39
45
64
32
45
64
79
91
129
70
99
142
174
202
283
110
156
220
270
312
440
223
316
446
546
630
892
368
520
735
900 1,040 1,472
675
953 1,340 1,652 1,905 2,690
990 1,405 2,010 2,470 2,850 4,020
1,420 2,020 2,850 3,490 4,025 5,700
2,625 3,720 5,260 6,450 7,450 10,550
4,315 6,100 8,650 10,600 12,200 17,300
9,000 12,700 18,000 22,000 25,420 36,000
16,400 23,200 33,300 40,250 46,500 65,750
26,350 37,250 52,500 64,500 74,500 105500
Pipe
Size
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
2
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
8
12
17
21
25
35
20
28
40
49
57
81
40
57
81
100
115
163
89
127
179
219
253
358
139
197
279
342
395
558
282
282
565
691
800 1,130
465
660
930 1,140 1,318 1,860
853 1,205 1,690 2,090 2,410 3,410
1,275 1,800 2,550 3,120 3,605 5,090
1,800 2,550 3,610 4,462 5,100 7,220
3,320 4,710 6,660 8,150 9,440 13,300
5,475 7,725 10.95 13,420 15,450 21,900
11,360 16,100 22,800 27,900 32,200 45,550
20,800 29,400 41,500 51,000 58,900 83,250
33,300 47,100 66,700 81,750 94,500 133200
HIGH PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Pipe
Size
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1/2
3/4
1
2
5
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
5.0
21
26
30
43
68
50
61
70
99
160
100
120
140
200
320
220
270
310
440
690
340
420
480
680
1,080
690
850
980
1,390 2,190
1,140 1,400 1,620 2,280 3,610
2,090 2,560 2,960 4,180 6,610
3,120 3,830 4,420 6,250 9,870
4,420 5,420 6,260 8,840 13,960
8,170 10,020 11,580 16,350 25,840
13,420 16,450 19,020 26,840 42,410
27,930 34,250 39,580 55,870 88,280
50,970 62,500 72,230 ###### ######
81,810 ###### ###### ###### ######
Pipe
Size
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Pipe Slope (in. / 10 ft)

Pressure Drop (psi / 100 ft)
Steam-Condns
0.5
0.18

1/2
3/4
1
2
5
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
5.0
23
29
33
47
75
54
66
77
109
172
109
134
155
220
347
241
296
341
483
764
375
460
532
751
1,185
760
930
1,075 1,520 2,410
1,250 1,535 1,775 2,550 3,960
2,280 2,815 3,245 4,590 7,260
3,430 4,200 4,850 6,850 10,880
4,840 5,930 6,850 9,700 15,350
8,950 11,000 12,700 17,950 28,400
14,710 18,070 20,800 29,500 46,500
30,650 37,550 43,400 61,400 97,100
56,000 68,500 79,100 ###### ######
89,900 ###### ###### ###### ######
1
0.361
1.5
0.54
2
0.722
3
1.084
4
1.44
5
1.805
Pressure Drop (psi/100) sizing criteria for open gravity (sloped pipe) condensate return
CONDENSATE FLOW RATE (lbs/hr)
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Supply Steam at 5 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet)
1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
240
520
1100
510
1120
2400
1000
2150
4540
2100
4500
9500
3170
6780 14,200
6240 13,300 a
10,000 21,300 a
18,000 28,000 a
37,200 78,000 a
110,500 a
a
228,600 a
a
1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
42
92
200
91
200
420
180
380
800
370
800
1680
560
1200
2520
1110
2350 a
1780
3780 a
3190
6730 a
6660 13,800 a
19,600 a
a
40,500 a
a
Condensate Return Pressure = 0 psig
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
CONDENSATE FLOW RATE (lbs/hr)
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0

1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
56
120
260
120
260
560
240
500
1060
500
1060
2200
750
1600
3,320
1470
3,100
6450
2,370
5,000 10,300
4,230
8,860 a
8,730 18,200 a
25,900 53,600 a
3,400 110,300 a

