General statements Uncountables Abstract ideas Names of food and drink Languages Materials Buildings Unit 60 ‘Zero article’ Articles Wedo notalways use a/an or the in front of nouns, We call this ‘zero article’ Cars are not allowed to park here. Teachers work v ery hard. Sugar isbad for you Money isn’t the most important thing in life! Love makes the world go round. War isa terrible ching Note that abstract words can be used ina definite w The war ended two years later. Tusually drink milk. Idon'tli Tlove eating chocolate. Doon speak Turkish? I'm leaning Spanish. This coatis made of plastic and leather. Tm going to put some wood on the fire. Sue isin prison. (She committed a crime.) Richard isin hospital. (He’sill.) Also: bed, class, school, college, university ‘When we talk about the building only, we use an article. Paul works at the prison. (He's nota prisoner.) Note that we also think of work as a place. Sam is at work.Elementary Countries, states and cities Streets Geographical features Transport 1 Choose the correct word or space underlined in each -ntence. Wealso use the zero article with: Paolo cor from Italy. live in England, rite European city is Tarragona. Countries which are plural or a group use the definite article the. ited States the United Arab Emirates Thought these trousers from a shop in Green Street. Which street do you We use the zero article with regions, lakes, mountains and islands. We visited Lake Como. It’sin Northern Italy Diana climbed Mont Blanc in record time James spent his holidays on Rhodes. We use the zero a We went there by train. Tl But: on foot It was quicker to go on foot. cle with by for general forms oft ravelling by boat 'M_THE DEFINITE. M1 A.AN ARTICLE, INDEFINITE ARTICLE 2) Do you like an) orange juice? b) ‘Tom has got a/ ©) Kate teaches a 4) Have you ever been to the/— Italy e) The/—Chinese have a very diffi 1) ‘The/—love is a wonderful thing! g) Pmtired. Ivs time to go to the/— bed. h) Could you pass the/— sugar, please? i) Harry comes from the/— USA. ji) Wewent to Scotland by a/—car new leather coat. school in Leeds. Ie language. 42 Pata/an or the in cach space, or leave the space blank Rewrite each sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in bold. Vnit 60 a) Where’s..#¢... milk? I thought you bought some. } nen Students must not leave their bags here ¢) Paul went to... prison for stealing two cars. d) Isthis chair made of «ns Wood? ¢) It’s much quicker on foot. 4) Twonder what life was like in.. 3) Alarge crowd welcomed ....--- President of the USA. fh) sammie Smoking is not allowed in the dining-room 1) Do you want su.nn. Sugar in your tea? i) There has been a fire at rw prison. ancient Rome, a) Sueisn’tup yet. bed Site BALLAD HEH rresreunnnrereereerie eens b) We walked ro the city centre foot ©) David wears plastic glasses. made of 4) George came here on the bus by ©) Naomiisa French speaker. speaks f) Martin sa prisoner. prison g) Pmnotatea drinke drink hh) Carlos is Spanish. Spain i) Ann flew to New York. plane j) Marie comes from France, is 145Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive pronouns, this and that With nouns one/ones Unit 61 f,me, mine — Pronouns 1 this, that one, ones 7 he you she they it ‘These come before the main verb: ubink it’s avofil Do you like this film? me him us you her them is These come afterthe main verb: I sent them a letter Ellen told us the answer mine bis ors : yours bers —_theivs (itsis not often used) (its) Is this pen yours or mine? @ No apostrophe before s with possessive pronouns. singular this that, plural these ose What's this? I'd like those, please. These shoes arenice. Is that blue car yours? like that one. Tdon’t ile the blue ones. ‘Did you buy a loaf? ‘I boughta small one,’ That wasa nice biscuit. Can I have another one? 1464. Put this, at, these, those, one or ones ineach space. 2 Choose the correct word underlined in 3 Complete each wentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Unit 61 a) Pe just found weno fAiR nouns watch. Is it yours? b) There area lot of bags here. Which... jis yours? c) Doyoulike snnsmnhouses at the end of the street? d) Anna, is my friend Sam. Have you met before? ©) Have one of sens chocolates. They’re my favourite! f) ‘What's P ‘What? ‘The animal over there.’ g) Who was girl [saw you with last night? h) Like the black trousers, but I don’t like the green i) Did you enjoy that ice-cream? Would you like another j) Here, take vasnenumnn letters and post them for me, please. a) Tony gave welG@)a lift. b) Isthis bag your/yours? c) Tina and Mike say that we can borrow theirs/thev. 4) Could you pass me thav/those paper? ¢) Isityour turn, oris it my/mine? £) Do this/these trees belong to you? g) Paula wants y h) i) Isthis/these your book? j) Shall we phone them/they now? 11 to help she/het Excuse me, but this is my/mine seat. a) Isthis your bike? Is this bike ern YM? b) That house belongs to me That house is 5 c) Paul likes Jane. They're friends. Paul and Jane are friends. He likes 4) Iwantto know the time, Can you tell nee the e) We own this car. This car is £) invited John to my house fora alk, Iwanted to talk to John so Linvited to my house. g) Jane has arrived. Those are her suitcases. Jane has arrived. Those suitcases are . hy) Sam stayed in London because he liked the clubs there. Sam stayed in London because he liked clubs. i) Can youlend a pen to Ellen? She needs one. Ellen needs a pen. Can you lend... j) Ilike your shoes. They're nice. Your shoes are nice. like ime, please. one? 7someone/ somebody something anyone/ anybody anything no one/nobody none none of nothing everyone, everybody everything Unit 62 someone, anybody, Pronouns 2 everything, none, etc, For an unknown person Someone/Somebody is knocking a Foran unknown thing Something is wrong! For questions and negatives Tsanyone/anybody going to help me? There isn'tanyone/anybody heve. For questions and negatives Isthere anything in the box? A negative meaning. We do not use not. I’m sure that no one/nobody sate me None means ‘not one’. We do not use not, Can I have a biscuit? There are none left Can I have some milk? There is none left. We usually use a singular verb. None of the children was tired. A negative meaning. We do not use nor. Ipressed the button, but nothing happened. Allthe people. We usea singular verb. Everyone knows the answer, Alllthe things. We use a singular verb. Everything is beautiful 148 j } ' }a Completeeach sentences witha pronoun beginning some-, any-, no- of 2 Replace the underlined words with one word, 3 Rewrite each sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in bold. Unit 62 a) Can Lask you ...semethiing...? b) -snnnenrannne has gone wrong today! It’s been terrible! €) sani has taken my bike, and I’m going to find out who! d) There is snonne higer than a warm bath, €), Doe nrinonennnns here havea pen I could borrow? 4) [feel so unhappy! svn loves me! g) ssssnnnnay Somewhere, wants a phone call from you! h) snnuThaveis yours! a) Notone of the people in the room welcomed Peter Nett b) Allthepeople in theroom clapped loudly. sn c) Notoneof the people I asked knew the way. , d) Anunknown person has broken a window in the classroom e) Does one of the people here know the time? f) Norone person laughed at the head teacher's joke. g) There isn’t one single thing to cat h) Allthe things Roger planned went badly wrong, i) There's aperson at the door. i) Jim owns all the things in this room. a) There isn’t anyone at home. noone The 00.098 a ett b) Weall know that everyone c) Thereis nothing todo. anything d) The box was empty. nothing ¢) There aren’tany left. none £) Imetaperson who knows you. somebody g) Ididn’t eat anything, nothing h) Do you know any people in this town? anybody 149a Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. 2 Choose the correct word underli each sentence. din 3 Puta/an or the in each space 4 Put tbe in each space, or leave the space blank. Unit 63 Consolidation 9 a) Tom wasn’t rofin/@work today. Is he ill? b) There wasa queue in the strect to/into/outside the cinema. ¢) Are you going at/to/in schoo] tomorrow? 4) Mario took his pet snake to/at/in his English class. 2) Anew music shop has opened to/indinta the town centre. f) There's good film at/in/to the Arts Cinema this week. g) Janeis avour/to, but she'll be home later. h) Cem opened the box, but there was nothing at/inside/ta, a) Have you gor(@yane bike? b) Cindy is afan young American ¢) Sorry I’m late. I missed a/the bus. ) Excuse me, is there a/the cinema near here? ©) Ann’shouseis aradthe £) Once upon a/the time, there were three bears ) Can you tell me a/the time please? h) I'msorry, but I could only buy a/one ticket for the match, nd of the street. a) wthe... Nile is one of fe... longest rivers in ..dA¢... world, b) Kateis....n.. genius and always knows ll sen answers ©) Paul lives it oun old house ON... small island, d) Ritahad soon job a8 sess €GINEET iM serene international company ©) Suddenly there Was nnn strange noise from snemaleitchen. £) Hyou go 10... supermarket, can you buy me nun. packet of biscuits? g) There’s........ burglar in garden! Call police! h) John first crossed smu AtIAMBIC 09 sen CFUiSe-Ship, a) Allweare saying is give ..=.... peace a chance. b) snes Helen usually 688 noon fish, NOL nnene ME ° bikes area clean and healthy form of svar transport. 8) Most of neue PeOPIE IN some WOHTd eMtjOY snes MUSIC ©) Leaught wnnn first busand arrived easly at neunu airport £) saneme Young usually enjoy srann SPOT g) Ourhouse isin... Hilton Road. bb) Welearned ju Spanish by listening t0 a. tadio. 1505 Rewrite each sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in bold. 6 Put one suitable word ineach space: _ Correct each, ventence or question. Think about yrammar! a) Thereis nothing in the cupboard, isn’t Thee isn kanything inthe cebond. b) All the people enjoyed the party. everyone ©) Everyone was at home. out d) There isa person in the garden. someone e) Ipromise to say nothing. won't £) There was no one on the bus. wasn’t a) The dog has lost ..ff.. collar b) Has anyone seen.. sveeee Wallet? I think I’ve lost it. ©) My pencil broke so I borrowed froma friend d) Joand Steve have gor ovo children. . names are Ian and Megan. ©) This book is - I's got my name on it. £) Welive in this house. Iv’.. 8) This bikeis mine and seven one is Jims 1) Anna says that this bag is 0 .» not Maria’s a) The love makes world go round! Leva mabestheweeld gexewud.. b) Help! Call police! ial i ©) Kate enjoyed her holiday at Turkey d) Have you met mine brother? ¢) Nooneof the questions was easy. £) Mysisterisarchicect. g) Those bags are there's. h) Let’s go cinema tonight. i) Iesquicker to go to the station by foot j) Everything I wrote were wrong. 1 Compare the uses of the articles with articles in your own language. ‘What mistakes do you usually make? 2. Revise the differences between my/mine, your/yours, her/hers ete Remember that possessive pronouns, e.g. yours, hers, have no apostrophe. 3. Check the uses of ar, in and ro. Does your language have more than one preposition for these meanings?Unit 64 ‘She said she was leaving at six. Reported speech She said she had left at si Past perfect What is ‘Pm leaving at six,’ she said. reported This is direct speech, or the words that we hear. speech? She said that she was leaving at six. She said she was leaving at six. This is indirect or reported speech. Someone tells us what she said, Tense changes Present simpleto past simple ‘Tim wants some coffee. He said (that) Tim wanted some coffee. Tim is late.” He said (that) Tim was late. © Present continuous to past continuous ‘T'm washing my hair.’ She said (that) she was washing her hair, © Present perfect to past perfect ‘Helen has lost ber wallet.’ He said (that) Helen bad lost her wallet willto would ‘Tilbe late.’ She said (that) she would be late. © Past simple to past perfect ‘Kate took my keys,’ He said (that) Kate had taken bis keys Past perfect Forming the past perfect: { had + past participle | oe eee e HEE ne Thad started hehadstarted ewe had started | Pdstarted he'd started we'd started ; youbadstarted shehadstarted they had started you'd started she'd started they'dstanted — | ithad started | : it'd started | © See Intermediate Language Practice Unit 5 for more on the past perfect. Words which describe time and place change in reported speech. See Intermediate Language Practice Units 10 and 11 for more about teported speech,a Match the speech bubbles 1) t0 6) with the sentences 1) 108). 2 Write each cntence as direct peech, 3 Write each jentence as reported speech. \p9 tvemer OF se Jy MONDAY id that she was ©) Maria said that she enjoyed singing. d) Olga said that she would give an interview later. said that she had got married on Monday! ©) Tit YA marrien on} Unit 64 ay vet (LL GIVE CLeaving V aN THE GROUP, INTERVIEW f) Helen said thac she had met lots of people. a) She said that she was leaving at six. b) He said Peter often went fishing. ©) She said she would be back later. d) Isaid that had just seen Marks, @) Alan said that they had left at 6.00. f) Helen said that she was working. g) Isaid that we were late. h) Hesaid he would phone back. i) David said that he fetal right. j) She said she loved ice-cream. a) ‘'mleaving,’ she said. b) ‘Isaw the film on Monday,’ Tom said. ©) ‘Pve missed the bus,’ Maria said. d) ‘Welive in Marsden Street, they said. e) ‘Tl phoneat 6,00,’ Anna said. ) Pmhaving a good time,’ said Carol. g) ‘We're arriving at 9,00,’ they said. h) ‘forgot to do my work, said A i) ‘Pm wrong,’ he said. j) ‘Tve hurt my arm,’ said Harry. 153 she said. he said. she said. I said, Alan said. Helen said. Isaid. he said. David said. Linden at .. she said She said ......(#habl ate leaps. bang carb Maria said They said Anna said Carol said ... They said Alsaid Hesaid .. Harry saidPresent simple passive will passive Present perfect passive Past simple passive Examples Uses Unit 65 Passive 1 isstarted — arestarted (regular) | iseaten _areeaten (irregular) ‘willbe started (regular) willbeeaten _(irvegular) hasbeen started have been started (regular) hasbeen caten _havebeen eaten (irregular) sstarted — werestarted (regular) eaten (regular) | ‘waseaten Present simple Active Archacologists often discover ancient coins. Passive Ancient coinsare often discovered by archaeologists will Active They will finish the new road next year. Passive The new road will be finished next year Present perfect Active Your eat has eaten my pet mouse! Passive My pet mouse has been eaten by your cat! Past simple Active The whole class wrote the play: Passive The play was written by the whole class. When we make an active sentence passive, the object becomes the subject. We do this when we want to put information at the beginning of the sentence because itis more important. Many valuable things are left on underground trains by tourists Many valuable things isimportant. Tourists leave many valuable things on underground trains. Tourists is importan. @ Weuse the passive more in writing and in formal speech. 1541 Chuunse the correct words suterbined in whi sentence, emence in the 4 Havwrite wach renee in the venive, Start cach catence with the ils andeslined a) Last year more than a million cars @arestalenVare stolen, b) Helen has decided/has been decided to visit C c) America visived/was visited by the Viking a) ‘The police have not found/haye.notbeen found the missing dog, ©) More interesting facts a ) ‘The basketball team is chosen/chooses by the captain. g) The next meeting will hold/will be held on 14 Decemt h) Two men were painted/were painting the walls. a) The police arrested fifteen people Fifteen people Heart 90r68ted ously the police. b) They have found little Jimmy safe and well. Little Jimmy .. safe and well. ©) Weplant hundveds of trees every year Hundreds of t€08 sonsons 4) We will sell most tickets on the day of th every year h mat covered/are discovering every year. Most tickers : svnn on the day of the match. ©) They took the inj The injured people f) They have discovered a Anew planet... 2) They grow coffee in Brazil, Coffee h) A famous journalise wrote the book, The book cl people to hospital ew planet. to hospital in Brazil a) They built the bridge in 1996, Th lcige wns alle 2998, b) A doghas eaten my sandwich! ©) They'll deliver the letter tomorrow. a ‘They have cancelled our train. f) People drink millions of ea sofa dns ever ay! @) They'lldecorate your room. h) Hlelen has won the ise prize. - bya famous journalist.With the agent by With the agent with Not known Not important Obvious Impersonal Careful! Unit 66 Passive2 Agent The agentis the person or thing thae does the action. Peter was kidnapped by aliens from another galaxy. In this s eagent = aliens, The instrument is the thing used to do the action. The door was opened with a special key In this sentence the instrument =a special key. © Anagentis nocalways necessary The window was broken last night edo not know who did it, The castle was built in the 18h century Weare interested in the date, but notin the architect. The money was stolen We know that robbers, thieves, et, steal things. j The money was stolen by robbers wearing masks, Weare interested in who did the stealing. The match has been cancelled. ‘The person or people who decided to cancel the match are not named. can Always passive Jim woas born in Australiait Complete each cntence so that awans the same as ihe first sentence, Use with or by. passive, Donot use the words underlined, Complete each «mtence so thacit means the same as the first sentence. Unit 66 a) A friend gave'Tina a lift o school Tina wane given alittle sehonl bya feietd.... b) ‘Tom Smooth will play the part of Hammer, ‘The part of Hamlet ©) They used ascrewdriver to opent The window vownensnennnnnn d) Our dog bites lors of people. Lots of people ©) Abul broke the classroom window The classroom window ) A Japanese millionaire bought the painting, The painting window. 2) Workers build thousands of new houses every year “hansen af ucchewesare be 08 b) The two teams will play the match on Sunday. 9 Nowy people cut down many trees for no reason 4) Thepoliceasked Dimrogowohepatiesaon, chas stolen my bike. f) People delivered our new washing-machine yesterday. 2) Hundreds of people visit the castle every year. Thecastle ta xisited avecyyear hy hundreds af pagel... b) Three masked men kidnapped the bank manager. ‘The bank manager . ) Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankthannum in 1922. ‘The tomb a 4) Millions of people enjoy Susan's books. Susan’s books ¢) Heavy traffic causes alot of pollution. Alotof pollution .. f) Everyone has decided to have another meeting on Wednesda qtUnit 67 Sitdown! Don't talk! Imperatives Situations We use imperatives to: 1) giveorders Sithere, please. give instructions Press this button, give directions Take the akeinformal requests Lend ve informal advice Buy the red one. Match the pictures with the situations above. Examplos Stop! Listen! Don'tstop! Don’t istent Direction and place yn the left. wm1 Write an instruction for cach situation, Use a verb from thebox. 2 Write the opposite. 3 Pur one word in cach space. Unit 67 close come stop open sit lend take wwmoff | a) A young child is reading in bed late at night, His mother says to him: araafthelghtl b) A man's dog isrunning away. The man shows at the dog: ¢) In isthe frst class ofthe day and the students have their books on their tables. The ceacher says: d) The front door of the house is open. The father says to his son: e) Lotsof sedentsarestandingupin cls The teacher says You need to borrow a pen. You say to your friend ) You are talking 10 your friend in clas, The teacher says h) Your friend asks where the disco is. You know it’s in the next street on the left. You say’ a) Stand up! b) Goaway! ©) Torn onthe light! 4) Start work! ©) Open the window! f) Gotosleop! g) Pull thedoor! h) Ger off the bus! a) Please nnalifnnne down, I want to begin the lesson, b) .. z -Iwant you to stay. ° mea pencil, please. P've broken mine. 8) Tdon't wane talc to you! Please @) this one, Ie’s not very expensive. 8) Tes easy t0 find, .sonsnnnnn along this road, and then turn left. away 2) ..heve, Lwant to havea word with you. b) ava the front of the oven! It’s hot, and you'll burn yourself i) Using the Easy writer is easy. Just ..uuenne it on, and it’s ready. i). . for me. I'll bea long time. 159Gerund Examples Unit 68 Swimming is great! Gerunds “The gerund is the noun form of the verb, ending in ~ing. We can use itas a subject or an object. Subject Flying isexciting! Cycling is good exercise. Object Do you like flying? Are-yow interested in eyeling? Verb Gerund Verb | read reading cat’ — cating run running — swim swimming gle ling ting play playing pray praying oy ying fly, flyin Cyeling is not allowed on the pavement. Speaking is forbidden during the examination. Do you like camping? Tove studying! I can’t stand getting up early. Cyeling is excellent exercise 1604 Complete the setenee for ach picture, 2 Complete wevund (-ing). Use the verb in rackets 3 Rewrite each sentence so that it starts witha evn (ing). Unit 68 ©) Peter LOVES snsnnnsiinnnnnenns £) Lisaisinterested if wasn a) Kateis good at (ran) 2mm... : b) (take) oon along walk is relaxing ©} Whatdo you think of (Collect) -nmnmnenenenenn SAMS? 4) (cat) too much isn’t healthy. @) Ally friends like (play) sonen basketball f) (shout) at peopleis rude! g) Is Harry interested in (sail). hh) (cross) sw : i) Do you feel like (go) }) Gog) sueeue i8 good for you. . the road here is dangerous tothe cinema? a) It’s tring to study late at night. Skuahing teat nightie tcing, b) L's hard to get up early. ce ©) Ietakes time to learna language. 4d) You are forbidden to park h ¢) It’sinteresting to visit other countries. You are notallowed to talk. g) I’snot necessary t0 book arable, hh) It’s wrong to copy other people! i) Tesrelaxing to listen to music, j) You are notallowed to smoke 161Contractions Examples Examples Unit 69 It’s, they're, Contractions I'm, I've, he's, she’s When we speak we often shorten words like am, are, have, hasin verb forms (ausiliary or ‘helping’ verbs). When we write these short forms (contractions) we put an apostrophe (’) to show that letters are mi m youare heis sheis itis weare aa I'm you're he’s she’s it’s. we're Mechelle I’m leaving tomorr Jack’s going home in a moment. hehas shebas wehave they he’s she’s “ve they’ve L’ve eaten your sandwiches. it her books at school © e's and she’s = he has, she has or be is, she is, ‘With the modal have to we do not make contractions. etoleave. (no-contraction possible) [cannot could not do | donot — doesnot couldn't 4° | don’t doesn’t iF willnot shallot won shan’t Tewould vould ete would | a Pd, etc.can also be a contraction for J had in the past perfect simple 62et White the full form alihe words underlined. 2 Rewrite each contractions 3 Patapostrophes where necessary. 4 Rewrite each centence with contractions. Unit 69 a) Lvs very cold today. Erde b) Till be back tomorrow. cc) Whar’s the time? d) Don’tworry.Itwon't rain, ase ©) Lean’ssee the blackboard. 4) Idon‘t know the answer g) My bike! Les been stolen, ah b) Iflwere you, i) Jane’s got two sisters. 3) Dvebeen to Istanbul. J leave, a) Lwill not be home early srnnnonediainttEbehome carp b) Who is coming to your party? ©) Weare imerested in football. d) Iwould notdo thatif were you. sassnnsnnnsnn ©) Paula could not lift the chair. f) They have sent mea letter eit g) Lam leaving tomorrow, hh) Helen has gota dog, ’) Ieis very cold today. i) They will be here at 6.00. a) Itstime for the news, Us Hise, fo theres, b) Ive decided to buy some bors. ©) Whose books are these? Are they yours? d) Sues borrowed my paints. ¢) This new boats ours. ts gorsails and oars. Tchink che dogs hurt one of its legs. These are my photos. Id like to see yours. My names Toby. Whats yours? a) Hyouasked me, I would not tell you. b) Ido not know where he has gone. ©) You havenot done it yet. Iwill see you when you are back. Jane has not finished her homework. 