Mt s phng php tnh ct thp

cho vch phng b tng ct thp

Ks. Nguyn Tun Trung
ThS. V Mnh Tng
(B mn Cng trnh B tng ct thp - i hc Xy dng)

Tm tt
Vch l mt trong nhng kt cu chu lc quan trng trong nh nhiu tng, tuy nhin
vic tnh ton ct thp vn cha c cp c th trong tiu chun thit k ca Vit
Nam. Bo co trnh by mt s phng php tnh ct thp dc cho vch phng b tng
ct thp v a ra cc nhn xt v vic p dng trong thit k.
I. Gii thiu

Nhng nm gn y, nh nhiu tng ang pht trin vi mt s lng ln Vit Nam.

Trong cc dng h kt cu, vch phng l mt trong nhng kt cu chu lc quan trng.
u im ca n l tnh lin khi tt, bin dng ngang nh do c cng ln. Trong qu
trnh lm vic chung ca ton b cng trnh, vch cng c vai tr chu phn ln ti trng
ngang v mt phn ti trng ng.
Tuy nhin, hin nay, vic tnh ton vch cng ch yu s dng thit k c sn trong
cc chng trnh ca nc ngoi, khng bit c quy trnh c th.
Vic tnh ton ct thp cho vch phng c th s dng nhiu phng php. Bo co
trnh by 3 phng php tnh ton ct thp cho vch phng thng dng trong thit k
nh cao tng:
- Phng php phn b ng sut n hi.
- Phng php gi thit vng bin chu m men.
- Phng php xy dng biu tng tc.
Bo co ch cp n cch tnh ton ct thp chu lc dc v m men. nh hng
ca lc ct trong vch cha c xt n.
II. Phng php phn b ng sut n hi

1. M hnh :
Phng php ny chia vch thnh nhng phn t nh chu lc ko hoc nn ng tm,
coi nh ng sut phn b u trong mi phn t. Tnh ton ct thp cho tng phn t.
Thc cht l coi vch nh nhng ct nh chu ko hoc nn ng tm.
Cc gi thit c bn:
- Vt liu n hi.
- ng lc ko do ct thp chu, ng lc nn do c b tng v ct thp chu.
2. Cc bc tnh ton:
- Bc 1: xc nh trc chnh v m men qun chnh trung tm.
- Bc 2: chia vch thnh nhng phn t nh.
1

tw

L
y.i

a
.
x

Hnh 1: Minh ho cch chia phn t

- Bc 3: tnh lc dc tc dng vo mi phn t do lc dc N v m men trong mt
phng Mx gy ra:
Ni =

N Mx

yi
n yi2

- Bc 4: tnh din tch ct thp chu ko, nn.

- Bc 5: kim tra hm lng ct thp. Nu Asc < 0: t ct thp chu nn theo cu
to.
3. Nhn xt:
- Phng php ny n gin, c th p dng tnh ton khng ch i vi vch
phng.
- Gi thit ct thp chu nn v chu ko u t n gii hn chy trn ton tit din
vch l cha chnh xc. Ch ti nhng phn t bin hai u vch, ct thp c th t n
gii hn chy, nhng nhng phn t gia vch, ct thp cha t n gii hn chy.
4. V d tnh ton:

250

Cho vch c tit din nh hnh v. Chu lc dc N = 1000T ; m men trong mt phng
Mx = 1050 Tm. Tnh ton v b tr ct thp cho tng. Tiu chun p dng ACI 318. B
tng c fc' = 30 MPa . Thp AIII, fy = 400 MPa .
4300

250

Li gii: Chia vch thnh nhng phn nh nh hnh v. V l do i xng v m men

c th i chiu nn ch cn tnh cho mt na vch.
1

500 500 500

650

650

500 500 500

4300

Din tch ct thp chu nn c tnh t phng trnh cn bng:

N = 0,8c 0,85 fc' ( Ab Asc ) + fy Asc

vi

Ab = tw.a : din tch b tng ca phn t th i.

Asc: din tch ct thp chu nn c b tr trong phn th i.

c = 0,7 : h s gim bn khi chu nn i vi tng

suy ra

N
0,85 fc' Ab
0,8c
Asc =
fy 0,85 fc'
2

 k Ab
b f y

Din tch ct thp chu ko l: As =

b = 0,9 : h s gim bn khi chu un.

Hm lng ct thp chu ko ln nht l 0,06, chu nn ln nht l 0,04.
Kt qu tnh c cho trong bng sau:
im

Lc dc ti tm PT
ko

Thp

nn

Hm lng

ko

nn

ko

nn

cm

cm

-28.80

278.80

-8.00

47.83

0.006

0.038

11.67

238.33

Cu to

28.53

0.023

52.15

197.85

Cu to

9.23

0.007

98.69

151.31

Cu to

-38.50

Cu to

250

Ti phn t 1, chn thp 1620. Ti phn t 2, chn thp 1020. Trn on cn li t

cu to 12a200.