1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
95
210
450
210
450
950
400
860
1820
840
1800
3800
1270
2720
5700
2500
5320 a
4030
8520 a
7200 15,200 a
14,900 31,300 a
44,300 a
a
91,700 a
a
1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
28
62
133
62
134
290
120
260
544
250
540
1130
380
810
1700
750
1590 a
1200
2550 a
2160
4550 a
4460
9340 a
13,200 a
a
27,400 a
a

1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
60
130
274
130
280
590
250
530
1120
520
1110
2350
780
1670
3510
1540
3270 a
2480
5250 a
4440
9360 a
9180 19,200 a
27,300 a
a
56,400 a
a
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0

1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
23
51
109
50
110
230
100
210
450
200
440
930
310
660
1400
610
1300 a
980
2100 a
1760
3710 a
3640
7630 a
10,800 a
a
22,400 a
a
Condensate Return Pressure = 15 psig
Pipe
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0

1/16
1/4
1
0.063
0.25
1.0
43
93
200
93
200
420
180
390
800
380
800
1680
570
1210
2500
1120
2350
4900
1800
3780
7800
3200
6,710 a
6,620 13,800 a
19,600 40,600 a
40,500 83,600 a
Steam-Condns
PROPERTIES OF STEAM
Press
psig
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Temp
deg F
212
215.5
218.7
221.7
224.5
227.3
229.9
232.4
234.9
237.2
239.5
241.7
243.8
245.9
247.9
249.8
251.7
253.6
255.4
257.1
258.8
260.5
262.2
263.8
265.4
266.9
274.1
280.7
286.8
292.4
297.7
302.7
307.3
Volume Enthalpy btu/lb

cuft
Liquid Latent
26.8
180.1
970.3
25.13
183.6
968.1
23.72
186.8
966
22.47
189.8
964.1
21.35
192.7
962.3
20.34
195.5
960.5
19.42
198.2
958.8
18.58
200.7
957.2
17.81
203.2
955.6
17.11
205.6
954.1
16.46
207.9
952.5
15.86
210.1
951.1
15.31
212.2
949.7
14.79
214.3
948.3
14.31
216.4
946.9
13.86
218.3
945.6
13.43
220.3
944.3
13.03
222.2
943
12.66
224
941.8
12.31
225.7
940.6
11.98
227.5
939.5
11.67
229.2
938.3
11.37
230.9
937.2
11.08
232.5
936.1
10.82
234.1
935
10.56
235.6
934
9.45
243
928.9
8.56
249.8
924.2
7.83
256
919.8
7.2
261.8
915.7
6.68
267.2
911.8
6.23
272.4
908.1
5.83
277.2
904.6
Steam-Condns
Press
psig
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
210
220
230
240
250
Temp
deg F
311.8
316.4
320.1
323.9
327.6
331.2
334.6
337.9
341.1
344.2
347.2
350.1
352.9
355.6
358.3
360.9
363.4
365.9
368.3
370.6
372.9
375.2
377.4
379.5
381.6
383.7
385.8
387.8
391.7
395.5
399.1
402.7
406.1
Volume Enthalpy btu/lb