4) We were not ready so we could not begin. 2) Ifyouare nervous, do not worry. paeeiti h) Chrisis ourburhe will be home soon. i) Ido notremember what I have read. 3) Wecannor see what he is carrying. I teen 163a Write each sentence as reported speech, 2 Choose the correct words underlined in each sentence. 3 Underline the unnecessary words in each sentence, Notall sentences contain unnecessary words Unit 70 Consolidation 10 a) ‘T'llbe late,’ said Jim, Jim said ...thathewmauld he late... b) ‘Kate knows the answer,’ said Bill. Bill said... riper c) ‘Mary is leaving at 8.00,’ said Alan. Alan said... coy d) ‘Ican’tfind the keys,’ said Dave. Dave said ..... sve e) ‘The bus is going to be lat Mark said....... ws f) ‘I’ve lost my books,’ said Mr Green. Mr Green said .., sesenenecsenssnsnunvavavssssossnsesese g) ‘T'mready!’ said Tina. Tile 0 csensenssssicasnccresernen “- h) ‘Sophia has broken the window?” said Sam. Sam said aid Mark. a) The window (fasbeen brokep)/was been broken. b) ‘The match will played/will be played on Monday, not Sunday. ) Tom's new book is published/publishes by Smith and Co. d) The book was filmed/was film in 1997 ¢) Some fingerprints were find/were found on the gun. f) ‘The new swimming pool will been opened/will be opened tomorrow. 8) TV programmes are often changed/are often change atthe last minute. h) An ancient tomb has been discovered/is been discovered. i) Allthe sandwiches were eaten/were eating. j) Wewere taken/We were took to our hotel in a special bus. a) The car was stolen by someone. b) This photo was taken by a famous photographer. ©) The book was writcen by a writer in the 18th cent d) My cheese was eaten by mice. ©) Three men have been arrested by the police. f) My suitcase has been opened by someone. g) The bikes are produced by workers in our Nottingham factory. h) Millions of newspapers are read by people every day. 1644 Complete each sentence so that it snwans the same as the first sentence. 5 Potone suitable word int each pave. 6 Write the vontractions in sul Hhink about Unit 70 a) We waste a lot of water. ent lebefsater issued. cones b) Wehave decided to cancel the meeting. It... sereecenemevanernertiee - ©) ‘They will open the new sports centre next week. The... raeoreceeeceeerseretantsaten la d) A falling tree injured three people. ‘Three people ©) Someone has stolen my wallet! My wallet : £) Someone will meet you atthe airport You vs ae g) A French person teaches my sister. My sister h) ‘The head teacher gave David a prize. David. 2) Please come into the room and s.r OWN, b) .ssnnsnnes books in a foreign language isa good way to learn, ©) Stop bothering meand .snesnnens BWA d) . sme your pen! I’ve broken mine. ° . is notallowed in the examination room. Essie -~ letters takes along time, so Lusually phone people. s)- .up early in the morning ean be difficult! hy. -» park outside this building. Iris forbidden a) They’re building a new cinema, i b) We've forgotten our books. c) Iv’sanice day today. d) Lwon’tbe late. ©) Ie started to rain. f) Ydlikke some tea, please. g) Jim doesn’t live here. h) Mary’s broken herarm, i) Pauls ouracthe moment. j) Ishan'rtell you again, 1. Revise how to form different passive tenses. What mistakes do you usually make? 2. Does your language have passive form verbs which do not have passive meanings?Unit 71 my, mine, — Possession 1 whose, have got Possession means having or owning things. Eee [my your bis her its ow their | adjectives coe Eaeee : : Thisismy bike. Those ave our books. Possessive eee = monies yours bis bers its ons theirs This bike is mine, Those books ave ours. Wecannot say: This is mine bike. This bike is the mine, whose? Whose bike is this? It’s mine. Whose books are these? They're ours, Whose is this bike? Whose are these books? a © Who's (who is) does not have the same meanii 1g as whose (of who), butit has the same pronunciation. have got Jane has got a sports car Have you gota computer? ‘The meaning of have got (or have) depends on the context. Have you gota minute? (Lwantto talk to you.) Have you got apen? (Lwant to borrow it.) @ US and some GB speakers prefer have, Jane bas a sportscar, Doyou have a computer? 166tof). Unit 71 a) John’s gota problem. & b) Sarah’s gota brotheranda sister. . o) Li new bike. good idea £) David's got Clare’s number. 167Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. 3 Rewrite each sentence so thatit means the same as the first sentence, Use the word in bold. b) I 2 d) ) 2 h) d) fy 1 Practice Are these books (gours/your? s this her/hers house? This car is my/mine. This isn’t us/our suitcase. ‘Theit/Theirs bags are missing, Is that your/yours pullover? This is my/mine brother. ‘That bike is her/hers. Whose/Who’s bag is this? Iloveits/its colour! Do they own that big house? theirs _Asthat ig hese thers? Who owns this bike? whose These are my books. mine Does she own that boat? hers Do you owna compute got Isthat your dog! yours ‘We own these houses. ours This is her seat. hers This is their classroom, theirs Who does this CD belong to? whose 168Possessive apostrophe of Unit 72 John’s bike Possession 2: apostrophe, of own, belong We use an apostophe when we talk about things belonging to people Singular (3) ThisisJane'shouse. —‘That'smy friend's bike. Plurals (6’) These are the boys’ desks. ‘Two words with apostrophes together Ts that Ann’saunts car? = [s this the car that belongs to the aunt of Ann? Belonging to nwo people. This is Carol and Tony's house. Written notices, no apostrophe. Welcome to Wallsend Boys Club. Names ending ins. StJames’Park St, James's Park © Noapostrophe in front of the of plural words. © Noapostrophe in possessive pronouns yours, hers, its, ours, theirs ‘We can use of when we talk about things belonging to things. ‘The roof of the house was damaged. of is novalways necessary Tsazo this dress in the shop window. own and belong Town this bike. Do you own this bike? This bike belongs tome. Does this bike belong to you? LET'S GoTo MARINO'S!, 169Elementary Lang 4 Pucinany missing b) Davids sist apostrophes. In some sentences, no apostrophes 2 Male compound words. Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. 4 Completeeaeh sentence so thatit means the same as That's the first sentence, nage Practice a) Isthat book yours or Sams? As that beakyonrs.er. Sama. seats name is Syrup. ©} Have you met Pats brothers? d) Are those shoes hers? ©) These are the girls fathers. f) Those are the teachers cars. 8) These sandwiches are ours, not yours. h) My books are in my friends bag, ). Whose gloves are these? j) Thatis Jacks fachers bike. a), the window of the shop _ Aheshypseiaaon, b) the leg of the table stated peers ae c) thedoor of the car ) the playground of the school :) the wheel of the bicycle dodo ‘) the handle of the door a) Does this motorbike owndbelong) b) Does Tim own/belong this bike? °) d) Who's/Whose running shoes are these? ¢) Irs/Its not mine. )) Ann says this isn’t hers/her's g) Ivs/hts gor wo logs and wings. h) ‘The dog has lost it’/its ball. a) This desk belongs to jim, "This .dedint eo b) That belongs to her. oes this belong to you or him? Isthis ; aces 4d) Who does this ruler belong to? Whose iuenreseasicee ©) Do the empry seats belong to them? Arethe ae svimming pool f) We own thi 170Adjectives What's it like? Classes and nationalities Vorbs of sensation too and enough Unit 73 It’s a lovely day. Adjectives, nationalities She's Swiss. It’s too cold. It's not hot enough. Adjectives tell you more about the size, shape, colour ete. of nouns. ‘We put them before nouns. They do not have plural s or other changes. Itwasalovely day. These are tasty apples. He stall. She istall They ave tall When we use an adjective with a noun, the adjective must come before the noun. Look at mynewcoat! — Whatalovely hat! You lucky thing! anold man a young woman © [tis not possible to say: what a lovely, you lucky, an old, a young We use this question when we ask someone to give an opinion about, or describe, something or someone, We use the adjective in the answer. What's your teacher like? She’s fantastic! What'sJoe’shouselike? _‘It’senormous! Adjectives can become nouns ifwe add the. Groups of people theyoung —theold —therich the poor Te’sfantastic! Some nationalities the French the Chinese the Japanese the Portuguese the Swiss the British the English the Dutch the Irish the Spanish the Welsh the Danish ‘@ Some nationalities use noun plurals. the Italians the Turks the Greeks the Germans the Americans Adjectives with verbs of sensation: feel, look, taste, smelt, sound. This tastes good. feel ill. The washing-machine sounds terrible. Ie looks great. This cheese smells bad. Iefeels very soft We can’t swim. The water is too cold. We can'eswvim, The water is not cold enoughElementary Language Practice a Make questions with What... ike? 2 Putone word in each space, 3 Complete each sentence with 100 or enough sack like. cher? She's a v a). Whatyave My te nice person, b) ‘The end of the film? Wait and see! ©) My paren When you meet them, you can decide! d) .. a Scola ‘The weather in my country? Itrains alot e) . 7 sevevanen 2 My next door neighbours? They make alot of noise! f) an ee 2 Helen’s new boyfriend? I haven't met him yet, 8) one? ‘The city centre? There are some shops and a cinema, erase y classroom? Old and uncornfortablet The desks in a) Man, this tastes 9... How did you cook it? b) The ..come from Switzerland. 0) The snenmnsnuee sometimes fee ill and lonely. ) You 100K ssunnnese. Do you feel all right? ©) The... come from Japan. 8) The nr usually live in enormous houses. 8) The wnnenuenne Come from China. h) Your bike sound: -Isthere something wrong with it? i) The wos come from Turkey. j) The governmentis going to give more help to the. a) Lean’twork today. Its .ftcnnnue: hot! b) Fd liketo buy those shoes, but they are ©) Weneed another ladder. This one isn’t long are 4) Tcan’tdo this exercise because i wnomnnnmm difficult. €) Nobody bought my bike because it wa: old. 4) We had to change rooms because our 100m wasn tig, nsw ) John didn’t win the race because his car wasnt fast h) Don’tplay near the railway line. I's . dangerous. i) Pam couldn’t reach the top shelf because she wasn’t tall vanonewmnen }) Pmsorry, bur your work isn’t good expensive, 2More than one adjective Order of ¥xamples. Problems with adjectives Unit 74 Jong blonde hair, Order of adjectives. tired, tiring Problem adjectives “Pwo adjectives Jim bas become happy and rich ‘Three adjectives Jim has become happy, rich and famous. “There are four main groups of adjectives, numbered here L to 4 Position: 1 One or more of these types of adjective: t2Opinion 1bSize 1eAge —1dShape __IeTemperature beantifil large old round cold Position:2 Colours green, blue, ete Position:3 Material (whatitis made of) wooden, plastic, ec. Position: Purpose (whaticis for) a running shoe Position:5 Noun Je 3 4 5 An old, leather, football boot. (notice the use of commas) le 2 3 4 5 Some new, orange, lycra, cycling shorts fa 2 3 5 A beautiful, green, silk shire @ A word, usually a noun (e.g. football), can be used as an adjective. football boot tennis racket Similar forms in ~ed and -in; Lam tired. My work istiring, (It makes me tired.) bored interested excited worried —_ fascinated boring interesting exciting worrying fascinatingElementary Language Prac at a) shirt cotton new lovely ssloveberewecubten shiek Putthewordsin —_b) large wooden old a house order ©) apples large two green beautiful 4) film an new inter we-fietion ¢) green vase old abea 8) shorea coat red pla g) carpet a old beautiful blue h) puppy litdlea sweet black cin 2 a) aboot for playing football snes ferthall beet... Make more b) ashoe for running in ee 7 examples of ¢) aroad in the country compound words. d) astadium for athletics ©) acostume for swimming f) village ona mountain g) astudent at university hy abus or the school 3 a) Ithink this film is bering. Completeeach _b) Idon’tfind polities sentence witha) Walking makes met. wordendingin _d) This book is really e.einm -ed or -ing. ©) Kate is doing her exams and is w. aed A) Are yOU mre in basketball? 