500

500

2300

500

500

4300

III. Phng php gi thit vng bin chu m men

1. M hnh:
Phng php ny cho rng ct thp t trong vng bin hai u tng c thit k
chu ton b m men. Lc dc trc c gi thit l phn b u trn ton b chiu
di tng.
Cc gi thit c bn:
- ng lc ko do ct thp chu.
- ng lc nn do c b tng v ct thp chu.
2. Cc bc tnh ton:
- Bc 1: gi thit chiu di B ca vng bin chu m men. Xt vch chu lc dc trc
N v m men un trong mt phng Mx. M men Mx tng ng vi mt cp ngu lc
t hai vng bin ca tng.
tw

0.5L

B. l
Mx

Pr
vng bin phi

vng bin tri

Pl

B.r

Hnh 2: Mt ct & mt ng vch

3

- Bc 2: xc nh lc ko hoc nn trong vng bin:

Pl ,r =

vi

N
Mx
Ab
A
( L 0,5 Bl 0,5 Br )

Ab : din tch ca vng bin.

A: din tch mt ct vch.
- Bc 3: tnh din tch ct thp chu ko, nn.

- Bc 4: kim tra hm lng ct thp. Nu khng tho mn th phi tng kch thc
B ca vng bin ln ri tnh li t bc 1. Chiu di ca vng bin B c gi tr ln nht l
L/2, nu vt qu gi tr ny cn tng b dy tng.
- Bc 5: kim tra phn tng cn li gia hai vng bin nh i vi cu kin chu
nn ng tm. Trng hp b tng kh nng chu lc th ct thp chu nn trong
vng ny c t theo cu to.
3. Nhn xt:
- Phng php ny tng t nh phng php 1, ch khc ch b tr tp trung lng
ct thp chu ton b m men hai u vch.
- Phng php ny kh thch hp i vi trng hp vch c tit din tng cng
hai u (b tr ct hai u vch).
- Phng php ny thin v an ton v ch k n kh nng chu m men ca ct thp.
4. V d tnh ton:
Ly v d nh trn.
Li gii: Thc hin tnh ton theo tiu chun ACI318. Hm lng ct thp chu ko
ln nht l 0,06, chu nn ln nht l 0,04.
Gi thit chiu di phn t bin nh hnh v.
x

B .l

B.r

250

Mx

800

1350

1050

1100

4300

Tnh ton kim tra vng bin

- Lc ko trong vng bin: Pl = 127,39T.
- Lc nn trong vng bin: Pr = 499,48T.
- Din tch thp chu ko tnh c As = 37,70 cm2, hm lng 1,77% ; din tch thp
chu nn tnh c Asc = 50,92 cm2, hm lng 1,85%. Chn 20a120, do m men c th
i chiu nn b tr nh hnh v.
Tnh ton kim tra phn tng cn li
- Chiu di on tng gia: B = 2,4m
- KNCL nn ca tng khi cha c ct thp: Pu = 856,8T.
- Lc dc trc m tng phi chu: N = 558,14T.
- Vy ct thp trong phn tng ny t theo cu to. Chn 12200.
4

250
1100

2100

1100

4300

IV. Phng php s dng biu tng tc

1. Khi nim:
Phng php ny da trn mt s gi thit v s lm vic ca b tng v ct thp
thit lp trng thi chu lc gii hn (Nu, Mu) ca mt vch b tng ct thp bit, tp
hp cc trng thi ny s to thnh 1 ng cong lin h gia lc dc N v mmen M ca
trng thi gii hn.
2. Cc gi thit c bn:
- Tit din vch c gi thit nh sau: tit din vch phng trc khi chu lc
th vn phng sau khi chu lc. y l gi thit rt quan trng trong tnh ton, gi thit
ny c s dng tnh ton cu kin chu un (dm), cu kin chu nn un (ct) trong
cc tiu chun ca Hoa K, Anh, Australia, ... . Da trn gi thit ny, chng ta c th
tnh ton c bin dng ti mt im bt k trn tit din theo bin dng ln nht ca b
tng vng nn v ct thp trong vng ko hoc nn t.
- Gi thit quan h ng sut bin dng ca ct thp, quan h ny c n gin
ho thun tin cho tnh ton.
-

Gi thit v biu ng sut b tng vng nn v b tng vng nn quy i.

Gi thit v bin dng cc hn quy c ca b tng vng nn.

0.3%

0.85 fc
0.85 x

0.9 x

0.35%

0.67 fcu
1.5

0.3%

0.85 x

0.85 fc'

fy

Hnh 3: Biu ng sut trong b tng, biu bin dng, quan h ng sut bin dng
ca ct thp theo tiu chun ACI 318, BS 8110, AS3600.

