Table 1: Impact toughness results for hot rolled and cold rolled

steel (AISI 1018) at various temperatures.

Steel
(AISI
1018)
Hot
rolled
Cold
rolled

Temperature of specimen (C)

-60

-40

-20

22

60

100

Energy absorbed (ft. lbs)

1.5

6.5

63

79

88

92

86

2.5

3.5

22.5

15

43

54

Sketches of fractured surfaces of Steel (AISI 1018) hot

rolled and cold rolled after Charpy Impact Testing:

Brittle
Ductile
fracture
fracture

Question:
What is the Charpy value a measure of?
Answer:
Charpy test is used to determine the amount of energy
absorbed by a material during fracture. This absorbed energy is a
measure of a given material's notch toughness and acts as a tool
to study temperature-dependent ductile-brittle transition.

Conclusion:

While comparing, It was observed that the graph drawn for

cold and hot rolled steel (AISI 1018) was almost similar to
the Ideal graph. But there were some difference due to room
temperature, notch effect and size.

It was also observed that the impact values for hot rolled
steel were higher as compared to cold rolled steel at same
temperature which was due to direction of external forces
and grain structure.

 From graph and table, its was concluded that at higher

temperatures steel become ductile whereas at lower
temperatures steel become brittle. From temperature -60 o C
to -40 o C, the impact values were almost similar for hot
rolled and cold rolled steel. For hot rolled steel, the charpy
value increased dramatically within the temperature range
-40 o C to -20 o C than cold rolled steel and become more
ductile. This was due to the strong bonding between the
atoms of material at higher temperature.
While observing the fractures, it was noticed that the ductile
fracture was irregular in shape while brittle fracture was
smooth and had very fine grains.

Reference for Ideal Graph:

https://www.uvm.edu/~dhitt/me124/CharpyImpactNotes.p
df