8) Dick always feels b... svoneus at the beach, h) Jane finds computers very C..unetssneumenn Three beautiful, old, Italian picture frames. ; | 14 ;Comparative adjectives Wegular adjectives ‘old for family members Unit 75 Lisa is older than Clara. Making comparisons 1: This game is more interesting. comparative adjectives ‘Comparatives compare two separate things. We use than with comparatives. Lisa is older than Clava. Paula isa faster swimmer than Jane. We use (just) as... as when the things compared are equal Harry is (just) as good as Jack. Harry is just) as good a player as jack. We use not as... as when we compare Cathy is not as good as Mary. Cathy isnot as good a player as Mary ings negatively We use more than and less than for longer adjectives This game is more interesting than the last one. I think this game is less interesting than that one. One syllable words add -erto the adjective. long = longer One syllable words ending with one consonant, double the final consonant. big + bigger Words ending in consonant +'changey to. dry + drier ‘Two or more syllables use more. modem — = moremoderm interesting —+ more interesting Adjectives ending in consonant +. happy -+ happier Some adjectives with wo syllables can be formed in either way healthy + healthier — more healthy Others include: quiet, tired and words ending -0%, -y5-le and -er good — better bad + worse little + less old + elder This is my elder sister.Elementary Language Practice a Look ateach picture and makea sentence. Use the comparative form of the adjective in brackets 1762 Write the sunparativ afeach adjective, 3 Pacone word in awh space. 4 Complete each smence so that it seas the same as the first sentenes Use a comparative ym of the udjective in invackees 5 Compare wo places that you lnow. Unit 75 a) big MAYBE csrssrerosens b) happy ; ©) beautifu d) angry ©) bad #) important a... g) dry h) good i) hot j) expensive 8) This book is better ff .u the other one. b) Jim is MOF rrsnennene tall as his sister ©) Idon’tlike running. It’s 4) This film is funnier the last one we saw. e) Do this exercise first. It’s . important. 4) These boots are cheaper the other ones g) Don’t worry! 105101 -nrnnuee, back as you think! h) This road is longer I thought teresting than swimming 2) Timis older than Sarah. (young) Sarah is .pmngee that Tit cannon b) Ourhouseis larger than yours. (small) Your house is €) Billisnotastall as David. (shore) Bills sonsn Lal 4) Jack’s marks are worse than mine. (good) My marks Jack's. 6} Thisbookis cheaper than that one. (expensive) That book is... ul f) Your bike is slower than mine. ( My bike...Meaning of comparatives and superlatives Superlative adjectives Exceptions Irregular superlatives Unit 76 She's the fastest runner in the world. _ Making comparisons 2: superlative adjectives Comparatives compare two separate things. She isa faster runner than John, Superlatives compare one thing in a group with all the other things in that group. She isthe fastest runner in the world. Add -est to the adjectiveand put the before the noun. This is the longest river in our country. Lam the greatest! Jong -+ longest big + biggest dry —» driest Adjectives with two or more syllables use most, modern = + most modern interesting + most interesting Adjectives ending in consonant +9. happy + happiest (NOT most happy) Some adjectives with two syllables can be formed in either way. common + commonest + most common Others include: quiet, tired and words ending -ow, ~y,-le and -er. good + best bad + worst litle + least old + oldest —_(for family members) 178 biA Look atthe Jwestions, rite the uuperlative form leach adjective, 3 Choose the vorrect word underlined in each sentence, a) Whois the tallest? Davetsthetalet.. b) Whois the shortest? : ©) Who is the eldest? d) Who isthe youngest? ¢) Who isthe heaviest? f) Whois the lightest? a) long. theleagest.. b) fie ¢) funny d) terrible ©) good f) bad 8) wide h) thick i) nasty j) strange a) Thisis the betrer/Ges) restaurant in the town, b) This castle is one of the older/oldest in Europe. ©) Your hotel is more/most comfortable than ours, 4) This is the worse/worst holiday Ihave ever had! ¢) Billis the richer/richest person in the world. 1) George is happier/happiest than he was. g) This film is more/most interesting than the last one. h) The blue coat is cheaper/cheapest than the others. 179a Purone word in each space same as the first sentence, Use the word in brackets. 3 Choose the correct word or phrase Unit 77 Consolidation 11 a) Excuse me, does this umbrella .Aeletifin.to you? b) Kate is sw tallest in the class. Sorry, but your work isn’t good ) Jane is older sarunnrnn Peter Kate hasn’t sun any money for the bus. My bike isn’t fastas yours bike is this? Is it Helen’s? Both stories are good, but think this one’s... than the other a) This pen belongs to me, hissy pet This pee iets, . b) Those bags belong to the students. (my) (mine) (their) (theirs) ) Tom owns that house. (Tom’s) (Tom) 4) That's Paul and Julie's baby (their) (theirs) ¢) Who owns this farm? (belong) (whose) dina... house. 1) country beautifulold 2) beautiful old country 3) old beautiful counts b) ‘Did you like the film?’ ‘No, I thought it was.. 1) boring 2) bores 3) bored ¢) Isyourfriend Tom.....? 1) England 2) anEnglish 3) English 4) Ann bought au skit 1) lovelyblue 2) bluelovely 3) blueand lovely ) Brian and Julia area 1) young couple married 2) young married couple 3) married young couple 1) Thisis...« school in the country. 1) abest 2) thebest 3) besta Kewrite each sentence so that it incans the same as the Lirst sentence. Use the word in held (sweet each ntence or \yuestion. Vhink about ! sapantar Unit77 a) My teaisn’t hot enough. cold AN tbee i8 £206 wreininenennenaninnaseny b) That film was great! what old d) Describe your brother, like ¢) This piece of string is too short. long f) [don’tfind sport interesting, interested a) ‘The girl’s birthday’ are on the same day. _ The gis. bicthelays arecns.the sane dy. b) Laurais not very interesting in football ©) Who's bags this: 4) Jocis taller that Harry, ¢) Which is the higher mountain in the world? £) This tea is not enough | g) Jane wore an old green beautiful dress. h) Isthis seat Sams’ or your 1 R 2. Revise the use of too and enongb. 3. Revise the position of apostrophes for possession and also in contractions. What mistakes do you usually make? the spelling of comparative adjectives. 181Types of adverbs Forming adverbs Position of adverbs Phrases deseribing place or manner Inregular adverbs Adverbs which look like adjectives Unit 78 quickly, fast Adverbs: formation and Jim runs quickly. position, irregular adverbs Can you speak more slowly, please? 1 often go swimming. Adverbs generally give us more information aboutan action and tell us how it was done. Jim wrote the letter quickly. Add-Ly to an adjective. Adjectives ending in ~y change it to-ily. Adjectives ending in-icadd -ally beautiful + beautifully + happily terrific + terrifically Adverbs usually come after the subject or after the object. Jim quickly wrote the letter. Jimis the subject.) Jim wrote the letter quickly. (The letter isthe object.) © Wecannot say: Jim wrote quickly the letter ‘When the verb does not havean without an object, the adverb goes after the verb. Tom runs quickly. ° ram quickly runs. Jim van up the stairs The adverb goes before the verb, or ater the phrase. Jim quickly ran up the stairs Jim ran up the stairs quickly adjective good adverb well adverb: My bike can go very fast. adverb: Helen works hard. © Foradverbs of frequency see Unit 2; for adverbs of time see Unit 20.1 Write the adverb lorm of each uljective, 2 Complete each ventenee with an rb from the 3 Rewrite each sentence. Use the word underlined tomakeanadverb, Unit 78 a) quick f) special b) fast 8) good <) wonderful h) slow d) bappy i) beautiful ©) bad 3) sad e completely freshly frequently greatly sicerely specially unbelievably well a) All che food in our restaurantis......,tashly.... prepared. b) Tam grateful for your help, c) The head teacher was, loved by the whole school d) Lidia passed the test becaus sun prepared. ¢) Thisisa .. made piece of jewellery f) Wemadethis cake for you. g) The game is n0t svnnnnens finished yet. h) Buckingham Palace is one of London's i) Ibis suse hot today for December! j). Graham and Jane are a..... married couple, was a) Jimisa good worker fies works.wel, b) Annis wonderful dancer ) David isaslow speaker. d) Carolis an accurade writer. ) Tina is a bad singer. f) Alan isan excellent cook. g) Kate isa careful driver hh) Samisa secret smoker. i} Ruth is a fast runner j). Pablo isa skilful painter 183it, its and it’s there, they there Is/are it is/they are Expressions with it Unit 79 it, there Subjects Subject or object pronoun Testopshere. Do you like it? Possessive form of it Look at its beautiful eyes! Contracted form of itis or it has Msontheshelf, Its got six legs Nisontheshelf. Ie bas got six legs Pronoun for something that exists There isa strange dog in the garden 1 brought their car of they are are my gloves They're on theseat.’ Saying that something exists There's aspider in the bath. There are lots of trees in your street Something already mentioned There’sa spider in the ba There are lots of trees in It’s not very big. ur street. They're beautifull It’s raining. It’scold/hot/sunny. Weal ly day, Ie’s half past rwo. It’s lovely to be here It’sa good idea to arri Other tenses ar Iwas three Expressions with there 134 It’s late. v's pity about the It doesn’t matter. Itdidn’t matter. Ther ’sa bus-stop near ba Choose the correct word underlined in cach sentence. 2 Complete each sentence with it, its, it’s, there, their or they're 3 Put one word in each space, 4 Rewrite each sentence so thatit means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in bold Unit 79 a) 1s@hgw@Vtheir/they’re any milk left? b) Ohno! Lr’s/Its snowing again. ¢) Timand Jean have lost there/their/they’re tickets. d) We're nearly at the cinema. It’s/Its not far. Phere/Their/They’se arc lots of people here today. 4) Thisisn’t your bag. I think its/its Tom's g) Most of my friends say there/theis/they’re happy. hh) The dog hure is/its leg so we took itto the vet i) When chece/theis/they’re letter arrives, can you tell me what they say? j)_ I'm sorry, ivslits too late to go out now. a) The others are outside. ..7Agv..... waiting for us. b) The school has invited all. old pupils to party. c) What an awful day! ww raining again! d) doesn’t matter about money. You can pay me back later: ° is no way I can get to school before 8.30. £) Some people lose keys very easily! 