3. Thit lp biu tng tc:

- Nguyn tc chung: da vo bin dng cc hn ca b tng vng nn v v tr ca
trc trung ho c th hin qua chiu cao vng nn x, ta c th xc nh c trng thi
ng sut trong b tng v ct thp trong vch, cc ng sut ny tng hp li thnh 1 lc
dc v 1 mmen ti trng tm hnh hc ca vch, chnh l 1 im ca biu tng tc.
- Cc im chnh trn biu tng tc: v biu tng tc l mt ng cong,
mi im trn ng cong ny tng ng vi 1 v tr ca trc trung ho trn tit din vch
(1 gi tr ca x), v vy vic thit lp biu ny thng c thit lp bng s tr gip
ca my tnh. Tuy nhin, vn c th thit lp biu gn ng bng cch ni mt s
im chnh bng on thng. C 5 im chnh sau y:
+ im A: lc dc Nu=0, giao im vi trc honh M
+ im B: im cn bng, bin dng ln nht ca b tng vng nn t n bin
dng cc hn quy c ca b tng ng thi bin dng ln nht ca ct thp t
n gii hn chy.
+ im C: im chu nn, tt c ct thp trn tit din u chu nn (x=h).
+ im D: Mu=0, giao im vi trc tung N
+ im E: x=h/2
-

Cc bc tin hnh:
+ Bc 1: gi thit x
+ Bc 2: tnh ton chiu cao b tng vng nn quy i
+ Bc 3: tnh ton bin dng ca ct thp
+ Bc 4: tnh ton ng sut trong ct thp
+ Bc 5: tnh ton hp lc ca vng b tng chu nn v ct thp ti trng
tm hnh hc ca vch.
+ Bc 6: thay i x v lm li t bc 1

0.3%
x

0.85 x

Hnh 4: Trnh t thit lp biu tng tc

4. Nhn xt:
- Phng php xy dng biu tng tc c th coi nh l phng php chnh xc
nht, phn nh ng nht s lm vic ca vch b tng ct thp trong 3 phng php
c tng kt.
- Phng php ny thc cht coi vch cng l mt cu kin chu nn lch tm v ct
thp phn b trn ton tit din vch c k n trong kh nng chu lc ca vch.
- Vic thit lp biu tng tc i hi khi lng tnh ton kh ln. gim bt
khi lng tnh ton, ta c th s dng biu tng tc gn ng (hnh 4).
5. V d tnh ton:
Thit lp biu tng tc ca vch cng c kch thc v cu to ct thp nh
hnh v di y. Tiu chun p dng ACI 318. Vt liu: fc=30MPa, fy=400MPa,
Es=200000 MPa.
14x250

250

4300
40

40

0.2%

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

fy

0.3%
x

0.2%

fy

fy
fy

0.85 fc'

0.2% 0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

0.3%

0.85 fc'

0.85 fc'

0.85 x

0.85 x

0.3%
x

0.2%

fy

fy
fy

fy

0.85 fc'

0.85 fc'

0.85 x

0.85 x

Biu tng tc
3500
3000

3118
2589

2500

2192

N (T)

2000

1872
1685

1500

1165

1000

794

500

422

0
-500 0

-1
500

1000
M (T.m)

1500

2000

V. Kt lun

- Phng php phn b ng sut n hi n gin, c th m rng tnh ton li

cng, nhng gi thit vt liu n hi khng ng vi vt liu b tng ct thp.
- Phng php gi thit vng bin chu nn n gin, d p dng. Tuy nhin, phng
php ny thin v an ton khi ch cho hai phn t bin ca vch chu m men.
- Phng php xy dng biu tng tc c th coi nh l phng php chnh xc
nht trong ba phng php trnh by, phn nh ng nht s lm vic ca vch b tng
ct thp, tuy nhin, quy trnh tnh ton kh phc tp.
- Phng php xy dng biu tng tc c th p dng c vi tiu chun thit k
kt cu BTCT ca Vit Nam, tuy nhin phi chp nhn mt s gi thit nh trnh by
trn.

Ti liu tham kho

1. L.E. Linovits , Tnh ton v cu to nh dn dng. Bn dch ting Vit, L c Thng & V
Cng Ng, Nh xut bn KH&KT.
2. TS Nguyn Trung Ho, Kt cu BTCT theo quy phm Hoa K, Nh xut bn xy dng.
3. PGS. TS Trn Mnh Tun, Tnh ton kt cu BTCT theo tiu chun ACI318-2002, Nh xut
bn xy dng.
4. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI318-02) and commentary (ACI318R02).
5. Australian Standard, Concrete Structures (AS3600-2001).
6. Reinforced Concrete Design Theory and Examples. T.J. Macginley, B.S. Choo.

SOME METHODS FOR DESIGN REINFORCEMENT OF R.C. WALL

Eng. Nguyen Tuan Trung

M.Sc Vo Manh Tung
(Departement of R.C structure - HUCE)

Abstract
Reinforced concrete wall is important element of bearing members in the highrise
building. But its design is not mentioned clearly in R.C structure vietnamese design
standard. The report presents and comments some methods for design vertical
reinforcement of R.C wall.