cuft
Liquid Latent
5.49
281.8
901.3
5.18
286.2
898
4.91
290.4
894.8
4.66
294.4
891.9
4.44
298.2
899
4.24
301.9
886.1
4.06
305.5
883.3
3.89
308.9
880.7
3.74
312.3
878.1
3.59
315.5
875.5
3.46
318.7
873
3.34
321.7
870.7
3.23
324.7
868.3
3.12
327.6
865.9
3.02
330.4
863.7
2.93
333.1
861.5
2.84
335.8
859.3
2.76
338.4
857.2
2.68
340.9
855
2.61
343.4
853
2.54
345.9
850.9
2.47
348.3
848.9
2.41
350.7
846.9
2.35
353
845
2.3
355.2
843.1
2.24
357.4
841.2
2.19
359.6
839.2
2.13
361.9
837.4
2.04
366
833.8
1.95
370.1
830.3
1.88
374.1
826.8
1.81
377.8
823.4
1.74
381.6
820.1
Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP
Example:
6800 lbs per hour of steam flow in a 2 inch pipe at 100 psig pressure.
What is the pressure (psi) drop per 100 ft length of pipe and the flow velocity?
Answer: psi/100 = 11 velocity = 32,000 fpm
Figure - 17
ASHRAE
Steam Flow Rates at Various Pressures and Velocities for Schedule 40 Pipe
Steam Pipe Sizing Charts
Steam-Charts
Source:
Figure 18
Steam flow at 30 psig

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
0.75 psi per 100 ft pipe
Max Vel = 6,000 fpm
Figure 19

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
Max Vel = 8,000 fpm
Steam-Charts
Figure 20

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
Max Vel = 10,000 fpm
Figure 21

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
Max Vel = 10,000 fpm
Steam-Charts
Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP
Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Tables and Charts

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40
Downstream Pressure
D-Press
Pipe Dimension (in)
(psig)
1/2"
3/4"
1 1/4
1 1/2
9.5
355
745
1,400
2,880
4,310
515
1,080
2,030
4,160
6,240 12,020 19,150 33,860 69,060 ######
8.5
350
730
1,370
2,815
4,210
8.1
475
995
1,875
3,850
5,770 11,100 17,700 31,300 63,840 ######
7.6
300
630
1,190
2,440
3,650
7.2
440
910
1,720
3,530
5,290 10,190 16,240 28,710 58,560 ######
6.6
290
615
1,160
2,380
3,565
6,865 10,940 19,345 39,460 71,390
6.3
395
830
1,560
3,210
4,810
9,260 14,760 26,090 53,210 96,260
5.7
245
515
970
1,990
2,990
5,730
5.4
355
745
1,400
2,880
4,310
8,310 13,245 23,415 47,760 86,400
4.7
240
500
940
1,935
2,900
5,580
4.5
315
660
1,240
2,540
3,810
7,340 11,695 20,680 42,170 76,300
2 1/2
8,120 12,940 22,880 46,600 84,420

7,040 11,215 19,830 40,440 76,170
inlet upstream pressure is more than 5 psig (35 kPa)
fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%
9,140 16,160 32,950 59,620

8,895 15,730 32,080 58,030
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf.
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH 1 MBH
1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
LP Natural Gas
8,305 13,240 23,400 47,730 86,350
In general it is common to set
Natural-Gas
Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

Capacity of Pipe (MBH CFH)
Pipe Size (in)
Nominal Inside dia
Pipe Length (ft)

10
20
40
80
150
300
1/2"
0.622
120
85
60
42
31
22
3/4"
0.824
272
192
136
96
70
50
1.049
547
387
273
193
141
100
1 1/4
1.38
1,200
849
600
424
310
219
1 1/2
1.61
1,860
1,316
930
658
480
340
2.067
3,759
2,658
1,880
1,330
971
686
2 1/2
2.469
6,169
4,362
3,084
2,189
1,593
1,126
3.068 11,225 7,938
5,613
3,969
2,898
2,049
4.026 23,479 16,602 11,740 8,301
6,062
4,287
5.047 42,945 30,367 21,473 15,183 11,088 7,841
6.065 69,671 49,265 34,836 24,632 17,989 12,720
7.981 ###### ###### 70,916 50,145 36,621 25,895
pressure less than 1
1/2 psig
pressure drop 0.5 inches water column
specific gravity of natural gas 0.6
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs
common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length
energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
1 CFH = 1 MBH
in table above = pipe length + 50%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf
varies from about
900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
LP Natural Gas
Natural-Gas
Copper Tubing - type K
Copper Tubing - type L