8 alovely day today h) Hike your new shoes, i) Kate stopped and listenee. very fashionable! was something wrong! i) pity about John’s accident. a). wasn'ta good idea to ring the doorbell. b) A any good restaurants in this tows ©) 8 vssssnssnn any cheese in that sandwich? d) Has anyone forgotten srwsmnm homework? °) ‘was a pity that we missed the beginning of the film. hls _ cinema near here, please? g) Isthacan Indian elephant? sononsnnu has got very small ears. 1) The dog has left .nsnnn bone in my bed again! A} [5 ssnnnsnan any chance of meeting David tonight? jf) -nssosenene Was snowing when we arrived. a) Today is alovely day. it’s sneee lb BARY AGMA, so osssree b) Thisboxhas gotapplesinit. are peti ©) Rain isfalling. it’s d) Nevermind matter ©) Whatapity aboutJack’sillness. it’s f) Acatisin the garden. there'shave Auxiliary Past Main verb Past negatives and questions Examples have got Unit 80 have, have got, get Problern verbs We can use have as an auxiliary or ‘helping’ verb and asa main verb. Auxiliary Ihave catena pizza. ‘Main Carlos has anew bike. Present Statements Negative Iyoufweltheyhave Ihave not/haven't he/shelit has he bas not/basn’t had (all persons) Thad notihadn’t Same as the auxiliary but with some differences. Present negatives and questions I don’t have DoT have? he/sbelit doesn't have Does he have? Ididn't have Did Ihave? Auxiliary Has Jim written his letters? Main verb Do you havea sister? The past form of have gorishad. Ann has got a new can. Has Ann got anew car? Ann hasn't got a new car. Pastforms do not use gor. Ann had a car when she was a student Did Ann havea car? Ann didn't havea can © US prefer have, 186 Questions Have I? Has he? Had I? neget a Make questions or negatives. Get has a number of different meanings in everyday use. Can you get me some mille at the shops? I got a letter this moming Are you getting tired? How mach do you get? When did you get here? Tiljust go.and get my coat. How far have you got? (buy) (received) (becoming) ARE YOU GETTING TIRED? (earn) (arrive) (collect) (reached) © Wedo not usually use get in writing or formal speech. a) Janchas gota new car. b) T’ve goca stamp, ¢) Jimhada cold last week. d) We've gota problem. 2) Youhave a test roday. f) Paul has asister. g) You've gota chance. h) Wehave roast beef. i) They had agood time. j) Ann’s gota dog. (question) (negative) (question) (question) (negative) (question) (negative) (negative) (question) (negative) Has ane gotancwsar?,Elementary Language Practice 2 Put each sentence or question into the past tense 3 Rewrite each sentence or question with a form of get. 4 Replace the words underlined witha verb from the box. 2) T've gotacat Shad a.cat, b) Have you gota bike? ©) Jimhasn’t got any time. 4) David's goran exam, ©) Wehaver't gota house. f) Has'Tina gotacold? 8) You haven't gota chance! h) We've gotan idea a) It's becoming warmer, lbgebling warns... : b) Are you going to buy a paper? ©) What time did you arrive there? 4) Did you receive my e-mail? ©) Can you collect my parcel for me? 4) When did you reach home? 8) Kate earns alot of money. artivein become buy collect ean have reach receive a) When you getto.....t#atd...... the end of the book, you know who the murderer is, b) How much do you get. in your new job? ©) Do youget nm your milk delivered? A) Did you get worsen any letters this morning? ©} Could you get me some stamps when you go shopping? 1) Pat your coat an, You don’t want to yet cold. 8) Have 00 get nee ny trousers from the cleaner’s today. hy) Whattime do we getty. verse London?ie make and do Expressions Ho/come +-ing Phrasal verbs Unit 81 make, do, Problem verbs go swimming, — Phrasal verbs getup We do an action. We make something that was not there before. do your work/bomework makea cake do the cookinglironing, etc. make a mistake do your hairfreeth, etc make a noise do nothing makea cup of tea/coffee do exercises make an offer What do you do? (What's your job?) How do youdo? —_(agreeting: the reply is How do you do?) 10 go/come shopping t0.go/come sailing t0 go/come skating 10 go/come fishing 10 go/come skiing to go/come swimming @ Wecannot say: 10 go/come playing football Examples with two words: ‘get up (in the morning) =leave your bed look up (aword inthedictionary) = try to find fillin (a form) = write the details on ‘goon (doing something) = continue Examples with three words: get on (well) with (someone) = have good relations with Took forward to (something) = think you will enjoy ranout of (something) =haveno more of @ Always check in a dictionary when you come across (meet) a new example, 189Elementary Language Practice a Complete each sentence with a suitable form of make or do. 2 Complete each sentence witha suitable form of go or come. More than one answer may be possible b) °) d) 8) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9% 10) Waita minute, I’m ..ing.... my hair at the moment Please don’t rnnnea- 80 much noise! My father... most of the cooking in our house. Ob dear, I think Pv¢ .snsnmnne a mistake, Are you going to... Michaela birthday cake? We sat in the room for ages and just ..nothing They «nnn Harry an offer which he couldn’trefuse. Don’t forget t0 .mmueus Your homework before you go out. When you have Could you... this exercise, try the next one meacup of coffee? Pat and Sam.....#t... shopping in New York last month. Do you want to swimming with us tomorrow? Jimlikes.. fishing with his friends. My brother wnsnnnon tO my house yesterday. Kate usuall skiing in Switzerland, We're sailing tomorrow. Do you want to come? 1 sed £0 s..ss:sne Swimming a lot, but I stopped, Mary loves shopping with her sister: 1 Keating, last year for the first time Do you feel like fishing tomorrow? J vied to find the word in adietionary, 2. Thave good relations with my neighbours. I didn't get out of bed until after midday. I wrote down all my personal details on the form, he teacherasked me to stop talking, but I didn’. I think I’m going to enjoy my holiday. Thaven’t got any more food. P'm very similar to my father Ispent my childhood near London, I've stopped eating sweets. Lilled itn, Ttake after him. I get on well with them ve given them up. I'm looking forward to it, T’ve run out. Looked it up. Iwent on talking. I grew up there. Tgot up late.Unit 82 He apologized for being late. Verbs with prepositions, Do you fancy going to the cinema? _gerund or infinitive Joe refused to sit down. Verbs followed — About byprepositions — dream ‘I dreams about Switzerland last night. know Do you knowa lot about physics? talk What are you talking about? At look Look at these lovely flowers. For apologize Tapologize for being late. pay Tim paid for my ticket, wait Pllwait for you outside. In believe Do you believe in ghosts? To belong Does this belong to you? explain Could you explain something to me please? lend Kate lent her pen to me. listen You've not listening to me! talk Jill coas talking to her sister. Verbs followed Examples: dislike, enjoy, fancy, can’t stand by verbal noun I dislike getting up early. ingor noun Pat enjoys using a computer. Do you fancy going to the cinema? I can’tstand travelling by bus. Verbs followed Examples: ask, choose, help, manage, offer, refuse, want hy infinitive + to I chose to walk to the station. Sue asked usto wait. Jack helped me (to) do my homework. I managed to find taxi. Helen offered to help me. Joe refused to sit down. Paula wanted to go hore. 191Elementary Language Practice 1 Pucone word in cach space, 2 Complete each sentence with a verb from the box. 3 Complete each sentence so thavit means the same as the first sentence. a) P’ve lost my wallet, so I can’t pay .. Mt. b) Doyou. ‘going to the cinema this evening? ©) Whatdo you. about the Eiffel Tower? 4) Alan doesn’t .nndmnnnast0 get up before midday ©) Youdon’t really swunein ghosts, do you? 4) really dislike... homework! g) The customer didn’t like the meal, and ww t0 pay, h) Could you lend a pen rune Jin? He’s lost his. i) Do these books belong .sensuennne YOU? j) Imust apologize . late. Pm very sorry. omy ticket sone bein apologize can'tstand choose enjoy Ha lend listen manage refuse wait a) Students who do NOt ra AB BMG nnn t0 finish now, can come back later b) Jam cnn _w-doing the washing-up. c) Tedrivers.. ss» t0 Stop, the police arrest them, ) Lec for damaging your bike. €) Do think you could wusunneemnnn for me outside? f) Did you . to the football match on the radio? 8) Tdon’rreally soncum . working at weekends. bh) Annand Pat csenner - alotabout wild life, i) Timusedto.. mesa: his calculator to his friends i) Some seudents san .-to study Spanish instead of French, a) Jim said that he would pay for my ticket. Jim offered ... Aeeqy feciny. ticket. b) Thorrowed Helen’s camera Helen lent... vs sees ee ©) Could you give me an explanation of th COUM ern : = ime? 4d) “Please wait, the teacher asked us. The teacher asked US sassussnsemseuneeee ©) Youwerc in my dreams last night. Treat wenn Fire £) Carol would like to go to the cinema tonight. Carol Wants sennnnn 8) Ann wants to goto the park. Ann fancies... h) Is this pencil yours? D065 wns 192Unit 83 Sam was late for school, _Be with adjectives and prepositions be+ adjective About followed by a excited We were all excited about the match. preposition about You were right about it sorry I'm sorry about that. At bad Sorry, I'm bad at adding up! good Billis really good at cooking. For famous Our country is famous for its mountains. ae late Sam was late for school yesterday. | ready Are you ready for your lunch? Fr | different This house is different from oxrs. In interested Are you interested in computers? of afraid Michael is afraid of spiders frightened Lisa frightened of the dark. fal My sleeping bag is full ofants! tired I'm tired of the same old things! On ‘keen Tm not very keen on fried food. To married Ellen is married to Jack. With angrylannoyed Pm really angry/annoyed with you. bored We're bored with this film. pleased Kate’s teacher is pleased with her Most adjectives in the list have different meanings with other prepositions. Check in a dictionary. 193Elementary Language Practice a Choose the correct word underlined. 2 Put one word in each space, 3 Rewrite each sentence so thatit means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in bold. a) b) °) d) °) i) 8) hh) °) d) e) Brazil is famous(opVin its beautiful beaches. T’mnot very good for/at maths. Your computer is diffe: Kateis afraid of/for mice My teacher was very pleased with/to me. Helen was very excited for/about her prize. Peter isn’t very keen on/for playing golf. My townis famous for/with its soap factory Why are you so angry for/with me? Is your brother interested in/to football? int from/with mine. Are you ...tédy.... for bed yet? It’s very late. Stop shouting! Why are you Joe’s school bagis of dirty pieces of paper! vith me? rm. of doing the same old things every day! Dianais nnn at physies and always gets top marks. Paula has decided to get married the boy next door. You Wete wnmmnnew about my wallet, Itwas on my desk, as you said. Lots of people I know are of the dark Pim not Very snnnsne: On Chinese food. Cliveis really ...nm-m» With his new bike. He says it’s great. George arrived at school late. for _ Geary ltefre 8h ensnesonse vying at home boring. Ann and Chris are married. to apologize for my behaviour about Joaquim isa very good cyclist. at Do you find history interesting?Choose the correct word ot phrase. 2 Complete each sentence with an adverb from the box: 3 Put one wort cach space. Unit 84 Consolidation 12 a) Ilike your new bike. .2. really fast! Its 2) Ie’s 3) It b) Ohnol.....ahuge traffic jam! 1) There's 2) Its 3) Ithas ©) ssues Seems to be something wrong with my camera. 1) It 2) There 3) It's d) Hurry upt.... half past seven already. 1) There’s 2) Its 3) I's ¢) Tina’s houses very large... got six bedrooms 1) Itis 2) Thereis 3) Ithas ) no doubt about it. Helen is the winner! 1) There's 2) It’s 3) Tt 3) Someone hss left... watch in the classroom, 1) there 2) their 3) they're h) You can phone from here. ...a phonein the corridor 1) Iehas 2) There's. 3) Ie’s badly carelessly hard loudly politely quickly secretly well a) [slept westerns thank you, b) Deborah studied... forher exams ©) Paul did his homework .. €) Mary took the money srninnsneninnnns @) Harry dr0V€ roncnnnrnnen f0 the hospital. f) David always behaves... g) Ann shouted h) Sarah speaks French. a) The police told Jim to stop, but he........x¢fieed.......to obey them. b) Nobody... someone 80'Timn when he starts talking ) Tdon’t : «in magic and ghosts and things like that, d) Jancis very. an With her new cat: She likes ita lot. e) Luckily, when it started raining we snnane a place t0 wait 4) Susanis really .. at making clothes. g) Al ory or archaeology? h) Lizisn’tvery... .