CLINICAL: CROWN AND BRIDGE Bridge design, , part one: causes of bridge failure By Dr Paul Tipton, BDS, MSc, DGDP. lo the frat ofa tempareseres, Paul Tipton looks at the evolution of bridge design and ‘examines the reasons for bridge fire, eA noes es eee ae eee ee fae eee eee SS ee ee ‘bridge abuts in ee selected cases. Arte proposed. | aaa ear seer oe ee Sebel mee Senna ston 0 of 74 ties exhsied technica | ee eed FIGURE 2 ‘THE CAUSES OF BRIDGE FAILURE eet ae hn i an paca Noni IP) dbs ‘CAUSES OF BRIDGE FAILURE rar moneda re ern Det Hopi ora two perat He nd tre ee St nce trea mtn rep tol peters se He tet ps re ews th bc ein gn Reber (170) mot nemesis Helene grams serena ato ce aveCLINICAL: CROWN AND BRIDGE shart tech Sha (17 earned en re | pra ae used oe ott euro gave a herein etre | fr merprora oth cer (ren e178) ue cers treeyer poss nee 2 {yh ner paleo be enraged fon tre (ose 3 fom te hearers of wtiond | comryathcprt carne ar (pr Una 9) tturmerswasgeertun erotik ontonttom | Cn (909 toned te eter a anearg man ‘renin rb of area re 7 fd Gare at pce cpa re res NetardLnde (17) seth hres | gear rapa dome wih bare ag i tects contd on een ee ers hn | thermo rot an whe rah oe (96 ee tere of aret navies and pro wor The | oh barged rts wre mist pealinreton faurewer ut tlomofreanon earercomns fam | ard She (197 conde tag ot er tumor th wh 39% fae fame tcth | soso be ed rl where pet The okand ream cfinigecemonets ek bergebots | cncson eta rergety-sI tne aren ode eR (989 pres a many att | hear mgr ad ogra wher pste, ee rik of ren rape fom tes upd | hog poisson arp ee etme ree tla cereron ve rca ein sun | roin gh rer an pg te rs ee PULPAL PATHOLOGY ‘canes ahr cn at he a agate has be pray oun tt Fite cence of | of comer Rear recent ce flowed Se a ee ete ee rer rad ee tar eer oat ‘eof por pe corre ncaa rb of | (988) ert ht mary ISK of ur na ter code lngrert aces re cn be prvsri- | (igre) Arowaf cnet Geodon ied amg ttre propane nara tne_| and Scie (998) eee it betwen 310 TK of inc be raion whch owed te pet to | Se ppd fr aes be gre cc ‘ermal peared pone Al oot mas eat | vesner Te ew pe ht ee ror Sore gnil whee poste ante wth a heiner_| ire dren pee ary Soestne ann ei hf ei leer encoi protons ar oseetreatarme pre |_egewth snes pk Mig perth tk ‘teeth geste tctmiin fr metermicpgua- | wt ne the eee emu R81) ieee tao ace coos en tare comer npn be wot try 04d ide hee | ‘CEMENTATION Ds fag whch i un wa pce an on | ares ner odd ato pr ant a tue | cortinofe enrire Fe ecg ile de eer The oten san aa wap fom unr | esi ge tal he a raprsdrgsnanglnanratces ere s\Remored | Te inarpeson fae aber io be dp fattoadwve otra erg fang gn xing ea | ten ling ean cn pa te cry Sa oben scorpandt hee peer ced | sunt fo a fru Ts a Ser (9 serena fess paacon un Fer tee ruc gst | fA who ator bers wre reaper roth rarer po aren tceigas cg wen |v a gee hte afta ton Fon sexs sn ran Ran 978 ar aaared | 3 macon ear fx gona armpit figue 7) ihe 28a ses my pope erat ftace ran bcs ot | MARGIN DESIGN. iow in ios cng reg ant pest | Gane (18) kde te pe of mag nat (Pare: 1985) Fer pram nrg testis cer | ratrora He andthe bes st ber at Coa bets rg ant cara a |r cmp ae wih a AP cesT 6 | Pome ant Wu he ig per earaton mt | mar nce rth ponent Tru orth enn boa ern 8) | ret eel i sow god et anda Tp Gere, omens wert mi i est eg crs usg fetter can apt | sano 4B te sg it amd ch ‘eth erento by omg ito aie ize | ey be are tore tn prc (nt ES) ‘nce serge eco comcer bee | peo anh dp be mectcin con a of sn fn carer a ge 9 ontraate | the ren pre 12) ado et Ry (197) et Utgundbecinaminacaintherecande mbes | armas with encore ben re ents ‘Mog bt ge oerape wl cose | Oo nn # render te prin bar cer wer tng ac rr 981; Bea hem | per reli erage ets cn be feces re gfe rah he prt tare eh | meron rth meaner bypry a Pere eteeasoncanng sgt mane eattn | rng wags pr pan gre 3) agian on fenton leo angers | cow fe rnin aol yl barry tre Yon Reg wi dic th ne teow ge ee |_sshtaly pg 0 8 ewe eyo Hee 2 (64 fereorefalatertarsxe rgd tre | fan et ue ng peg rd map ‘a tue pom un wa and tes mach at |r apps Fare bore eo entlng wen se Dro cde and Cr ree | (91) sho owner rds eee caw (i) patents tn ger proce nn | ti tu gp ee main te oe es ‘te pncfcom rage sane pea Tey | he wont graposh base eter fg renpton fpoweutsOkef pwr aderh atone cntsiniar | (Cntr dre case nmr tr ther [real rane ss tow narer sie ha toow up | ‘i dg cei nenng the cso te tl ‘types re en wine war hy peties | Some prt rn ie wi De casein mer ener se ht of agri ragre oe gene |e ier. eet of ag ag ard ch hah ‘erngnged muh (Cn a in 98) arte | CONCLUSIONS ‘ests Sigh (198) fab shown tod | Miya ie arte ct ee Ss fo he (Geter mah he bs tenn prain ike | porta ven fran er fe om orgy {whe can dt a rl Farr pct be | oer enpasig Arte Lan oa fe fae nae ii Fe). rep oe not na core pl Theta beac teat ear | ogy canettn fre a rag lou ot gress nde Unites one a | cern Stare enced tt nom Shee coe ‘Se ear papaon fhe erat ano al | ring nce tna Tre atsert rears lbdlertuciragninancrertnatcane teste: | meretan ae are ofr ost risa aro ‘eae kof eon ten op = “ie Prd troun ames tele | sro fre stron arc fine mage ag ay nee | Trent ace nt ste wl cree on od esto an hein n onset ary pc | rote cro tea fate repten of oe wee 2 | REFERENCES beri Go te a of tear ry ‘ouhandeiimagh alc mtg te oe | Sept Nn (5 et pe oar, “ie bon oun ig lp e | psc eet ent i th ton retron rl cing age esa: | prose ie 5.3 Tao beanie emilee trrentartae te pepsin Trager | Cran (9 agra ey a et fee tecrmct ceute pepangterapctconnacs | 14207 spouted ee wt os mach om ten cre vn (8) ge pene fee ees ‘OPPOSING DENTITIONS. omit Lerch by Po Owe a8 Sear (970) cares tte et png over tigevon ws etldrary ier ves | Gelip (me eccernn emcee ete {pt oie bce ote mes res fee | repent a) (8 es fom re ant perl doase Linge) | DeaCLINICAL: CROWN AND BRIDGE rir a merce ster Rta (Pi lee baer on Sr bn ppt Af sara F (11 en pcan cnn per oe Eel (979 Prmere mnesndceen tems (en en a 6 Lee (158 in pe mn a unger lato ‘grit ps ceed ar (90g Dra 886 Cavett err Te sero rc ta ne] ace 76 rot nt ss th teen pire ee) Poe 35 San Ste 9% Ata toed nt Jind 8 a8 Pe asa in ie Frcs ap 2 Ont Cer agate wey 817 (rare tepn acim ro ofan at argh HT arch of id rr Ten Grima Ping can cna sar ret of el i | Seco ty) 97 psn cea eo i ‘Than D8) My a pc oe el P-