Pipe Size (in)
Pipe Length (ft)
Pipe Size (in)
Nominal Outsid Dia Inside Dia
10
20
40
80
1/4"
3/8"
0.305
15
10
1/4"
3/8"
3/8"
1/2"
0.402
33
24
17
12
3/8"
1/2"
5/8"
0.527
74
52
37
26
5/8"
3/4"
0.652
138
97
69
3/4"
7/8"
0.745
203
143
1 1/8
0.995
469
1 1/4
1 3/8
1.245
894
Pipe Length (ft)

10
20
40
80
0.315
16
11
1/2"
0.43
41
29
20
14
1/2"
5/8"
0.545
81
58
41
29
49
5/8"
3/4"
0.666
146
103
73
52
101
72
3/4"
7/8"
0.785
236
167
118
84
332
235
166
1 1/8
1.025
511
362
256
181
632
447
316
1 1/4
1 3/8
1.265
936
662
468
331
pressure less than 1 1/2 psig

Nominal Outsid Dia Inside Dia
pressure less than 1 1/2 psig
One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour
One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour
LP Natural Gas
1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
1 lb = 0.4536 kg
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
1 in water = 248.8 N/m 2 (Pa) = 0.0361 lb/in 2 (psi) = 25.4 kg/m 2 = 0.0739 in mercury
1 psi (lb/in 2 ) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m 2 )
Natural-Gas
The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with the Spitzglass formula like
q = 3550 k ( h / l SG) 1/2
(1)
where
q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh)
h = pressure drop (in Water Column)
l = length of pipe (ft)
k = [d 5 /(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)] 1/2
d = inside diameter pipe (in)
SG = specific gravity
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf . In general it is common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH = 1 MBH
The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0 .
The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the
range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi.

Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity
The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual ID 0.622 in )
and 0.5 inches WC pressure drop can be calculated as

)5
k = [(0.622 in /(1 + 3.6 / (0.622 in) + 0.03 (0.622 in))]

q = 3550 0.117 ( (0.5 in) / (100 ft) 0.60 )
1/2
1/2 =
0.117
= 37.9 cfh
Specific gravity of natural gas is set to 0.60 .
LP Natural Gas
Natural-Gas
Skidmore, Owings + Merrill
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E
Fixture Data : Domestic Hot and Cold Water

Fixture Type
/ Description
Bathroom Group
Bathroom Group
Water Closet
Water Closet
Urinal
Urinal
Shower Head
Bathtub
Lavatory
Service Sink
Kitchen Sink
Restaurant Sink
Drinking Fountain
Dish Washer
Clothes Washer
Supply
Code
TANK
VALVE
TANK
VALVE
TANK
VALVE
TANK
TANK
TANK
TANK
TANK
TANK
TANK
TANK
TANK
Minim Fixture Private Use : Fixture Units Public Use : Fixture Units Minim Conn. Size
PSIG
GPM
Cold
Hot
Total
Cold
Hot
Total
Cold
Hot
8
0
4.5
3
6
4.5
3
6
0.50
0.50
8
0
6
3
8
4.5
3
6
1.00
0.50
8
0
3
0
3
5
0
5
0.38
0.00
15
0
6
0
6
10
0
10
1.00
0.00
8
0
3
0
3
3
0
3
0.38
0.00
8
0
4
0
4
5
0
5
1.00
0.00
8
3
2
2
3
4
4
5
0.50
0.50
8
4
7.5
7.5
10
7.5
7.5
10
0.50
0.50
8
2
1
1
1.5
2
2
3
0.38
0.38
8
3
2
2
3
4
4
5
0.50
0.75
8
3
2
2
3
4
4
5
0.50
0.50
8
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
0.50
0.50
8
2
1
0
1
2
0
2
0.38
0.00
8
3
2
2
3
3
3
4
0.38
0.38
8
4
2
2
3
3
3
4
0.50
0.50
Conversion Table : Fixture Units to GPM