-on fish, She prefers meat YOU sa 195Elementary Language Practice 4 Rewrite cach sentence so thatit ‘means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in bold. 5 Putone word in each space. Correct each sentence or question. Think about grammar! a) Birds frighten Ana, of udu fightened ied. b) Tina arrived at school late yesterday. for c) ['msorry I missed you. apologize d) Harry finds his lessons boring, is ) Tdon'tlike getting up early. stand £) There are lots of people in the cinema. full a) Paula ..weut.... swimming yesterday afternoon, b) Why don’t you look «1mm the word in your dictionary? ©) Treally hate up early. 4) Dm looking ... rn. to going on holiday. e) Are you interested ..j..en computers? A) Tthink We've ven OUC Of milk 8) Have Lseronen any mistakes? h) Do you fancy ssn to the theatre? 2) It’stime to make your homework, Mtn tadeyour homework. b) Tim worked very hardly for his exams. ©) Helen getups at 7.30 every day 4) Tea strange dog in our garden. e) David wanted going home. £) Do you know a lot for physics? g) Does Bill gota brother? hh) Would you like to come for shopping? Revise the way we use adjectives and adverbs. Revise adverbs which do notend in -L Revise the uses of have got and get. Check new verbs in your dictionary. Make sure you know if they are followed by the infinitive, the gerund (-ing) or a preposition. 196Basic punetuation Apostrophes (') Unit 85 Punctuation Punctuation helps the reader understand what we write, and isan important part of writing @ Fullstop() Atthe end of a sentence, Inabbreviations eg. ete Full stops are often left out in Mr and M © Comma () Lists [bought a pen, some paper and an eraser Afeer lunch we played football, had « picnic, and danced. "The last two items axe only separated by a comma when they are long. Openings ‘After some words or phrases at the beginning of sentence. First of all, Ido not agree with this Commas do not join sentences. Two girls came into the room. They were carrying chairs. Two girls carrying chairs came into the room, ‘We cannot write: Tivo girls came into the room, they were carrying chairs @ Question mark?) After questions What's your name? @ Exclamation mark (!) Tn informal writing Helen has won first prize! © Possessive apostrophe (’) This is Jane’s house, That’sa boy’s bike. These are the boys’ desks @ See Unit 72, 197 ee J1 Tick the sentence with the correct punctuation, ementary Language Practice © iv’sand its The possessive form of itis its I like its colour I’sis the contracted form of itis or it has Ir’sa lovely day! In’srained three times this week. © Apostrophe with o” clock Ie'ssixo° clock. It’s nine o’ clock, a) 1) Haveyouseen my pen, I’m looking for it? 2) Have you seen my pen I’m looking for it? 3) Have you seen my pen? P’mlooking forit. 7 b) 1) Webought some oranges some apples and, a loaf 2) We bought some oranges, some apples and a loaf. 3) Webought, some oranges, some apples, and a loaf. ©) 1) What's the matter? with your bike, is it broken? 2) What's the matter? with your bike? Is it broken? §) What's the matter with your bike? Is it broken? ) 1) ‘Two boys in football kit ran across the playground. 2) »y4, in football kit, ran, across the playground. s) vy in football kit ran, across the playground. 01) wi this steeet turn left and then cross the road. 2) Godown this street, turn left, and then cross the road. 3) Godown, this street, turn left, and then, cross the road, {) 1) Look out! You'll fall off the bus if you’re not careful. 2) Look out? You'll fall off the bus if, you're not careful 3) Look out you'll fall off the bus, if you're not careful! g) 1) Firstofall I think, this idea is wrong. 2) First ofall, think, this idea is wrong 3) First of all, think this ideais wrong. h) 1) If, were you, I'd go to bed earlier: 2) IfTwere you, I'd go to bed earlier. 3) If were you'd go, to bed earlier. 1982 Putin apostrophes where necessary. 3 Rewrite each sentence or question putting in punctuation and apostrophes where necessary. 4 Patin punctuation where necessary. b) Ive decided to buy Jims old boots Unit 85 4) Tes six o clock. lis time for the news. bis elec, A kee forthe eH, 6) My sistersare going co Janes part @) Lthink the dogs hurtone of its legs. hh) Wheres Helens brothers bike? a) Whats the matter with Mrs Smiths dog thats theraattec with Aes Snsith’. deg? oe Carols got two brothers a sister and three cousins «@) Dont worry The boys will borrow their fiends bikes {) Theres something wrong with Anns car ) Have you seen the swimming pool Is fantastic hy) Is eight o clock Its time for the bus Dear Miss Green Im writing to you to tell you that Steven isnt coming to school today because hes not feeling very well Hell be in class again on Friday morning If youd like to talk to me you can call me at home When is the last day of term Best wishes John Roberts 199How to improve your spelling Adding -ing to verbs Words onding In ful ie or ei? Commonly misspelled words 4 Unit 86 Spelling — Rules, problems Always use dictionary to check the spelling of new words. Use the spelling of other words you know to help you. Make lists of the words you usually spell wrongly. Read as much as possible ~ this will give you more experience of the way words are spel One syllable w double the la swim + swimming led. t consonant, rds which end in one vowel (a,e,i,0,#) and one consonant put + putting Compare these words which do not double the consonant: shoot + shi joting life lifting Two syllable words which end in one vowel and one consonant double the last consonant when the stress is on the second syllable. begin =» beginning onder =» wondering th with the str control —» controlling ‘ess on the first syllable: veaten + threatening Lxceptions to this rule in British English are verbs ending in 1. travel = travelling — cancel + cancelling Words which end in one vowel, one consonant and e drop the finale. write + writing The suffix -ful has beautiful When -ly beantif only one -L successfid successfully drive —+ driving \dded for adverbs, the /is doubled, There is a useful rule: / before except after ¢ when the sound is fi field niece accommodation address advertisement almost answer argument beautiful beginning but receive receipt believe biscuit careful chocolate diary different disappear disappointed 200 Seing of pell the relast 4 Make new words. Use-ing, fll or ty, 2 Choose the vorrect word, underlined, 3 Thereisone spelling ervor in vach sentence, Correct the word, 4 (choose the eorrect word underlined. 5 Makea list of words you usually ell wrongly. Unit 66 a) swimting chee b) write +ing ©) begin +ing 4) decide + ing ©) goring 1) beauty +fial g) success + fie! h) wonder-+ ful ’) careful + ly i) happy +b, a) Would you like some choclare/(@hacolatg)? b) Tes areally beautiful/beatiful day today. c) Gerry awnsered/answered all the questions. d) Could you give me your adress/address? ¢) We're looking for accommodation/acommadation. #) We missed the begining/beginning of the film. g) We were almost/allmost late for the concert. h) Helen was very dissapointed/disappointed when she failed the exam. a) Idon’t beleive that aliens have ever visited our planet. abel. bb) Mary writes in her secret dairy every nigh. ©) Would you likea chocolate buiscit? They're very tasty. d) Putyour books in the cuboard at the end of the lesson. ¢) Helen is still changeing her clothes. £) George and I go to diferent schools 8) This swimming pool is deepper than the other one. h) When I cut myself, there was alot of blud on the floor! a) Suddenly the glass of water @isappeared\/dissappeared! b) I'm sorry, but I just can’t believe/beleive your lies. ©) Hasry gets really angry/angery sometimes. 4) Ilike the television advertisment/advertisement for Choco-Bars. ©) Mandy and her sister belong to diferrent/different sports clubs f) An apple/appel a day keeps the doctor away. g) How many people are coming/comeing to your party? h) Tom’s plane arives/azrives at 6.30. 201Words with the same pronunciation qandu Words with a syllable which is not pronounced Nouns and verbs with cand s Commonly misspelled words 2 Unit 87 Spelling 2 Same pronunciation, different spelling ‘There are many words with che same pronunciation, but different spelling and different meanings. Check the meanings of these words. brake break hour our know no meat meet ; past passed piece peace : right ‘write see sea i some sum son sun ' steal steel there their j whose who's won one : week weak wood — would i wear where ; Theletter gis always followed by u. question squid acquire Some words appear to have more syllables than they actually have when pronounced. Examples which are often spelled wrongly: temperature library Wednesday vegetable interesting comfortable Noun advice practice licence Verb advise practise license discuss frit doctor half February hundred foreign immediately fortunately independent forty know friend laugh 202and 1 Choose the orvect word wunderlined. 2 There is one, polling ereorin sach sentence. Correct the word. 3 Choose the correct word iinderlined. 4 Makeallistof words you usually spell wrongly. Unit 87 2) George left at the end of Febraan)/Febuary. +b) Tim invited all his freinds/friends to his party. ©) Hurry up! Irs half past eight/eigeh. 4d) There were over three hunndred/bundred people at the concert. ©) Wesat around the table and discussed/discused the problem. f) More than harf/half the students passed the exam. 8) The Little Princess used to be my favourite/faverite book h) Don’t dropp/drop that vase, It will break! i) Please bring me my lunch immediatly/immediately. j) Helen wants to leave home and be independent/independant. a) More than fourty people needed accommodation, sn fBOB b) Helen knows more than ten forcin languages. : co) Wehad alight lunch of friut and salad d) Tim crashed into tee, but fortunacly he wasn’t injured. ¢) Can I have something to eat? I’m really hungeey. {) All Tina’s friends visited her in hospictal when she was il g) Makea gess if you don’t know the answer. : h) We really enjoied ourselves at the party last night. ’) Tf your shoes are derty, take them off at the door }) Lermeintroduce you to the other members of my familly, essen a) Our team ha: ‘one the school swimming competition b) Could you go ta the butcher's and buy some meat/mect? ©) Jimis MrBrown’s son/sun. 4) Pd like to play football, but I feel really weak/weeks. ¢) Joe and Dave were/where on opposite teams in the football match. 4) Sorry, I don’t know/no the answer to that question. ) Mary saw the old man steal/steel the box of biscuits. h) Don’t forgecto right/write mea letter. i) Excuse me. Who’s/Whose bags are these? j) Melanie was happy when she passed/past her driving test. 203Unit 88 British and American spelling Spelling 3 There are many differences between British and American spelling, British cheque (bank) colour American color dialog jewelry practice program theater Commonly library said village misspelled minute science Wednesday words 3 mountain shou where necessary success ich neighbour swimming wonderful receive tomorrow remember uncomfortable right EXCUSE ME, SIR. How Do You Took Make alistof your own spelling problems.1 Choose the worrect word underlined. 2 There is one spelling error in 3 There are two. spelling errors in cach sentence. Correct both words. a) Have you been co the(ibraryibary? b) Pll see you on Wensday/Wednesday. c) Isitreally neccessarv/necessary to do this? 4) This new chair is really very uncomfortable/uncomftable €) Helen has decided to become a sceintist/scientist. {) Witeh/Which one of you is Mrs Henley? g) We had a wonderfull/svonderful time at the folk music festival h) WillJack be here tommoxrow/tomoxow? i) What do you think of our new neig! ars{neibours? j) Paula had a lovely holiday in the mountins/mountains. a) Idon’t think you shoud do so much unnecessary work. 1b) We discussed the possibility of going swiming tomorrow. ©) Ifyou feel uncomftable, why don’t you try this armchair. d) Thaven’t writen to my aunt to thank her for her ¢) Ibecamea succesful businessman after studying economics. witation, £) Idon’t really unnderstand why this is wrong. g) Ron has to complete his writeing before Wednesday. h) Where have you bean? I’ve been looking for you all day. i) What's che mater with your neighbour's little dog? j) ‘Tony has started puting on weight, so heis going ona diet. a) Lreceived three leters this morning but I haven’t writen any. letters... vamittea, b) We're leaveing early in the morning, so set the alarme clock, ©) We're gocing on holliday to France with some old friends. ©) While we were chooseing our meal, the waite 4) Did you rember to do your sience homework on Wednesday? brougth some waren, 4) Helen offen goes runing in the park for exercise. ) I'm writting a letcer co my penfreind with all my news h) Thad a wonderfull journy to che mountains with my friends. i) Tewas a beautifull day so we deccided to go swimming, 205 j) The first astronauts succesfully landded on the moon in 1969.1 Add a prefix from the box to the underlined word. You can usea prefix more than once, 2 Adda suffix from. the boxto the underlined word. Use each suffix once only. Unit 89 Word formation and collocation _ Prefixes, suffixes, phrasal verbs, compound words Prefixes A prefix goes at the front of a word to makea new word interesting uninteresting like dislike a) Tean’tanswer this question. Iv’ possible. b) Kate started crying because she was $0 «happy. ¢) Paul never waits in queues. He is too .....patient. d) Swealing other people’s pensis....honest! ©) Anillion pounds was given to the hospital by a/an.....known person. f) When you....write this, make it abit shorter. 8) Mary was wearing a/an....usual hat, shaped like a giant flower b) Idon'cthink you are right. [....agree completely. Suffixes A suffix goes atthe end of a word to make anew word danger dangerous care careful -ing -ed -ance -ful -able -ly -ous -er a) Don't stand near the water! It’s dangers. You might fall in! b) ‘Thank you for your advice. You have been very help. c) Our new science teach....... is very young, d) Harry didn't think the book was very interest. e) Tdon'tlike this fish. Ir’s not very well cook., £) like this town. The people are very friend. 8) Ifyou havea haircut, it will change your appea h) That wasa great film! Iewas really enjoy. 206 | Fe ee ealSee bs, 3 Complete each part sentence) to i) with one of the endings 1) to 10). 4 Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. Unit 89 Phrasal verbs (See Unit 81) Phrasal verbs ean be difficult to remember: Iisa good idea to keep a record of all the new phrasal verbs you see. a) When little Johnny grows. b) Don’t forget to turn... c) CanTtry 4) Mary always takes wovr e) What time do you usually get woo 4) Jimis really looking g) Tfyoudon’t know a word, look it fh) Will you look on i) The plane took i) Could you fill 1) off more than two hours late. 2) after my cat while 'm away? 3) forward to his holiday in Spain, 4) up at the weekend? 5) inthis application form, please? 6) up, he wants to bea pilot. 7) off the lights when you leave. 8) on these trousers please? 9) partin class activities. 10) up ina good dictionary. | Prepositions after adjectives and verbs (See Units 82 and 83) Using prepositions correctly can be difficult. Try making a listof the prepositions which are used differenely in your language. a) Do you believe fordin) ghosts? b) Daveis very good at/for tennis. ©) What’ the difference of/between these two words? d) Mr Smith is very different of/from the rest of our teachers. ©) Pm not very keen on/at outdoor sports. £) Carol spent alot of money on/fora new car. g) Peterisn’t very interested in/of basketball. 1) Bill likes listening to/at music late at night. 207Elementary Language Practice 5 Makea compound word from two words in the box. Then complete each sentence. 6 Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. Compound words ‘We can make new words by joining words. bath + room = bathr car-+ park = carpark accarpark bath bike book coat home line motor case room sea shop side work suit rain under a) Timisin the .Aatheav.. having ashower. b) ‘The weather is really bad, so take your umbrella and wear a ©) Ourteacher didn’t give u 4) Peter packed his... ¢) Wewent on holiday to the... f) Lwenttothe 2) Jane decided to... h) Kate got on her. .- today, and left the hotel and swam every day. new dietionary. «important words with a red pen and rode quicldy away. have, make, do, take, go a) Would you like to @SYhave/make for a walk later? b) Martin said he couldn’t come and did/made/took an exeuse. ©) Sue did/made/took friends with the family next door, 4d) I'm going to have/make/go a bath now. ©) Did you do/go/make shopping yesterday? f) Let's do/make/take some photos of the g) [think I'vedone/made/taken a mistake. h) What time are we doing/having/takiny: lunch? 2084 Tick the sentence with the correct punctuation and apostrophes, 2 There are two. spelling errorsin ach sentence. Correct both words. ) ) This ones yours but whos got theirs? 3) This one’s yours, but who's gor theirs? 7 1) We got up late, had lunch, and watched television. 2) Wegot up, late had lune’, and watched television, 3) We got up late, had lunch and watched, television, ©} 1) Whats the matter with David's bike? 2) What's the matter with David's bike? 3) What's the matters, with David's bike? 4) 1) Atthe end of the film, we found the boys’ coats under the seats. 2) Acthe end, of the film, we found the boys’ coav’s under the seats, 3) Atthe end of the film we found, the boys coats under the seats’. ¢) 1) IfTwere you, I'd scop using yours and try hers’. 2) [fl were you, I'd stop using your’s and try hers. 3) [FL were you, I'd stop using yours and try hers, f) 1) Jack’s brother’s name’s Paul, isn't it? 2) Jack’s brothers’ name’s Paul, isne it? 3) Jack’s brother’s, names Paul is’ it? 8) 1) Hany letter’s come here, ll bring them, to Sam’s house, 2) Ifany letters come here, I'll bring them to Sams’s house. 3) Hany letters come here, I'll bring them to Sam’s house. bh) 1) Godown, this rond, turn left, ae the end, and then tura right, 2) Go down this road, turn leftat the end, and then turn right. 3) Go down this road, turn left, atthe end, and then turn right. 4) Tewasa lovly afternoon, so we decided to spend the day at the beech. i beach b) The holiday was so succesful that we plan to go agian next summer. c) [have seen an advertisment for some holiday accomodation in the countryside. d) This answer isn’t quite write. I believe it should be diferent. ¢) Last Febuary Thad a wonderful time staying in my friend’s vilage. f) My advise would he to discuss the problem with you're doctor 209Elementary Language Practice 3 ‘These sentences all have spelling errors, Rewrite each sentence correctly, 4 Putone word in each space to complete the phrasal verb. 5 Complete each sentence witha word made from the word in brackets. Think about grammar! a) Iwas very dissapointed when I couldn’tawnser the questions Aiwas.veryaisapontiated when Lcoulda answer ts ©) Are you comeing with us to the cinema tommorow? f) Doyoubeleive that people can travel through time? fe. h) Oh bother! I've forgoten my keays. I'l have to go back, and seeing wild animals, i) Carol likes walking in the countrey j) Which is your faverite avertisement on television? Td like t0 try thn. these shoes, please. ‘Tom grew... in France. Mary is looking sou to her party. Why don’tyou look the word .. in the dictionary? Jack is still in bed, He hasn't g0t esnnomne YO > ‘What time does our plane take wn g) Anna looked ..nrmmes her dog for an hour, but couldn’t find it. h) Ican’t see, Can you turn she light? a) Ifthe word is important, (line) ..wdlerling... it b) Thank you for inviting me. Ie was an (cnjoy) svn ©) Lenjoyed this programme, It was really (interest) vionennennns 4) Harry was (honest) ,and stole his friend’s money. ¢) Thank you very much, You've been very (help) £) We've decided to spend ewo weeks at the (968) ss this year g) Mary cried all night, and felt very (happy). h) David couldn’t waitin the queue. He was tao (patient) i) You can buy cheap books from that (book) i) Don’t touch the lion! That's (danger) evening. 1 Punctuation study some of the punct isthebest way to learn about punctuation no jon in astory. Reading widely 2. Spelling make alist of your personal spelling problems, Suudy your lise 4 Cho cont phe o co4 Choose the correct word or phrase underlined ineach question. 2 Match the questions in exercise 1 with these answers. 3 Choose the correct word. Vocabulary 1 Personal details a) Chars yournams/Whatdo you call? b) V/age are you? c) Where do you stay/live? d) What's your house/address? e) Which country do you comedlive from? f) What's your date of bisthday/birth? g) How long do you want to stay/pass here? h) Have you got awork/job? od, 1) 1146, Black Lion Drive 2) Three weeks 3) Pmanineteen. 4) In Los Angeles 5) No, I’ma student. 6) ‘The United States 7) Ann-Marie Davis 8) 3 November, 1980 a) What's Tim like? He's fall... 1) high 2) all b) Ann som BlaS5e8- 1) carries 2) wei ¢) Jane's only nine. She's. 1) young 2) new d) Can you Peter? 1) describe 2) appear ¢) How many brothers and sisters . 1) do 2) have {) Areyou soa? 1) astudent — 2) student g) Where do you snnnnnnn from? 1) artive 2) come h) What colour His 2 i) Are you .. or single? 1) doubled 2) married pL __ sixteen years old, 1) have 2) am .. you got? your hair?Complete each tence with a word from the box. 1 Study the family tree then answer the questions, age Practice boy children family a) Ourteacheris b) Is Helen your... fin ©) Who is that nnn? Isit George? d) Has Jean gotany.... : e) How many people are there i f) Doyouknow that.. g) Now that I’m thirteen, Pm a wn h) [don’t come from this country. I'ma all. AAPM. nse called Mrs Green, 2 Family matters ALAN MARY are Jack and Jane’s childre «Fenn, Billand Sue. b) Who are Tom, Bill and Sue’s parents? ©) WhoareJacka 4) Whois Jack and Jane’s daughter? ©) Whois Tom’s brother? f) Whois‘Tom and Bill’s sister? ) Whois Sue’s husband? h) Who is Jack’s wife? Who is Alan and Mary’ father? is Alan and Mary is Alan and Mary’s is Alan and Mary's grandmother? andfather? other?2 Complete each entenee with a word from the box, 3 Choose the correct word underlined in each, ventence. 1 Match the pictures 1) to 8) with the sentences a) toh). 3 Free time brother children daughter husband | sister son owing wife a) ‘Ted and Alice were happy when Emily, th slaughiter...., was born, b) Harry asked Ann to be his sansonnnnn and they got married six months later: ¢) Jimand Mary’s.. sueyDavid ywas their second child, 4) Richard and Stephen ae... snnoemey but they don’tlook exactly the same ©) Mark and his .ansonnon Sue Went shopping with their mother £) When the school bell rang, a crowd of . ran out of the school. g) Jane mether ov: Philip ata friend’s wedding, 1) Liz and het osm» Mike like listening to their grandmother's stories a) Christine is married @¥with an Italian, b) More than fifty of Rick’s parents/relatives came co the wedding, ©) Annis the only people/person I really ike! d) The old/olds often think about the past. e) I’ve never met him before. He’s a stranger/foreigner. §) Tknexe/mer your new Bnglish teacher yesterday. g) Suc and her sister Mary are rwwins/pairs hh) My brother Mark is the eldest/elderly child in the family 3 Free time a) taking photos é ©) waking up b) doing the housework — .. §) washing your hair ©) listening to musie . g) watching television d) playing the piano : bh) painting a picture 213Elementary Langaage Practice 2 Complereench | [erin geuin semencewitha | : verb from dae Os. ay eats sand tli up early in the morning b) Steve and Ann love --nun to football matches ©) Jack doesn’t like sono his bed. &) David hates orn to musie when he is driving, €) don’t really like sssnsnesnnn alone in the house at night. f) Doi sense Patties? 8) Janecan’ stand san the ironing, ) h) Jimlikes ww television in the kitche 3 a) Are you interested for/Gm)photography? Choose the b) Thisis my best/favourite book. It’s David Copperfield, by Dickens correct words _c) I've decided to make/join the local swimming club. underlined in d) Kate usually passes/spends most of her time reading, eachsentence. __¢) Timhas avery interesting fun/hobby. He builds small boats. f) Whatdo you like doing in your empty/spare time? ) Wendy is a member/team of the drama club, h) Suelikes going to the cinema/cinema, 4 What do you like doing best (1)... yourspare time? My cousin Paul likes going Decide which (2)... in the country and (3).... photos. Sometimes he (4) .. with his friends, answera), b),¢)or and they (5).... atthe park orat the beach. They always (6)... good time. His 4d) best fits the brother Chris isn’t (7)... on walling, He spends most of the (8).....at home, space. His (9)... activity is watching television, He can’t (10)... noisy people. 1) a)for bywhen ——c)in d)at 2) a)forwalks —b) walks c)awalk d) to walk 3) a)making bb) having} raking @) doing 4) a)travels| b)getsup —_c) sees a) goes out 5) a)enjoy b)hobby — ¢) go. alhave fun 6) a)have b)make —c)do d)like 7) a)imerested —_b) out odecided dd) keen 8) a) other b) time ©)people —— d) money 9) a)favourite b)happy —e) brother d) always 10) a)like b)stand edhe dyhave 5 a) You need a pencil if you wantto makea.3., Choose the most )planning —3)drawing suitable word orb) Kate's mother thinks that skateboarding is. phrase. Hanger 2)dangerous 3) in danger ©) Sarah hasa wonderful... collection. H)stamping —2)stamp 3) stamps aud EEE alszoing ids, His 4 Complete the labels a) to f) with aword from the box. 2 Match each word with a description 4 Rooms 4) Does your sister play ....? i)the piano —2)pianos_—-3) apiano €) Carol writes pop ... in her spare time. 1)songs 2) sings ) singing f) Harry spends a lor of time playing i)computer’sgames 2) games of computer __3) computer +g) Martin often talks to his .. goldfish. 1)pet 2)friendly 3) hobby h) Do you know how to .. chess? 1)make 2)play 3) game chair door floor ehh e) a). Kitchen bedroom living-room bathroom study _| a) You usually sleep in this room, eedevern. bb) You sit at your desk in this room. ee ©) You sit on the sofa and watch television in this room. d) You cook meals in this room. ¢) You take a shower in this room. 215Elementary Language Pract 3 Choose the correct word underlined in each Complete each sentence with a word from the box 5 Decide which answer a),b), ¢) or d) best fits the space. 1) Don't forget toignroli¥elose the light when you leave, b) Can you shuv/stap the door? W's-eold in he ©) Jin and Tina usually haye/get lunch in the kitchen. 4) Our house is dirty because nobody likes making/doing housework +) Someones hitting/knocking at the door 1) Why don’t you pur/take a pierure on this wall? x) Can you open/turn on the light? I can’t see. |) ‘Tom is living/staying with his sister for a few days. armchair bathroom ceiling desk floor furniture upstairs window 2) Our house has nwo floors, and my bedrooms. b) IF Lstand ona chair, lean touch the wastes, ©) Peter does his homework at hi in his bedroom, d) Lean’t movein your room! There is 100 much enenrnn ©) Frommy... , lean see the park at the end of the street. f) Kate dropped a glass on the wnmnisnnnnnman and it broke, ®) Tackisin the... sumone He's taking a shower: h) When I read, | like sitting in a comfortable . like my house because it has lots of (1) .A.. 1° a flat,and it has a hall, a (2) three bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. My bedroom is small, but I can see the park from my (3) ... .I've got posters on the (4) ws and a carpet on the (5) ss There isn’t a lot oF (6) nus just (7) ny abed and a (8)... for my clothes, Tused to (9)... the room with my brother, but he’s a student now and lives ina student (10)..... 1) a)phee b)space —_¢) floors d)area 2) a)living-room b)bedsit ec) cottage —d) saloon 3) a)door b) mir cjeurtain —d) window 4) a)bed b)chair bookcase d) walls 5) a)wall b) floor c)window — d)ceiling 6) a)furniture —b)table——c)armehair—_d) central heating 7) aanoffice ——)alibrary —c)adesk a study 8) a)cupboard —_b) cur c) carpet a) wardrobe 9) a)live b)pare c) share d) double 10) a)hostel byhome ——e)eollege accommodation 6ich place + ha description, woose the aisect word “aderlined in eschsentence. 5 Places baker's bank butcher's chemist’s greengrocer’s newsagent’s market post offi a) Youcan buy fresh fruit and vegetables here, .greeugroner 'b) You can put money in your account hei Tides ©) You can buy things outside in the street here. d) You can buy medicine here. ©) You can buy bread and cakes here, f) You can buy meat here ) You can buy stamps, and send letters here. h) You can buy magazines and sweets here. 3) Have you been to Grimton? It’s nota very nice part b) Ik’s good to get hway from the city and visit che field/conntry. ©) Parisis the head/capital of France. d) You can get.a bus from here to the city central/centre. ©) Would you rather vein acity, a small town or avilla/village? 4) When you leave the land/cauntry, you have to show your passport. ¢) David comes from a small centre/town in Wales. hh) Everest is the highest mountain in the world/earth. a) Excuse me, how do I... ..to the post office from here? 1) find 2) get 3) come b) When you come to the end of the street, tun. 1) tolefe 2) left 3) cheleft ©) Could you tell me the wannnnennnesu 0 the bus station, please? 1) road 2) direction 3) way 4) Idon’t know where we are. I'm completely 1) lost 2) missed 3) absent fr the next turning on the right. 1) Make 2) Go 3) Take f) How is itfrom here to the museum? 1) far 2) distance 3) journey 2) Gown «atthe traffic lights, 1) over 2) straighton 3} through hh) The cinemais.. _-the left 1)on 2) at 3) by ° 207Elementary Language Practice 4 Match each word in the box witha description. a Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. 2 Choose the best ending from 1) to 8) foreach sentence) toh). block of flats si hotel library police station a) Youcan ask for help here. police stata. b) Youcan stay here. ) You can borrow books from her 4) Youcan watch a film here @) You can catch a train her f) You can see aplay here. You can live here. h) You can have dinner here. 6 Jobs a) Mark works for an Australian job/Gompany) b) Ann gotajob inan office asa typewriter/typist. When I had toothache I went to the doctor’s/dentist’s d) Bob trained as an electri @) My mother used to work as a cook/cooker in a school. £) Do you like our new English teacher/professor? g) The police was/were waiting for Jim outside the bank. h) Helen has found a work/job ina bank. a) Themechanic 7. 1) milked the cows. b) Thecarpenter 2) sentthe thief to prison ) Thevet 3) gave Lisa some medicine for her sick cat. 4) The judge 4) brought Anna drink ona tray e) Theplumber ..... 5) repaired the table and chairs. f) The farmer Paul’s new suit. g) The tailor 7) repaired my car h) The steward 8) fixed the broken pipe in the bathroom,3 Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Match the objects in the picture with the words a) tof). 2 Tick the things you usually find in each room, cian gardener lawyer nist soldier ned by a well-known ..echitee. b) After he was arrested, Paul was allowed tophone his ©) Being a/an is enjoyable, until ther d) Alan : ¢) When all the lights went out, the manager called 2/49 wn £) Oncea weeks a/an.. ruts the geass. 8) Helen trained a8 af serninnonnonnnn and now plays in-an orchestra h) Annisa famous... nous and works ata university, i) Thebest .vuu in the play played the part of the King, j) David didn’tenjoy being a/an _- because he gor seasick, war. looked after Bob when he was in hospital, com 7 Inside the house a) carpet. b) curtain ©) lamp... d) radiator ©) shelf wn. 8) table su a) kitchen 1) cookerY 2) sofa 3) bath 4) fridge” b) bedroom 1) blanket 2) dustbin 3) wardrobe 4) pillow ©) living-room 1) washing machine 2) armchair 3) carpet 4) table d) bathroom 1) mirror 2) teh 3) bookshelf 4) shower 29Elementary Language Practice 3 a Choose the most 1) suitable word, b) Ie’s very cold. Why don’t you turn on the 1) centralheating 2) cooker 3) s To stop the light coming in the window we need some ...catadis, urtains 2) radiators 3) shelves ¢) Inthe evening I like to relax in 1) achair d) Laura sat at hes 1) study 2) desk 3) office ©) My school books are in the seat 3) anarmehair and turned on her computer in the livin -room, 1) library 2) bookcase 3) bookshelf 1) ‘There was a lovely fire burning in the... 1) chimney 2) central heating fireplace 8 can wash your hands in the ...:usse in the bathroom, 1) basin 2) shower 3) tap h) ‘The biscuits are in the ww: in the kitchen. 1) table 2) shelf 3) cupboard 8 Food and drink a Match the words and the pictures. \) somebiscuits ..2. ¢) some fruit b) some bread f) asalad ) achicken g) asausage2 Complete each sentence with a word from the 3 Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence. 4 Match each word in the box witha description, 8 Food and drink breakfast. take-away dinner food lunch meal menv pi a) When I get hungry and feel like a stk... Leavan apple, bb) ‘The waiter gave Us the ..n.ormmn» and we chose our meals ©) A g00d .remnnsunis the best way of starting the day. &) Peter has to take medicine an hour before every sm e} Pm meeting Carol for .. at [ 30, s0 I'll be back late this afternoon, 1) sronnmsenn is served every evening in the hotel dining-room. g) Michael really loves Greek... hh) Wetook some fruit and sandwiches and had a ...ee onthe beach i) Helen didn’t have time to cook so she phoned fora . j) After the starter we ordered our main susan a) Goi¥Cook some water, and pour it into the cup. b) We usually bake/fry the fish in oil. ¢) Atthe end of the meal we paid the menu/bill. d) Lalways buy fresh food because I don’t like iced/frozen food. @) Lisa doesn’t eat meat. She’s a vegetable/vegeratian. £) Don’t forget to pur the meal/the food in the fridge. g) When the food is made/done, take it out of the oven. h) Could we have some more bread/loaf please? i) The cook/cooker put the meat in the oven. j) Jack bought a fresh chicken/kitchen from the supermarket. cup jug fork knife napkin saucer plate spoon straw tray a) You can eat soup with this. SPOR. b) Youcan suck drinks through this. ©) You put food on this and eat from it, pe ) You can carry things on this. e) Youcan cut meat with this. 4) Youdrink wea or coffee from this. fh g) During meals, you can clean your hands with this or put it on your lap. h) You can carry food to your mouth with this. usm i) You can pour water from this. i j) This usually goes under your cup.entary Language Practice 4 Match the words: and the pictures. 2 Choose the correct word underlined. 3 Complete each bos. 9 Animals a a) bird td) dog b) cat » —) fish ©) chicken wef) ROYSE wen g) lizard h) monkey a) Can you(akeV/run the dog fora walk, please? b) Thisis my pet/toy lizard, Larry. ©) When someone knocks at the door, the dog shouts/barks. 4d) Some birds can run/{fly for thousands of kilometres. ¢) Lions and tigers are wild/country animals. 4) Doyou know how to ride/drive a horse? g) Monkeys are good at climbing/living trees. h) Helen has two birds, and feedseats them every day bit ho bunt jump like live make si a) Don't worry! The dog won't Liles YOU b) Monkeys ean ss from one treet another ©) Bish ean't wat of water dl) Parson Hot of noise ©) Notinany people snakes. 1) Mow birds inthe morning, Jit and sleep duving the day Ay Youreaiasea net ora hookte afish,4 Choose the best ending from 1) to 8)for each sentence a) toh). 4 Look at the picture and read the descriptions, Then write the names, a) Asmall bluefish .Z nthe kitchen. b) The fat white eat 2) barked when I knocked at the door. ©) The friendly horse 3) was green and nwo metres long. €) Mickey Mouse 4) flew across the garden ©) Suddenly asmall bird ..... 5) went to sleep on the armchair f) Mary’sperehicken su. 6) ate some grass from Tim’s hand. g) Alarge black dog 7) was swimming in the giass bowl h) The snake . } was the star of many cartoons. 10 Clothes a) She's middle-aged and she’s wearing skist. .s