Flow
GPM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Plumbing Fixture Units
Fixture Units
Tank
Valve
0
1
3
4
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
16
18
20
21
23
24
26
28
30
32
34
5
36
6
39
7
42
8
44
9
46
10
49
11
51
12
54
13
56
14
58
15
60
16
Flow
GPM
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
(from ASPE Data Book)
Fixture Units
Tank Valve
63
18
66
20
69
21
74
23
78
25
83
26
86
28
90
30
95
31
99
33
103
35
107
37
111
39
115
42
119
44
123
46
127
48
130
50
135
52
141
54
146
57
151
60
155
63
160
66
165
69
170
73
175
76
185
82
195
88
205
95
215
102
225
108
236
116
Flow
Gpm
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
200
FixtUnits
Fixture Units
Tank Valve
245
124
254
132
264
140
275
148
284
158
294
168
305
176
315
186
326
195
337
205
348
214
359
223
370
234
380
245
406
270
431
295
455
329
479
365
506
396
533
430
559
460
585
490
611
521
638
559
665
596
692
631
719
666
748
700
778
739
809
775
840
811
874
850
945
931
Flow
GPM
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
Fixture Units
Tank Valve
1018
1009
1091
1091
1173
1173
1254
1254
1335
1335
1418
1418
1500
1500
1583
1583
1668
1668
1755
1755
1845
1845
1926
1926
2018
2018
2110
2110
2204
2204
2298
2298
2388
2388
2480
2480
2575
2575
2670
2670
2765
2765
2862
2862
2960
2960
3060
3060
3150
3150
3620
3620
4070
4070
4480
4480
5380
5380
6280
6280
7280
7280
8300
8300
Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks
Plumbing Sanitary Drainage
Building Drains and Sewers
Pipe Any Horiz One StackMore than 3 Br Intervals
Pipe
Max Fixture Units that may be Connected
Diam
Fixture 3 Br Interv Total for Total at One
Diam
Slope per Foot
(ins)
Branch
or Less
Stack
Br. Interval
(ins) 1/16 inch 1/8 inch
1.5
2.0
10
24
2.5
12
20
42
3.0
20
48
4.0
160
5.0
1/4 inch
1/2 inch
2.0
21
26
2.5
24
31
72
20
3.0
42
50
240
500
90
4.0
180
216
250
360
540
1100
200
5.0
390
480
575
6.0
620
960
1900
350
6.0
700
840
1000
8.0
1400
2200
3600
600
8.0
1400
1600
1920
2300
10.0
2500
3800
5600
1000
10.0
2500
2900
3500
4200
12.0
3900
6000
8400
1500
12.0
2900
4600
5600
6700
15.0
7000
15.0
7000
8300
10000
12000
Sanitary
Horizontal Vent Sizing Table

Horizontal Branch
Diam Slope 1.25
(in/ft)
1.25 #####
0.25
0.50
1.5 #####
0.25
0.50
2
#####
0.25 290
0.50 150
2.5 ##### 180
0.25
96
0.50
49
3
#####
0.25
0.50
4
#####
0.25
0.50
5
#####
0.25
0.50
6
#####
0.25
0.50
8
#####
0.25
0.50
10 #####
0.25
0.50
12 #####
0.25
0.50
15 #####
0.25
0.50
Plumbing Sanitary Vents
1.5
380
450
240
130
190
97
50
(BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Diameter of Vent (inches)
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
8
Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)
420
220
190
98
48
310
160
190
97
46
410
490
250
130
190
97
46
Vents
250
130
190
91
38
310
150
190
85
32
410
500
240
110
180
79
26
10
12
420
200
Vertical Vent Sizing Table

Stack Total
Diam FUs to
(ins) Stack
1.25 2
1.5
8
10
2
12
20
2.5
42
3
10
21
53
102
4
43
140
320
540
5
190
490
940
1400
6
500
1100
2000
2900
8
1800
3400
5600
7600
10
4000
7200
#####
#####
12
7300
#####
#####
#####
15
#####
#####
#####
#####
Plumbing Sanitary Vents
1.25
30
50
30
30
26
(BOCA National Plumbing Code)
1.5
150
100
75
50
30
42
32
27
25
Diameter of Vent (inches)

2
2.5
3
4
5
6
8
Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)
200
150
100
150
110
94
86
35
27
23
21
300
360
270
230
210
85
65
55
50
28
21
18
16
1040
810
680
620
250
200
170
150
82
63
53
49
33
26
22
20
Vents
980
750
640
580
320
250
210
190
130
100
84
77
31
24
20
18
990
760
670
590
400
310
260
240
95
73
62
56
31
24
20
18
1000
780
660
600
240
190
160
140
78
60
51
46
31
24
20
18
940
720
610
560
310
240
200
180
120
94
79
72
40
31
26
24
10
12
960
740
630
570
380
300
250
230
130
96
81
74
940
720
610
500
310
240
200
180
ROOF DRAIN AND LEADER SIZING

Rain
(in./hr.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Size of Drain or Leader Diameter (in.)

2
3
4
5
6
8
2880
8800
18400 34600 54000 ######
1440
4400
9200
17300 27000 58000
960
2930
6130
11530 17995 38660
720
2200
4600
8650
13500 29000
575
1760
3680
6920
10800 23200
480
1470
3070
5765
9000
19315
410
1260
2630
4945
7715
16570
360
1100
2300
4325
6750
14500
320
980
2045
3845
6000
12890
290
880
1840
3460
5400
11600
260
800
1675
3145
4910
10545
240
730
1530
2880
4500
9660
HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING

1/8 Slope
Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
1644
1096
822
657
4
3760
2506
1880
1504
5
6680
4453
3340
2672
6
10700 7133
5350
4280
8
23000 15330 11500 9200
10
41400 27600 20700 16580
12
66600 44400 33300 26650
15
###### 72800 59500 47600
6
548
1253
2227
3566
7600
13800
22200
39650

1/2 Slope
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
2295
1644
1310
4
5010
3760
3010
5
13360 8900
6680
5320
6
21400 13700 10700 8580
8
46000 30650 23000 18400
10
82800 55200 41400 33150
12
###### 88800 66600 53200
15
###### ###### ###### 95300
6
1096
2500
4450
7140
15320
27600
44400
79250
Plumbing Storm Water Sizing
Storm

1/4 Slope
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
2320
1546
1160
928
4
5300
3533
2650
2120
5
9440
6293
4720
3776
6
15100 10066 7550
6040
8
32600 21733 16300 13040
10
58400 38950 29200 23350
12
94000 62600 47000 37600
15
###### ###### 84000 67250
6
773
1766
3146
5033
10866
19450
31350
56000
Example of Primary-Secondary Piping Network System

Terminal Units (100 gpm each)
Section No.
Cooling Coils
S12
R1
S11
R2
S10
R3
Pumps
Chillers
Booster Pump
S8
S9
CHWS
CHWR
R4
S7
S6
S5
S1
S2
R8
R5
S3
R7
Cooling Coils
(300 gpm each)
Chillers
Primary-Secondary Piping
S4
R6
Primary Pumps
CHW-Schematic
BOILER PLANT
Boiler
Primary
Hot Water
Pumps
HWS
Boiler
HWR
AHU Heating Coils
Hot Water Loop

HWS
HWR
HWR
Booster
HWS
4-Pipe Units
4-Pipe Units
4-Pipe Units
BLDG
Booster
CHWS
CHWS
Building
Envelope
CHWR
Chilled Water Loop

Primary Chilled
CHWS Water Pumps
AHU Cooling Coils
Centrif
ugal
Chiller
Centrif
ugal
Chiller
Centrif
ugal
Chiller
CHWR
CWR
CWS
Cooling
Tower
Condenser
Water Loop
Cooling
Tower
CHILLER PLANT
CWR
Primary Plant piping
Plant-Schematic
Pipe Sizing & Pressure Loss Calculations
Input by User
Pipe Material = S-40 Steel
Sizing Crit. =
From Piping Design Tables
Design
Calculated by Program
Fluid (Liquid / Gas) = Water
H-W Coeff. = 100
Hazen-Williams Formula
F = 0.2083*{(100/C)^1.85}*{Q^1.85/D^4.8635} F = Friction loss (Ft/100ft)
Q = Flow Rate (gpm)
D = Pipe Inside Diameter (inches)
Cuft/Sec = GPM x 0.002228 CSA (sqft) = 0.005454*(D^2)
V (fps) = {GPM/(D^2)}*0.4085 EL = Equiv Length (ft) = L/D* D
Section
Sect
Flow
Pipe Sizing Calculations
Name
Leng
GPM
Size
Input
Input
Input
Table
S1
S2
S3
S4
10
10
10
30
500
500
1000
1500
6.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
Pipe Pressure Loss Calculation
PD/100
Veloc
Program Program
3.37
3.37
3.00
2.14
5.67
5.67
6.38
6.13
Pressure Loss through Fittings

Fitting Name
No. off
Table / Input
Input
UNION
L/D
No. off
Table Program Program
Table / Input
Input
Table Program Program Program Program
45
#REF!
##### ##### #####
270
PD
9.09
L/D
Eqv Ln
Pipe+Fttg+Valve
Valve Name
EL90-RG-Fl
STRAINER
Eqv Ln
Pressure Loss through Valves

PD
Eqv Ln
PD
#REF! #REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
PipePD

11 - Pipe Sizing Data.75103307 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

11 - Pipe Sizing Data.75103307 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Pipe Sizing Criteria

Design: 3'/100' PD , 10 fps max vel

IBM-AES Piping Design Software

High: 5'/100' PD , 12 fps max velMaxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps max vel

0.675 0.091 0.493 3.0

0.840 0.109 0.622 3.0

1.050 0.113 0.824 3.0

1.315 0.133 1.049 3.0

1.660 0.140 1.380 3.0

1.900 0.145 1.610 3.0

2.375 0.154 2.067 3.0

2.875 0.203 2.469 3.0

3.500 0.216 3.068 3.0

4.000 0.226 3.548 3.0

4.500 0.237 4.026 3.0

5.563 0.258 5.047 3.0

6.625 0.280 6.065 3.0

8.625 0.322 7.891 3.0

10.00 10.75 0.365 10.02 2.7

12.00 12.75 0.406 11.94 2.1

14.00 14.00 0.437 13.13 1.9

16.00 16.00 0.500 15.00 1.7

18.00 18.00 0.562 16.88 1.5

20.00 20.00 0.593 18.81 1.3

22.00 22.00 1.250 20.75 1.1

24.00 24.00 1.360 22.64 1.0

26.00 26.00 0.750 25.25 0.9

28.00 28.00 0.750 27.25 0.8

30.00 30.00 0.750 29.25 0.7

32.00 32.00 0.750 31.25 0.6

34.00 34.00 0.750 33.25 0.5

36.00 36.00 0.750 35.25 0.4

100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Design Software

Friction Loss for CLOSED Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel

Source: Carrier Systems Design

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Design Software

Friction Loss for OPEN Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel

Source: Carrier Systems Design

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

IBM-AES Piping Design Software

Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria

(ASPE Data Book)

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria

(ASPE Data Book)

Schedule 40 PVC Schedule 40 CPVCPolyethylene (75 psi)

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Design Software

Friction Loss for Copper Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M

Source: Carrier Systems Design

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Pipe Sizing Criteria:

Pipe Size Veloc

Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow